Style.1
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<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/Style/HTML40-plus-blink.dtd">
<!--
The above is a "custom" DTD, because the text below uses
<blink>, which isn't actually an HTML element. Including
<blink> is meant as a *joke*. Adding it to a DTD doesn't make
it any more standard or any more meaningful. DON'T CREATE
CUSTOM DTDs!
-->
<html lang=en>
<head profile="http://www.microformats.org/wiki/hcard-profile">
<!-- This isn't the profile, just a related page, but for lack of better... -->
<title>Web Style Sheets</title>
<meta name="description" content="W3C's overview of Web style sheets.">
<meta name="keywords" content="style, stylesheets, stylesheet, style sheet,
W3C, CSS, CSS1, CSS2, XSL, Web, Cascading Style Sheets, level 1,
level 2, Extensible Style Language, XSLT, layout, formatting">
<link rel=stylesheet title="Gold + navbar"
href="threepart-f.css" media="screen, print, projection, tv">
<!-- The following variant is for windows that aren't tall enough for
the fixed menu. Use the scrolling menu instead. -->
<link rel=stylesheet title="Gold + navbar"
href="threepart.css" media="only screen and (max-height: 27em)">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Blue shadows" href="main.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Blue shadows" href="map-ns.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Blue shadows" href="map.css" media="all">
<!-- map.css is better than map-ns, but must be hidden from NS 4.x -->
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Blue shadows" href="banner-k.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Blue shadows" href="shadows.css" media="all">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Without navigation bar" href="main.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Without navigation bar" href="map-ns.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Without navigation bar" href="map.css" media="all">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Without navigation bar" href="banner-none.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Without navigation bar" href="shadows.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Oldstyle"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Oldstyle">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Modernist"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Modernist">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Midnight"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Midnight">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Ultramarine"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Ultramarine">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Swiss"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Swiss">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Chocolate"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Chocolate">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Traditional"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Traditional">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Steely"
href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/Core/Steely">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Forest (by David Baron)"
href="http://dbaron.org/style/forest">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Plain (by David Baron)"
href="http://dbaron.org/style/plain">
<!--
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Gold (right) + navbar" href="threepart.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Gold (left) + navbar" href="threepart-left.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Gold (right)" href="threepart-nobanner.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Gold (left)" href="threepart-left-nobanner.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Gold (left, fixed) + navbar" href="threepart-left-f.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Gold (right, fixed)" href="threepart-nobanner-f.css">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Gold (left, fixed)" href="threepart-left-nobanner-f.css">
-->
<link rel=stylesheet title="Handheld"
href="handheld.css" media="handheld">
<link rel=stylesheet title="Handheld"
href="handheld-bw.css" media="only handheld and (monochrome)">
<style type="text/css">
table {border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0.5em}
blink {text-decoration: blink}
</style>
<link rel=home title="W3C" href="/">
<link rel=top title="(this page)" href="./">
<link rel=chapter title="CSS" href="CSS/">
<link rel=chapter title="XSL" href="XSL/">
<link rel=bookmark title="Activities" href="../Consortium/activities">
<link rel=bookmark title="Tech. reports" href="../TR/">
<link rel=bookmark title="Translations" href="../Consortium/Translation/">
<link rel=bookmark title="Software" href="../Status">
<link rel=index title="Site index" href="../Consortium/siteindex">
<link rel=search title="Search" href="http://search.w3.org/">
<link rel=copyright title="Copyright" href="../Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice.html#Copyright">
<link rel=author href="mailto:bert@w3.org">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=af class=notranslate title="Afrikaans [2010-09-30]" href="http://www.web-styles.co.za/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ar class=notranslate title="العربية (Arabic) [2009-08-26]" href="http://www.webstyles.ae.org/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=az class=notranslate title="Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani) [2009-01-21]" href="http://www.software4life.biz/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=be class=notranslate title="беларуская (Belarusian) [2007-07-30]" href="http://eu-by.org/Style/be/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=bg class=notranslate title="Български (Bulgarian) [2008-07-26]" href="http://dichev.com/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=bn class=notranslate title="বাংলা (Bengali) [2009-07-03]" href="http://www.webstyles-bengali.in/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ca class=notranslate title="Català (Catalan) [2010-09-30]" href="http://www.catalan-webstyles.com/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=cs class=notranslate title="Česky (Czech) [2009-07-02]" href="http://www.csstipster.info/WebStyleSheets.htm">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=da class=notranslate title="Dansk (Danish) [2009-08-12]" href="http://www.x-web.org/w3c/style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=de class=notranslate title="Deutsch (German) [2009-11-24]" href="http://www.webmeister.at/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=el class=notranslate title="Ελληνικά (Greek) [2008-01-13]" href="http://www.merbau.info/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=en class=notranslate title="English" href="Overview.