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<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img width="72" height="48" alt="W3C" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" /></a></p>

<h1><a id="title" name="title">Evaluation and Report Language (<acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>) 1.0</a> Schema</h1>

<h2><a id="w3c-doctype" name="w3c-doctype"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Working Draft 23 March 2007</a></h2>

<dl>
  <dt>This version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-EARL10-Schema-20070323">http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-EARL10-Schema-20070323</a></dd>
  <dt>Latest version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/">http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/</a></dd>
  <dt>Previous version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-EARL10-Schema-20060927">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-EARL10-Schema-20060927</a></dd>
  <dt>Editors:</dt>
    <dd>Shadi Abou-Zahra, <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</acronym></dd>
</dl>

<p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> &#169; 2007 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>&#174;</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p>
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<div id="abs">
<h2><a id="abstract" name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>

<p>This document describes the formal schema of the Evaluation and Report Language (<acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>) 1.0. The Evaluation and Report Language is a standardized vocabulary to express test results. The primary motivation for developing this language is to facilitate the exchange of test results between Web accessibility evaluation tools in a vendor neutral and platform independent format. It also provides reusable vocabulary for generic quality assurance and validation purposes. While this document focuses on the technical details of the specification, a companion document [<a href="#ref-guide">Guide</a>] describes the motivations for <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> and provides a tutorial introduction to its use.</p>
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<h2><a id="status" name="status">Status of this document</a></h2>

<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>

<p>This 23 March 2007 Last Call Working Draft of the Evaluation and Report Language (<acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>) 1.0 Schema is an update of the previous <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-EARL10-Schema-20060927/"><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Working Draft of 27 September 2006</a>. It meets the requirements specified in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Requirements/">Requirements for the Evaluation and Report Language (<acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>) 1.0</a>, and incorporates change requests received since the September 2006 Working Draft. In particular, this draft implements the decisions of the <acronym title="Evaluation and Repair Tools">ERT</acronym> Working Group at its face to face meeting in February 2007 (see history of <a href="#history">document changes</a>). This document is intended to be published and maintained as a <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation after review and refinement.</p>

<p>The <acronym title="Evaluation and Repair Tools">ERT</acronym> Working Group believes it has addressed all issues brought forth through previous Working Draft iterations and is looking for feedback on the maturity of this language from the broadest audience possible. Specifically, the Working Group encourages feedback about this document, Evaluation and Report Language (<acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>) 1.0 Schema, by developers and researchers who have interest in software-supported evaluation and validation of Web sites. Feedback from developers and researchers who have interest in Semantic Web technologies for content description, annotation, and adaptation is also strongly encouraged. Information on the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> document stages following Last Call Working Draft is available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/w3c-process.php">How <acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</acronym> Develops Accessibility Guidelines through the <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Process</a>.</p>

<p>Please send comments on this document by 20 April 2007 at the latest to the public email list of the working group <a href="mailto:public-wai-ert@w3.org">public-wai-ert@w3.org</a>. The <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-wai-ert/">archives of the working group mailing list</a> are publicly available.</p>

<p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p>

<p>This document has been produced by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/">Evaluation and Repair Tools Working Group</a> as part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/Technical/Activity"><acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</acronym> Technical Activity</a>.</p>

<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Patent Policy</a>. <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> maintains a <a rel="disclosure" href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32094/status">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>. </p>
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<div id="toc">
<h2><a id="contents" name="contents" accesskey="c">Table of Contents</a></h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
    <strong>(Non-Normative)</strong>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#testresults">1.1. Structure of <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> Results</a> <strong>(Non-Normative)</strong></li>
      <li><a href="#conventions">1.2. Document Conventions and Audience</a></li>
      <li><a href="#rdf-vocabs">1.3. About <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Vocabularies</a> <strong>(Non-Normative)</strong></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#vocabulary">Core Vocabulary</a>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#assertion">2.1. Assertion</a></li>
      <li><a href="#assertor">2.2. Assertor</a>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#singleassertor">2.2.1. Single Assertor</a></li>
          <li><a href="#compoundassertor">2.2.1. Compound Assertor</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#testsubject">2.3. Test Subject</a></li>
      <li><a href="#testcriterion">2.4. Test Criterion</a></li>
      <li><a href="#testmode">2.5. Test Mode</a></li>
      <li><a href="#testresult">2.6. Test Result</a>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#outcomevalue">2.6.1. Outcome Value</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#software">2.7. Software Tool</a></li>
      <li><a href="#content">2.8. Content</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#conformance">Conformance</a></li>
</ol>

<h3><a name="appendices" id="appendices"></a>Appendices</h3>
<ol type="A">
  <li><a href="#schema-rdf"><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Schema in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>/<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym></a></li>
  <li><a href="#terms-list"><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Terms</a> <strong>(Non-Normative)</strong></li>
  <li><a href="#history">Document Changes</a> <strong>(Non-Normative)</strong></li>
  <li><a href="#references">References</a> <strong>(Non-Normative)</strong></li>
  <li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a> <strong>(Non-Normative)</strong></li>
</ol>
</div>
<hr />

<!--// introduction //-->
<div id="intro">
<h2><a id="introduction" name="introduction">1. Introduction</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>

<p class="note">[Editor's note: this section will be synchronized with the <em><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Guide [<a href="#ref-guide">Guide</a>]</em> as it is being developed.]</p>

<p>The Evaluation and Report Language (<acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>) is a format to express test results. Test results include bug reports, test suite evaluations, and conformance claims. The test subject might be a Web site, an authoring tool, a user agent or some other entity. Thus, <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> is flexible. It enables any person, entity, or organization to state test results for any <em>thing</em> tested against any set of criteria.</p>

<p>Stating test results in <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> creates a variety of opportunities. The data can be:</p>
<ul>
  <li>aggregated from different sources,</li>
  <li>exchanged between different tools,</li>
  <li>used to create customized reports,</li>
  <li>combined to compare how different test subjects fared on the same test.</li>
</ul>

<p>A companion document [<a href="#ref-guide">Guide</a>] to this specification provides more introductory material and explanation of the use cases for <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>.</p>

<h3><a id="testresults" name="testresults">1.1. Structure of <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> Results</a> (Non-Normative)</h3>

<p><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> statements contain the following types of information:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Assertor</dt>
    <dd>This can include information about who or what ran the test. For example human evaluators, automated accessibility checkers, or combinations of these.</dd>
  <dt>Test Subject</dt>
    <dd>This can include Web content (such as Web pages, videos, applets, etc.), software (such as accessibility checkers, validators, user agents, etc.), or other <em>things</em> being tested.</dd>
  <dt>Test Criterion</dt>
    <dd>What are we evaluating the test subject against? This could be a specification, a set of guidelines, a test from a test suite, or some other testable statement.</dd>
  <dt>Test Result</dt>
    <dd>What was the outcome of the test? Which parts of the test subject were significant for the outcome of the test?</dd>
</dl>

