discontinued / server · Files

rendering.html 226 KB
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="en-US-x-Hixie" ><head><title>10 Rendering &#8212; HTML5 </title><style type="text/css">
   pre { margin-left: 2em; white-space: pre-wrap; }
   h2 { margin: 3em 0 1em 0; }
   h3 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em 0; }
   h4 { margin: 2.5em 0 0.75em 0; }
   h5, h6 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em; }
   h1 + h2, h1 + h2 + h2 { margin: 0.75em 0 0.75em; }
   h2 + h3, h3 + h4, h4 + h5, h5 + h6 { margin-top: 0.5em; }
   p { margin: 1em 0; }
   hr:not(.top) { display: block; background: none; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 2em 0; height: auto; }
   dl, dd { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
   dt { margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; clear: left; }
   dt + dt { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dt { margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }
   dd p { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dl + p { margin-top: 1em; }
   dd table + p { margin-top: 1em; }
   p + * > li, dd li { margin: 1em 0; }
   dt, dfn { font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; }
   dt dfn { font-style: italic; }
   pre, code { font-size: inherit; font-family: monospace; font-variant: normal; }
   pre strong { color: black; font: inherit; font-weight: bold; background: yellow; }
   pre em { font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; }
   @media screen { code { color: orangered; } code :link, code :visited { color: inherit; } }
   var sub { vertical-align: bottom; font-size: smaller; position: relative; top: 0.1em; }
   table { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden hidden none hidden; }
   table thead, table tbody { border-bottom: solid; }
   table tbody th:first-child { border-left: solid; }
   table tbody th { text-align: left; }
   table td, table th { border-left: solid; border-right: solid; border-bottom: solid thin; vertical-align: top; padding: 0.2em; }
   blockquote { margin: 0 0 0 2em; border: 0; padding: 0; font-style: italic; }

   .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: gray; border-color: gray; background: transparent; }
   .matrix, .matrix td { border: none; text-align: right; }
   .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
   .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
   .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
   .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }

   .toc dfn, h1 dfn, h2 dfn, h3 dfn, h4 dfn, h5 dfn, h6 dfn { font: inherit; }
   img.extra { float: right; }
   pre.idl { border: solid thin; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   pre.idl :link, pre.idl :visited { color: inherit; background: transparent; }
   pre.css { border: solid thin; background: #FFFFEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   pre.css:first-line { color: #AAAA50; }
   dl.domintro { color: green; margin: 2em 0 2em 2em; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: none; background: #DDFFDD; }
   hr + dl.domintro, div.impl + dl.domintro { margin-top: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
   dl.domintro dt, dl.domintro dt * { color: black; text-decoration: none; }
   dl.domintro dd { margin: 0.5em 0 1em 2em; padding: 0; }
   dl.domintro dd p { margin: 0.5em 0; }
   dl.switch { padding-left: 2em; }
   dl.switch > dt { text-indent: -1.5em; }
   dl.switch > dt:before { content: '\21AA'; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0; display: inline-block; width: 1em; text-align: right; line-height: 0.5em; }
   dl.triple { padding: 0 0 0 1em; }
   dl.triple dt, dl.triple dd { margin: 0; display: inline }
   dl.triple dt:after { content: ':'; }
   dl.triple dd:after { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }
   .diff-old { text-decoration: line-through; color: silver; background: transparent; }
   .diff-chg, .diff-new { text-decoration: underline; color: green; background: transparent; }
   a .diff-new { border-bottom: 1px blue solid; }

   h2 { page-break-before: always; }
   h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid; }
   h1 + h2, hr + h2.no-toc { page-break-before: auto; }

   p  > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]),
   li > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]), { border-bottom: solid #9999CC; }

   div.head { margin: 0 0 1em; padding: 1em 0 0 0; }
   div.head p { margin: 0; }
   div.head h1 { margin: 0; }
   div.head .logo { float: right; margin: 0 1em; }
   div.head .logo img { border: none } /* remove border from top image */
   div.head dl { margin: 1em 0; }
   div.head p.copyright, div.head p.alt { font-size: x-small; font-style: oblique; margin: 0; }

   body > .toc > li { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
   body > .toc.brief > li { margin-top: 0.35em; margin-bottom: 0.35em; }
   body > .toc > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
   body > .toc > li > * > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
   .toc, .toc li { list-style: none; }

   .brief { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.1; }
   .brief li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
   .brief li p { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

   .category-list { margin-top: -0.75em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.5; }
   .category-list::before { content: '\21D2\A0'; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 900; }
   .category-list li { display: inline; }
   .category-list li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ', '; }
   .category-list li > span, .category-list li > a { text-transform: lowercase; }
   .category-list li * { text-transform: none; } /* don't affect <code> nested in <a> */

   .XXX { color: #E50000; background: white; border: solid red; padding: 0.5em; margin: 1em 0; }
   .XXX > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   p .XXX { line-height: 3em; }
   .annotation { border: solid thin black; background: #0C479D; color: white; position: relative; margin: 8px 0 20px 0; }
   .annotation:before { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 6px -6px -6px 6px; background: #333333; z-index: -1; content: ''; }
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   .annotation :link:hover, .annotation :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
   .annotation span { border: none ! important; }
   .note { color: green; background: transparent; font-family: sans-serif; }
   .warning { color: red; background: transparent; }
   .note, .warning { font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   p.note, div.note { padding: 0.5em 2em; }
   span.note { padding: 0 2em; }
   .note p:first-child, .warning p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   .note p:last-child, .warning p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   .warning:before { font-style: normal; }
   p.note:before { content: 'Note: '; }
   p.warning:before { content: '\26A0 Warning! '; }

   .bookkeeping:before { display: block; content: 'Bookkeeping details'; font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   .bookkeeping { font-size: 0.8em; margin: 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping p { margin: 0.5em 2em; display: list-item; list-style: square; }
   .bookkeeping dt { margin: 0.5em 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping dd { margin: 0 3em 0.5em; }

   h4 { position: relative; z-index: 3; }
   h4 + .element, h4 + div + .element { margin-top: -2.5em; padding-top: 2em; }
   .element {
     background: #EEEEFF;
     color: black;
     margin: 0 0 1em 0.15em;
     padding: 0 1em 0.25em 0.75em;
     border-left: solid #9999FF 0.25em;
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     z-index: 1;
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   .element:before {
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 2;
     top: 0;
     left: -1.15em;
     height: 2em;
     width: 0.9em;
     background: #EEEEFF;
     content: ' ';
     border-style: none none solid solid;
     border-color: #9999FF;
     border-width: 0.25em;
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   .example { display: block; color: #222222; background: #FCFCFC; border-left: double; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1em; }
   td > .example:only-child { margin: 0 0 0 0.1em; }

   ul.domTree, ul.domTree ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; margin: 0; }
   ul.domTree li { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; position: relative; }
   ul.domTree li li { list-style: none; }
   ul.domTree li:first-child::before { position: absolute; top: 0; height: 0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
   ul.domTree li:not(:last-child)::after { position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: -0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
   ul.domTree span { font-style: italic; font-family: serif; }
   ul.domTree .t1 code { color: purple; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 { font-style: normal; font-family: monospace; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .name { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .value { color: blue; font-weight: normal; }
   ul.domTree .t3 code, .domTree .t4 code, .domTree .t5 code { color: gray; }
   ul.domTree .t7 code, .domTree .t8 code { color: green; }
   ul.domTree .t10 code { color: teal; }

   body.dfnEnabled dfn { cursor: pointer; }
   .dfnPanel {
     display: inline;
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 10;
     height: auto;
     width: auto;
     padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
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     background: #DDDDDD;
     color: black;
     border: outset 0.2em;
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   .dfnPanel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; font: inherit; text-indent: 0; }
   .dfnPanel :link, .dfnPanel :visited { color: black; }
   .dfnPanel p { font-weight: bolder; }
   .dfnPanel * + p { margin-top: 0.25em; }
   .dfnPanel li { list-style-position: inside; }

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   #configUI p { margin: 0.5em 0; padding: 0.3em; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; border: inset thin; }
   #configUI p label { display: block; }
   #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; }
   #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; }

   fieldset { margin: 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   fieldset > legend + * { margin-top: 0; }
   fieldset > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   fieldset p { margin: 0.5em 0; }

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     bottom: 0;
     left: 0; right: 0;
     margin: 0 auto 0 auto !important;
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     width: 50%;
     background: maroon; color: yellow;
     -webkit-border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
     -moz-border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
     border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
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     -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 1em #500;
     box-shadow: 0 0 1em red;
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   .stability strong {
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   #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; }
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   .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; }
   .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; }
   .apple-table-examples td, .apple-table-examples th { border: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th:first-child { border-left: none; width: 100%; }
   .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th::after, .apple-table-examples tfoot th::after { content: leader(". ") }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; }
   .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; }
   .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; }

   .details-example img { vertical-align: top; }

   #base64-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 6em;
     column-count: 5;
     column-gap: 1em;
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     -webkit-column-width: 6em;
     -webkit-column-count: 5;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #base64-table thead { display: none; }
   #base64-table * { border: none; }
   #base64-table tbody td:first-child:after { content: ':'; }
   #base64-table tbody td:last-child { text-align: right; }