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=es class=notranslate title="Español (Spanish) [2008-04-01]" href="http://www.spanish-translator-services.com/espanol/t/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=et class=notranslate title="Eesti (Estonian) [2009-07-03]" href="http://buildingblocksjava.com/ee/Style/WebSS.htm">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=fa class=notranslate title="فارسی (Farsi) [2010-05-01]" href="http://www.farsibuddy.com/w3c/style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=fi class=notranslate title="Suomi (Finnish) [2009-02-03]" href="http://www.webstyles-finnish.info/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=fr class=notranslate title="Français (French) [2009-02-03]" href="http://www.stylesheets.fr/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=he class=notranslate title="עברית (Hebrew) [2009-08-17]" href="http://www.webstyles-hebrew.com/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=hi class=notranslate title="हिन्दी (Hindi) [2009-08-11]" href="http://www.webstyles.in/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=hu class=notranslate title="Magyar (Hungarian) [2010-09-30]" href="http://www.hungarian-webstyles.com/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=id class=notranslate title="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) [2007-11-09]" href="http://www.idebagus.com/w3/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=is class=notranslate title="Íslenska (Icelandic) [2009-10-12]" href="http://www.w3iceland.com/style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=it class=notranslate title="Italiano (Italian) [2009-02-03]" href="http://www.web-styles.it/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ja class=notranslate title="日本語 (Japanese) [2008-10-21]" href="http://www.a2ztutorial.com/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ka class=notranslate title="ქართული (Georgian) [2008-03-04]" href="http://www.gew3.org/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=kk class=notranslate title="Қазақша (Kazakh) [2008-11-04]" href="http://www.kazaja.com/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ko class=notranslate title="한국어 (Korean) [2009-08-14]" href="http://www.webstyles.kr/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=lt class=notranslate title="Lietuvių (Lithuanian) [2009-08-15]" href="http://www.css-styles.lt/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=lv class=notranslate title="Latviešu valoda (Latvian) [2007-10-25]" href="http://www.reviews4u.org/Style/lv/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=mo class=notranslate title="Moldovan (Moldavian) [2007-10-16]" href="http://www.mow3.com/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=nb class=notranslate title="Norsk (Norwegian) [2008-11-20]" href="http://www.bjornenki.com/articles/w3_style">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ne class=notranslate title="नेपाली (Nepalese) [2010-04-01]" href="http://www.traveldoozie.com/w3/style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=nl class=notranslate title="Nederlands (Dutch) [2008-07-26]" href="http://www.sftcc.com/style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=pl class=notranslate title="Polski (Polish) [2006-11-02]" href="http://www.allster.info/tlumaczenia/WebSS.htm">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=pt class=notranslate title="Português (Portuguese) [2009-02-03]" href="http://www.webstyles-portuguese.info/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ro-1 class=notranslate title="Română (Romanian) [Teodor Birca] [2008-01-11]" href="http://www.softacid.net/scripts/w3/style.htm">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ro-2 class=notranslate title="Română (Romanian) [Shelest Dmitry] [2007-11-26]" href="http://www.reviewzcenter.com/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=ru class=notranslate title="Русский (Russian) [2007-07-23]" href="http://www.indeep76.com/Style/ru/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=sk class=notranslate title="Slovenčina (Slovak) [2009-07-28]" href="http://www.dhtmlonline.com/sk/WebSS.htm">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=sq class=notranslate title="Shqip (Albanian) [2009-09-21]" href="http://css-al.com/webstylesheets.htm">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=sr-cyrl class=notranslate title="Српски (Serbian) [2008-03-27]" href="http://www.inverudio.com/w3c/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=sr-latn class=notranslate title="Srpski (Serbian) [2008-03-27]" href="http://www.inverudio.com/w3c/Style/index-L.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=sv class=notranslate title="Svenska (Swedish) [2009-02-03]" href="http://www.webstyles-swedish.info/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=th class=notranslate title="ไทย (Thai) [2010-01-18]" href="http://www.thaiw3c.com/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=tk class=notranslate title="Türkmen (Turkmen) [2009-01-12]" href="http://tudevelopment.com/style/tu/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=tl class=notranslate title="Tagalog [2008-11-04]" href="http://tl.tz8.de/style.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=tt class=notranslate title="татарча (Tatar) [2007-01-11]" href="http://www.tatarw3.com/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=uk class=notranslate title="Українська (Ukrainian) [2007-07-23]" href="http://www.indeep76.com/Style/ua/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=uz class=notranslate title="Ўзбек (Uzbek) [2010-09-30]" href="http://www.uzbek-webstyles.com/Style/index.html">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=vi class=notranslate title="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) [2010-03-14]" href="http://asiatranslate.org/w3/style-vi/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=zh-hans class=notranslate title="简体中文 (Chinese simplified) [2009-02-03]" href="http://www.webstyles-chinese.info/Style/">
