index.html
96.4 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd'><html xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Manchester Syntax</title>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
<style type="text/css">
.editsection { display: none; }
</style>
<link href="owl.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WG-NOTE" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<script src="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/toggles.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="head">
<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72" /></a><h1 id="title" style="clear:both">OWL 2 Web Ontology Language <br /><span id="short-title">Manchester Syntax</span></h1>
<h2 id="W3C-doctype">W3C Working Group Note 27 October 2009</h2>
<!-- no inplace warning -->
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-owl2-manchester-syntax-20091027/" id="this-version-url">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-owl2-manchester-syntax-20091027/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest version:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-manchester-syntax/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-manchester-syntax/</a></dd>
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-manchester-syntax-20090611/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-manchester-syntax-20090611/</a> (<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-owl2-manchester-syntax-20091027/diff-from-20090611">color-coded diff</a>)</dd>
</dl>
<dl><dt>Authors:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horridgm/">Matthew Horridge</a>, University of Manchester</dd>
<dd><a href="http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/pfps/">Peter F. Patel-Schneider</a>, Bell Labs Research, Alcatel-Lucent</dd>
</dl>
<p>This document is also available in these non-normative formats: <a href="http://www.w3.org/2009/pdf/NOTE-owl2-manchester-syntax-20091027.pdf">PDF version</a>.</p>
<p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2009 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p>
</div>
<hr />
<h2><a id="abstract" name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>
<div>
<div><p>The OWL 2 Web Ontology Language, informally OWL 2, is an ontology language for the Semantic Web with formally defined meaning. OWL 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as Semantic Web documents. OWL 2 ontologies can be used along with information written in RDF, and OWL 2 ontologies themselves are primarily exchanged as RDF documents. The OWL 2 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-overview-20091027/" title="Document Overview">Document Overview</a> describes the overall state of OWL 2, and should be read before other OWL 2 documents.</p><p>The Manchester syntax is a user-friendly compact syntax for OWL 2 ontologies; it is frame-based, as opposed to the axiom-based other syntaxes for OWL 2. The Manchester Syntax is used in the OWL 2 Primer, and this document provides the language used there. It is expected that tools will extend the Manchester Syntax for their own purposes, and tool builders may collaboratively extend the common language.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 class="no-toc no-num">
<a id="status" name="status">Status of this Document</a>
</h2>
<h4 class="no-toc no-num" id="may-be">May Be Superseded</h4>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
<!-- no eventStatusExtra -->
<!-- no statusExtra -->
<div>
<h4 class="no-toc no-num" id="sotd-xml-dep">XML Schema Datatypes Dependency</h4>
<p>OWL 2 is defined to use datatypes defined in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">XML Schema Definition Language (XSD)</a>. As of this writing, the latest W3C Recommendation for XSD is version 1.0, with <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/">version 1.1</a> progressing toward Recommendation. OWL 2 has been designed to take advantage of the new datatypes and clearer explanations available in XSD 1.1, but for now those advantages are being partially put on hold. Specifically, until XSD 1.1 becomes a W3C Recommendation, the elements of OWL 2 which are based on it should be considered <em>optional</em>, as detailed in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-conformance-20091027/#XML_Schema_Datatypes">Conformance, section 2.3</a>. Upon the publication of XSD 1.1 as a W3C Recommendation, those elements cease to be optional and are to be considered required as otherwise specified.</p>
<p>We suggest that for now developers and users follow the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-xmlschema11-1-20090430/">XSD 1.1 Candidate Recommendation</a>. Based on discussions between the Schema and OWL Working Groups, we do not expect any implementation changes will be necessary as XSD 1.1 advances to Recommendation.</p>
</div>
<h4 class="no-toc no-num" id="status-changes">Summary of Changes</h4>
<div>There have been no <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#substantive-change">substantive</a> changes since the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-manchester-syntax-20090611/">previous version</a>. For details on the minor changes see the <a href="#changelog">change log</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-owl2-manchester-syntax-20091027/diff-from-20090611">color-coded diff</a>.</div>
<h4 class="no-toc no-num" id="please">Please Send Comments</h4><p>Please send any comments to <a class="mailto" href="mailto:public-owl-comments@w3.org">public-owl-comments@w3.org</a>
(<a class="http" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-owl-comments/">public
archive</a>). Although work on this document by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/">OWL Working Group</a> is complete, comments may be addressed in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/errata">errata</a> or in future revisions. Open discussion among developers is welcome at <a class="mailto" href="mailto:public-owl-dev@w3.org">public-owl-dev@w3.org</a> (<a class="http" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-owl-dev/">public archive</a>).</p>
<h4 class="no-toc no-num" id="no-endorsement">No Endorsement</h4>
<p><em>Publication as a Working Group Note does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This document may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. Therefore, quotes or references to specific information in the document should include the publication date of this version, 27 October 2009. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than a Working Group Note, which is not an endorsed W3C Recommendation.</em></p>
<h4 class="no-toc no-num" id="patents">Patents</h4>
<p><em>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. The group does not expect this document to become a W3C Recommendation. W3C maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/41712/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure"> section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</em></p>
<hr title="Separator After Status Section" />
<table class="toc" id="toc" summary="Contents"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Table of Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Introduction"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Introduction</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#The_Grammar"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">The Grammar</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#IRIs.2C_Integers.2C_Literals.2C_and_Entities"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">IRIs, Integers, Literals, and Entities</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Ontologies_and_Annotations"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ontologies and Annotations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Property_and_Datatype_Expressions"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Property and Datatype Expressions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Descriptions"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Descriptions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Frames_and_Miscellaneous"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Frames and Miscellaneous</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Global_Concerns"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Global Concerns</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Quick_Reference"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Quick Reference</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Appendix:_Translation_to_and_from_OWL_2_Functional-Style_Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Appendix: Translation to and from OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Informal_Description"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Informal Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Formal_Description_for_Mapping_to_OWL_2_Functional-Style_Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Formal Description for Mapping to OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Formal_Description_for_Mapping_from_OWL_2_Functional-Style_Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Formal Description for Mapping from OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Appendix:_Internet_Media_Type.2C_File_Extension_and_Macintosh_File_Type"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Appendix: Internet Media Type, File Extension and Macintosh File Type</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Appendix:_Change_Log_.28Informative.29"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Appendix: Change Log (Informative)</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Changes_Since_Previous_Working_Draft"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Changes Since Previous Working Draft</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Normative_References"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Normative References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Non-normative_References"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Non-normative References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } </script>
<p><br />
</p>
<a name="Introduction"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">1 Introduction </span></h2>
<p>The Manchester OWL syntax is a user-friendly syntax for OWL 2 descriptions, but it can also be used to write entire OWL 2 ontologies. The original version of the Manchester OWL syntax [<cite><a href="#ref-manchester-owl-dl" title="">Manchester OWL DL Syntax</a></cite>] was created for OWL 1 [<cite><a href="#ref-owl-1-semantics-and-abstract-syntax" title="">OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax</a></cite>]; it is here updated for OWL 2 [<cite><a href="#ref-owl-2-specification" title="">OWL 2 Specification</a></cite>]. The Manchester syntax is used in Protégé 4 [<cite><a href="#ref-protege-4" title="">Protégé 4</a></cite>] and TopBraid Composer<sup>®</sup> [<cite><a href="#ref-topbraid-composer" title="">TopBraid Composer</a></cite>], particularly for entering and displaying descriptions associated with classes. Some tools (e.g., Protégé 4) extend the syntax to allow even more compact presentation in some situations (e.g., for explanation) or to replace IRIs by label values, but this document does not include any of these special-purpose extensions.
</p><p>The Manchester OWL syntax gathers together information about names in a frame-like manner, as opposed to
RDF/XML [<cite><a href="#ref-rdf-syntax" title="">RDF Syntax</a></cite>],
the functional-style syntax for OWL 2
[<cite><a href="#ref-owl-2-specification" title="">OWL 2 Specification</a></cite>],
and the XML syntax for OWL 2 [<cite><a href="#ref-owl-2-xml-serialization" title="">OWL 2 XML Serialization</a></cite>].
It is thus closer to the abstract syntax
for OWL 1 [<cite><a href="#ref-owl-1-semantics-and-abstract-syntax" title="">OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax</a></cite>], than the above syntaxes for OWL 2. Nevertheless,
parsing the Manchester OWL syntax into the OWL 2 structural specification is quite easy, as it is easy to identify the axioms inside each frame.