<p>Prose examples that demonstrate the above structure:</p>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-1" id="example-1">Example 1</a>:</strong> A person carries out a manual evaluation of a Web page against a Test Criterion.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Assertor</dt>
    <dd>Bob B. Bobbington</dd>
  <dt>Test Subject</dt>
    <dd>A Web page located at <code>http://www.example.org/page.html</code></dd>
  <dt>Test Criterion</dt>
    <dd>Checkpoint 1.1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0</dd>
  <dt>Test Result</dt>
    <dd>Passed</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-2" id="example-2">Example 2</a>:</strong> A software carries out automated evaluation of a Web page against a Test Criterion.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Assertor</dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Markup Validator located at <code>http://validator.w3.org/</code></dd>
  <dt>Test Subject</dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Extensible Hyptertext Markup Language">XHTML</acronym> returned from a GET request to the <acronym title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</acronym> <code>http://www.example.org/page.html</code> at <code>2004-04-14T14:00:04+1000</code></dd>
  <dt>Test Criterion</dt>
    <dd>The validity of the <acronym title="Extensible Hyptertext Markup Language">XHTML</acronym> code</dd>
  <dt>Test Result</dt>
    <dd>Failed, the <code>&lt;li&gt;</code> element on line 53, char 7 was not closed.</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> It is important to consider potential security and privacy issues when using <acronym title="Evaluation And Report Language">EARL</acronym>. For instance, the test results expressed in <acronym title="Evaluation And Report Language">EARL</acronym> could potentially contain sensitive information such as the internal directory structure of a Web server, parts of restricted Web pages, or testing modalities. The scope of this document is limited to defining the core <acronym title="Evaluation And Report Language">EARL</acronym> vocabulary, security and privacy considerations need to be made at the application level. For example, certain parts of the data may be restricted to appropriate user permissions or obfuscated.</p>

<h3><a name="conventions" id="conventions">1.2. Document Conventions and Audience</a></h3>

<h4><a name="editorial" id="editorial">Editorial Comments</a> (Non-Normative)</h4>

<p>There are a few known issues in this draft, that need to be resolved in future drafts. Comments are specifically requested on any of these issues, which are marked as follows:</p>

<p class="note">[Editor's note: the working group has some specific questions, or areas on which they request feedback.]</p>

<p>This subsection will be removed from the final version of the document, and editorial comments will have been resolved.</p>

<h4><a name="audience" id="audience">Audience of this document</a> (Non-Normative)</h4>

<p>This document is intended as a brief complete specification of the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 vocabulary. It assumes that the reader is familiar with the ideas of <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> and can read its XML serialization as bare code. The assumed audience is developers who are implementing <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> in software or processes, or are seeking to understand the ideas, models, or properties and classes used in the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> vocabulary. Readers who would like a more tutorial introduction to the language, with more explanation of its foreseen use cases, are referred to the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Guide [<a href="#ref-guide">Guide</a>]. Readers who wish to understand more about <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> are advised to consider reading a general introduction, or reading the <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Primer [<a href="#ref-rdf-primer">RDF-PRIMER</a>].</p>

<h4><a name="keywords" id="keywords">Keywords</a></h4>

<p>The keywords <strong class="keyword">must</strong>, <strong class="keyword">required</strong>, <strong class="keyword">recommended</strong>, <strong class="keyword">should</strong>, <strong class="keyword">may</strong>, and <strong class="keyword">optional</strong> are used in accordance with RFC 2119 [<a href="#ref-rfc2119"><acronym title="Request For Comments">RFC</acronym>2119</a>].</p>

<h4><a name="namespaces" id="namespaces">Namespaces</a></h4>

<p>The namespace for <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> as specified in this draft is <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#</code> <span class="note">[Editor's note: namespace document will be added at this <acronym title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</acronym> pending <acronym title="Working Group">WG</acronym> decision]</span>.</p>

<p>Where <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> terms are used in their abbreviated form (e.g. <code>Assertion</code> or <code>foaf:Person</code>), if no namespace is provided the term is in the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> namespace. The following prefixes are used in examples throughout this document:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code>earl</code></dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#</code> which is described in this document</dd>
  <dt><code>dc</code></dt>
    <dd>The Dublin Core elements namespace <code>http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/</code> whose terms are described in [<a href="#ref-dc"><acronym title="Dublin Core">DC</acronym></a>]</dd>
  <dt><code>dct</code></dt>
    <dd>The Dublin Core terms namespace <code>http://purl.org/dc/terms/</code> described at [<a href="#ref-dct"><acronym title="Dublin Core">DCT</acronym>]</a></dd>
  <dt><code>foaf</code></dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Friend of a Friend">FOAF</acronym> namespace <code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/</code> which is also where the terms are described [<a href="#ref-foaf"><acronym title="Friend of a Friend">FOAF</acronym></a>]</dd>
  <dt><code>http</code></dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2006/http#</code> described in [<a href="#ref-http"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym></a>]</dd>
  <dt><code>owl</code></dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Ontology Web Language">OWL</acronym> namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#</code> described in [<a href="#ref-owl"><acronym title="Ontology Web Language">OWL</acronym></a>]</dd>
  <dt><code>ptr</code></dt>
    <dd>The Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> namespace <!--// <code>http://www.w3.org/2007/ptr#</code> //--> described in [<a href="#ref-ptrs">Pointers</a>]</dd>
  <dt><code>rdf</code></dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</code> described in [<a href="#ref-rdf"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym></a>]</dd>
  <dt><code>rdfs</code></dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Schema namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#</code> described in [<a href="#ref-rdfs"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework Schema">RDFS</acronym></a>]</dd>
  <dt><code>xsd</code></dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Extensible Markup Language Schema">XMLS</acronym> namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#</code> described in [<a href="#ref-xmls"><acronym title="Extensible Markup Language Schema">XMLS</acronym></a>]</dd>
</dl>

<h3><a id="rdf-vocabs" name="rdf-vocabs">1.3. About <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Vocabularies</a> (Non-Normative)</h3>

<p><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> is defined as an <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> vocabulary. The Resource Description Framework (<acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>) is a general-purpose language for describing information in a way that is <em>machine-understandable</em>.</p>

<p><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> is an <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> vocabulary used to make statements about how a resource performed against a test. In common with other <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> it assumes that other vocabularies will be used as appropriate.</p>

<p>For more information on <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>, please refer to the following references:</p>
<ul>
  <li><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Primer [<a href="#ref-rdf-primer">RDF-PRIMER</a>]</li>
  <li>Resource Description Framework (<acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>) Model and Syntax Specification [<a href="#ref-rdf"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym></a>]</li>
  <li>Why <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> model is different from the XML model [<a href="#ref-rdf-xml-diffs">RDF-XML-DIFFS</a>]</li>
</ul>
</div>

<!--// core vocabulary //-->
<div id="core">
<h2><a name="vocabulary" id="vocabulary">2. Core Vocabulary</a></h2>

<p>The <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 specification defines an <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Vocabulary that consists of classes and properties. This section describes the core vocabulary and gives brief examples of its usage. Later sections describe the <a href="#conformance">conformance to <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0</a> and list the <a href="#terms-list"><acronym title="Evaluation And Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Terms</a>.</p>

<h3><a name="assertion" id="assertion">2.1. Assertion</a></h3>

<p>An <em>Assertion</em> is a statement about the results of performing a test. The <code><a href="#terms-classes-assertion">earl:Assertion</a></code> class relates the required instances of an <em>Assertor</em>, <em>Test Subject</em>, <em>Test Criterion</em>, and <em>Test Result</em> to a specific <em>Assertion</em>. Each <em>Assertion</em> represents a single statement about a test that was carried out, see the section on <a href="#conformance">conformance</a> for more information about the <acronym title="Evaluation And Report Language">EARL</acronym> model.</p>