<link rel=alternate hreflang=zh-hant class=notranslate title="繁體中文 (Traditional Chinese) [2009-03-02]" href="http://www.certifiedchinesetranslation.com/openaccess/Style.html">
<p class=translations>(<a title="About the translations" href="/Style/translating">Languages:</a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=af href="http://www.web-styles.co.za/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="Afrikaans [2010-09-30]">af</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ar href="http://www.webstyles.ae.org/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="العربية (Arabic) [2009-08-26]">ar</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=az href="http://www.software4life.biz/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani) [2009-01-21]">az</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=be href="http://eu-by.org/Style/be/"><abbr class=notranslate title="беларуская (Belarusian) [2007-07-30]">be</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=bg href="http://dichev.com/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Български (Bulgarian) [2008-07-26]">bg</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=bn href="http://www.webstyles-bengali.in/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="বাংলা (Bengali) [2009-07-03]">bn</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ca href="http://www.catalan-webstyles.com/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="Català (Catalan) [2010-09-30]">ca</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=cs href="http://www.csstipster.info/WebStyleSheets.htm"><abbr class=notranslate title="Česky (Czech) [2009-07-02]">cs</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=da href="http://www.x-web.org/w3c/style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Dansk (Danish) [2009-08-12]">da</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=de href="http://www.webmeister.at/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Deutsch (German) [2009-11-24]">de</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=el href="http://www.merbau.info/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Ελληνικά (Greek) [2008-01-13]">el</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=en href="Overview.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="English">en</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=es href="http://www.spanish-translator-services.com/espanol/t/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Español (Spanish) [2008-04-01]">es</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=et href="http://buildingblocksjava.com/ee/Style/WebSS.htm"><abbr class=notranslate title="Eesti (Estonian) [2009-07-03]">et</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=fa href="http://www.farsibuddy.com/w3c/style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="فارسی (Farsi) [2010-05-01]">fa</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=fi href="http://www.webstyles-finnish.info/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Suomi (Finnish) [2009-02-03]">fi</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=fr href="http://www.stylesheets.fr/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Français (French) [2009-02-03]">fr</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=he href="http://www.webstyles-hebrew.com/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="עברית (Hebrew) [2009-08-17]">he</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=hi href="http://www.webstyles.in/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="हिन्दी (Hindi) [2009-08-11]">hi</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=hu href="http://www.hungarian-webstyles.com/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="Magyar (Hungarian) [2010-09-30]">hu</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=id href="http://www.idebagus.com/w3/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) [2007-11-09]">id</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=is href="http://www.w3iceland.com/style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Íslenska (Icelandic) [2009-10-12]">is</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=it href="http://www.web-styles.it/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Italiano (Italian) [2009-02-03]">it</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ja href="http://www.a2ztutorial.com/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="日本語 (Japanese) [2008-10-21]">ja</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ka href="http://www.gew3.org/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="ქართული (Georgian) [2008-03-04]">ka</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=kk href="http://www.kazaja.com/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Қазақша (Kazakh) [2008-11-04]">kk</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ko href="http://www.webstyles.kr/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="한국어 (Korean) [2009-08-14]">ko</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=lt href="http://www.css-styles.lt/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Lietuvių (Lithuanian) [2009-08-15]">lt</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=lv