   #named-character-references-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 30em;
     column-gap: 1em;
     -moz-column-width: 30em;
     -moz-column-gap: 1em;
     -webkit-column-width: 30em;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child + td,
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child { text-align: center; }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child:hover > span { position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto; margin-left: 0.5em; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 5em; border: outset; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: white; width: 1.25em; height: auto; text-align: center; }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr#entity-CounterClockwiseContourIntegral > td:first-child { font-size: 0.5em; }

   .glyph.control { color: red; }

   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743.ttf');
   }
   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     font-weight: bold;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Bold.ttf');
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     font-style: italic;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Italic.ttf');
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   @font-face {
     font-family: 'Essays1743';
     font-style: italic;
     font-weight: bold;
     src: url('http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-BoldItalic.ttf');
   }

  </style><style type="text/css">
   .domintro:before { display: table; margin: -1em -0.5em -0.5em auto; width: auto; content: 'This box is non-normative. Implementation requirements are given below this box.'; color: black; font-style: italic; border: solid 2px; background: white; padding: 0 0.25em; }
  </style><script type="text/javascript">
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  <link href="spec.html#contents" title="Table of contents" rel="index">
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  </head><body><div class="head" id="head">
<div id="multipage-common">
  <p class="stability" id="wip"><strong>This is a work in
  progress!</strong> For the latest updates from the HTML WG, possibly
  including important bug fixes, please look at the <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html">editor's draft</a> instead.
  There may also be a more
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5">up-to-date Working Draft</a>
   with changes based on resolution of Last Call issues.
  <input onclick="closeWarning(this.parentNode)" type="button" value="&#9587;&#8413;"></p>
  <script type="text/javascript">
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   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5</h1>
   </div><div>
   <a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html" class="prev">9 The XHTML syntax</a> &#8211;
   <a href="spec.html#contents">Table of contents</a> &#8211;
   <a href="obsolete.html" class="next">11 Obsolete features</a>
  <ol class="toc"><li><a href="rendering.html#rendering"><span class="secno">10 </span>Rendering</a>
  <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-8"><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Introduction</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints"><span class="secno">10.2 </span>The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-9"><span class="secno">10.2.1 </span>Introduction</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#display-types"><span class="secno">10.2.2 </span>Display types</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#margins-and-padding"><span class="secno">10.2.3 </span>Margins and padding</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#alignment"><span class="secno">10.2.4 </span>Alignment</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#fonts-and-colors"><span class="secno">10.2.5 </span>Fonts and colors</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#punctuation-and-decorations"><span class="secno">10.2.6 </span>Punctuation and decorations</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#resetting-rules-for-inherited-properties"><span class="secno">10.2.7 </span>Resetting rules for inherited properties</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-hr-element-0"><span class="secno">10.2.8 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-fieldset-element-0"><span class="secno">10.2.9 </span>The <code>fieldset</code> element</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="rendering.html#replaced-elements"><span class="secno">10.3 </span>Replaced elements</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#embedded-content-2"><span class="secno">10.3.1 </span>Embedded content</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#timed-text-tracks-0"><span class="secno">10.3.2 </span>Timed text tracks</a>
      <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#webvtt-cue-text-rendering-rules"><span class="secno">10.3.2.1 </span>WebVTT cue text rendering rules</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#applying-css-properties-to-webvtt-node-objects"><span class="secno">10.3.2.2 </span>Applying CSS properties to <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span></a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#css-extensions"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3 </span>CSS extensions</a>
        <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#the-::cue-pseudo-element"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3.1 </span>The '::cue' pseudo-element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-:past-and-:future-pseudo-classes"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3.2 </span>The ':past' and ':future' pseudo-classes</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="rendering.html#images"><span class="secno">10.3.3 </span>Images</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images"><span class="secno">10.3.4 </span>Attributes for embedded content and images</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#image-maps-0"><span class="secno">10.3.5 </span>Image maps</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#toolbars-0"><span class="secno">10.3.6 </span>Toolbars</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="rendering.html#bindings"><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Bindings</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-10"><span class="secno">10.4.1 </span>Introduction</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-button-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.2 </span>The <code>button</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-details-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.3 </span>The <code>details</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget"><span class="secno">10.4.4 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets"><span class="secno">10.4.5 </span>The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-range-control"><span class="secno">10.4.6 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a range control</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-color-well"><span class="secno">10.4.7 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a color well</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets"><span class="secno">10.4.8 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control"><span class="secno">10.4.9 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-button"><span class="secno">10.4.10 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a button</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-marquee-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.11 </span>The <code>marquee</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-meter-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.12 </span>The <code>meter</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-progress-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.13 </span>The <code>progress</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-select-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.14 </span>The <code>select</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-textarea-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.15 </span>The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-keygen-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.16 </span>The <code>keygen</code> element</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-time-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.17 </span>The <code>time</code> element</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="rendering.html#frames-and-framesets"><span class="secno">10.5 </span>Frames and framesets</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#interactive-media"><span class="secno">10.6 </span>Interactive media</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#links-forms-and-navigation"><span class="secno">10.6.1 </span>Links, forms, and navigation</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#the-title-attribute-0"><span class="secno">10.6.2 </span>The <code title="attr-title">title</code> attribute</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#editing-hosts"><span class="secno">10.6.3 </span>Editing hosts</a></li><li><a href="rendering.html#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces"><span class="secno">10.6.4 </span>Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="rendering.html#print-media"><span class="secno">10.7 </span>Print media</a></li></ol></li></ol></div>

  <div class="impl">

  <h2 id="rendering"><span class="secno">10 </span>Rendering</h2>

  <p><i>User agents are not required to present HTML documents in any
  particular way. However, this section provides a set of suggestions
  for rendering HTML documents that, if followed, are likely to lead
  to a user experience that closely resembles the experience intended
  by the documents' authors. So as to avoid confusion regarding the
  normativity of this section, RFC2119 terms have not been used.
  Instead, the term "expected" is used to indicate behavior that will
  lead to this experience. For the purposes of conformance for user
  agents designated as <a href="infrastructure.html#renderingUA">supporting the suggested
  default rendering</a>, the term "expected" in this section has the
  same conformance implications as the RFC2119-defined term
  "must".</i></p>


  <h3 id="introduction-8"><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Introduction</h3>

  <p>In general, user agents are expected to support CSS, and many of
  the suggestions in this section are expressed in CSS terms. User
  agents that use other presentation mechanisms can derive their
  expected behavior by translating from the CSS rules given in this
  section.</p>

  <p>In the absence of style-layer rules to the contrary (e.g. author
  style sheets), user agents are expected to render an element so that
  it conveys to the user the meaning that the element
  <dfn id="represents">represents</dfn>, as described by this specification.</p>

  <p>The suggestions in this section generally assume a visual output
  medium with a resolution of 96dpi or greater, but HTML is intended
  to apply to multiple media (it is a <i>media-independent</i>
  language). User agent implementors are encouraged to adapt the
  suggestions in this section to their target media.</p>

  <hr><p>An element is <dfn id="being-rendered">being rendered</dfn> if it is <a href="infrastructure.html#in-a-document">in a
  <code>Document</code></a>, either its parent node is itself
  <a href="#being-rendered">being rendered</a> or it is the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code> node,
  and it is not explicitly excluded from the rendering using either:</p>
  <ul class="brief"><li>the CSS 'display' property's 'none' value, or</li>
   <li>the 'visibility' property's 'collapse' value unless it is being treated as equivalent to the 'hidden' value, or</li>
   <li>some equivalent in other styling languages.</li>
  </ul><p class="note">Just being off-screen does not mean the element is
  not <a href="#being-rendered">being rendered</a>. The presence of the <code title="attr-hidden"><a href="editing.html#the-hidden-attribute">hidden</a></code> attribute normally means the
  element is not <a href="#being-rendered">being rendered</a>, though this might be
  overridden by the style sheets.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h3 id="the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints"><span class="secno">10.2 </span>The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</h3>

  <h4 id="introduction-9"><span class="secno">10.2.1 </span>Introduction</h4>

  <p>The CSS rules given in these subsections are, except where
  otherwise specified, expected to be used as part of the user-agent
  level style sheet defaults for all documents that contain <a href="infrastructure.html#html-elements">HTML
  elements</a>.</p>

  <p>Some rules are intended for the author-level zero-specificity
  presentational hints part of the CSS cascade; these are explicitly
  called out as <dfn id="presentational-hints">presentational hints</dfn>.</p>

  <p>Some of the rules regarding left and right margins are given here
  as appropriate for elements whose 'direction' property is 'ltr', and
  are expected to be flipped around on elements whose 'direction'
  property is 'rtl'. These are marked "<dfn id="ltr-specific">LTR-specific</dfn>".</p>
  <p id="case-insensitive-selector-exception">Similarly, for the
  purpose of the rules marked "case-insensitive", user agents are
  expected to use <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> matching of
  attribute values rather than case-sensitive matching, even for
  attributes in XHTML documents.</p>

  <p class="note">These markings only affect the handling of attribute
  <em>values</em>, not attribute names or element names.</p>