<p>An <em>Assertion</em> <strong class="keyword">must</strong> have exactly one instance of each of the following properties:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-assertedby">earl:assertedBy</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The <em><a href="#assertor">Assertor</a></em> is a human or software, or groups of these, that determine the result.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-subject">earl:subject</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The thing that is being tested against some test criterion is the <em><a href="#testsubject">Subject</a></em> of the assertion.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-test">earl:test</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The  <em><a href="#testcriterion">Test Criterion</a></em> that is used to test a Test Subject of the assertion.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-result">earl:result</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The <em><a href="#testresult">Result</a></em> of the test - whether the subject passes or fails the test criterion (or there is some other result).</dd>
</dl>

<p>An <em>Assertion</em> <strong class="keyword">may</strong> also include at most one instance of the following <strong class="keyword">optional</strong> property:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-mode">earl:mode</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The <em><a href="#testmode">mode</a></em> in which the test was performed - as an automated computer process, by a human, or otherwise.</dd>
</dl>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-3" id="example-3">Example 3</a>:</strong> Instance of an assertion expressed as an <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>/<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> fragment.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Assertion rdf:about="#assertion"&gt;
  &lt;earl:assertedBy rdf:resource="#assertor"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:subject rdf:resource="#subject"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:test rdf:resource="#testcase"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:result rdf:resource="#result"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:Assertion&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="assertor" id="assertor">2.2. Assertor</a></h3>

<p>An <em>Assertor</em> determines the results of a test (i.e. an assertor asserts and assertion). An <code><a href="#terms-classes-assertor">earl:Assertor</a></code> instance <strong class="keyword">must</strong> belong to one of the following types:</p>
<ul>
  <li><a href="#singleassertor">Single Assertor</a> described by <code><a href="#terms-classes-singleassertor">earl:SingleAssertor</a></code></li>
  <li><a href="#compoundassertor">Compound Assertor</a> described by <code><a href="#terms-classes-compoundassertor">earl:CompoundAssertor</a></code></li>
</ul>

<h3><a name="singleassertor" id="singleassertor">2.2.1. Single Assertor</a></h3>
<p>A <em>Single Assertor</em> is a single <em>entity</em> responsible for making the Assertion. Such an <em>entity</em> could be a single human, tool, or whole groups such as organizations. An <code><a href="#terms-classes-singleassertor">earl:SingleAssertor</a></code> instance <strong class="keyword">must</strong> be one of the following types:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code>foaf:Agent</code></dt>
    <dd>The assertor is an Agent, as defined in [<a href="#ref-foaf"><acronym title="Friend of a Friend">FOAF</acronym></a>]. Any subclass of <code>foaf:Agent</code> can be used, however it is <strong class="keyword">recommended</strong> to use the widely deployed <code>foaf:Person</code> and <code>foaf:Organization</code> classes as follows:
      <dl>
        <dt><code>foaf:Person</code></dt>
          <dd>The assertor is a human being. There <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be identifying information including a name, and a uniquely identifying property such as an email address or preferably an encrypted email address. The properties <code>foaf:name</code>, <code>foaf:mbox</code> and <code>foaf:mbox_sha1sum</code> <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be used to provide this information.</dd>
        <dt><code>foaf:Organization</code></dt>
          <dd>The assertor represents an organization. There <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be identifying information including a name, and a uniquely identifying property such as a home page. The properties <code>foaf:name</code>, <code>foaf:homepage</code> <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be used to provide this information.</dd>
      </dl>
    </dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-classes-software">earl:Software</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The assertor is a piece of <em><a href="#software">Software</a></em>, such as a black box testing tool of some sort or an evaluation tool.</dd>
</dl>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-4" id="example-4">Example 4</a>:</strong> A <em>Single Assertor</em> that is a person called <em>Bob B. Bobbington</em>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;foaf:Person rdf:about="#bob"&gt;
  &lt;foaf:name&gt;Bob B. Bobbington&lt;/foaf:name&gt;
  &lt;foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:bob@example.org"/&gt;
  &lt;foaf:mbox_sha1sum&gt;1a9daad476f0158b81bc66b7b27b438b4b4c19c0&lt;/foaf:mbox_sha1sum&gt;
&lt;/foaf:Person&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-5" id="example-5">Example 5</a>:</strong> A <em>Single Assertor</em> that is a piece of software called <em>Cool Tool</em>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Software rdf:about="#tool"&gt;
  &lt;dc:title xml:lang="en"&gt;Cool Tool&lt;/dc:title&gt;
  &lt;dc:description xml:lang="en"&gt;My favorite tool!&lt;/dc:description&gt;
  &lt;foaf:homepage rdf:resource="http://example.org/tools/#cool"/&gt;
  &lt;dct:hasVersion&gt;1.0.3&lt;/dct:hasVersion&gt;
&lt;/earl:Software&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="compoundassertor" id="compoundassertor">2.2.2. Compound Assertor</a></h3>

<p>A <em>Compound Assertor</em> is a group of two or more <em>entities</em> that are responsible for making an assertion. Each group of entities <strong class="keyword">must</strong> have at least one primary <em>Assertor</em> identified by the <code><a href="#terms-properties-mainassertor">earl:mainAssertor</a></code> property, and <strong class="keyword">may</strong>, have secondary <em>Assertor</em> identified by the <code><a href="#terms-properties-helpassertor">earl:helpAssertor</a></code> property, as well as <strong class="keyword">optional</strong> title and description identified by the [<a href="#ref-dc"><acronym title="Dublin Core">DC</acronym></a>] <code>dc:title</code> and <code>dc:description</code> properties respectively.</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> since the range of both the <code><a href="#terms-properties-mainassertor">earl:mainAssertor</a></code> and the <code><a href="#terms-properties-helpassertor">earl:helpAssertor</a></code> properties of the <em>Compound Assertor</em> reference <code><a href="#terms-classes-assertor">earl:Assertor</a></code> classes, these instances can be a <em>Person</em>, <em>Agent</em>, <em>Software</em>, or recursively another <em>Compound Assertor</em>. If all entities in a group contributed equally to determining the result, for example a group of humans carrying out end-user testing of accessibility features, then these are all considered <em>main assertors</em> without any <em>help assertors</em>.</p>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-6" id="example-6">Example 6</a>:</strong> A <em>Compound Assertor</em> of the person from <a href="#example-4">example 4</a> using the software from <a href="#example-5">example 5</a>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:compoundAssertor rdf:about="#assertor"&gt;
  &lt;dc:title xml:lang="en"&gt;Bob using Cool Tool&lt;/dc:title&gt;
  &lt;dc:description xml:lang="en"&gt;Bob doing semi-automated testing&lt;/dc:description&gt;
  &lt;earl:mainAssertor rdf:resource="#bob"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:helpAssertor rdf:resource="#tool"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:compoundAssertor&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="testsubject" id="testsubject">2.3. Test Subject</a></h3>

<p>The <em>Test Subject</em> is the class of things that have been tested. This class is intentionally generic to serve a wide variety of usages. For more specific use cases, the <em><a href="#content">Content</a></em> or <em><a href="#software">Software</a></em> classes <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be used in place.</p>