</p><p>As the Manchester syntax is frame-based, it cannot directly handle all OWL 2 ontologies. However, there is a simple transform that will take any OWL 2 ontology that does not overload between object, data, and annotation properties or between classes and datatypes into a form that can be written in the Manchester syntax.
</p><p>An example ontology in the Manchester OWL syntax can be found in the OWL
Primer [<cite><a href="#ref-owl-2-primer" title="">OWL 2 Primer</a></cite>].
</p>
<a name="The_Grammar"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">2 The Grammar </span></h2>
<p>The Manchester syntax for OWL 2 ontologies is defined using a standard BNF notation, which is summarized in the table below.
</p>
<div class="center">
<table border="1">
<caption> <span class="caption">Table 1.</span> The BNF Notation Used in this Document
</caption><tr>
<th> Construct
</th><th> Syntax
</th><th> Example
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> non-terminal symbols
</td><td> boldface
</td><td> <span class="nonterminal">ClassExpression</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> terminal symbols
</td><td> single quoted
</td><td> <span class="name">'PropertyRange'</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> zero or more
</td><td> curly braces
</td><td> <span class="name">{ </span><span class="nonterminal">ClassExpression</span><span class="name"> }</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> zero or one
</td><td> square brackets
</td><td> <span class="name">[ </span><span class="nonterminal">ClassExpression</span><span class="name"> ]</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> alternative
</td><td> vertical bar
</td><td> <span class="nonterminal">Assertion</span><span class="name"> | </span><span class="nonterminal">Declaration</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> grouping
</td><td> parentheses
</td><td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyExpression</span> )
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<p>Because comma-separated lists occur in very many places in the syntax,
to save space the grammar has three meta-productions, one for non-empty lists, one for lists of minimum length two, and
one for non-empty lists with annotations in them.
</p>
<p class="grammar" style="white-space: pre;"><span class="nonterminal"><NT>List</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal"><NT></span> { ',' <span class="nonterminal"><NT></span> }
<span class="nonterminal"><NT>2List</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal"><NT></span> ',' <span class="nonterminal"><NT>List</span>
<span class="nonterminal"><NT>AnnotatedList</span> ::= [<span class="nonterminal">annotations</span>] <span class="nonterminal"><NT></span> { ',' [<span class="nonterminal">annotations</span>] <span class="nonterminal"><NT></span> }
</p>
<p><br />
Documents in the Manchester OWL syntax form OWL 2 ontologies and consist
of sequences of Unicode characters
[<cite><a href="#ref-unicode" title="">UNICODE</a></cite>] and are encoded in UTF-8
[<cite><a href="#ref-rfc-3629" title="">RFC 3629</a></cite>].
</p><p>The grammar for the Manchester syntax does not explicitly show white space.
White space is allowed between any two terminals or non-terminals except inside
<span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span>,
<span class="nonterminal">prefixName</span>,
<span class="nonterminal">IRI</span>, and
<span class="nonterminal">literal</span>.
White space is required between two terminals or non-terminals if its removal could cause ambiguity.
Generally this means requiring white space except before and after
punctuation (e.g., commas, parentheses, braces, and brackets).
</p><p>White space is a sequence of blanks (U+20), tabs (U+9), line feeds (U+A), carriage returns (U+D), and comments. Comments are maximal sequences of Unicode characters starting with a '#' and not containing a line feed or a carriage return. Note that comments are only recognized where white space is allowed, and thus not inside the above non-terminals.
</p>
<a name="IRIs.2C_Integers.2C_Literals.2C_and_Entities"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">2.1 IRIs, Integers, Literals, and Entities </span></h3>
<p>Names are IRIs (the successors of URIs) and can either be given in full or can be abbreviated similar to as in SPARQL [<cite><a href="#ref-sparql" title="">SPARQL</a></cite>]. Abbreviated IRIs consist of an optional colon-terminated prefix followed by a local part. Prefixes in abbreviated IRIs <i>must</i> not match any of the keywords of this syntax. Prefixes <i>should</i> begin with lower case letters so that they do not clash with colon-terminated keywords introduced in future versions of this syntax. Local parts with no prefix are expanded as if they had an initial colon and <i>must</i> not match any keyword of this syntax.
</p><p>This syntax uses short forms for common data values, e.g., strings and numbers, and short forms for some common datatypes, e.g., integer. These correspond to the obvious long forms.
</p>
<p class="grammar">
<span class="nonterminal">fullIRI</span> := <i>an IRI as defined in [<cite><a href="#ref-rfc-3987" title="">RFC 3987</a></cite>], enclosed in a pair of < (U+3C) and > (U+3E) characters</i><br />
<span class="nonterminal">prefixName</span> := <i>a finite sequence of characters matching the PNAME_NS production of [<cite><a href="#ref-sparql" title="">SPARQL</a></cite>] and not matching any of the keyword terminals of the syntax</i><br />
<span class="nonterminal">abbreviatedIRI</span> := <i>a finite sequence of characters matching the PNAME_LN production of [<cite><a href="#ref-sparql" title="">SPARQL</a></cite>]<br /></i>
<span class="nonterminal">simpleIRI</span> := <i>a finite sequence of characters matching the PN_LOCAL production of [<cite><a href="#ref-sparql" title="">SPARQL</a></cite>] and not matching any of the keyword terminals of the syntax</i><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="IRI">IRI</span> := <span class="nonterminal">fullIRI</span> | <span class="nonterminal">abbreviatedIRI</span> | <span class="nonterminal">simpleIRI</span><br />
<br />
<span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">zero</span> | <span class="nonterminal">positiveInteger</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal">positiveInteger</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">nonZero</span> { <span class="nonterminal">digit</span> }<br />
<span class="nonterminal">digits</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">digit</span> { <span class="nonterminal">digit</span> }<br />
<span class="nonterminal">digit</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">zero</span> | <span class="nonterminal">nonZero</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal">nonZero </span>:= '1' | '2' | '3' | '4' | '5' | '6' | '7' | '8' | '9'<br />
<span class="nonterminal">zero</span> ::= '0'<br />
<br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="classIRI">classIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="Datatype">Datatype</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">datatypeIRI</span> | 'integer' | 'decimal' | 'float' | 'string'<br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="datatypeIRI">datatypeIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="objectPropertyIRI">objectPropertyIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataPropertyIRI">dataPropertyIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="annotationPropertyIRI">annotationPropertyIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="individual">individual</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">individualIRI</span> | <span class="nonterminal">nodeID</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="individualIRI">individualIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="nodeID">nodeID</span> := <i>a finite sequence of characters matching the BLANK_NODE_LABEL production of [<cite><a href="#ref-sparql" title="">SPARQL</a></cite>]</i><br />
<br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="literal">literal</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">typedLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteralNoLanguage</span> | <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteralWithLanguage</span> | <span class="nonterminal">integerLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">decimalLiteral</span> | <span class="nonterminal">floatingPointLiteral</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="typedLiteral">typedLiteral</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">lexicalValue</span> '^^' <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="stringLiteralNoLanguage">stringLiteralNoLanguage</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="stringLiteralWithLanguage">stringLiteralWithLanguage</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span> <span class="nonterminal">languageTag</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="languageTag">languageTag</span> := <i>@ (U+40) followed a nonempty sequence of characters matching the langtag production from [<cite><a href="#ref-bcp-47" title="">BCP 47</a></cite>]</i><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="lexicalValue">lexicalValue</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">quotedString</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="quotedString">quotedString</span> := <i>a finite sequence of characters in which " (U+22) and \ (U+5C) occur only in pairs of the form \" (U+5C, U+22) and \\ (U+5C, U+5C), enclosed in a pair of " (U+22) characters</i><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="floatingPointLiteral">floatingPointLiteral</span> ::= [ '+' | '-'] ( <span class="nonterminal">digits</span> ['.'<span class="nonterminal">digits</span>] [<span class="nonterminal">exponent</span>] | '.' <span class="nonterminal">digits</span>[<span class="nonterminal">exponent</span>]) ( 'f' | 'F' )<br />
<span class="nonterminal">exponent</span> ::= ('e' | 'E') ['+' | '-'] <span class="nonterminal">digits</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="decimalLiteral">decimalLiteral</span> ::= ['+' | '-'] <span class="nonterminal">digits</span> '.' <span class="nonterminal">digits</span><br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="integerLiteral">integerLiteral</span> ::= ['+' | '-'] <span class="nonterminal">digits</span><br />
<br />
<span class="nonterminal" id="entity">entity</span> ::= 'Datatype' '(' <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span> ')' | 'Class' '(' <span class="nonterminal">classIRI</span> ')'
| 'ObjectProperty' '(' <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyIRI</span> ')' | 'DataProperty' '(<span class="nonterminal">'dataPropertyIRI</span> ')'
| 'AnnotationProperty' '(' <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyIRI</span> ')' | 'NamedIndividual' '(' <span class="nonterminal">individualIRI</span> ')'
</p>
<a name="Ontologies_and_Annotations"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">2.2 Ontologies and Annotations </span></h3>
<p class="grammar" style="white-space: pre;"><span class="nonterminal" id="annotations">annotations</span> ::= 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="annotation">annotation</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyIRI</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotationTarget</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="annotationTarget">annotationTarget</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">nodeID</span> | <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span> | <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="ontologyDocument">ontologyDocument</span> ::= { <span class="nonterminal">prefixDeclaration</span> } <span class="nonterminal">ontology</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="prefixDeclaration">prefixDeclaration</span> ::= 'Prefix:' <span class="nonterminal">prefixName</span> <span class="nonterminal">fullIRI</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="ontology">ontology</span> ::= 'Ontology:' [ <span class="nonterminal">ontologyIRI</span> [ <span class="nonterminal">versionIRI</span> ] ] { <span class="nonterminal">import</span> } { <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> } { <span class="nonterminal">frame</span> }
<span class="nonterminal" id="ontologyIRI">ontologyIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="versionIRI">versionIRI</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="import">import</span> ::= 'Import:' <span class="nonterminal">IRI</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="frame">frame</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">datatypeFrame</span> | <span class="nonterminal">classFrame</span> | <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> | <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> | <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyFrame</span> | <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> | <span class="nonterminal">misc</span>
</p>
<p>The 'rdf:', 'rdfs:', 'owl:', and 'xsd:' prefixes are pre-defined as follows and cannot be changed. Each other prefix used in an ontology document must have exactly one prefix declaration in the ontology document.