  <hr><p>When the text below says that an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> on an element <var title="">element</var>
  <dfn id="maps-to-the-pixel-length-property">maps to the pixel length property</dfn> (or properties) <var title="">properties</var>, it means that if <var title="">element</var> has an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> set, and parsing that attribute's value
  using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules for parsing non-negative integers</a>
  doesn't generate an error, then the user agent is expected to use
  the parsed value as a pixel length for a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational
  hints">presentational hint</a> for <var title="">properties</var>.</p>

  <p>When the text below says that an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> on an element <var title="">element</var>
  <dfn id="maps-to-the-dimension-property">maps to the dimension property</dfn> (or properties) <var title="">properties</var>, it means that if <var title="">element</var> has an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> set, and parsing that attribute's value
  using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-dimension-values">rules for parsing dimension values</a> doesn't
  generate an error, then the user agent is expected to use the parsed
  dimension as the value for a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational
  hints">presentational hint</a> for <var title="">properties</var>, with the value given as a pixel length if
  the dimension was an integer, and with the value given as a
  percentage if the dimension was a percentage.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="display-types"><span class="secno">10.2.2 </span>Display types</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

[hidden], area, base, basefont, command, datalist, head,
input[type=hidden], link, menu[type=context], meta, noembed, noframes,
param, rp, script, source, style, track, title { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  display: none;
}

address, article, aside, blockquote, body, center, dd, dir, div, dl,
dt, figure, figcaption, footer, form, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, header,
hgroup, hr, html, legend, listing, menu, nav, ol, p, plaintext, pre,
section, summary, ul, xmp { display: block; unicode-bidi: isolate; }

table { display: table; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
caption { display: table-caption; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
colgroup, colgroup[hidden] { display: table-column-group; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
col, col[hidden] { display: table-column; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
thead, thead[hidden] { display: table-header-group; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
tbody, tbody[hidden] { display: table-row-group; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
tfoot, tfoot[hidden] { display: table-footer-group; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
tr, tr[hidden] { display: table-row; unicode-bidi: isolate; }
td, th, td[hidden], th[hidden] { display: table-cell; unicode-bidi: isolate; }

colgroup[hidden], col[hidden], thead[hidden], tbody[hidden],
tfoot[hidden], tr[hidden], td[hidden], th[hidden] {
  visibility: collapse;
}

li { display: list-item; unicode-bidi: isolate; }

ruby { display: ruby; }
rt { display: ruby-text; }</pre>

  

  <p>For the purposes of the CSS table model, the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>
  element is expected to be treated as if it was present as many times
  as its <code title="attr-col-span"><a href="tabular-data.html#attr-col-span">span</a></code> attribute <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers" title="rules for parsing non-negative
  integers">specifies</a>.</p>

  <p>For the purposes of the CSS table model, the
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element, if it contains no <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>
  element, is expected to be treated as if it had as many such
  children as its <code title="attr-colgroup-span"><a href="tabular-data.html#attr-colgroup-span">span</a></code>
  attribute <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers" title="rules for parsing non-negative
  integers">specifies</a>.</p>

  <p>For the purposes of the CSS table model, the <code title="attr-tdth-colspan"><a href="tabular-data.html#attr-tdth-colspan">colspan</a></code> and <code title="attr-tdth-rowspan"><a href="tabular-data.html#attr-tdth-rowspan">rowspan</a></code> attributes on
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements are expected to <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers" title="rules for parsing non-negative integers">provide</a> the
  <i>special knowledge</i> regarding cells spanning rows and
  columns.</p>

  <p>For the purposes of the CSS ruby model, runs of children of
  <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">ruby</a></code> elements that are not <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> or
  <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> elements are expected to be wrapped in anonymous
  boxes whose 'display' property has the value 'ruby-base'. <a href="references.html#refsCSSRUBY">[CSSRUBY]</a></p>

  <p>User agents that do not support correct ruby rendering are
  expected to render parentheses around the text of <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code>
  elements in the absence of <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> elements.</p>

  <p>The user agent is expected to hide <code><a href="scripting-1.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code> elements
  for whom <a href="webappapis.html#concept-n-script" title="concept-n-script">scripting is enabled</a>,
  irrespective of CSS rules.</p>

  <p>In <a href="dom.html#html-documents">HTML documents</a>, the user agent is expected to
  hide <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> elements that are children of
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> elements, irrespective of CSS
  rules.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="margins-and-padding"><span class="secno">10.2.3 </span>Margins and padding</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

blockquote, dir, dl, figure, listing, menu, ol, p, plaintext,
pre, ul, xmp {
  margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;
}

dir dir, dir dl, dir menu, dir ol, dir ul,
dl dir, dl dl, dl menu, dl ol, dl ul,
menu dir, menu dl, menu menu, menu ol, menu ul,
ol dir, ol dl, ol menu, ol ol, ol ul,
ul dir, ul dl, ul menu, ul ol, ul ul {
  margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;
}

h1 { margin-top: 0.67em; margin-bottom: 0.67em; }
h2 { margin-top: 0.83em; margin-bottom: 0.83em; }
h3 { margin-top: 1.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em; }
h4 { margin-top: 1.33em; margin-bottom: 1.33em; }
h5 { margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; }
h6 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; }

dd { margin-left: 40px; } /* <a href="#ltr-specific">LTR-specific</a>: use 'margin-right' for rtl elements */
dir, menu, ol, ul { padding-left: 40px; } /* <a href="#ltr-specific">LTR-specific</a>: use 'padding-right' for rtl elements */
blockquote, figure { margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; }

table { border-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: separate; }
td, th { padding: 1px; }</pre>

  <p>The <code><a href="sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>,
  and <code><a href="sections.html#the-section-element">section</a></code> elements are expected to affect the margins
  of <code><a href="sections.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code> elements, based on the nesting depth. If <var title="">x</var> is a selector that matches elements that are either
  <code><a href="sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>, or
  <code><a href="sections.html#the-section-element">section</a></code> elements, then the following rules capture what
  is expected:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

<var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 0.83em; margin-bottom: 0.83em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 1.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 1.33em; margin-bottom: 1.33em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; }</pre>

  <hr><p>For each property in the table below, given a <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>
  element, the first attribute that exists <a href="#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property">maps to the pixel
  length property</a> on the <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element. If none of
  the attributes for a property are found, or if the value of the
  attribute that was found cannot be parsed successfully, then a
  default value of 8px is expected to be used for that property
  instead.</p>

  <table><thead><tr><th>Property
     </th><th>Source
   </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="3">'margin-top'
     </td><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-marginheight"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-marginheight">marginheight</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td>The <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <a href="#container-frame-element">container frame element</a>'s <code title="attr-iframe-marginheight"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-iframe-marginheight">marginheight</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-topmargin">topmargin</code> attribute
   </td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><td rowspan="3">'margin-right'
     </td><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-marginwidth"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-marginwidth">marginwidth</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td>The <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <a href="#container-frame-element">container frame element</a>'s <code title="attr-iframe-marginwidth"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-iframe-marginwidth">marginwidth</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-rightmargin">rightmargin</code> attribute
   </td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><td rowspan="3">'margin-bottom'
     </td><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-marginheight"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-marginheight">marginheight</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td>The <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <a href="#container-frame-element">container frame element</a>'s <code title="attr-iframe-marginheight"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-iframe-marginheight">marginheight</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-bottommargin">bottommargin</code> attribute
   </td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><td rowspan="3">'margin-left'
     </td><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-marginwidth"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-marginwidth">marginwidth</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td>The <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <a href="#container-frame-element">container frame element</a>'s <code title="attr-iframe-marginwidth"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-iframe-marginwidth">marginwidth</a></code> attribute
    </td></tr><tr><td><code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code title="attr-body-leftmargin">leftmargin</code> attribute
  </td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code>'s
  <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a> is a <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context">nested browsing
  context</a>, and the <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context-container">browsing context container</a> of
  that <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context">nested browsing context</a> is a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> or
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code> element, then the <dfn id="container-frame-element">container frame
  element</dfn> of the <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element is that
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> or <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code> element. Otherwise, there
  is no <a href="#container-frame-element">container frame element</a>.</p>

  <p class="warning">The above requirements imply that a page can
  change the margins of another page (including one from another
  <a href="origin-0.html#origin">origin</a>) using, for example, an
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>. This is potentially a security risk, as it
  might in some cases allow an attack to contrive a situation in which
  a page is rendered not as the author intended, possibly for the
  purposes of phishing or otherwise misleading the user.</p>

  <hr><p>If the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code> has a <a href="infrastructure.html#root-element">root element</a>, and
  the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code>'s <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a> is a
  <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context">nested browsing context</a>, and the <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context-container">browsing context
  container</a> of that <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context">nested browsing context</a> is a
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> or <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code> element, and that element
  has a <code title="attr-frames-scrolling">scrolling</code>
  attribute, then the user agent is expected to compare the value of
  the attribute in an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner to
  the values in the first column of the following table, and if one of
  them matches, then the user agent is expected to treat that
  attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational
  hint</a> for the aforementioned root element's 'overflow'
  property, setting it to the value given in the corresponding cell on
  the same row in the second column:</p>