<p>The <code><a href="#terms-classes-testsubject">earl:TestSubject</a></code> class <strong class="keyword">may</strong> have instances of the following properties:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code>dc:title</code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable title for the subject</dd>
  <dt><code>dc:description</code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable description of the subject</dd>
  <dt><code>dc:date</code></dt>
    <dd>Date to describe the subject as closely as possible (see not below)</dd>
  <dt><code>dct:hasPart</code></dt>
    <dd>Relationship to other subjects that are part of this subject</dd>
  <dt><code>dct:isPartOf</code></dt>
    <dd>Relationship to other subjects of which this subject is a part of</dd>
</dl>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> the <code>dc:date</code> property is used to describe the test subject as a means of versioning it for later comparison with other versions of the content. The date <strong class="keyword">should</strong> reflect the creation date of the subject if available, or otherwise the date on which the subject was identified. The <em><a href="#content">Content</a></em> class makes more specific assumptions of the usage of this property.</p>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-7" id="example-7">Example 7</a>:</strong> A group of pages that have been tested together as a single subject.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestSubject rdf:about="http://www.example.org/"&gt;
  &lt;dc:title xml:lang="en"&gt;example.org Web site&lt;/dc:title&gt; 
  &lt;dc:description xml:lang="en"&gt;Each page on the example.org Web site&lt;/dc:description&gt; 
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/style.css"/&gt; 
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/page1.html"/&gt; 
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/page2.html"/&gt; 
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/page3.html"/&gt; 
&lt;/earl:TestSubject&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="testcriterion" id="testcriterion">2.4. Test Criterion</a></h3>

<p>A <em>Test Criterion</em> is a testable statement, usually one that can be passed or failed. It is a super class for all types of tests including things such as validation requirements, code test cases, checkpoints from guidelines such as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 [<a href="#ref-wcag10">WCAG10</a>], or others.</p>

<p>While the generic <code><a href="#terms-classes-testcriterion">earl:TestCriterion</a></code> class can be used directly, one of the following types <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be used:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-classes-testrequirement">earl:TestRequirement</a></code></dt>
    <dd>A higher-level requirement that is tested by executing one or more sub-tests. For example <acronym title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">WCAG</acronym> 1.0 Checkpoint 1.1 which is tested by executing several sub-tests and combining the results.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-classes-testcase">earl:TestCase</a></code></dt>
    <dd>An atomic test, usually one that is a partial test for a requirement. For example, checking if an image has an <code>alt</code> attribute which could be part of testing <acronym title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">WCAG</acronym> 1.0 Checkpoint 1.1.</dd>
</dl>

<p>A <em>Test Criterion</em> may be a single test, or part of a larger compound test suite. These relations <strong class="keyword">may</strong> be described using Dublin Core's <code>dct:hasPart</code> or <code>dct:isPartOf</code> properties. Additionally, a title or description for the Test Criterion <strong class="keyword">may</strong> be included by using the Dublin Core <code>dc:title</code> or <code>dc:description</code> properties.</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> where possible, the <em>Test Criterion</em> class <strong class="keyword">should</strong> try to reuse publicly available and preferably commonly accepted <acronym title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</acronym>s for test requirements and test cases. Reusing publicly available <acronym title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</acronym>s such as these provided by <acronym title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">WCAG</acronym> facilitates the interoperability and exchange of reports between different tools.</p>

<p class="note">[Editor's note: The <code><a href="#terms-classes-testcriterion">earl:TestCriterion</a></code>, <code><a href="#terms-classes-testrequirement">earl:TestRequirement</a></code>, and <code><a href="#terms-classes-testcase">earl:TestCase</a></code> classes are included for convenience, since this allows various useful properties to be described in simple standard <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>. The working group will deprecate these classes if they find an appropriate replacement from a language designed for describing Test Criterion (including test requirements and test cases), something which is beyond the scope of the current specification.]</p>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-8" id="example-8">Example 8</a>:</strong> Description of a <acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> 1 test case and its relationship to the test suite.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestCase rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS1/20070302/sec21.htm"&gt;
  &lt;dc:title xml:lang="en"&gt;<acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> 1 Test Suite: 2.1 anchor&lt;/dc:title&gt;
  &lt;dc:description xml:lang="en"&gt;Test for <acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> 1 Section 2.1 Anchor pseudo-classes&lt;/dc:description&gt;
  &lt;dct:isPartOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS1/20070302/"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestCase&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-9" id="example-9">Example 9</a>:</strong> Description of a <acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> 1 requirement and its relationship to the specification.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestRequirement rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1#anchor-pseudo-classes"&gt;
  &lt;dc:title xml:lang="en"&gt;<acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> 1 Section 2.1 Anchor pseudo-classes&lt;/dc:title&gt;
  &lt;dc:description xml:lang="en"&gt;Conformance to <acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> 1 Section 2.1 Anchor pseudo-classes &lt;/dc:description&gt;
  &lt;dct:isPartOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestCase&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="testmode" id="testmode">2.5. Test Mode</a></h3>

<p>The (optional) <em>Test Mode</em> information is used to simplify some commonly used queries on how the testing was carried out. When provided, it <strong class="keyword">must</strong> reflect the information provided by the <em><a href="#assertor">Assertor</a></em>, and it <strong class="keyword">must</strong> be exactly one of the following pre-defined values (or subclasses of them):</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-manual">earl:manual</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Where the test was performed based on a person's judgement. This includes the case where that judgement was aided through the use of a software tool, although this <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be additionally noted through the <code><a href="#terms-classes-compoundassertor">earl:compoundAssertor</a></code> class of the <em><a href="#assertor">Assertor</a></em>.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-automatic">earl:automatic</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Where a software tool has carried out the test automatically without any human intervention.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-semiautomatic">earl:semiAutomatic</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Where a software tool was primarily responsible for generating a result, even if with some human assistance. This <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be additionally noted through the <code><a href="#terms-classes-compoundassertor">earl:compoundAssertor</a></code> class of the <em><a href="#assertor">Assertor</a></em>.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-notavailable">earl:notAvailable</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Where a combination of persons and/or software tools was used to carry out the test, but there is no detailed information about the primary responsibility for determining the outcome of the test. This includes when testing is carried out by organizations or groups of assertors, and the exact testing process is not disclosed.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-heuristic">earl:heuristic</a></code></dt>
    <dd>This property was designed to cover assertions which are made by inference, for example based on several existing test results.</dd>
</dl>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-10" id="example-10">Example 10</a>:</strong> The assertion from <a href="#example-3">example 3</a> was carried out in semi-automatic mode.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Assertion rdf:about="#assertion"&gt;
  &lt;earl:mode rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#semiAutomatic"/&gt; 
&lt;/earl:Assertion&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="testresult" id="testresult">2.6. Test Result</a></h3>

<p>The actual result of the test. It includes both machine-readable values as well as human-readable description of the results (typically error messages).</p>