</p>
<pre>Prefix: rdf: <<a class="external free" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns" title="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</a>>
Prefix: rdfs: <<a class="external free" href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema" title="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#</a>>
Prefix: xsd: <<a class="external free" href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" title="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#</a>>
Prefix: owl: <<a class="external free" href="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl" title="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#</a>>
</pre>
<a name="Property_and_Datatype_Expressions"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">2.3 Property and Datatype Expressions </span></h3>
<p class="grammar" style="white-space: pre;"><span class="nonterminal" id="objectPropertyExpression">objectPropertyExpression</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyIRI</span> | <span class="nonterminal">inverseObjectProperty</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="inverseObjectProperty">inverseObjectProperty</span> ::= 'inverse' <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyIRI</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataPropertyExpression">dataPropertyExpression</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyIRI</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataRange">dataRange</span> ::= <span id="dataor"><span class="nonterminal">dataConjunction</span> 'or' <span class="nonterminal">dataConjunction</span> { 'or' <span class="nonterminal">dataConjunction</span> }</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">dataConjunction</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataConjunction">dataConjunction</span> ::= <span id="dataand"><span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> 'and' <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> { 'and' <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> }</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataPrimary">dataPrimary</span> ::= <span id="dataComplementOf">[ 'not' ]</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataAtomic</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataAtomic">dataAtomic</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span>
| <span id="dataOneOf">'{' <span class="nonterminal">literalList</span> '}'</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">datatypeRestriction</span> | '(' <span class="nonterminal">dataRange</span> ')'
<span class="nonterminal" id="datatypeRestriction">datatypeRestriction</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span> '[' <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> <span class="nonterminal">restrictionValue</span> { ',' <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> <span class="nonterminal">restrictionValue</span> } ']'
<span class="nonterminal" id="facet">facet</span> ::= 'length' | 'minLength' | 'maxLength' | 'pattern' | 'langPattern' | '<=' | '<' | '>=' | '>'
<span class="nonterminal" id="restrictionValue">restrictionValue</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
</p>
<p>In a <span class="nonterminal">datatypeRestriction</span>, the <span class="nonterminal">facet</span>s and <span class="nonterminal">restrictionValue</span>s must be valid for the <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span>, as in the OWL 2 Specification [<cite><a href="#ref-owl-2-specification" title="">OWL 2 Specification</a></cite>], after making the obvious change for the comparison facets.
</p>
<a name="Descriptions"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">2.4 Descriptions </span></h3>
<p>The infix notation for descriptions is ambiguous as stated. This
ambiguity is resolved in the usual way, with later productions in the
description grammar below binding more tightly, so, for example,
</p>
<pre>p some a and p only b
</pre>
<p>is parsed as
</p>
<pre>(p some a) and (p only b)
</pre>
<p class="grammar" style="white-space: pre;"><span class="nonterminal" id="description">description</span> ::= <span id="or"><span class="nonterminal">conjunction</span> 'or' <span class="nonterminal">conjunction</span> { 'or' <span class="nonterminal">conjunction</span> }</span>
| <span class="nonterminal">conjunction</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="conjunction">conjunction</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">classIRI</span> 'that' [ 'not' ] <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> { 'and' [ 'not' ] <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> }
| <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> 'and' <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> { 'and' <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> }
| <span class="nonterminal">primary</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="primary">primary</span> ::= <span id="complement">[ 'not' ]</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> | <span class="nonterminal">atomic</span> )
<span class="nonterminal" id="restriction">restriction</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal" id="objectsome">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'some' <span class="nonterminal">primary</span>
| <span class="nonterminal" id="objectonly">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'only' <span class="nonterminal">primary</span>
| <span class="nonterminal" id="objectvalue">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'value' <span class="nonterminal">individual</span>
| <span class="nonterminal" id="objectSelf">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'Self'
| <span class="nonterminal" id="objectmin">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'min' <span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span> [ <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> ]
| <span class="nonterminal" id="objectmax">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'max' <span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span> [ <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> ]
| <span class="nonterminal" id="objectexactly">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'exactly' <span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span> [ <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> ]
| <span class="nonterminal" id="datasome">dataPropertyExpression</span> 'some' <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span>
| <span class="nonterminal" id="dataonly">dataPropertyExpression</span> 'only' <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span>
| <span class="nonterminal" id="datavalue">dataPropertyExpression</span> 'value' <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
| <span class="nonterminal" id="datamin">dataPropertyExpression</span> 'min' <span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span> [ <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> ]
| <span class="nonterminal" id="datamax">dataPropertyExpression</span> 'max' <span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span> [ <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> ]
| <span class="nonterminal" id="dataexactly">dataPropertyExpression</span> 'exactly' <span class="nonterminal">nonNegativeInteger</span> [ <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> ]
<span class="nonterminal" id="atomic">atomic</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">classIRI</span>
| <span id="objectOneOf">'{' <span class="nonterminal">individualList</span> '}' </span>
| '(' <span class="nonterminal">description</span> ')'
</p>
<a name="Frames_and_Miscellaneous"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">2.5 Frames and Miscellaneous </span></h3>
<p class="grammar" style="white-space: pre;"><span class="nonterminal" id="datatypeFrame">datatypeFrame</span> ::= 'Datatype:' <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span>
{ 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span> }
[ <span id="DatatypeEquivalentTo">'EquivalentTo:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataRange</span> ]
{ 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span> }
<span class="nonterminal" id="classFrame">classFrame</span> ::= 'Class:' <span class="nonterminal">classIRI</span>
{ 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="SubClassOf">'SubClassOf:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">descriptionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ClassEquivalentTo">'EquivalentTo:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">descriptionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ClassDisjointWith">'DisjointWith:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">descriptionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ClassDisjointUnionOf">'DisjointUnionOf:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">description2List</span> }
| <span id="HasKey">'HasKey:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> ( <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpression</span> | <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyExpression</span> )
{ <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpression</span> | <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyExpression</span> }
<span class="nonterminal" id="objectPropertyFrame">objectPropertyFrame</span> ::= 'ObjectProperty:' <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyIRI</span>
{ 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertyDomain">'Domain:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">descriptionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertyRange">'Range:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">descriptionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertyCharacteristics">'Characteristics:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyCharacteristicAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertySubPropertyOf">'SubPropertyOf:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpressionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertyEquivalentTo">'EquivalentTo:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpressionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertyDisjointWith">'DisjointWith:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpressionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertyInverseOf">'InverseOf:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpressionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="ObjectPropertySubPropertyChain">'SubPropertyChain:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpression</span> 'o' <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpression</span>
{ 'o' <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyExpression</span> } }
<span class="nonterminal" id="objectPropertyCharacteristic">objectPropertyCharacteristic</span> ::= 'Functional' | 'InverseFunctional'
| 'Reflexive' | 'Irreflexive' | 'Symmetric' | 'Asymmetric' | 'Transitive'