href="http://www.reviews4u.org/Style/lv/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Latviešu valoda (Latvian) [2007-10-25]">lv</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=mo href="http://www.mow3.com/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Moldovan (Moldavian) [2007-10-16]">mo</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=nb href="http://www.bjornenki.com/articles/w3_style"><abbr class=notranslate title="Norsk (Norwegian) [2008-11-20]">nb</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ne href="http://www.traveldoozie.com/w3/style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="नेपाली (Nepalese) [2010-04-01]">ne</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=nl href="http://www.sftcc.com/style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Nederlands (Dutch) [2008-07-26]">nl</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=pl href="http://www.allster.info/tlumaczenia/WebSS.htm"><abbr class=notranslate title="Polski (Polish) [2006-11-02]">pl</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=pt href="http://www.webstyles-portuguese.info/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Português (Portuguese) [2009-02-03]">pt</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ro-1 href="http://www.softacid.net/scripts/w3/style.htm"><abbr class=notranslate title="Română (Romanian) [Teodor Birca] [2008-01-11]">ro-1</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ro-2 href="http://www.reviewzcenter.com/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Română (Romanian) [Shelest Dmitry] [2007-11-26]">ro-2</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=ru href="http://www.indeep76.com/Style/ru/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Русский (Russian) [2007-07-23]">ru</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=sk href="http://www.dhtmlonline.com/sk/WebSS.htm"><abbr class=notranslate title="Slovenčina (Slovak) [2009-07-28]">sk</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=sq href="http://css-al.com/webstylesheets.htm"><abbr class=notranslate title="Shqip (Albanian) [2009-09-21]">sq</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=sr-cyrl href="http://www.inverudio.com/w3c/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Српски (Serbian) [2008-03-27]">sr-cyrl</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=sr-latn href="http://www.inverudio.com/w3c/Style/index-L.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="Srpski (Serbian) [2008-03-27]">sr-latn</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=sv href="http://www.webstyles-swedish.info/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Svenska (Swedish) [2009-02-03]">sv</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=th href="http://www.thaiw3c.com/"><abbr class=notranslate title="ไทย (Thai) [2010-01-18]">th</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=tk href="http://tudevelopment.com/style/tu/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Türkmen (Turkmen) [2009-01-12]">tk</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=tl href="http://tl.tz8.de/style.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="Tagalog [2008-11-04]">tl</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=tt href="http://www.tatarw3.com/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="татарча (Tatar) [2007-01-11]">tt</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=uk href="http://www.indeep76.com/Style/ua/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Українська (Ukrainian) [2007-07-23]">uk</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=uz href="http://www.uzbek-webstyles.com/Style/index.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="Ўзбек (Uzbek) [2010-09-30]">uz</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=vi href="http://asiatranslate.org/w3/style-vi/"><abbr class=notranslate title="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) [2010-03-14]">vi</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=zh-hans href="http://www.webstyles-chinese.info/Style/"><abbr class=notranslate title="简体中文 (Chinese simplified) [2009-02-03]">zh-hans</abbr></a>
<a rel=alternate hreflang=zh-hant href="http://www.certifiedchinesetranslation.com/openaccess/Style.html"><abbr class=notranslate title="繁體中文 (Traditional Chinese) [2009-03-02]">zh-hant</abbr></a>)
<h1>Web Style Sheets<br>
home page</h1>
<p class=hide>(This page uses CSS style sheets)
<div class=map>
<p id=p1><a rel="bookmark" href="#news">What's new?</a>
<p id=p2><a rel="bookmark" href="#what">What are style sheets?</a>
<p id=p3><a rel="bookmark" href="#press">Press clippings</a>
<p id=p4><a rel="bookmark" href="#conferences">Conferences</a>
<p id=p5><a rel="chapter" href="CSS/">CSS</a>
<p id=p7><a rel="chapter" href="XSL/">XSL</a>
<p id=p6><a rel="bookmark" href="#dsssl">DSSSL</a>
<p id=p8><a rel="bookmark" href="#CSS-DOM">CSS-DOM & SAC</a>
</div>
<blockquote class="motto">
<p><a href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/styles_vs_frames.html">“Hopefully,
future Web innovations will emulate the example set by the Web Consortium in
its work on CSS”</a>
<address>
<a
href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/styles_vs_frames.html">— Jakob
Nielsen</a>
</address>
</blockquote>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="news">
<h2>What's new?</h2>
<p>See the “what's new?” sections of <a href="CSS/#news">CSS</a> and
<a href="XSL/#news">XSL</a>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="what">
<h2>What are style sheets?</h2>
<p>Style sheets describe how documents are presented on screens, in
print, or perhaps how they are pronounced. W3C has actively promoted
the use of style sheets on the Web since the Consortium was founded in
1994. The <a href="Activity">Style Activity</a> has produced several W3C
Recommendations (CSS1, CSS2, XPath, XSLT). <a href="CSS/">CSS</a>
especially is widely implemented in browsers.
<p>By attaching style sheets to structured documents on the Web (e.g.