<p>A <em>Test Result</em> <strong class="keyword">must</strong> have exactly one instance of the <code><a href="#terms-properties-outcome">earl:outcome</a></code> property to provide a machine-readable <em><a href="#outcomevalue">Outcome Value</a></em> value that describes the result. A <em>Test Result</em> <strong class="keyword">should</strong> also include instances the following properties:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code>dc:title</code></dt>
    <dd>A short title for the result, for example the error code generated by an evaluation tool.</dd>
  <dt><code>dc:description</code></dt>
    <dd>A human-readable text or markup (for example <acronym title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</acronym> included as an <acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> Literal), and <strong class="keyword">should</strong> therefore include an identification for the natural language.</dd>
</dl>

<p>A <em>Test Result</em> <strong class="keyword">may</strong> also include instances of the following properties:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code>dc:date</code></dt>
    <dd>Date on which the test was carried out (see also date of the <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em>).</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-pointer">earl:pointer</a></code></dt>
    <dd>A <em>Pointer</em> identifies a location (or a set of locations) within the <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em> of the same assertion. It is recommended to use several equivalent pointers in different format as described in the Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-ptrs">Pointers</a>].</dd>
    <dd class="note">[Editor's note: the Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> document is currently under development by the <acronym title="Evaluation and Repair Tools">ERT</acronym> <acronym title="Working Group">WG</acronym>.]</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-info">earl:info</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Additional information beyond the description of the result. For example warnings or other informative messages that may help a reader better understand the result. It is recommended to use <em>Literal</em> values for such additional messages.</dd>
</dl>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-11" id="example-11">Example 11</a>:</strong> A test result with a outcome of fail and a description of the problem in English, and encoded in <acronym title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language">XHTML</acronym> format.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestResult rdf:about="#result"&gt;
  &lt;earl:outcome rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#fail"/&gt;
  &lt;dc:title xml:lang="en"&gt;Invalid Markup (code #353)&lt;/dc:title&gt;
  &lt;dc:description rdf:parseType="Literal" xml:lang="en"&gt;
    &lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;table&lt;/code&gt; element is not allowed to appear
        inside a &lt;code&gt;p&lt;/code&gt; element&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/dc:description&gt;
  &lt;dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"&gt;2006-08-13&lt;/dc:date&gt;
  &lt;earl:pointer rdf:resource="#xpointer"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:info rdf:parseType="Literal" xml:lang="en"&gt;
    &lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;It seems the &lt;code&gt;p&lt;/code&gt; element has not been closed&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/earl:info&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestResult&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="outcomevalue" id="outcomevalue">2.6.1. Outcome Value</a></h3>

<p>The <em>Outcome Value</em> of a test <strong class="keyword">must</strong> be one of the following pre-defined values (or subclasses of them):</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-pass">earl:pass</a></code></dt>
    <dd>An assertor claims a test passed successfully.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-fail">earl:fail</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em> did not meet the <em><a href="#testcriterion">Test Criterion</a></em>.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-cannottell">earl:cannotTell</a></code></dt>
    <dd>An <em><a href="#assertor">Assertor</a></em> can not tell for sure what the outcome of the test is. Usually this happens when an automated test requires human judgement to make a definite decision.</dd>
  <dt><code><a
  href="#terms-values-notapplicable">earl:notApplicable</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The <em><a href="#testcriterion">Test Criterion</a></em> is not applicable to the given <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em>.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-values-nottested">earl:notTested</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Test has not been carried out. This is useful for reporting as well as for other uses of progress monitoring.</dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="software" id="software">2.7. Software Tool</a></h3>

<p>A <em>Software Tool</em> is any software such as an authoring tool, browser, or evaluation tool. Software <strong class="keyword">should</strong> have a title using the Dublin Core property <code>dc:title</code>; and <strong class="keyword">may</strong> have descriptions, version information, and a home page using the Dublin Core terms <code>dc:description</code>, <code>dct:hasVersion</code>, as well as the <acronym title="Friend of a Friend">FOAF</acronym> term <code>foaf:homepage</code>.</p>

<p>While the software class is often used to describe evaluation tool assertors, a software could also be a <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em> (for example to test compliance of an authoring tool to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ATAG/">Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines</a>). In this case, it inherits the <strong class="keyword">optional</strong> properties <code>dc:date</code>, <code>dct:isPartOf</code> and <code>dct:hasPart</code> from the <em>Test Subject</em> class.</p>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-12" id="example-12">Example 12</a>:</strong> The software which was an <em>Assertor</em> in <a href="#example-5">example 5</a> could also be used as a <em>Test Subject</em>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Assertion rdf:about="#assertion"&gt;
  &lt;earl:subject&gt;
    &lt;earl:Software rdf:about="#tool"&gt;
      &lt;--// Note: the dc:title, dc:description, foaf:homepage, and dct:hasVersion 
            properties are already defined by the <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> code in example 5 //--&gt;
      &lt;dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"&gt;2005-06-25&lt;/dc:date&gt; 
      &lt;dct:isPartOf rdf:resource="http://example.org/tools/"/&gt;
      &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://example.org/tools/cool/#module-1"/&gt;
    &lt;/earl:Software&gt;
  &lt;/earl:subject&gt;
&lt;/earl:Assertion&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="content" id="content">2.8. Content</a></h3>

<p>The <em>Content</em> class describes some content that has been subject of testing. It takes into account the context under which the content was fetched, for example content type and language negotiation or similar factors for Web content that is served by <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym>. This class is intended to be used as a test subject but can be reused for other purposes (outside <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>) as well. The <em>Content</em> class <strong class="keyword">should</strong> have instances of at least one of the following properties:</p>

<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-sourcecopy">earl:sourceCopy</a></code></dt>
    <dd>A copy of the actual source of the content that has been tested. This could include <em>Literal</em>, <em><acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym></em>, or <em>Data <acronym title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</acronym></em> types depending on the content.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="#terms-properties-context">earl:context</a></code></dt>
    <dd>The context under which the content was fetched. It is recommended to use the <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-http"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym></a>] to describe Web content served by <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym>.</dd>
</dl>

<p>In the usual case where the <em>Content</em> class is used as a <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em>, it inherits the <strong class="keyword">optional</strong> properties <code>dc:date</code>, <code>dct:isPartOf</code> and <code>dct:hasPart</code> from the <em>Test Subject</em> class. In this context, the <code>dc:date</code> property is used to describe the version of the content as closely as possible. In other words, it should reflect the last modified date if available, otherwise the creation date, or in worst case the date in which the content was retrieved for testing.</p>

<p class="note">[Editor's note: the working group is looking for feedback on the earl:Content class, especially on its usage together with the <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>.]</p>

<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-13" id="example-13">Example 13</a>:</strong> The <acronym title="Hyper Text Markup Language">HTML</acronym> page from <a href="#example-7">Example 7</a> is recorded along with its <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> headers.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Content rdf:about="http://www.example.org/page1.html"&gt;
  &lt;earl:sourceCopy rdf:parseType="Literal" xml:lang="en"&gt;
    &lt;html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
      &lt;head&gt;
      	&lt;title&gt;Hello World!&lt;/title&gt;
      &lt;/head&gt;
      &lt;body&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Hello World!&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;/body&gt;
    &lt;/html&gt;
  &lt;/earl:sourceCopy&gt;
  &lt;earl:context rdf:resource="#httpRequest"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:Content&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

</div>
<!--// core //-->

<div id="conform">
<h2><a name="conformance" id="conformance">3. Conformance</a></h2>