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataPropertyFrame">dataPropertyFrame</span> ::= 'DataProperty:' <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyIRI</span>
{ 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="DataPropertyDomain">'Domain:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">descriptionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="DataPropertyRange">'Range:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataRangeAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="DataPropertyCharacteristics">'Characteristics:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> 'Functional'
| <span id="DataPropertySubPropertyOf">'SubPropertyOf:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyExpressionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="DataPropertyEquivalentTo">'EquivalentTo:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyExpressionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="DataPropertyDisjointWith">'DisjointWith:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyExpressionAnnotatedList</span> }
<span class="nonterminal" id="annotationPropertyFrame">annotationPropertyFrame</span> ::= 'AnnotationProperty:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyIRI</span>
{ 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span> }
| <span id="AnnotationPropertyDomain">'Domain:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRIAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="AnnotationPropertyRange">'Range:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">IRIAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="AnnotationPropertySubPropertyOf">'SubPropertyOf:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyIRIAnnotatedList</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="individualFrame">individualFrame</span> ::= 'Individual:' <span class="nonterminal">individual</span>
{ 'Annotations:' <span class="nonterminal">annotationAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="IndividualTypes">'Types:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">descriptionAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="IndividualFacts">'Facts:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">factAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="SameAs">'SameAs:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">individualAnnotatedList</span>
| <span id="DifferentFrom">'DifferentFrom:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">individualAnnotatedList</span> }
<span class="nonterminal" id="fact">fact</span> ::= [ <span id="negativeAssertion">'not'</span> ] (<span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFact</span> | <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFact</span>)
<span class="nonterminal" id="objectPropertyFact">objectPropertyFact</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyIRI</span> <span class="nonterminal">individual</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="dataPropertyFact">dataPropertyFact</span> ::= <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyIRI</span> <span class="nonterminal">literal</span>
<span class="nonterminal" id="misc">misc</span> ::= <span id="EquivalentClasses">'EquivalentClasses:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">description2List</span>
| <span id="DisjointClasses">'DisjointClasses:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">description2List</span>
| <span id="EquivalentObjectProperties">'EquivalentProperties:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectProperty2List</span>
| <span id="DisjointObjectProperties">'DisjointProperties:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">objectProperty2List</span>
| <span id="EquivalentDataProperties">'EquivalentProperties:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataProperty2List</span>
| <span id="DisjointDataProperties">'DisjointProperties:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">dataProperty2List</span>
| <span id="SameIndividual">'SameIndividual:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">individual2List</span>
| <span id="DifferentIndividuals">'DifferentIndividuals:'</span> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> <span class="nonterminal">individual2List</span>
</p>
<a name="Global_Concerns"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">2.6 Global Concerns </span></h3>
<p>The Manchester syntax has the same global conditions on ontologies as for OWL 2 ontologies in the OWL 2 Specification [<cite><a href="#ref-owl-2-specification" title="">OWL 2 Specification</a></cite>], with the addition of the typing constraints for OWL 2 DL ontologies, but using the appropriate frame instead of declarations.
</p><p>The Manchester syntax global conditions for OWL 2 DL ontologies are the same as in the OWL 2 Specification except as mentioned just above.
</p><p><br />
</p>
<a name="Quick_Reference"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">3 Quick Reference </span></h2>
<p>This is a made-up partial ontology that provides a quick reference guide to the
Manchester Syntax. Not all of the ontology makes logical sense so that
all aspects of the syntax can be shown in a small example.
</p><p>All colon-terminated keyword constructs except Ontology: (e.g., Import:, Class:, Domain:,
SubClassOf:) are optional and can be repeated. Most keyword constructs
take a comma-separated list of sub-constructs, which is sometimes
indicated by ",...". Annotations are allowed for elements in these
lists of sub-constructs except where annotations are explicitly noted
(e.g., in DisjointUnionOf:, in DisjointClasses:).
</p>
<pre><a href="#prefixDeclaration" title="">Prefix: : <http://ex.com/owl/families#></a>
<a href="#prefixDeclaration" title="">Prefix: g: <http://ex.com/owl2/families#></a>
<a href="#ontology" title="">Ontology:</a> <a href="#ontologyIRI" title=""><http://example.com/owl/families></a> <a href="#versionIRI" title=""><http://example.com/owl/families-v1></a>
<a href="#import" title="">Import:</a> <a href="#IRI" title=""><http://ex.com/owl2/families.owl></a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations:</a> <a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">creator</a> <a href="#individual" title="">John</a>,
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations:</a> <a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">rdfs:comment</a> "Creation Year"
<a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">creationYear</a> <a href="#integerLiteral" title="">2008</a>,
<a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">mainClass</a> <a href="#IRI" title="">Person</a>
<a href="#objectPropertyFrame" title="">ObjectProperty:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyIRI" title="">hasWife</a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a>
<a href="#ObjectPropertyCharacteristics" title="">Characteristics:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyCharacteristic" title="">Functional</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyCharacteristic" title="">InverseFunctional</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyCharacteristic" title="">Reflexive</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyCharacteristic" title="">Irreflexive</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyCharacteristic" title="">Asymmetric</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyCharacteristic" title="">Transitive</a>
<a href="#ObjectPropertyDomain" title="">Domain:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations:</a> <a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">rdfs:comment</a> "General domain",
<a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">creator</a> John
<a href="#description" title="">Person</a>,
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations:</a> <a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">rdfs:comment</a> "More specific domain"
<a href="#description" title="">Man</a>
<a href="#ObjectPropertyRange" title="">Range:</a> <a href="#description" title="">Person</a>, <a href="#description" title="">Woman</a>
<a href="#ObjectPropertySubPropertyOf" title="">SubPropertyOf:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hasSpouse</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">loves</a>
<a href="#ObjectPropertyEquivalentTo" title="">EquivalentTo:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">isMarriedTo</a> ,...
<a href="#ObjectPropertyDisjointWith" title="">DisjointWith:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hates</a> ,...
<a href="#ObjectPropertyInverseOf" title="">InverseOf:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hasSpouse</a>, <a href="#inverseObjectProperty" title="">inverse hasSpouse</a>
<a href="#ObjectPropertySubPropertyChain" title="">SubPropertyChain:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hasChild</a> o <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hasParent</a> o...
<a href="#dataPropertyFrame" title="">DataProperty:</a> <a href="#dataPropertyIRI" title="">hasAge</a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a>
<a href="#DataPropertyCharacteristics" title="">Characteristics: Functional</a>
<a href="#DataPropertyDomain" title="">Domain:</a> <a href="#description" title="">Person</a> ,...
<a href="#DataPropertyRange" title="">Range:</a> <a href="#dataRange" title="">integer</a> ,...
<a href="#DataPropertySubPropertyOf" title="">SubPropertyOf:</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasVerifiedAge</a> ,...
<a href="#DataPropertyEquivalentTo" title="">EquivalentTo:</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasAgeInYears</a> ,...
<a href="#DataPropertyDisjointWith" title="">DisjointWith:</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasSSN</a> ,...
<a href="#annotationPropertyFrame" title="">AnnotationProperty:</a> <a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">creator</a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a>
<a href="#AnnotationPropertyDomain" title="">Domain:</a> <a href="#IRI" title="">Person</a> ,...
<a href="#AnnotationPropertyRange" title="">Range:</a> <a href="#IRI" title="">integer</a> ,...
<a href="#AnnotationPropertySubPropertyOf" title="">SubPropertyOf:</a> <a href="#annotationPropertyIRI" title="">initialCreator</a> ,...
<a href="#datatypeFrame" title="">Datatype:</a> <a href="#Datatype" title="">NegInt</a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a>
<a href="#DatatypeEquivalentTo" title="">EquivalentTo:</a> <a href="#datatypeRestriction" title="">integer[< 0] </a>
<a href="#classFrame" title="">Class:</a> <a href="#classIRI" title="">Person</a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a>
<a href="#SubClassOf" title="">SubClassOf:</a> <a href="#description" title="">owl:Thing</a> <a href="#conjunction" title="">that</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasFirstName</a> <a href="#dataexactly" title="">exactly</a> 1 <a href="#conjunction" title="">and</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasFirstName</a> <a href="#dataonly" title="">only</a> <a href="#datatypeRestriction" title="">string[minLength 1] </a> ,...