  <table><thead><tr><th> Attribute value
     </th><th> 'overflow' value
   </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code title="">on</code>
     </td><td>'scroll'
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">scroll</code>
     </td><td>'scroll'
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">yes</code>
     </td><td>'scroll'
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">off</code>
     </td><td>'hidden'
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">noscroll</code>
     </td><td>'hidden'
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">no</code>
     </td><td>'hidden'
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">auto</code>
     </td><td>'auto'
  </td></tr></tbody></table><hr><p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's <code title="attr-table-cellspacing"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-table-cellspacing">cellspacing</a></code> attribute
  <a href="#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property">maps to the pixel length property</a> 'border-spacing' on the
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's <code title="attr-table-cellpadding"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-table-cellpadding">cellpadding</a></code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property" title="maps to the pixel length property">maps to the pixel length
  properties</a> 'padding-top', 'padding-right', 'padding-bottom',
  and 'padding-left' of any <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code>
  elements that have corresponding <a href="tabular-data.html#concept-cell" title="concept-cell">cells</a> in the <a href="tabular-data.html#concept-table" title="concept-table">table</a> corresponding to the
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's <code title="attr-table-hspace">hspace</code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps
  to the dimension property">maps to the dimension properties</a>
  'margin-left' and 'margin-right' on the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's <code title="attr-table-vspace">vspace</code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps
  to the dimension property">maps to the dimension properties</a>
  'margin-top' and 'margin-bottom' on the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's <code title="attr-table-height">height</code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property">maps to the
  dimension property</a> 'height' on the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's <code title="attr-table-width"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-table-width">width</a></code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property">maps to the
  dimension property</a> 'width' on the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code> element's <code title="attr-col-width"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-col-width">width</a></code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property">maps to the
  dimension property</a> 'width' on the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element's <code title="attr-tr-height">height</code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property">maps to the
  dimension property</a> 'height' on the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements' <code title="attr-tdth-height"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-tdth-height">height</a></code> attributes <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps
  to the dimension property">map to the dimension property</a> 'height'
  on the element.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements' <code title="attr-tdth-width"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-tdth-width">width</a></code> attributes <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps
  to the dimension property">map to the dimension property</a> 'width'
  on the element.</p>

  <hr><p>In <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>, the following rules are also
  expected to apply:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

form { margin-bottom: 1em; }</pre>

  <p>When a <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code> is in <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>,
  margins on <a href="infrastructure.html#html-elements">HTML elements</a> at the top or bottom of
  <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements are
  expected to be collapsed to zero.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="alignment"><span class="secno">10.2.4 </span>Alignment</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

thead, tbody, tfoot, table &gt; tr { vertical-align: middle; }
tr, td, th { vertical-align: inherit; }
sub { vertical-align: sub; }
sup { vertical-align: super; }</pre>

  <hr><p>The following rules are also expected to apply, as
  <a href="#presentational-hints">presentational hints</a>:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

table[align=left] { float: left; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
table[align=right] { float: right; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
table[align=center], table[align=abscenter],
table[align=absmiddle], table[align=middle] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;
}
thead[align=absmiddle], tbody[align=absmiddle], tfoot[align=absmiddle],
tr[align=absmiddle], td[align=absmiddle], th[align=absmiddle] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  text-align: center;
}

caption[align=bottom] { caption-side: bottom; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
p[align=left], h1[align=left], h2[align=left], h3[align=left],
h4[align=left], h5[align=left], h6[align=left] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  text-align: left;
}
p[align=right], h1[align=right], h2[align=right], h3[align=right],
h4[align=right], h5[align=right], h6[align=right] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  text-align: right;
}
p[align=center], h1[align=center], h2[align=center], h3[align=center],
h4[align=center], h5[align=center], h6[align=center] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  text-align: center;
}
p[align=justify], h1[align=justify], h2[align=justify], h3[align=justify],
h4[align=justify], h5[align=justify], h6[align=justify] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  text-align: justify;
}
thead[valign=top], tbody[valign=top], tfoot[valign=top],
tr[valign=top], td[valign=top], th[valign=top] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: top;
}
thead[valign=middle], tbody[valign=middle], tfoot[valign=middle],
tr[valign=middle], td[valign=middle], th[valign=middle] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: middle;
}
thead[valign=bottom], tbody[valign=bottom], tfoot[valign=bottom],
tr[valign=bottom], td[valign=bottom], th[valign=bottom] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: bottom;
}
thead[valign=baseline], tbody[valign=baseline], tfoot[valign=baseline],
tr[valign=baseline], td[valign=baseline], th[valign=baseline] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: baseline;
}</pre>

  <p>The <code><a href="obsolete.html#center">center</a></code> element, the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code> element
  unless specified otherwise below, and the <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>, and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements when
  they have an <code title="attr-div-align"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-div-align">align</a></code> attribute
  whose value is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
  either the string "<code title="">center</code>" or the string
  "<code title="">middle</code>", are expected to center text within
  themselves, as if they had their 'text-align' property set to
  'center' in a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational
  hint</a>, and to <a href="#align-descendants">align descendants</a> to the
  center.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>, and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements, when they have an
  <code title="attr-align">align</code> attribute whose value is an
  <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">left</code>", are expected to left-align text within
  themselves, as if they had their 'text-align' property set to 'left'
  in a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>,
  and to <a href="#align-descendants">align descendants</a> to the left.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>, and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements, when they have an
  <code title="attr-align">align</code> attribute whose value is an
  <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">right</code>", are expected to right-align text within
  themselves, as if they had their 'text-align' property set to
  'right' in a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational
  hint</a>, and to <a href="#align-descendants">align descendants</a> to the right.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>, and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements, when they have an
  <code title="attr-align">align</code> attribute whose value is an
  <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">justify</code>", are expected to full-justify text within
  themselves, as if they had their 'text-align' property set to
  'justify' in a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational
  hint</a>, and to <a href="#align-descendants">align descendants</a> to the left.</p>

  <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id="align-descendants">align descendants</dfn> of a node,
  the user agent is expected to align only those descendants that have
  both their 'margin-left' and 'margin-right' properties computing to
  a value other than 'auto', that are over-constrained and that have
  one of those two margins with a used value forced to a greater
  value, and that do not themselves have an applicable <code title="attr-align">align</code> attribute. When multiple elements
  are to <a href="#align-descendants" title="align descendants">align</a> a particular
  descendant, the most deeply nested such element is expected to
  override the others.</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to have a rule in their user agent
  stylesheet that matches <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> elements that have a parent
  node whose computed value for the 'text-align' property is its
  initial value, whose declaration block consists of just a single
  declaration that sets the 'text-align' property to the value
  'center'.</p> 

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="fonts-and-colors"><span class="secno">10.2.5 </span>Fonts and colors</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

address, cite, dfn, em, i, var { font-style: italic; }
b, strong, th { font-weight: bold; }
code, kbd, listing, plaintext, pre, samp, tt, xmp { font-family: monospace; }
h1 { font-size: 2.00em; font-weight: bold; }
h2 { font-size: 1.50em; font-weight: bold; }
h3 { font-size: 1.17em; font-weight: bold; }
h4 { font-size: 1.00em; font-weight: bold; }
h5 { font-size: 0.83em; font-weight: bold; }
h6 { font-size: 0.67em; font-weight: bold; }
big { font-size: larger; }
small, sub, sup { font-size: smaller; }
sub, sup { line-height: normal; }

:link { color: blue; }
:visited { color: purple; }
mark { background: yellow; color: black; }

table, td, th { border-color: gray; }
thead, tbody, tfoot, tr { border-color: inherit; }
table[rules=none], table[rules=groups], table[rules=rows],
table[rules=cols], table[rules=all], table[frame=void],
table[frame=above], table[frame=below], table[frame=hsides],
table[frame=lhs], table[frame=rhs], table[frame=vsides],
table[frame=box], table[frame=border],
table[rules=none] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=cols] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=all] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=none] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=cols] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=all] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=none] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=cols] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=all] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=none] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=cols] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=all] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  border-color: black;
}</pre>

  <hr><p>The initial value for the 'color' property is expected to be
  black. The initial value for the 'background-color' property is
  expected to be 'transparent'. The canvas' background is expected to
  be white.</p>

  <hr><p>The <code><a href="sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>,
  and <code><a href="sections.html#the-section-element">section</a></code> elements are expected to affect the font
  size of <code><a href="sections.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code> elements, based on the nesting depth. If
  <var title="">x</var> is a selector that matches elements that are
  either <code><a href="sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>,
  or <code><a href="sections.html#the-section-element">section</a></code> elements, then the following rules capture
  what is expected:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

<var title="">x</var> h1 { font-size: 1.50em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { font-size: 1.17em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { font-size: 1.00em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { font-size: 0.83em; }
<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { font-size: 0.67em; }</pre>