<p>An <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> report is a set of instances of the <em><a href="#assertion">Assertion</a></em> class. Each assertion contains information about a single test that was carried out. <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> does not prescribe how to group tests into a report since this is highly application and end-user specific. For example, reports generated for Web developers may contain more detailed results in order to repair bugs while reports generated for project managers may contain aggregated results with less detail on the specific issues. <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> does not require these assertions to be in a single file, database, or other form of repository; <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> parsers should be able to work with distributed information provided they have access.</p>

<p>A valid <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> report <strong class="keyword">must</strong> validate against the formal <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> grammar, and <strong class="keyword">must</strong> adhere to the constraints defined by this document. In case of discrepancy, the normative reference is <a href="#schema-rdf">Appendix A: <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Schema in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>/<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym></a>. Note: to support <acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> based applications, <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> reports <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be represented in (a compact) <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>/<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> format when being exported or published outside an application. However, <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> processors <strong class="keyword">should</strong> be able to parse valid reports in other <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> formats such as <acronym title="Notation 3">N3</acronym>.</p>

<p>If the core <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> vocabulary is extended for specific purposes (for example by subclassing terms), the <acronym title="Resource Description Framework Schema">RDFS</acronym> (including relevant <acronym title="Ontology Web Language">OWL</acronym> constraints etc.) <strong class="keyword">must</strong> be provided so that <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> parsers can process the introduced vocabulary correctly. Furthermore, any extensions <strong class="keyword">must</strong> ensure the integrity and validity of the core <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> vocabulary in order to ensure interoperable exchange of <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> reports.</p>
</div>
<!--// conform //-->

<div id="schemaRDF">
<h2><a name="schema-rdf" id="schema-rdf">Appendix A: <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Schema in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>/<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym></a></h2>

<pre class="schema"><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?&gt;
&lt;rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
         xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
         xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"&gt;

  &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;EARL 1.0 Schema&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Evaluation And Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Schema as defined by http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Description&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertion"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;An assertion&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Parent node that contains all parts of an assertion&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#assertedBy"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
        &lt;owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:maxCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#subject"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
        &lt;owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:maxCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#test"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
        &lt;owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:maxCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#result"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
        &lt;owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:maxCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#mode"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:maxCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
    &lt;/rdfs:subClassOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#assertedBy"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Is Asserted By&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertion"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertor"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#subject"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Test Subject&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertion"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestSubject"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#test"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Test Criterion&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertion"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestCriterion"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#result"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Test Result&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertion"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestResult"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#mode"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Test Mode&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertion"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestMode"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertor"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Assertor&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Persons or evaluation tools that claim assertions&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#SingleAssertor"/&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#CompoundAssertor"/&gt;
    &lt;/owl:oneOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#SingleAssertor"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Single Assertor&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;One person or evaluation tool that claims assertions&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:type="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Software"/&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:type="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent"/&gt;
    &lt;/owl:oneOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#CompoundAssertor"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Compound Assertor&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Group of persons or evaluation tools that claim assertions&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#mainAssertor"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
    &lt;/rdfs:subClassOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#mainAssertor"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Main Assertor&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Assertor mainly responsible for determining assertion result&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#CompoundAssertor"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertor"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#helpAssertor"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Help Assertor&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Assertor assisting to determine assertion result&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#CompoundAssertor"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Assertor"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
	
  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestSubject"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Test Subject&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Subject of the assertion&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestCriterion"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Test Criterion&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;A testable statement against which subjects are tested&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt; 

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestRequirement"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestCriterion"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Test Requirement&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;A requirement against which subjects are tested&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestCase"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestCriterion"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Test Case&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;A test case against which subjects are tested&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestMode"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Test Mode&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Mode in which tests were conducted&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#manual"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Manual&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test was performed by a human only&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#automatic"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Automatic&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test was performed by a tool only&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#semiAutomatic"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Semi-Automatic&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test was performed primarily by a tool, and human assistance&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#notAvailable"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Not Available&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test was performed by a combination of persons and tools&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#heuristic"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Heuristic&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Result was derived from other results&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
    &lt;/owl:oneOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestResult"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Test Result&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Result from conducting test cases on subjects&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#outcome"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
        &lt;owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:maxCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
    &lt;/rdfs:subClassOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#outcome"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Outcome&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestResult"/&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#OutcomeValue"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#pointer"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Location Pointer&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestResult"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#info"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Additional Information&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#TestResult"/&gt;
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#OutcomeValue"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Outcome Value&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Nominal value of the result&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#pass"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Pass&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test passed&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#fail"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Fail&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test failed&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#cannotTell"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Can Not Tell&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Outcome of the test is uncertain&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#notApplicable"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Not Applicable&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test is not applicable to the subject&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
      &lt;owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#notTested"&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Not Tested&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
        &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Test has not been carried out&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Thing&gt;
    &lt;/owl:oneOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Software"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Software Tool&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;A tool that can perform tests or be the subject of testing&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
    &lt;/rdfs:subClassOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Content"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Content&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"&gt;Subjects that are available on the Web&lt;/rdfs:comment&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection"&gt;
      &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
        &lt;owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date"/&gt;
        &lt;owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"&gt;1&lt;/owl:minCardinality&gt;
      &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
    &lt;/rdfs:subClassOf&gt;
  &lt;/rdfs:Class&gt;

  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#sourceCopy"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Copy of Source&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Content"/&gt; 
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;
  &lt;rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#context"&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:label xml:lang="en"&gt;Has Context&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
    &lt;rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Content"/&gt; 
  &lt;/rdf:Property&gt;

&lt;/rdf:RDF&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
<!--// schemaRDF //-->

<div id="terms">
<h2><a name="terms-list" id="terms-list">Appendix B: <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 Terms</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>