HTML), authors and readers can influence the presentation of documents
without sacrificing device-independence or adding <a
href="customdtd"><blink>new HTML tags</blink></a>.
<p>The easiest way to start experimenting with style sheets is to find
a <a href="CSS/#browsers">browser that supports CSS</a>. Discussions
about style sheets are carried out on the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Lists.html#www-style">www-style@w3.org</a>
mailing list and on <a
href="news:comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets">
comp.­infosystems.­www.­authoring.­stylesheets</a>.
<p>The W3C Style Activity is also developing <a href="XSL/">XSL</a>,
which consists of a combination of XSLT and “Formatting Objects”
(XSL-FO).
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="why">
<h2>Why two Style Sheet languages?</h2>
<p class="alt-hint">Wondering which one to choose? Read <a
href="CSS-vs-XSL">"CSS & XSL"</a>
<p>The fact that W3C has developed XSL in addition to CSS has caused
some confusion. Why develop a second style sheet language when
implementors haven't even finished the first one? The answer can be
found in the table below:
<table>
<tr><th> <th>CSS <th>XSL
<tr><td>Can be used with HTML? <td>yes <td>no
<tr><td>Can be used with XML? <td>yes <td>yes
<tr><td>Transformation language? <td>no <td>yes
<tr><td>Syntax <td>CSS <td>XML
</table>
<p>The unique features are that CSS can be used to style HTML & XML
documents. XSL, on the other hand, is able to transform documents. For
example, XSL can be used to transform XML data into HTML/CSS documents
on the Web server. This way, the two languages complement each other
and can be used together.
<p>Both languages can be used to <a href="styling-XML">style XML
documents</a>.
<p>CSS and XSL use the same underlying formatting model and designers
therefore have access to the same formatting features in both
languages. W3C will work hard to ensure that interoperable
implementations of the formatting model are available.
<p>A W3C Note on <a href="/TR/NOTE-XSL-and-CSS">"Using XSL and CSS
together"</a> is available.
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="press">
<h2>Press clippings</h2>
<p>If you are new to the subject, you may want to start by reading
some press clippings on style sheets:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9707a.html">Effective Use
of Style Sheets</a>, by <a href="http://www.useit.com/jakob/">Jakob
Nielsen</a> (in: <em><a
href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/">Alertbox</a>,</em> July 1997),
Also recommended: his book <a
href="http://www.useit.com/errata/"><cite>Designing Web usability: the
practice of simplicity</cite></a> (New Riders, 2000).
<li><span class="date">2000-06-02</span> <a
href="http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2000/06/30/magazine/mozilla_stylesheets.html"><cite>Tap
the power of Mozilla's user style sheets,</cite></a> an article by <a
href="http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/au/83">Andrew Wooldridge</a> in
the <a href="http://www.mozillazine.org/">O'Reilly MozillaZine</a>,
shows why client-side style sheets are so important.
<li><a
href="http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2000/03/29/tutorial/index.html">XML Web
pages with Mozilla</a>, by <a href="http://www.simonstl.com/">Simon
St. Laurent</a>, a tutorial on styling XML.
</ul>
<p>See the <a href="CSS/">CSS</a> and <a href="XSL/">XSL</a> pages for
more (and more recent) articles.
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="css">
<h2>CSS</h2>
<p class="hint">Information about the buttons at the bottom of this
page is available on the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Buttons/">button page</a> and at the
<a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/">CSS validator</a>.
<p><a href="CSS/">Cascading Style Sheets</a> (CSS) is a style sheet
mechanism that has been specifically developed to meet the needs of
Web designers and users.
<ul>
<li><a href="CSS/#learning">How can I learn more about CSS?</a>
<li><a href="CSS/software#browsers">What browsers support CSS? And what
features do they support?</a>
<li><a href="CSS/software#editors">What authoring tools support CSS?</a>
<li><a href="CSS/current-work">Where are the CSS specifications?</a>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="xsl">
<h2>XSL</h2>
<p>W3C has a Working Group to develop the eXtensible Style
Language (XSL). XSL builds on DSSSL and CSS and is primarily targeted
for highly structured XML data which, e.g., needs element reordering
before presentation. For more information on XSL see the <a
href="XSL/">W3C XSL resource page</a>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="dsssl">
<h2>DSSSL</h2>
<p>DSSSL is a document tree transformation and style language in with
many adherents in the SGML community. DSSSL resources on the Web:
<ul>
<li>The <a
href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/sun-info/standards/dsssl/draft/">
Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL)</a>
specification is available in compressed form.