  <hr><p>When a <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-background"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-background">background</a></code> attribute set to a
  non-empty value, the new value is expected to be <a href="urls.html#resolve-a-url" title="resolve a url">resolved</a> relative to the element, and
  if this is successful, the user agent is expected to treat the
  attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational
  hint</a> setting the element's 'background-image' property to the
  resulting <a href="urls.html#absolute-url">absolute URL</a>.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>,
  <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element has a <code title="">bgcolor</code> attribute set, the new value is expected to
  be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy color
  value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user agent
  is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational
  hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's
  'background-color' property to the resulting color.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-body-text"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-text">text</a></code> attribute, its value is expected
  to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy color
  value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user
  agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the
  element's 'color' property to the resulting color.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-body-link"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-link">link</a></code> attribute, its value is expected
  to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy color
  value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user agent
  is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational
  hints">presentational hint</a> setting the 'color' property of
  any element in the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code> matching the ':link'
  pseudo-class to the resulting color.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-body-vlink"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-vlink">vlink</a></code> attribute, its value is
  expected to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy
  color value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user
  agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the
  'color' property of any element in the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code>
  matching the ':visited' pseudo-class to the resulting color.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="sections.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-body-alink"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-body-alink">alink</a></code> attribute, its value is
  expected to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy
  color value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user
  agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the
  'color' property of any element in the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code>
  matching the ':active' pseudo-class and either the ':link'
  pseudo-class or the ':visited' pseudo-class to the resulting
  color.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-table-bordercolor">bordercolor</code> attribute, its
  value is expected to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a
  legacy color value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the
  user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the
  element's 'border-top-color', 'border-right-color',
  'border-bottom-color', and 'border-right-color' properties to the
  resulting color.</p>

  <hr><p>When a <code><a href="obsolete.html#font">font</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-font-color">color</code> attribute, its value is
  expected to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy
  color value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user
  agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the
  element's 'color' property to the resulting color.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="obsolete.html#font">font</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-font-face">face</code> attribute, the user agent is
  expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational
  hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's
  'font-family' property to the attribute's value.</p>

  
  <p>When a <code><a href="obsolete.html#font">font</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-font-size">size</code> attribute, the user agent is
  expected to use the following steps to treat the attribute as a
  <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>
  setting the element's 'font-size' property:</p>

  <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the attribute's
   value.</p></li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially pointing at the start of the
   string.</p></li>

   <li><p><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#skip-whitespace">Skip whitespace</a>.</p></li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, there is no <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational
   hints">presentational hint</a>. Abort these steps.</p></li>

   <li><p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002B
   PLUS SIGN character (+), then let <var title="">mode</var> be
   <i>relative-plus</i>, and advance <var title="">position</var> to
   the next character. Otherwise, if the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-),
   then let <var title="">mode</var> be <i>relative-minus</i>, and
   advance <var title="">position</var> to the next
   character. Otherwise, let <var title="">mode</var> be
   <i>absolute</i>.</p></li>

   <li><p><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#collect-a-sequence-of-characters">Collect a sequence of characters</a> in the range
   U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9), and let the
   resulting sequence be <var title="">digits</var>.</p></li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">digits</var> is the empty string, there is
   no <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational
   hint</a>. Abort these steps.</p></li>

   <li><p>Interpret <var title="">digits</var> as a base-ten
   integer. Let <var title="">value</var> be the resulting
   number.</p></li>

   <li>

    

    <p>If <var title="">mode</var> is <i>relative-plus</i>, then
    increment <var title="">value</var> by 3. If <var title="">mode</var> is <i>relative-minus</i>, then let <var title="">value</var> be the result of subtracting <var title="">value</var> from 3.</p>

   </li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is greater than 7, let it be
   7.</p></li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is less than 1, let it be
   1.</p></li>

   <li>

    <p>Set 'font-size' to the keyword corresponding to the value of
    <var title="">value</var> according to the following table:</p>

    <table><thead><tr><th><var title="">value</var>
       </th><th>'font-size' keyword
       </th><th>Notes
     </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1
       </td><td>xx-small
       </td><td>
      </td></tr><tr><td>2
       </td><td>small
       </td><td>
      </td></tr><tr><td>3
       </td><td>medium
       </td><td>
      </td></tr><tr><td>4
       </td><td>large
       </td><td>
      </td></tr><tr><td>5
       </td><td>x-large
       </td><td>
      </td></tr><tr><td>6
       </td><td>xx-large
       </td><td>
      </td></tr><tr><td>7
       </td><td>xxx-large
       </td><td><i>see below</i>
    </td></tr></tbody></table><p>The 'xxx-large' value is a non-CSS value used here to
    indicate a font size one "step" larger than 'xx-large'.</p>

   </li>

  </ol></div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="punctuation-and-decorations"><span class="secno">10.2.6 </span>Punctuation and decorations</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

:link, :visited, ins, u { text-decoration: underline; }
abbr[title], acronym[title] { text-decoration: dotted underline; }
del, s, strike { text-decoration: line-through; }
blink { text-decoration: blink; }

:focus { outline: auto; }

q:before { content: open-quote; }
q:after { content: close-quote; }

br { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }

nobr { white-space: nowrap; }
listing, plaintext, pre, xmp { white-space: pre; }
textarea { white-space: pre-wrap; }

ol { list-style-type: decimal; }

dir, menu, ul {
  list-style-type: disc;
}

dir dl, dir menu, dir ul,
menu dl, menu menu, menu ul,
ol dl, ol menu, ol ul,
ul dl, ul menu, ul ul {
  list-style-type: circle;
}

dir dir dl, dir dir menu, dir dir ul,
dir menu dl, dir menu menu, dir menu ul,
dir ol dl, dir ol menu, dir ol ul,
dir ul dl, dir ul menu, dir ul ul,
menu dir dl, menu dir menu, menu dir ul,
menu menu dl, menu menu menu, menu menu ul,
menu ol dl, menu ol menu, menu ol ul,
menu ul dl, menu ul menu, menu ul ul,
ol dir dl, ol dir menu, ol dir ul,
ol menu dl, ol menu menu, ol menu ul,
ol ol dl, ol ol menu, ol ol ul,
ol ul dl, ol ul menu, ol ul ul,
ul dir dl, ul dir menu, ul dir ul,
ul menu dl, ul menu menu, ul menu ul,
ul ol dl, ul ol menu, ul ol ul,
ul ul dl, ul ul menu, ul ul ul {
  list-style-type: square;
}

table { border-style: outset; }
td, th { border-style: inset; }

:ltr { direction: ltr; }
:rtl { direction: rtl; }
[dir] { unicode-bidi: embed; }
bdi, output, [dir=auto] { unicode-bidi: isolate; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
bdo, bdo[dir] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
bdo[dir=auto] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override isolate; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
textarea[dir=auto], pre[dir=auto] { unicode-bidi: plaintext; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */</pre>

  <p>Rules setting the 'quotes' property appropriately for the locales
  and languages understood by the user are expected to be present.</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to
  support the 'clear' property on inline elements (in order to render
  <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-br-element">br</a></code> elements with <code title="attr-br-clear"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-br-clear">clear</a></code> attributes) in the manner
  described in the non-normative note to this effect in CSS2.1.</p>
  

  <hr><p id="decohints">The following rules are also expected to apply, as
  <a href="#presentational-hints">presentational hints</a>:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

td[nowrap], th[nowrap] { white-space: nowrap; }
pre[wrap] { white-space: pre-wrap; }

br[clear=left] { clear: left; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
br[clear=right] { clear: right; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
br[clear=all], br[clear=both] { clear: both; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */

ol[type=1], li[type=1] { list-style-type: decimal; }
ol[type=a], li[type=a] { list-style-type: lower-alpha; }
ol[type=A], li[type=A] { list-style-type: upper-alpha; }
ol[type=i], li[type=i] { list-style-type: lower-roman; }
ol[type=I], li[type=I] { list-style-type: upper-roman; }
ul[type=disc], li[type=disc] { list-style-type: disc; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
ul[type=circle], li[type=circle] { list-style-type: circle; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
ul[type=square], li[type=square] { list-style-type: square; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */

table[rules=none], table[rules=groups], table[rules=rows],
table[rules=cols], table[rules=all] {
  border-style: none;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

table[frame=void] { border-style: hidden hidden hidden hidden; }
table[frame=above] { border-style: solid hidden hidden hidden; }
table[frame=below] { border-style: hidden hidden solid hidden; }
table[frame=hsides] { border-style: solid hidden solid hidden; }
table[frame=lhs] { border-style: hidden hidden hidden solid; }
table[frame=rhs] { border-style: hidden solid hidden hidden; }
table[frame=vsides] { border-style: hidden solid hidden solid; }
table[frame=box],
table[frame=border] { border-style: solid solid solid solid; }

table[rules=none] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=none] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=none] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=none] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=groups] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=rows] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
  border-style: none;
}

table[rules=groups] &gt; colgroup, table[rules=groups] &gt; thead,
table[rules=groups] &gt; tbody, table[rules=groups] &gt; tfoot {
  border-style: solid;
}

table[rules=rows] &gt; tr, table[rules=rows] &gt; thead &gt; tr,
table[rules=rows] &gt; tbody &gt; tr, table[rules=rows] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr {
  border-style: solid;
}

table[rules=cols] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=cols] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=cols] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=cols] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
  border-style: none solid none solid;
}

table[rules=all] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=all] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=all] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[rules=all] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
  border-style: solid;
}

table[border] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[border] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[border] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
table[border] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
  border-width: 1px;
}</pre>