<a href="#SubClassOf" title="">SubClassOf:</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasAge</a> <a href="#dataexactly" title="">exactly</a> 1 <a href="#conjunction" title="">and</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasAge</a> <a href="#dataonly" title="">only</a> <a href="#dataComplementOf" title="">not</a> <a href="#Datatype" title="">NegInt</a>,...
<a href="#SubClassOf" title="">SubClassOf:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hasGender</a> <a href="#objectexactly" title="">exactly</a> 1 <a href="#conjunction" title="">and</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hasGender</a> <a href="#objectonly" title="">only</a> <a href="#objectOneOf" title="">{female , male}</a> ,...
<a href="#SubClassOf" title="">SubClassOf:</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasSSN</a> <a href="#datamax" title="">max</a> 1, <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasSSN</a> <a href="#datamin" title="">min</a> 1
<a href="#SubClassOf" title="">SubClassOf:</a> <a href="#primary" title="">not</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hates</a> <a href="#objectSelf" title="">Self</a>, ...
<a href="#ClassEquivalentTo" title="">EquivalentTo:</a> <a href="#description" title="">g:People</a> ,...
<a href="#ClassDisjointWith" title="">DisjointWith:</a> <a href="#description" title="">g:Rock</a> , <a href="#description" title="">g:Mineral</a> ,...
<a href="#ClassDisjointUnionOf" title="">DisjointUnionOf:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#description" title="">Child</a>, <a href="#description" title="">Adult</a>
<a href="#HasKey" title="">HasKey:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasSSN</a>
<a href="#individualFrame" title="">Individual:</a> <a href="#individualIRI" title="">John</a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a>
<a href="#IndividualTypes" title="">Types:</a> <a href="#description" title="">Person</a> , <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasFirstName</a> <a href="#datavalue" title="">value</a> <a href="#stringLiteralNoLanguage" title="">"John"</a> <a href="#description" title="">or</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">hasFirstName</a> <a href="#datavalue" title="">value</a> <a href="#typedLiteral" title="">"Jack"^^xsd:string</a>
<a href="#IndividualFacts" title="">Facts:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyFact" title="">hasWife Mary</a>, <a href="#fact" title="">not</a> <a href="#objectPropertyFact" title="">hasChild Susan</a>, <a href="#dataPropertyFact" title="">hasAge 33</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyFact" title="">hasChild _:child1</a>
<a href="#SameAs" title="">SameAs:</a> <a href="#individual" title="">Jack</a> ,...
<a href="#DifferentFrom" title="">DifferentFrom:</a> <a href="#individual" title="">Susan</a> ,...
<a href="#individualFrame" title="">Individual:</a> <a href="#nodeID" title="">_:child1</a>
<a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a>
<a href="#IndividualTypes" title="">Types:</a> <a href="#description" title="">Person</a> ,...
<a href="#IndividualFacts" title="">Facts:</a> <a href="#objectPropertyFact" title="">hasChild Susan</a> ,...
<a href="#DisjointClasses" title="">DisjointClasses:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#description" title="">g:Rock</a>, <a href="#description" title="">g:Scissor</a>, <a href="#description" title="">g:Paper</a>
<a href="#EquivalentObjectProperties" title="">EquivalentProperties:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hates</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">loathes</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">despises</a>
<a href="#DisjointObjectProperties" title="">DisjointProperties:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">hates</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">loves</a>, <a href="#objectPropertyExpression" title="">indifferent</a>
<a href="#EquivalentDataProperties" title="">EquivalentProperties:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">favoriteNumber</a>, <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">g:favouriteNumber</a>, <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">g:favouriteInteger</a>
<a href="#DisjointDataProperties" title="">DisjointProperties:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">favoriteInteger</a>, <a href="#dataPropertyExpression" title="">favouriteReal</a>
<a href="#SameIndividual" title="">SameIndividual:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#individual" title="">John</a>, <a href="#individual" title="">Jack</a>, <a href="#individual" title="">Joe</a>, <a href="#individual" title="">Jim</a>
<a href="#DifferentIndividuals" title="">DifferentIndividuals:</a> <a href="#annotations" title="">Annotations: ...</a> <a href="#individual" title="">John</a>, <a href="#individual" title="">Susan</a>, <a href="#individual" title="">Mary</a>, <a href="#individual" title="">Jill</a>
</pre>
<a name="Appendix:_Translation_to_and_from_OWL_2_Functional-Style_Syntax"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">4 Appendix: Translation to and from OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax </span></h2>
<p>Most of the translation between the Manchester OWL syntax and OWL 2 is
obvious. The translation given here is with the OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax
[<cite><a href="#ref-owl-2-specification" title="">OWL 2 Specification</a></cite>].
</p>
<a name="Informal_Description"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">4.1 Informal Description </span></h3>
<p>In many cases there is a one-to-one correspondence between the
Manchester OWL syntax and the OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax.
For example, <span class="nonterminal">dataComplementOf</span> in the
Manchester OWL syntax corresponds directly to
<span class="nonterminal">dataComplementOf</span>
in the OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax.
All that is required is to translate the keywords and adjust to a
parenthesized syntax.
</p><p>IRIs and their parts are the same in the Manchester OWL syntax and the
OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax, no change is needed for them, except that the
"special" datatypes are translated into the corresponding XML Schema
datatypes.
Literals are mostly the same, but the abbreviated syntaxes for numbers
and strings have to be translated in the obvious way.
The syntax for data ranges in the Manchester OWL syntax corresponds
exactly with the syntax in the OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax.
</p><p>The syntax for annotations in the Manchester OWL syntax closely corresponds
to the syntax in the OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax. The only special
processing that needs to be done is to determine which frame to attach
entity annotations to in the reverse mapping. Translating to the
Functional-Style syntax and back again can thus lose some non-logical
information in the Manchester syntax.
</p><p>Descriptions also correspond closely between the Manchester OWL syntax
and the OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax.
</p><p>The translation of frame axioms is performed by splitting them into pieces that
correspond to single axioms. This is done by taking each of the pieces
of the frame (Annotations:, Domain:, Range:, etc) and making new
frames for each of them. The new frame is of the same kind (Class:,
ObjectProperty:, etc.) and for the same IRI.
Then each resultant frame that contains an
AnnotatedList with more than one element is broken into a frame for each
element of the list in a similar manner.
</p><p>The resultant axioms and any miscellaneous axioms then correspond
closely to the OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax axioms
and can be directly translated. The only special cases are that
annotations directly in frames become annotations in entity
annotation axioms and that (negative) property assertions have to be
disambiguated depending on whether the property is an object property or
a data property.
</p><p>Translations of OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax axioms back to frames can be done
piecemeal or the axioms on a single entity can be all combined together,
which is done here.
</p><p>The remaining top-level constructs of an ontology (prefix declarations, imports, ontology
annotations, and the ontology name) can be directly translated.
</p>
<a name="Formal_Description_for_Mapping_to_OWL_2_Functional-Style_Syntax"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">4.2 Formal Description for Mapping to OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax </span></h3>
<p>Formally the transformation takes an ontology in the Manchester OWL
syntax and produces an ontology in the Functional-Style syntax. The
transformation needs access to the imported ontologies.
</p><p>First, for each frame in the ontology, produce the appropriate
declaration as follows:
</p>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th> Frame </th><th> Declaration
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> Class: <i>IRI</i> ... </td><td> Declaration( Class(<i>IRI</i>) )
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> ... </td><td> Declaration( ObjectProperty(<i>IRI</i>) )
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> ... </td><td> Declaration( DataProperty(<i>IRI</i>) )
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> AnnotationProperty: <i>IRI</i> ... </td><td> Declaration( AnnotationProperty(<i>IRI</i>) )
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> Individual: <i>IRI</i> ... </td><td> Declaration( NamedIndividual(<i>IRI</i>) )
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> Individual: <i>nodeID</i> ... </td><td>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Second, split up frames into single axioms in three stages.
The first stage splits apart top-level pieces of frames that have
multiple top-level pieces, transforming
F: <i>IRI</i> <i>p1</i> <i>p2</i> ...
into
F: <i>IRI p1</i> F: <i>IRI p2</i> ...
for F: one of the frame keywords (Class:, ...),
until no more transformations are possible.
The second stage splits apart the pieces of each of the top-level
pieces, transforming
F: <i>IRI</i> P: <i>s1</i> <i>s2</i> ...
into
F: <i>IRI</i> P: <i>s1</i> F: <i>IRI</i> P: <i>s2</i> ...
for P: one of the keywords immediately inside a frame
(Annotations:, SubClassOf:, ...),
until no more transformations are possible.