<p>The following terms are defined by this specification:</p>

<h3><a name="terms-classes" id="terms-classes">Classes</a></h3>

<table class="terms">
  <caption>Classes in the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> namespace</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Class Name</th>
      <th>Label</th>
      <th>Allowable types</th>
      <th>Suggested types</th>
      <th><strong class="keyword">required</strong> properties</th>
      <th><strong class="keyword">recommended</strong> properties</th>
      <th><strong class="keyword">optional</strong> properties</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-assertion" id="terms-classes-assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#assertion">Assertion</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-assertedby"><code>earl:assertedBy</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-subject"><code>earl:subject</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-test"><code>earl:test</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-result"><code>earl:result</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td><a href="#terms-properties-mode"><code>earl:mode</code></a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-assertor" id="terms-classes-assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#assertor">Assertor</a></td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-singleassertor"><code>earl:SingleAssertor</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-singleassertor"><code>earl:CompoundAssertor</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-singleassertor" id="terms-classes-singleassertor"><code>earl:SingleAssertor</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#singleassertor">Single Assertor</a></td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-software"><code>earl:Software</code></a></li>
          <li><code>foaf:Agent</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-software"><code>earl:Software</code></a></li>
          <li><code>foaf:Person</code></li>
          <li><code>foaf:Organization</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-compoundassertor" id="terms-classes-compoundassertor"><code>earl:CompoundAssertor</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#compoundassertor">Compound Assertor</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-properties-mainassertor"><code>earl:mainAssertor</code></a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-helpassertor"><code>earl:helpAssertor</code></a></li>
          <li><code>dc:title</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:description</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-testsubject" id="terms-classes-testsubject"><code>earl:TestSubject</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-content"><code>earl:Content</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-software"><code>earl:Software</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><code>dc:title</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:description</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:date</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:hasPart</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:isPartOf</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-testcriterion" id="terms-classes-testcriterion"><code>earl:TestCriterion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#testcriterion">Test Criterion</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-testrequirement"><code>earl:TestRequirement</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-classes-testcase"><code>earl:TestCase</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><code>dc:title</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:description</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:hasPart</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:isPartOf</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-testrequirement" id="terms-classes-testrequirement"><code>earl:TestRequirement</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#testcriterion">Test Requirement</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><code>dc:title</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:description</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:hasPart</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:isPartOf</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-testcase" id="terms-classes-testcase"><code>earl:TestCase</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#testcriterion">Test Case</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><code>dc:title</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:description</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:hasPart</code></li>
          <li><code>dct:isPartOf</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-testmode" id="terms-classes-testmode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#testmode">Test mode</a></td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-values-manual"><code>earl:manual</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-automatic"><code>earl:automatic</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-semiautomatic"><code>earl:semiAutomatic</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-notavailable"><code>earl:notAvailable</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-heuristic"><code>earl:heuristic</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-testresult" id="terms-classes-testresult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#testresult">Test Result</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-properties-outcome"><code>earl:outcome</code></a></td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><code>dc:title</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:description</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><code>dc:date</code></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-pointer"><code>earl:pointer</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-info"><code>earl:info</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-outcomevalue" id="terms-classes-outcomevalue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#outcomevalue">Outcome Value</a></td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-values-pass"><code>earl:pass</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-fail"><code>earl:fail</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-cannottell"><code>earl:cannotTell</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-notapplicable"><code>earl:notApplicable</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-values-nottested"><code>earl:notTested</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-software" id="terms-classes-software"><code>earl:Software</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#software">Software Tool</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td><code>dc:title</code></td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><code>dct:hasVersion</code></li>
          <li><code>dc:description</code></li>
          <li><code>foaf:homepage</code></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-classes-content" id="terms-classes-content"><code>earl:Content</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#content">Content</a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>
        <ul class="noindent">
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-sourcecopy"><code>earl:sourceCopy</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#terms-properties-context"><code>earl:context</code></a></li>
        </ul>
      </td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="terms-properties" id="terms-properties">Properties</a></h3>

<table class="terms">
  <caption>Properties in the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> namespace</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Property Name</th>
      <th>Label</th>
      <th>Domain</th>
      <th>Range</th>
      <th>Restriction</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-assertedby" id="terms-properties-assertedby"><code>earl:assertedBy</code></a></td>
      <td>Is Asserted By</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></td>
      <td>Exactly one per <code>earl:Assertion</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-subject" id="terms-properties-subject"><code>earl:subject</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Test Subject</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testsubject"><code>earl:TestSubject</code></a></td>
      <td>Exactly one per <code>earl:Assertion</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-test" id="terms-properties-test"><code>earl:test</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Test Criterion</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testcriterion"><code>earl:TestCriterion</code></a></td>
      <td>Exactly one per <code>earl:Assertion</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-result" id="terms-properties-result"><code>earl:result</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Test Result</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testresult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td>Exactly one per <code>earl:Assertion</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-mode" id="terms-properties-mode"><code>earl:mode</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Test Mode</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testmode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td>At most one per <code>earl:Assertion</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-mainassertor" id="terms-properties-mainassertor"><code>earl:mainAssertor</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Main Assertor</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-compoundassertor"><code>earl:CompoundAssertor</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></td>
      <td>At least one per <code>earl:CompoundAssertor</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-helpassertor" id="terms-properties-helpassertor"><code>earl:helpAssertor</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Help Assertor</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-compoundassertor"><code>earl:CompoundAssertor</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-outcome" id="terms-properties-outcome"><code>earl:outcome</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Outcome</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testresult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-outcomevalue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td>Exactly one per <code>earl:TestResult</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-info" id="terms-properties-info"><code>earl:info</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Additional Information</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testresult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>Recommended to use <code>Literal</code> values</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-pointer" id="terms-properties-pointer"><code>earl:pointer</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Location Pointer</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testresult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>Recommended to use Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-ptrs">Pointers</a>]</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-sourcecopy" id="terms-properties-sourcecopy"><code>earl:sourceCopy</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Copy of Source</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-content"><code>earl:Content</code></a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>Recmmended to use <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-http"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym></a>]</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-properties-context" id="terms-properties-context"><code>earl:context</code></a></td>
      <td>Has Context</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-content"><code>earl:Content</code></a></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td>Recmmended to use <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-http"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym></a>]</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="terms-values" id="terms-values">Values</a></h3>

<table class="terms">
  <caption>Values in the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> namespace</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Value Name</th>
      <th>Label</th>
      <th>Used In</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-manual" id="terms-values-manual"><code>earl:manual</code></a></td>
      <td>Manual</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testmode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td>Test was performed based on a person's judgement</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-automatic" id="terms-values-automatic"><code>earl:automatic</code></a></td>
      <td>Automatic</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testmode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td>Software tool has carried out the test automatically without any human intervention</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-semiautomatic" id="terms-values-semiautomatic"><code>earl:semiAutomatic</code></a></td>
      <td>Semi-Automatic</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testmode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td>Software tool was primarily responsible for generating a result, even if with some human assistance</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-notavailable" id="terms-values-notavailable"><code>earl:notAvailable</code></a></td>
      <td>Not Available</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testmode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td>Unidentified combination of persons and software tools was used to carry out the test</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-heuristic" id="terms-values-heuristic"><code>earl:heuristic</code></a></td>
      <td>Heuristic</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-testmode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td>Assertion was made by inference, for example based on several existing test results</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-pass" id="terms-values-pass"><code>earl:pass</code></a></td>
      <td>Pass</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-outcomevalue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td>An assertor claims a test passed successfully</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-fail" id="terms-values-fail"><code>earl:fail</code></a></td>
      <td>Fail</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-outcomevalue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td>The <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em> did not meet the <em><a href="#testcriterion">Test Criterion</a></em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-nottested" id="terms-values-nottested"><code>earl:notTested</code></a></td>
      <td>Not tested</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-outcomevalue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td>An <em><a href="#assertor">Assertor</a></em> can not tell for sure what the outcome of the test is</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-cannottell" id="terms-values-cannottell"><code>earl:cannotTell</code></a></td>
      <td>Cannot tell</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-outcomevalue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td>The <em><a href="#testcriterion">Test Criterion</a></em> is not applicable to the given <em><a href="#testsubject">Test Subject</a></em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a name="terms-values-notapplicable" id="terms-values-notapplicable"><code>earl:notApplicable</code></a></td>
      <td>Not Applicable</td>
      <td><a href="#terms-classes-outcomevalue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td>Test has not been carried out</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--// terms //-->

<div id="changes">
<h2><a name="history" id="history">Appendix C: Document Changes</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>