  <p>When rendering <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> elements, user agents are expected
  to use the <a href="grouping-content.html#ordinal-value">ordinal value</a> of the <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element
  to render the counter in the list item marker.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's <code title="attr-table-border"><a href="tabular-data.html#attr-table-border">border</a></code> attribute <a href="#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property" title="maps
  to the pixel length property">maps to the pixel length
  properties</a> 'border-top-width', 'border-right-width',
  'border-bottom-width', 'border-left-width' on the element. If the
  attribute is present but parsing the attribute's value using the
  <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> generates an
  error, a default value of 1px is expected to be used for that
  property instead.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-wbr-element">wbr</a></code> element is expected to override the
  'white-space' property and always provide a line-breaking
  opportunity.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="resetting-rules-for-inherited-properties"><span class="secno">10.2.7 </span>Resetting rules for inherited properties</h4>

  <p>The following rules are also expected to be in play, resetting
  certain properties to block inheritance by default.</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

table, input, select, option, optgroup, button, textarea, keygen {
  text-indent: initial;
}</pre>

  
  <p>In <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>, the following rules are also
  expected to apply:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

table {
  font-weight: initial;
  font-style: initial;
  font-variant: initial;
  font-size: initial;
  line-height: initial;
  white-space: initial;
  text-align: initial;
}

input { box-sizing: border-box; }</pre>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-hr-element-0"><span class="secno">10.2.8 </span>The <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

hr { color: gray; border-style: inset; border-width: 1px; margin: 0.5em auto; }</pre>

  <p>The following rules are also expected to apply, as
  <a href="#presentational-hints">presentational hints</a>:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

hr[align=left] { margin-left: 0; margin-right: auto; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
hr[align=right] { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
hr[align=center] { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
hr[color], hr[noshade] { border-style: solid; }</pre>

  <p>If an <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element has either a <code title="attr-hr-color"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-color">color</a></code> attribute or a <code title="attr-hr-noshade"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-noshade">noshade</a></code> attribute, and furthermore
  also has a <code title="attr-hr-size"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-size">size</a></code> attribute, and
  parsing that attribute's value using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules for parsing
  non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate an error, then the
  user agent is expected to use the parsed value divided by two as a
  pixel length for <a href="#presentational-hints">presentational hints</a> for the properties
  'border-top-width', 'border-right-width', 'border-bottom-width', and
  'border-left-width' on the element.</p>

  <p>Otherwise, if an <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element has neither a <code title="attr-hr-color"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-color">color</a></code> attribute nor a <code title="attr-hr-noshade"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-noshade">noshade</a></code> attribute, but does have a
  <code title="attr-hr-size"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-size">size</a></code> attribute, and parsing that
  attribute's value using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules for parsing non-negative
  integers</a> doesn't generate an error, then: if the parsed value
  is one, then the user agent is expected to use the attribute as a
  <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>
  setting the element's 'border-bottom-width' to 0; otherwise, if the
  parsed value is greater than one, then the user agent is expected to
  use the parsed value minus two as a pixel length for
  <a href="#presentational-hints">presentational hints</a> for the 'height' property on the
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code title="attr-hr-width"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-width">width</a></code> attribute on an
  <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property">maps to the dimension property</a>
  'width' on the element.</p>

  <p>When an <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-hr-color"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-hr-color">color</a></code> attribute, its value is expected
  to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy color
  value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user agent
  is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational
  hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's 'color'
  property to the resulting color.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-fieldset-element-0"><span class="secno">10.2.9 </span>The <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

fieldset {
  margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 2px;
  border: groove 2px ThreeDFace;
  padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}</pre>

  <p>The <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code> element is expected to establish a new
  block formatting context.</p>

  <p>If the <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code> element has a child that matches the
  conditions in the list below, then the first such child is the
  <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code> element's <dfn id="rendered-legend">rendered legend</dfn>:</p>

  <ul class="brief"><li>The child is a <code><a href="forms.html#the-legend-element">legend</a></code> element.</li>

   <li>The child is not out-of-flow (e.g. not absolutely positioned or floated).</li>

   <li>The child is generating a box (e.g. it is not 'display:none').</li>

  </ul><p>A <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code> element's <a href="#rendered-legend">rendered legend</a>,
  if any, is expected to be rendered over the top border edge of the
  <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code> element as a 'block' box (overriding any
  explicit 'display' value). In the absence of an explicit width, the
  box should shrink-wrap. If the <code><a href="forms.html#the-legend-element">legend</a></code> element in
  question has an <code title="attr-legend-align"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-legend-align">align</a></code>
  attribute, and its value is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a>
  match for one of the strings in the first column of the following
  table, then the <code><a href="forms.html#the-legend-element">legend</a></code> is expected to be rendered
  horizontally aligned over the border edge in the position given in
  the corresponding cell on the same row in the second column. If the
  attribute is absent or has a value that doesn't match any of the
  cases in the table, then the position is expected to be on the right
  if the 'direction' property on this element has a computed value of
  'rtl', and on the left otherwise.</p>

  <table><thead><tr><th>Attribute value
     </th><th>Alignment position
   </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code title="">left</code>
     </td><td>On the left
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">right</code>
     </td><td>On the right
    </td></tr><tr><td><code title="">center</code>
     </td><td>In the middle
  </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="impl">

  <h3 id="replaced-elements"><span class="secno">10.3 </span>Replaced elements</h3>

  <h4 id="embedded-content-2"><span class="secno">10.3.1 </span>Embedded content</h4>

  <p>The <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, and
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> elements are expected to be treated as replaced
  elements.</p>

  <p>A <code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-canvas-element">canvas</a></code> element that <a href="#represents">represents</a>
  <a href="content-models.html#embedded-content">embedded content</a> is expected to be treated as a
  replaced element. Other <code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-canvas-element">canvas</a></code> elements are expected to
  be treated as ordinary elements in the rendering model.</p>

  <p>An <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> element that <a href="#represents">represents</a> an
  image, plugin, or <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context">nested browsing context</a> is expected
  to be treated as a replaced element. Other <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code>
  elements are expected to be treated as ordinary elements in the
  rendering model.</p>

  <p>An <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code> element that <a href="#represents">represents</a> a
  <a href="infrastructure.html#plugin">plugin</a> is expected to be treated as a replaced
  element. Other <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code> elements are expected to be
  treated as ordinary elements in the rendering model.</p>

  <p>The <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-audio-element">audio</a></code> element, when it is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user" title="expose a
  user interface to the user">exposing a user interface</a>, is
  expected to be treated as a replaced element about one line high, as
  wide as is necessary to expose the user agent's user interface
  features. When an <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-audio-element">audio</a></code> element is not <a href="the-iframe-element.html#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user" title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a user
  interface</a>, the user agent is expected to hide it,
  irrespective of CSS rules.</p>

  <p>Whether a <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user" title="expose a
  user interface to the user">exposing a user interface</a> is not
  expected to affect the size of the rendering; controls are expected
  to be overlaid with the page content without causing any layout
  changes, and are expected to disappear when the user does not need
  them.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element represents a poster frame or
  frame of video, the poster frame or frame of video is expected to be
  rendered at the largest size that maintains the aspect ratio of that
  poster frame or frame of video without being taller or wider than
  the <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element itself, and is expected to be
  centered in the <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element.</p>

  <p>Any subtitles or captions are expected to be overlayed directly
  on top of their <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element, as defined by the
  relevant rendering rules; for <span>WebVTT</span>, those are the
  <a href="#webvtt-cue-text-rendering-rules">WebVTT cue text rendering rules</a> defined below.</p>

  <p>When the user agent starts <a href="the-iframe-element.html#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user" title="expose a user interface
  to the user">exposing a user interface</a> for a
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element, the user agent should run the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering">rules
  for updating the text track rendering</a> of each of the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track" title="text track">text tracks</a> in the <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code>
  element's <a href="the-iframe-element.html#list-of-text-tracks">list of text tracks</a> that are <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-showing" title="text track showing">showing</a> or <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-showing-by-default" title="text
  track showing by default">showing by default</a> (e.g., for <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track" title="text track">text tracks</a> based on
  <span>WebVTT</span>, the <a href="#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks">rules for updating the display of
  WebVTT text tracks</a>).</p>

  <p class="note">Resizing <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> and <code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-canvas-element">canvas</a></code>
  elements does not interrupt video playback or clear the canvas.</p>

  <hr><p>The following CSS rules are expected to apply:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

iframe:not([seamless]) { border: 2px inset; }
<span id="video-object-fit">video { object-fit: contain; }</span></pre>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="timed-text-tracks-0"><span class="secno">10.3.2 </span>Timed text tracks</h4>

  <p class="note">This section is intended to be moved to its own CSS
  module once an editor is found to run with it.</p>



  <h5 id="webvtt-cue-text-rendering-rules"><span class="secno">10.3.2.1 </span><dfn>WebVTT cue text rendering rules</dfn></h5>

  <p>The <dfn id="rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks">rules for updating the display of WebVTT text
  tracks</dfn> render the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track" title="text track">text
  tracks</a> of a <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media element</a> (specifically, a
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element), or of another playback mechanism, by
  applying the steps below. All the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track" title="text track">text
  tracks</a> that use these rules for a given <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media
  element</a>, or other playback mechanism, are rendered together,
  to avoid overlapping subtitles from multiple tracks.</p>