The third stage just removes any frame containing only an IRI.
</p><p>Next, perform the actual syntax transformation. Any piece of syntax
with no transformation listed here is just copied through.
</p>
<table border="1" style="font-size: smaller;">
<tr>
<th> Nonterminal </th><th> Form </th><th> Transformation (<i>T</i>)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">simpleIRI</span> </td><td> <i>localPart</i> </td><td> :<i>localPart</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span> </td><td> integer </td><td> xsd:integer
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span> </td><td> decimal </td><td> xsd:decimal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span> </td><td> float </td><td> xsd:float
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">Datatype</span> </td><td> string </td><td> xsd:string
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">integerLiteral</span> </td><td> <i>integer</i> </td><td> "<i>integer</i>"^^xsd:integer
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">decimalLiteral</span> </td><td> <i>decimal</i> </td><td> "<i>decimal</i>"^^xsd:decimal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">floatingPointLiteral</span> </td><td> <i>float</i> </td><td> "<i>float</i>"^^xsd:float
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteralNoLanguage</span> </td><td> <i>string</i> </td><td> <i>string</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">stringLiteralWithLanguage</span> </td><td> <i>string@tag</i> </td><td> <i>string@tag</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> length </td><td> xsd:length
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> minLength </td><td> xsd:minLength
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> maxLength </td><td> xsd:maxLength
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> pattern </td><td> xsd:pattern
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> langPattern </td><td> rdf:langPattern
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> <= </td><td> xsd:minInclusive
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> < </td><td> xsd:minExclusive
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> >= </td><td> xsd:maxInclusive
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">facet</span> </td><td> > </td><td> xsd:maxExclusive
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">datatypeRestriction</span> </td><td> <i>Datatype</i>[<i>facet-value list</i>] </td><td> DatatypeRestriction(<i>T(datatype)</i> <i>T(facet-value list)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataAtomic</span> </td><td> { <i>literal list</i> } </td><td> DataOneOf(<i>T(literal list)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataAtomic</span> </td><td> (<i>dataRange</i>) </td><td> <i>T(dataRange)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> </td><td> <i>dataAtomic</i> </td><td> <i>T(dataAtomic)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPrimary</span> </td><td> not <i>dataAtomic</i> </td><td> DataComplementOf(<i>T(dataAtomic)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataConjunction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPrimary</i> and ... </td><td> DataIntersectionOf(<i>T(dataPrimary)</i> ...)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataConjunction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPrimary</i> </td><td> <i>T(dataPrimary)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataRange</span> </td><td> <i>dataConjunction</i> or ... </td><td> DataUnionOf(<i>T(dataConjunction)</i> ...)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataRange</span> </td><td> <i>dataConjunction</i> </td><td> <i>T(dataConjunction)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">inverseObjectProperty</span> </td><td> inverse <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> </td><td> InverseObjectProperty(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">atomic</span> </td><td> {<i>individual list</i>} </td><td> ObjectOneOf(<i>T(individual list)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">atomic</span> </td><td> (<i>description</i>) </td><td> <i>T(description)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> some <i>primary</i> </td><td> ObjectSomeValuesFrom(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>T(primary)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> only <i>primary</i> </td><td> ObjectAllValuesFrom(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>T(primary)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> value <i>individual</i> </td><td> ObjectHasValue(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>individual</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> min <i>nni</i> </td><td> ObjectMinCardinality(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> min <i>nni</i> <i>primary</i> </td><td> ObjectMinCardinality(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i> <i>T(primary)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> exactly <i>nni</i> </td><td> ObjectExactCardinality(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> exactly <i>nni</i> <i>primary</i> </td><td> ObjectExactCardinality(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i> <i>T(primary)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> max <i>nni</i> </td><td> ObjectMaxCardinality(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> max <i>nni</i> <i>primary</i> </td><td> ObjectMaxCardinality(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i> <i>T(primary)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> Self </td><td> ObjectHasSelf(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> some <i>dataRange</i> </td><td> DataSomeValuesFrom(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>T(dataRange)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> only <i>dataRange</i> </td><td> DataAllValuesFrom(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>T(dataRange)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> value <i>literal</i> </td><td> DataHasValue(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>T(literal)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> min <i>nni</i> </td><td> DataMinCardinality(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> min <i>nni</i> <i>dataRange</i> </td><td> DataMinCardinality(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i> <i>T(dataRange)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> exactly <i>nni</i> </td><td> DataExactCardinality(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> exactly <i>nni</i> <i>dataRange</i> </td><td> DataExactCardinality(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i> <i>T(dataRange)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> max <i>nni</i> </td><td> DataMaxCardinality(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">restriction</span> </td><td> <i>dataPropertyExpression</i> max <i>nni</i> <i>dataRange</i> </td><td> DataMaxCardinality(<i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i> <i>nni</i> <i>T(dataRange)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> </td><td> <i>atomic</i> </td><td> <i>T(atomic)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">primary</span> </td><td> not <i>atomic</i> </td><td> ObjectComplementOf(<i>T(atomic)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">conjunction</span> </td><td> <i>classIRI</i> that <i>primary</i> ... </td><td> ObjectIntersectionOf(<i>classIRI</i> <i>T(primary)</i> ...)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">conjunction</span> </td><td> <i>primary</i> and ... </td><td> ObjectIntersectionOf(<i>T(primary)</i> ...)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">conjunction</span> </td><td> <i>primary</i> </td><td> <i>T(primary)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">description</span> </td><td> <i>conjunction</i> or ... </td><td> ObjectUnionOf(<i>T(conjunction)</i> ...)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">description</span> </td><td> <i>conjunction</i> </td><td> <i>T(conjunction)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">annotation</span> </td><td> <i>annotations</i> <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>target</i> </td><td> Annotation(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> </td><td> </td><td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">annotations</span> </td><td> Annotations: <i>annotation</i> ... </td><td> Annotation(T(<i>annotation</i>) ...