<li><a href="http://www.mulberrytech.com/dsssl/dssslist/">DSSSList</a> is the
DSSSL Users' Mailing List.
<li><a href="http://www.jclark.com/jade/">Jade</a> is <a
href="http://www.jclark.com/">James Clark</a>'s DSSSL engine.
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="CSS-DOM">
<h2>CSS-DOM & SAC</h2>
<p>A CSS file can be created and edited “by hand,” i.e.,
with a text editor, but you can also write a program in ECMAscript,
Java or some other language, that manipulates a style sheet. This is
in fact so common, that there are software libraries of useful
functions available. To help in porting such program & libraries
to different computer platforms, W3C has developed a specification
called <em>CSS-DOM,</em> that defines a set of functions that all such
libraries must provide.
<p>The CSS Document Object Model is an <em>API</em> (Abstract
Programming Interface) for manipulating CSS (and to a certain extent
also other style languages) from within a program. An API is the
specification of a software library. You can see it as a manual: it
describes the functions and their parameters, but doesn't contain the
actual code.
<p>There are several CSS-DOM libraries available, for different
platforms. Many of them are free. Many browsers have a CSS-DOM library
built-in, for use by ECMAScript programs.
<p>SAC (Simple API for CSS) is a complement to the CSS-DOM. The
CSS-DOM contains functions to manipulate a style sheet after it has
been loaded into memory; the functions defined by SAC help in
<em>parsing</em> a style sheet, i.e., in transferring a style sheet
from a file into memory.
<p>The <a href="../TR/DOM-Level-2-Style/">CSS-DOM</a> is a W3C
Recommendation. <a href="CSS/SAC/">SAC</a> is a project under
development. <a href="CSS/#software">Some software</a> (other than
browsers) is listed on the CSS overview page.
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="conferences">
<h2>Conferences, workshops, research</h2>
<div class="alt-hint">
<p>See also:
<ul>
<li><a href="../Member/Eventscal">W3C calendar [members only]</a>
<li><a href="news:news.announce.conferences">Usenet newsgroup
news. announce. conferences</a>
</ul>
</div>
<p>The W3C team and representatives of W3C members often give <a
href="../Talks/">presentations.</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="dynamic">
<h2>Dynamic HTML</h2>
<p>Dynamic HTML is a term used to describe HTML pages with dynamic
content. <a href="CSS/">CSS</a> is one of three components in dynamic
HTML; the other two are <a href="../MarkUp/">HTML</a> itself and
JavaScript (which is being standardized under the name <a
href="http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ecma%2D262.htm">EcmaScript</a>).
The three components are glued together with <a
href="../DOM/">DOM</a>, the Document Object Model.
</div>
</div>
<div class="back">
<div class="section" id="resource">
<h2>Related resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/">DMOZ</a> (the Open Directory Project)
pages on <a
href="http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Data_Formats/Markup_Languages/XML/Style_Sheets/">XML
& style sheets</a> and on <a
href="http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Data_Formats/Style_Sheets/CSS/">CSS</a>.
<li><a href="http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/~mudws/font.html">What's
wrong with the <FONT> element?</a>
<li><a
href="http://alis.isoc.org/web_ml/html/fontface.en.html"><FONT
FACE> considered harmful</a>
<li>W3C hosts the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Lists.html#www-style">www-style@w3.org</a>
mailing list on style sheets. Feel free to add yourself or browse the
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archive</a>.
<li>David Siegel's <a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021125050819/http://www.dsiegel.com/balkanization/">
Balkanization of the
web</a>
(1995–1996)
<li>A separate page on <a href="History/">historical style sheet
proposals</a> is also available.
<li>The history of CSS is described in <a
href="LieBos2e/history/">chapter 20</a> of the book <a
href="http://www.informit.com/store/product.aspx?isbn=0321193121&rll=1"><cite>Cascading
Style Sheets, designing for the Web,</cite></a> by Håkon Wium Lie and
Bert Bos (3rd ed., 2005, Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-321-19312-1)
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="banner">
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<address class=vcard>
<img class=photo src="../People/Bos/bert6.png" alt="">
<a class="fn url" href="../People/Bos/">Bert Bos</a>,
<span class=org>W3C</span> <span class=title>Style Activity Lead</span>
</address>
<address>
<a href="../Help/Webmaster.html">Webmaster</a>
</address>
<address>
Last updated: $Date: 2011/02/25 09:42:32 $ GMT
</address>
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