  <p>The output of the steps below is a set of CSS boxes that covers
  the rendering area of the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media element</a> or other
  playback mechanism, which user agents are expected to render in a
  manner suiting the user.</p>

  <p>The rules are as follows:</p>

  <ol><li><p>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media element</a> is an <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-audio-element">audio</a></code>
   element, or is another playback mechanism with no rendering area,
   abort these steps. There is nothing to render.</p></li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">video</var> be the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media
   element</a> or other playback mechanism.</p></li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be an empty list of
   absolutely positioned CSS block boxes.</p></li>

   <li><p>If the user agent is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user" title="expose a user interface to
   the user">exposing a user interface</a> for <var title="">video</var>, add to <var title="">output</var> one or more
   completely transparent positioned CSS block boxes that cover the
   same region as the user interface.</p>

   </li><li><p>If the last time these rules were run, the user agent was
   not <a href="the-iframe-element.html#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user" title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a
   user interface</a> for <var title="">video</var>, but now it is,
   let <var title="">reset</var> be true. Otherwise, let <var title="">reset</var> be false.</p>

   </li><li><p>Let <var title="">tracks</var> be the subset of <var title="">video</var>'s <a href="the-iframe-element.html#list-of-text-tracks">list of text tracks</a> that have
   as their <a href="the-iframe-element.html#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering">rules for updating the text track rendering</a>
   these <a href="#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks">rules for updating the display of WebVTT text
   tracks</a>, and whose <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-mode">text track mode</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-showing" title="text track showing">showing</a> or <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-showing-by-default" title="text
   track showing by default">showing by default</a>.</p></li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">cues</var> be an empty list of <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue" title="text track cue">text track cues</a>.</p></li>

   <li><p>For each track <var title="">track</var> in <var title="">tracks</var>, append to <var title="">cues</var> all the
   <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue" title="text track cue">cues</a> from <var title="">track</var>'s <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-list-of-cues" title="text track list of cues">list
   of cues</a> that have their <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-active-flag">text track cue active
   flag</a> set.</p></li>

   <li><p>If <var title="">reset</var> is false, then, for each
   <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue">text track cue</a> <var title="">cue</var> in <var title="">cues</var>: if <var title="">cue</var>'s <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-display-state">text track
   cue display state</a> has a set of CSS boxes, then add those
   boxes to <var title="">output</var>, and remove <var title="">cue</var> from <var title="">cues</var>.</p></li>

   <li>

    <p>For each <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue">text track cue</a> <var title="">cue</var>
    in <var title="">cues</var> that has not yet had corresponding CSS
    boxes added to <var title="">output</var>, in <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-order">text track
    cue order</a>, run the following substeps:</p>

    <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">nodes</var> be the <span>list of WebVTT
     Node Objects</span> obtained by applying the <span>WebVTT cue
     text parsing rules</span> to the <var title="">cue</var>'s
     <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-text">text track cue text</a>.</p>

     </li><li>

      <p>Apply the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm's Paragraph Level
      steps to <var title="">nodes</var> using the following
      constraints, to determine the <i>paragraph embedding level</i>
      of the cue: <a href="references.html#refsBIDI">[BIDI]</a></p>

      <ul><li><var title="">nodes</var> represents a single paragraph.</li>

       <li>The paragraph's text consists of the concatenation of the
       values of each <span>WebVTT Text Object</span> in <var title="">nodes</var>, in a pre-order, depth-first traversal,
       excluding <span title="WebVTT Ruby Text Object">WebVTT Ruby
       Text Objects</span> and their descendants.</li>

      </ul></li>

     <li>

      <p>If the <i>paragraph embedding level</i> determined in the
      previous step is even (the <i>paragraph direction</i> is
      left-to-right), let <var title="">direction</var> be 'ltr',
      otherwise, let it be 'rtl'.</p>

     </li>

     <li><p>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is
     <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing
     direction">horizontal</a>, then let <var title="">block-flow</var> be 'tb'. Otherwise, if the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text
     track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track
     cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing
     left</a>, then let <var title="">block-flow</var> be
     'lr'. Otherwise, the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing
     direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing
     right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>; let <var title="">block-flow</var> be 'rl'.</p></li>

     <li>

      <p>Determine the value of <var title="">maximum size</var> for
      <var title="">cue</var> as per the appropriate rules from the
      following list:</p>

      <dl class="switch"><dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'ltr'</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'rtl'</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span></dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span></dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">maximum size</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span> subtracted from 100.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'ltr'</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'rtl'</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span></dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span></dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">maximum size</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span>.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue middle alignment">middle</span>,
              the <span>text track cue text position</span> is less than or equal to 50</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">maximum size</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span> multiplied by two.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue middle alignment">middle</span>,
              the <span>text track cue text position</span> is greater than  50</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">maximum size</var> be the result of subtracting <span>text track cue text position</span> from 100 and then multiplying the result by two.</p>
       </dd>

      </dl></li>

     <li><p>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-size">text track cue size</a> is less than <var title="">maximum size</var>, then let <var title="">size</var> be
     <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-size">text track cue size</a>. Otherwise, let <var title="">size</var> be <var title="">maximum size</var>.</p></li>

     <li><p>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is
     <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing
     direction">horizontal</a>, then let <var title="">width</var>
     be '<var title="">size</var>&#8201;vw' and <var title="">height</var> be 'auto'. Otherwise, let <var title="">width</var> be 'auto' and <var title="">height</var> be
     '<var title="">size</var>&#8201;vh'. (These are CSS values used
     by the next section to set CSS properties for the rendering; 'vw'
     and 'vh' are CSS units.) <a href="references.html#refsCSSVALUES">[CSSVALUES]</a></p></li>

     <li>

      <p>Determine the value of <var title="">x-position</var> or <var title="">y-position</var> for <var title="">cue</var> as per the
      appropriate rules from the following list:</p>

      <dl class="switch"><dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'ltr'</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'rtl'</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">x-position</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span>.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'ltr'</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'rtl'</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">x-position</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span> subtracted from 100.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span></dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue start alignment">start</span></dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">y-position</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span>.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span></dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue end alignment">end</span></dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">y-position</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span> subtracted from 100.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue middle alignment">middle</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'ltr'</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">x-position</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span> minus half of <var title="">size</var>.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue middle alignment">middle</span>,
              and <var title="">direction</var> is 'rtl'</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">x-position-reverse</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span> minus half of <var title="">size</var>.</p>
        <p>Let <var title="">x-position</var> be <var title="">x-position-reverse</var> subtracted from 100.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue middle alignment">middle</span></dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue alignment</span> is <span title="text track cue middle alignment">middle</span></dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">y-position</var> be the <span>text track cue text position</span> minus half of <var title="">size</var>.</p>
       </dd>

      </dl></li>

     <li>

      <p>Determine the value of whichever of <var title="">x-position</var> or <var title="">y-position</var> is
      not yet calculated for <var title="">cue</var> as per the
      appropriate rules from the following list:</p>

      <dl class="switch"><dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is set</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">y-position</var> be zero.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is not set</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">y-position</var> be the <span>text track cue line position</span>.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is set</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is set</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">x-position</var> be zero.</p>
       </dd>

       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is not set</dt>
       <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a>,
              and the <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is not set</dt>
       <dd>
        <p>Let <var title="">x-position</var> be the <span>text track cue line position</span>.</p>
       </dd>

      </dl></li>

     <li><p>Let <var title="">left</var> be '<var title="">x-position</var>&#8201;vw' and <var title="">top</var>
     be '<var title="">y-position</var>&#8201;vh'. (These again are
     CSS values used by the next section to set CSS properties for the
     rendering; 'vw' and 'vh' are CSS units.) <a href="references.html#refsCSSVALUES">[CSSVALUES]</a></p></li>

     <li>

      <p>Apply the terms of the CSS specifications to <var title="">nodes</var> within the following constraints, thus
      obtaining a set of CSS boxes positioned relative to an initial
      containing block: <a href="references.html#refsCSS">[CSS]</a></p>

      <ul><li><p>The <i>document tree</i> is the tree of <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span> rooted at
       <var title="">nodes</var>.</p></li>

       <li><p>For the purposes of processing by the CSS specification,
       <span title="WebVTT Internal Node Object">WebVTT Internal Node
       Objects</span> are equivalent to elements with the same
       contents.</p></li>

       <li>For the purposes of processing by the CSS
       specification, <span title="WebVTT Text Object">WebVTT Text
       Objects</span> are equivalent to text nodes.</li>

       <li>No style sheets are associated with <var title="">nodes</var>. (The nodes are subsequently restyled
       using style sheets after their boxes are generated, as
       described below.)</li>

       <li>The children of the <var title="">nodes</var> must be
       wrapped in an anonymous box whose 'display' property has the
       value 'inline'. This is the <dfn id="webvtt-cue-background-box">WebVTT cue background
       box</dfn>.</li>