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">datatypeFrame</span> </td><td> Datatype: <i>Datatype</i> Annotations: <i>annotations</i> <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>target</i> </td><td> AnnotationAssertion(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> T(<i>Datatype</i>) T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">datatypeFrame</span> </td><td> Datatype: <i>IRI</i> EquivalentTo: <i>annotations</i> <i>dataRange</i> </td><td> DatatypeDefinition(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(dataRange)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">classFrame</span> </td><td> Class: <i>IRI</i> Annotations: <i>annotations</i> <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>target</i> </td><td> AnnotationAssertion(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>IRI</i> T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">classFrame</span> </td><td> Class: <i>IRI</i> SubClassOf: <i>annotations</i> <i>description</i> </td><td> SubClassOf(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(description)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">classFrame</span> </td><td> Class: <i>IRI</i> EquivalentTo: <i>annotations</i> <i>description</i> </td><td> EquivalentClasses(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(description)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">classFrame</span> </td><td> Class: <i>IRI</i> DisjointWith: <i>annotations</i> <i>description</i> </td><td> DisjointClasses(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(description)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">classFrame</span> </td><td> Class: <i>IRI</i> DisjointUnionOf: <i>annotations</i> <i>descriptions</i> </td><td> DisjointUnion(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(description)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">classFrame</span> </td><td> Class: <i>IRI</i> HasKey: <i>annotations</i> <i>properties</i> </td><td> HasKey(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(properties)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">other</span> </td><td> <i>properties</i> </td><td> ( <i>T(objectProperties)</i> ) ( <i>T(dataProperties)</i> ) Note: Sort the properties into object and data properties.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Annotations: <i>annotations</i> <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>target</i> </td><td> AnnotationAssertion(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>IRI</i> T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Domain: <i>annotations</i> <i>description</i> </td><td> ObjectPropertyDomain(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(description)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Range: <i>annotations</i> <i>description</i> </td><td> ObjectPropertyRange(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(description)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> Functional </td><td> ObjectFunctionalProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> InverseFunctional </td><td> ObjectInverseFunctionalProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> Reflexive </td><td> ObjectReflexiveProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> Irreflexive </td><td> ObjectIrreflexiveProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> Symmetric </td><td> ObjectSymmetricProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> Asymmetric </td><td> ObjectAsymmetricProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> Transitive </td><td> ObjectTransitiveProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> SubPropertyOf: <i>annotations</i> objectPropertyExpression </td><td> SubObjectPropertyOf(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> EquivalentTo: <i>annotations</i> objectPropertyExpression </td><td> EquivalentObjectProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> DisjointWith: <i>annotations</i> objectPropertyExpression </td><td> DisjointObjectProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> InverseOf: <i>annotations</i> objectPropertyExpression </td><td> InverseObjectProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">objectPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> ObjectProperty: <i>IRI</i> SubPropertyChain: <i>objectPropertyExpression</i> o ... </td><td> SubObjectPropertyOf(ObjectPropertyChain(<i>T(objectPropertyExpression)</i> ...) <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> Annotations: <i>annotations</i> <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>target</i> </td><td> AnnotationAssertion(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>IRI</i> T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> Domain: <i>annotations</i> <i>description</i> </td><td> DataPropertyDomain(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(description)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> Range: <i>annotations</i> <i>dataRange</i> </td><td> DataPropertyRange(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(dataRange)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> Characteristics: <i>annotations</i> Functional </td><td> FunctionalDataProperty(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> SubPropertyOf: <i>annotations</i> dataPropertyExpression </td><td> SubDataPropertyOf(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> EquivalentTo: <i>annotations</i> dataPropertyExpression </td><td> EquivalentDataProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">dataPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> DataProperty: <i>IRI</i> DisjointWith: <i>annotations</i> dataPropertyExpression </td><td> DisjointDataProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(dataPropertyExpression)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> AnnotationProperty: <i>IRI</i> Annotations: <i>annotations</i> <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>target</i> </td><td> AnnotationAssertion(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>IRI</i> T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> AnnotationProperty: <i>IRI</i> Domain: <i>annotations</i> <i>IRI</i> </td><td> AnnotationPropertyDomain(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> AnnotationProperty: <i>IRI</i> Range: <i>annotations</i> <i>IRI</i> </td><td> AnnotationPropertyRange(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">annotationPropertyFrame</span> </td><td> AnnotationProperty: <i>IRI</i> SubPropertyOf: <i>annotations</i> annotationPropertyIRI </td><td> SubAnnotationPropertyOf(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(annotationPropertyIRI)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>IRI</i> Annotations: <i>annotations</i> <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>target</i> </td><td> AnnotationAssertion(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>IRI</i> T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>nodeID</i> Annotations: <i>annotations</i> <i>annotation</i> </td><td> AnnotationAssertion(T(<i>annotations</i>) <i>annotationPropertyIRI</i> <i>nodeID</i> T(<i>target</i>))
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>individual</i> Types: <i>annotations</i> <i>description</i> </td><td> ClassAssertion(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(description)</i> <i>individual</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>individual</i> Facts: <i>annotations</i> <i>objectPropertyIRI</i> <i>individual2</i> </td><td> ObjectPropertyAssertion(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>objectPropertyIRI</i> <i>individual</i> <i>individual2</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>individual</i> Facts: <i>annotations</i> not <i>objectPropertyIRI</i> <i>individual2</i> </td><td> NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>objectPropertyIRI</i> <i>individual</i> <i>individual2</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>individual</i> Facts: <i>annotations</i> <i>dataPropertyIRI</i> <i>literal</i> </td><td> DataPropertyAssertion(<i>T(annotations)</i> dataPropertyIRI<i> </i>individual<i> </i>T(literal)<i>)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>individual</i> Facts: <i>annotations</i> not <i>dataPropertyIRI</i> <i>literal</i> </td><td> NegativeDataPropertyAssertion(<i>T(annotations)</i> dataPropertyIRI<i> </i>individual<i> </i>T(literal)<i>)</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>individual</i> SameAs: <i>annotations</i> <i>individual2</i> </td><td> SameIndividual(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>individual</i> <i>individual2</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">individualFrame</span> </td><td> Individual: <i>individual</i> DifferentFrom: <i>annotations</i> <i>individual2</i> </td><td> DifferentIndividuals(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>individual</i> <i>individual2</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> EquivalentClasses: <i>annotations</i> <i>descriptions</i> </td><td> EquivalentClasses(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(descriptions)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> DisjointClasses: <i>annotations</i> <i>descriptions</i> </td><td> DisjointClasses(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(descriptions)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> EquivalentProperties: <i>annotations</i> <i>objectProperties</i> </td><td> EquivalentObjectProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(objectProperties)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> DisjointProperties: <i>annotations</i> <i>objectProperties</i> </td><td> DisjointObjectProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(objectProperties)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> EquivalentProperties: <i>annotations</i> <i>dataProperties</i> </td><td> EquivalentDataProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(dataProperties)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> DisjointProperties: <i>annotations</i> <i>dataProperties</i> </td><td> DisjointDataProperties(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(dataProperties)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> SameIndividual: <i>annotations</i> <i>individuals</i> </td><td> SameIndividual(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>individuals</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">misc</span> </td><td> DifferentIndividuals: <i>annotations</i> <i>individuals</i> </td><td> DifferentIndividuals(<i>T(annotations)</i> <i>individuals</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">prefixDeclaration</span> </td><td> Prefix: <i>prefix</i> <i>fullIRI</i> </td><td> Prefix(<i>prefix</i> = <i>fullIRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">import</span> </td><td> Import: <i>IRI</i> </td><td> Import(<i>IRI</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">ontology</span> </td><td> Ontology: <i>IRI</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>imports</i> <i>annotations</i> <i>frames</i> </td><td> Ontology(<i>IRI</i> <i>IRI</i> <i>T(imports)</i> <i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(frames)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">ontology</span> </td><td> Ontology: <i>IRI</i> <i>imports</i> <i>annotations</i> <i>frames</i> </td><td> Ontology(<i>IRI</i> <i>T(imports)</i> <i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(frames)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">ontology</span> </td><td> Ontology: <i>imports</i> <i>annotations</i> <i>frames</i> </td><td> Ontology(<i>T(imports)</i> <i>T(annotations)</i> <i>T(frames)</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="nonterminal">ontologyDocument</span> </td><td> <i>prefixDeclarations</i> <i>ontology</i> </td><td> <i>T(prefixDeclarations)</i> <i>T(ontology)</i>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Finally, put the declarations produced in the first step into the ontology.
</p>
<a name="Formal_Description_for_Mapping_from_OWL_2_Functional-Style_Syntax"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">4.3 Formal Description for Mapping from OWL 2 Functional-Style Syntax </span></h3>
<p>The mapping from the Functional-Style Syntax back to the Manchester
Syntax essentially just runs the above translation in reverse.
</p><p>Some axioms that become part of a frame in the Manchester syntax do not need to have a name for the frame, e.g., a SubClassOf axiom between two complex descriptions, so the construction below cannot be directly used. To transform these axioms to the Manchester syntax, take a fresh name and turn the axiom into two axioms, one that makes the new name equivalent to the first piece of the axiom and the other the axiom with the sub-construct replaced by the new name. This would turn a SubClassOf axiom into an EquivalentClasses axiom plus a SubClassOf axiom.
</p><p>The basic mapping first creates a trivial frame containing only an IRI for each named class, property, and individual in the ontology.
Second, turn the Functional-Style Syntax into the Manchester Syntax by
running the syntax transformation above in reverse. The non-determinism
in the mapping of entity annotations is resolved by uniformly making
them annotations in individual frames.
Third, collapse frames for the same entity into one frame by running
that part of the forward transformation in reverse. This step does not
affect the meaning of an ontology and is thus optional.
</p>
<a name="Appendix:_Internet_Media_Type.2C_File_Extension_and_Macintosh_File_Type"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">5 Appendix: Internet Media Type, File Extension and Macintosh File Type </span></h2>
<dl><dt> Contact</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> Ivan Herman / Sandro Hawke
</dd><dt> See also</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> How to Register a Media Type for a W3C Specification [<cite><a href="#ref-register-mime" title="">Register MIME</a></cite>] and Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use [<cite><a href="#ref-mime-consistency" title="">MIME Consistency</a></cite>].
</dd></dl>
<p>The Internet Media Type / MIME Type for the OWL Manchester Syntax is
"text/owl-manchester".
</p><p>It is recommended that OWL Manchester Syntax files have the extension
".omn" (all lowercase) on all platforms.
</p><p>It is recommended that OWL Manchester Syntax files stored on Macintosh
HFS file systems be given a file type of "TEXT".
</p><p>The information that follows will be submitted to the IESG for review,
approval, and registration with IANA.
</p>
<dl><dt> Type name</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> text
</dd><dt> Subtype name</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> owl-manchester
</dd><dt> Required parameters</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> None
</dd><dt> Optional parameters</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> charset This parameter may be required when transfering non-ascii data across some protocols. If present, the value of charset is always UTF-8.