<p>The following is a list of changes since the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-EARL10-Schema-20060927/">27 September, 2006 Working Draft</a>:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Created a real namespace for <acronym title="Evaluation And Report Language">EARL</acronym> 1.0 <code>http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#</code></li>
  <li>Restricted <code>earl:assertedBy</code>, <code>earl:subject</code>, <code>earl:test</code>, and <code>earl:result</code> to exactly one per <code>earl:Assertion</code></li>
  <li>Restricted <code>earl:mode</code> to at most one per <code>earl:Assertion</code></li>
  <li>Adopted the usage of <code>foaf:Organization</code> as <code>earl:SingleAssertor</code></li>
  <li>Changed <code>earl:validity</code> and <code>earl:ValidityLevel</code> to <code>earl:outcome</code> and <code>earl:OutcomeValue</code> respectively</li>
  <li>Restricted <code>earl:outcome</code> to exactly one per <code>earl:TestResult</code></li>
  <li>Dropped <code>earl:confidence</code> property and <code>earl:Confidence</code> class</li>
  <li>Added <code>earl:info</code> to <code>earl:TestResult</code> for conveying additional information</li>
  <li>Dropped pointers, they will be defined by Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-ptrs">Pointers</a>]</li>
  <li>Changed <code>earl:instance</code> to <code>earl:pointer</code>, it has no range but it is recommended to use Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-ptrs">Pointers</a>]</li>
  <li>Changed <code>earl:WebContent</code> to the more generic <code>earl:Content</code> with <code>earl:sourceCopy</code> and <code>earl:context</code> properties</li>
  <li>Added <code>earl:sourceCopy</code> to optionally store the actual content, it is recommended to use <code>http:Response</code> class from the <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-http"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym></a>]</li>
  <li>Added <code>earl:context</code> to optionally store the context of the content, it is recommended to use <code>http:Connection</code> class from the <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> [<a href="#ref-http"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym></a>]</li>
  <li>Added <code>dc:date</code> property to the <em>earl:Content</em> class</li>
  <li>Changed <code>earl:semiauto</code> and <code>earl:mixed</code> to <code>earl:semiAutomatic</code> and <code>earl:notAvailable</code> respectively</li>
  <li>Changed <code>earl:Testable</code> to <code>earl:TestCriterion</code></li>
  <li>Rewording an elaborations in several sections to clarify the meaning and usages of the respective sections</li>
  <li>Several typographical edits including naming of the property and class labels, checking and optimizing the examples, as well as rewording of several sections.</li>
</ul>

</div>
<!--// history //-->

<div id="refs">
<h2><a name="references" id="references">Appendix D: References</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>
<dl>
  <dt><a name="ref-dc" id="ref-dc">[<acronym title="Dublin Core">DC</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.dublincore.org/documents/dces/">The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set</a> - <acronym title="Dublin Core">DC</acronym> Recommendation, 20 December 2004.<br /><code>http://www.dublincore.org/documents/dces/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-dct" id="ref-dct">[<acronym title="Dublin Core Terms">DCT</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/">The Dublin Core Metadata Terms</a> - <acronym title="Dublin Core">DC</acronym> Recommendation, 13 June 2005.<br /><code>http://www.dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-foaf" id="ref-foaf">[<acronym title="Friend of a Friend">FOAF</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"><acronym title="Friend of a Friend">FOAF</acronym> Vocabulary Specification</a>
      - Working Draft, 3 June 2005.<br /><code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-guide" id="ref-guide">[Guide]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL10/WD-EARL10-Guide-20051214">Evaluation and Report Language (<acronym title="Evaluation And Report Language">EARL</acronym>) 1.0 Guide</a> - Editors' Draft 14 December 2005. C. Velasco, J. Koch, S. Abou-Zahra eds.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL10/WD-EARL10-Guide-20051214</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-http" id="ref-http">[<acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/HTTP-in-RDF/"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym></a> - <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Working Draft 20 December 2006. J. Koch, C. Velasco, S. Abou-Zahra eds.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/HTTP-in-RDF/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-owl" id="ref-owl">[<acronym title="Ontology Web Language">OWL</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/"><acronym title="Ontology Web Language">OWL</acronym> Web Ontology Language</a> - <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, 10 February 2004.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-ptrs" id="ref-ptrs">[Pointers]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/Pointers/WD-Pointers-20070222">Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym></a> - Editors' Draft 22 February 2007. J. Ley eds.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/Pointers/WD-Pointers-20070222</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdf" id="ref-rdf">[<acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>/<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> Syntax Specification (Revised)</a> - <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, 10 February 2004. D. Beckett ed.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdf-primer" id="ref-rdf-primer">[<acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>-PRIMER]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Primer</a> - <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, 10 February 2004. F. Manola, E.Miller eds.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdfs" id="ref-rdfs">[<acronym title="Resource Description Framework Schema">RDFS</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Schema</a> - <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, 10 February 2004. D. Brickley, R.V. Guha eds.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdf-xml-diffs" id="ref-rdf-xml-diffs">[RDF-XML-DIFFS]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/RDF-XML">Why <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> model is different from the XML model</a> - Paper, September 1998. T. Berners-Lee.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/RDF-XML</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119">[<acronym title="Request For Comments">RFC</acronym>2119]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a> - <acronym title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</acronym> <acronym title="Request For Comments">RFC</acronym>, March 1997.<br /><code>http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-wcag10" id="ref-wcag10">[<acronym title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">WCAG</acronym>10]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0</a> - <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, 5 May 1999. W. Chisholm, I. Jacobs, G. Vanderheiden eds.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/</code></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-xmls" id="ref-xmls">[<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language Schema">XMLS</acronym>]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/"><acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> Schema Part 0: Primer Second Edition</a> - <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Recommendation, 28 October 2004. D. Fallside, P. Walmsley erds.<br /><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/</code></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<!--// references //-->

<div id="contribs">
<h2><a name="contributors" id="contributors">Appendix E: Contributors</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>

<p><acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> is the result of the work of many people over the past. The editors would particularly like to thank Wendy Chisholm, Sean B Palmer, and Daniel Dardailler, whose contributions have included editing the first versions of the <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym> specifications, and the late Leonard Kasday who set the work in motion to develop <acronym title="Evaluation and Report Language">EARL</acronym>. The editors apologise for any names left out of this list, and will endeavour to rectify any errors noted in comments.</p>

<h3><a name="contribs-this" id="contribs-this">Contributors to this</a> and/or <a name="contribs-prev" id="contribs-prev">previous Working Drafts</a></h3>

<p>Shadi Abou-Zahra, Chrisoula Alexandraki, Shane Anderson, Myriam Arrue, Gabriele Bartolini, Giorgio Brajnik, Dan Brickley, Dan Connolly, Karl Dubost, Nick Gibbins, Al Gilman, Dominique Haza&euml;l-Massieux, Nadia Heninger, Sandor Herramhof, Ian Hickson, Bj&ouml;rn H&ouml;hrmann, Carlos Iglesias, Nick Kew, Johannes Koch, Jim Ley, William Loughborough, John Lutts, Charles McCathieNevile, Libby Miller, Tom Martin, Yehya Mohamed, Daniela Ortner, Dave Pawson, Eric Prud'hommeaux, Pierre Queinnec, Chris Ridpath, Romain Roure, Christophe Strobbe, Aaron Swartz, Olivier Thoreaux, Carlos Velasco and Rob Yonaitis.</p>
</div>
<!--// contribs //-->
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