</dd><dt> Encoding considerations</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> The syntax of the OWL Manchester Syntax is expressed over code points in Unicode [<cite><a href="#ref-unicode" title="">UNICODE</a></cite>]. The encoding is always UTF-8 [<cite><a href="#ref-rfc-3629" title="">RFC 3629</a></cite>].
</dd><dt> Security considerations</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> The OWL Manchester Syntax uses IRIs as term identifiers. Applications interpreting data expressed in the OWL Manchester Syntax should address the security issues of Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) [<cite><a href="#ref-rfc-3987" title="">RFC 3987</a></cite>] Section 8, as well as Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax [<cite><a href="#ref-rfc-3986" title="">RFC3986</a></cite>] Section 7. Multiple IRIs may have the same appearance. Characters in different scripts may look similar (a Cyrillic "o" may appear similar to a Latin "o"). A character followed by combining characters may have the same visual representation as another character (LATIN SMALL LETTER E followed by COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT has the same visual representation as LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE). Any person or application that is writing or interpreting data in the OWL Manchester Syntax must take care to use the IRI that matches the intended semantics, and avoid IRIs that may look similar. Further information about matching of similar characters can be found in Unicode Security Considerations [<cite><a href="#ref-unisec" title="">UNISEC</a></cite>] and Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) [<cite><a href="#ref-rfc-3987" title="">RFC 3987</a></cite>] Section 8.
</dd><dt> Interoperability considerations</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> There are no known interoperability issues.
</dd><dt> Published specification</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> This specification.
</dd><dt> Applications which use this media type</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> This media type is used by Protege 4.
</dd><dt> Additional information</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> None.
</dd><dt> Magic number(s)</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> OWL Manchester Syntax documents may have the strings 'Prefix:' or 'Ontology:' (case dependent) near the beginning of the document.
</dd><dt> File extension(s)</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> ".omn"
</dd><dt> Base URI</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> There are no constructs in the OWL Manchester Syntax to change the Base URI.
</dd><dt> Macintosh file type code(s)</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> "TEXT"
</dd><dt> Person & email address to contact for further information</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> Ivan Herman, ivan@w3.org / Sandro Hawke, sandro@w3.org. Please send technical comments and questions about OWL to public-owl-comments@w3.org, a mailing list with a public archive at <a class="external free" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-owl-comments/" title="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-owl-comments/">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-owl-comments/</a>
</dd><dt> Intended usage</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> COMMON
</dd><dt> Restrictions on usage</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> None
</dd><dt> Author/Change controller</dt><dd>
</dd><dd> The OWL Mancheser Syntax is the product of the W3C OWL Working Group in cooperation with OWL ontology tool builders; the specification may be extended by groups of OWL tool builders; W3C reserves change control over this specification.
</dd></dl>
<div id="changelog">
<a name="Appendix:_Change_Log_.28Informative.29"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">6 Appendix: Change Log (Informative) </span></h2>
<a name="Changes_Since_Previous_Working_Draft"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">6.1 Changes Since Previous Working Draft </span></h3>
<p>This section summarizes the changes to this document since the <a class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-manchester-syntax-20090611/" title="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-manchester-syntax-20090611/">Working Draft of 11 June, 2009</a>.
</p>
<ul><li> The names of two non-terminals were changed. This change does not affect the language and was made to align the names of the non-terminals with the names used elsewhere.
</li></ul>
</div>
<a name="References"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">7 References </span></h2>
<a name="Normative_References"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">7.1 Normative References </span></h3>
<dl><dt> <span id="ref-bcp-47">[BCP 47]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt" title="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt">BCP 47 - Tags for Identifying Languages</a></cite>. A. Phillips and M. Davis, eds. IETF, September 2006. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-owl-2-specification">[OWL 2 Specification]</span>
</dt><dd><span><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-syntax-20091027/">OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: <span>Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax</span></a></cite> Boris Motik, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Bijan Parsia, eds. W3C Recommendation, 27 October 2009, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-syntax-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-syntax-20091027/</a>. Latest version available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-syntax/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-syntax/</a>.</span></dd><dt> <span id="ref-rdf-testcases">[RDF Test Cases]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-testcases-20040210/" title="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-testcases-20040210/">RDF Test Cases</a></cite>. Jan Grant and Dave Beckett, eds. W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-testcases-20040210/. Latest version available as http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/.
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-rfc-3629">[<a class="external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629" title="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629">RFC 3629</a>]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt" title="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt">RFC 3629: UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</a></cite>. F. Yergeau. IETF, November 2003, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-rfc-3987">[RFC 3987]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt" title="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">RFC 3987: Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</a></cite>. M. Duerst and M. Suignard. IETF, January 2005, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-sparql">[SPARQL]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/" title="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/">SPARQL Query Language for RDF</a></cite>. Eric Prud'hommeaux and Andy Seaborne, eds. W3C Recommendation, 15 January 2008, http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/. Latest version available as http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/.
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-unicode">[UNICODE]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/" title="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/">The Unicode Standard</a></cite>. The Unicode Consortium, Version 5.1.0, ISBN 0-321-48091-0, as updated from time to time by the publication of new versions. (See <a class="external free" href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/" title="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/">http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/</a> for the latest version and additional information on versions of the standard and of the Unicode Character Database).
</dd></dl>
<a name="Non-normative_References"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">7.2 Non-normative References </span></h3>
<dl><dt> <span id="ref-manchester-owl-dl">[Manchester OWL DL Syntax]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.webont.org/owled/2006/acceptedLong/submission_9.pdf" title="http://www.webont.org/owled/2006/acceptedLong/submission_9.pdf">The Manchester OWL Syntax</a></cite>. Matthew Horridge, Nick Drummond, John Goodwin, Alan Rector, Robert Stevens, and Hai H. Wang. OWL Experiences and Directions Workshop, 2006.
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-mime-consistency">[MIME Consistency]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2004/0430-mime" title="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2004/0430-mime">Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use</a></cite>. Tim Bray, ed. W3C TAG Finding, 30 April 2004.
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-owl-1-semantics-and-abstract-syntax">[OWL 1 Semantics and Abstract Syntax]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" title="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/">OWL Web Ontology Language: Semantics and Abstract Syntax</a></cite>. Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Patrick Hayes, and Ian Horrocks, eds. W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/. Latest version available at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/.
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-owl-2-primer">[OWL 2 Primer]</span>
</dt><dd><span><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/">OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: <span>Primer</span></a></cite> Pascal Hitzler, Markus Krötzsch, Bijan Parsia, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Sebastian Rudolph, eds. W3C Recommendation, 27 October 2009, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-primer-20091027/</a>. Latest version available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-primer/</a>.</span></dd><dt> <span id="ref-owl-2-xml-serialization">[OWL 2 XML Serialization]</span>
</dt><dd><span><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-xml-serialization-20091027/">OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: <span>XML Serialization</span></a></cite> Boris Motik, Bijan Parsia, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, eds. W3C Recommendation, 27 October 2009, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-xml-serialization-20091027/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-xml-serialization-20091027/</a>. Latest version available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-xml-serialization/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-xml-serialization/</a>.</span></dd><dt> <span id="ref-protege-4">[Protégé 4]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/index.php/Protege4UserDocs" title="http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/index.php/Protege4UserDocs">Protégé 4 User Documentation</a></cite>. October 2008. http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/index.php/Protege4UserDocs
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-rdf-syntax">[RDF Syntax]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/" title="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/">RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)</a></cite>. Dave Beckett, ed. W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/. Latest version available as http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/.
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-register-mime">[Register MIME]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype" title="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype">Register an Internet Media Type for a W3C Spec</a></cite>. Philippe Le Hégaret, ed. W3C Guidebook.
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-rfc-3986">[<a class="external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986" title="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC 3986</a>]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt" title="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a></cite>. T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter. IETF, January 2005, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-topbraid-composer">[TopBraid Composer]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.topquadrant.com/topbraid/composer/" title="http://www.topquadrant.com/topbraid/composer/">TopBraid Composer Home Page</a></cite>. TopQuadrant, October 2008. http://www.topquadrant.com/topbraid/composer/
</dd><dt> <span id="ref-unisec">[UNISEC]</span>
</dt><dd> <cite><a class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-7.html" title="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-7.html">Unicode Security Considerations</a></cite>. Mark Davis and Michel Suignard. Unicode technical report 36, 23 July 2008, http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/tr36-7.html. Latest version available as http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/.
</dd></dl>
</body>
</html>