       <li>Runs of children of <span title="WebVTT Ruby Object">WebVTT
       Ruby Objects</span> that are not <span title="WebVTT Ruby Text
       Object">WebVTT Ruby Text Objects</span> must be wrapped in
       anonymous boxes whose 'display' property has the value
       'ruby-base'. <a href="references.html#refsCSSRUBY">[CSSRUBY]</a></li>

       <li>Properties on <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node
       Objects</span> have their values set as defined in the next
       section. (That section uses some of the variables whose values
       were calculated earlier in this algorithm.)</li>

       <li>Text runs must be wrapped at the edge of their containing
       blocks, regardless of the value of the 'white-space' property,
       even if doing so requires splitting a word where there is no
       line breaking opportunity.</li>

       <li>The viewport (and initial containing block) is
       <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area.</li>

      </ul><p>Let <var title="">boxes</var> be the boxes generated as
      descendants of the initial containing block, along with their
      positions.</p>

     </li>

     <li><p>If there are no line boxes in <var title="">boxes</var>,
     skip the remainder of these substeps for <var title="">cue</var>. The cue is ignored.</p></li>

     <li>

      <p>Adjust the positions of <var title="">boxes</var> according
      to the appropriate steps from the following list:</p>

      <dl class="switch"><dt>If <var title="">cue</var>'s <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is set</dt>

       <dd>

        <p>Many of the steps in this algorithm vary according to the
        <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a>. Steps labeled
        "<strong>Horizontal</strong>" must be followed only when the
        <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing
        direction">horizontal</a>, steps labeled
        "<strong>Vertical</strong>" must be followed when the
        <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is either <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing
        direction">vertical growing left</a> or <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text
        track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical
        growing right</a>, steps labeled "<strong>Vertical Growing
        Left</strong>" must be followed only when the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text
        track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track
        cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing
        left</a>, and steps labeled "<strong>Vertical Growing
        Right</strong>" must be followed only when the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text
        track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track
        cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing
        right</a>.</p>

        <ol><li>

          <p><strong>Horizontal</strong>: Let <var title="">step</var>
          be the height of the first line box in <var title="">boxes</var>.</p>

          <p><strong>Vertical</strong>: Let <var title="">step</var>
          be the width of the first line box in <var title="">boxes</var>.</p>

         </li>

         <li><p>If <var title="">step</var> is zero, then jump to the
         step labeled <i>done positioning</i> below.</p></li>

         <li><p>Let <var title="">line position</var> be the
         <span>text track cue line position</span>.</p></li>

         <li><p><strong>Vertical Growing Left</strong>: Add one to
         <var title="">line position</var> then negate it.</p></li>

         <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be the result of
         multiplying <var title="">step</var> and <var title="">line
         position</var>.</p></li>

         <li><p><strong>Vertical Growing Left</strong>: Decrease <var title="">position</var> by the width of the bounding box of
         the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var>, then increase <var title="">position</var> by <var title="">step</var>.</p></li>

         <li>

          <p><strong>Horizontal</strong>: If <var title="">line
          position</var> is less than zero then increase <var title="">position</var> by the height of the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, and negate <var title="">step</var> (so its value is now minus the height of
          the first line box in <var title="">boxes</var>).</p>

          <p><strong>Vertical</strong>: If <var title="">line
          position</var> is less than zero then increase <var title="">position</var> by the width of the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, and negate <var title="">step</var>.</p>

         </li>

         <li>

          <p><strong>Horizontal</strong>: Move all the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> down by the distance given by <var title="">position</var>.</p>

          <p><strong>Vertical</strong>: Move all the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> right by the distance given by <var title="">position</var>.</p>

         </li>

         <li><p><i>Default</i>: Remember the position of all the boxes in
         <var title="">boxes</var> as their <var title="">default
         position</var>.</p></li>

         <li><p>Let <var title="">switched</var> be false.</p></li>

         <li><p><i>Step loop</i>: If none of the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> would overlap any of the boxes in <var title="">output</var>, and all the boxes in <var title="">output</var> are within the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, then jump to the step
         labeled <i>done positioning</i> below.</p></li>

         <li>

          <p><strong>Horizontal</strong>: If <var title="">step</var>
          is negative and the top of the first line box in <var title="">boxes</var> is now above the top of the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, or if <var title="">step</var> is positive and the bottom of the first
          line box in <var title="">boxes</var> is now below the
          bottom of the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area,
          jump to the step labeled <i>switch direction</i>.</p>

          <p><strong>Vertical</strong>: If <var title="">step</var> is
          negative and the left edge of the first line box in <var title="">boxes</var> is now to the left of the left edge of
          the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, or if <var title="">step</var> is positive and the right edge of the
          first line box in <var title="">boxes</var> is now to the
          right of the right edge of the <var title="">video</var>'s
          rendering area, jump to the step labeled <i>switch
          direction</i>.</p>

         </li>

         <li>

          <p><strong>Horizontal</strong>: Move all the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> down by the distance given by <var title="">step</var>. (If <var title="">step</var> is
          negative, then this will actually result in an upwards
          movement of the boxes in absolute terms.)</p>

          <p><strong>Vertical</strong>: Move all the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> right by the distance given by <var title="">step</var>. (If <var title="">step</var> is
          negative, then this will actually result in a leftwards
          movement of the boxes in absolute terms.)</p>

         </li>

         <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>step
         loop</i>.</p></li>

         <li><p><i>Switch direction</i>: Move all the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> back to their <var title="">default
         position</var> as determined in the step above labeled
         <i>default</i>.</p></li>

         <li><p>If <var title="">switched</var> is true, jump to the step
         labeled <i>done positioning</i> below.</p></li>

         <li><p>Negate <var title="">step</var>.</p></li>

         <li><p>Set <var title="">switched</var> to true.</p></li>

         <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>step
         loop</i>.</p></li>

        </ol></dd>

       <dt>If <var title="">cue</var>'s <span>text track cue snap-to-lines flag</span> is not set</dt>
       <dd>

        <ol><li>

          <p>Set up <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">y</var> as
          follows:</p>

          <dl class="switch"><dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
                  and <var title="">direction</var> is 'ltr'</dt>
           <dd>
            <p>Let <var title="">x</var> be a percentage given by the
            <span>text track cue text position</span>, and let <var title="">y</var> be a percentage given by the <span>text
            track cue line position</span>.</p>
           </dd>

           <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-horizontal-writing-direction" title="text track cue horizontal writing direction">horizontal</a>,
                  and <var title="">direction</var> is 'rtl'</dt>
           <dd>
            <p>Let <var title="">x</var> be a percentage given by the
            <span>text track cue text position</span> subtracted from
            100, and let <var title="">y</var> be a percentage given
            by the <span>text track cue line position</span>.</p>
           </dd>

           <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-left-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing left writing direction">vertical growing left</a></dt>
           <dd>
            <p>Let <var title="">x</var> be a percentage given by the
            <span>text track cue line position</span> subtracted from
            100, and let <var title="">y</var> be a percentage given
            by the <span>text track cue text position</span>.</p>
           </dd>

           <dt>If the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-writing-direction">text track cue writing direction</a> is <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-vertical-growing-right-writing-direction" title="text track cue vertical growing right writing direction">vertical growing right</a></dt>
           <dd>
            <p>Let <var title="">x</var> be a percentage given by the
            <span>text track cue line position</span>, and let <var title="">y</var> be a percentage given by the <span>text
            track cue text position</span>.</p>
           </dd>

          </dl></li>

         <li><p>Position the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> such
         that the point <var title="">x</var>% along the width of the
         bounding box of the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> is
         <var title="">x</var>% of the way across the width of the
         <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, and the point
         <var title="">y</var>% along the height of the bounding box
         of the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> is <var title="">y</var>% of the way across the height of the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, while maintaining the
         relative positions of the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var>
         to each other.</p></li>

         <li><p>If none of the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var>
         would overlap any of the boxes in <var title="">output</var>,
         and all the boxes in <var title="">output</var> are within
         the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, then jump to
         the step labeled <i>done positioning</i> below.</p></li>

         <li><p>If there is a position to which the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> can be moved while maintaining the
         relative positions of the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var>
         to each other such that none of the boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> would overlap any of the boxes in <var title="">output</var>, and all the boxes in <var title="">output</var> would be within the <var title="">video</var>'s rendering area, then move the boxes in
         <var title="">boxes</var> to the closest such position to
         their current position, and then jump to the step labeled
         <i>done positioning</i> below. If there are multiple such
         positions that are equidistant from their current position,
         use the highest one amongst them; if there are several at
         that height, then use the leftmost one amongst them.</p></li>

         <li><p>Otherwise, jump to the step labeled <i>done
         positioning</i> below. (The boxes will unfortunately
         overlap.)</p></li>

        </ol></dd>

      </dl></li>

     <li><p><i>Done positioning</i>: If there are any line boxes in
     the (possibly now repositioned) <var title="">boxes</var> that do
     not completely fit inside <var title="">video</var>'s rendering
     area, remove those offending line boxes from <var title="">boxes</var>.</p></li>

     <li><p>Let <var title="">cue</var>'s <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-display-state">text track cue
     display state</a> have the CSS boxes in <var title="">boxes</var>.</p></li>

     <li><p>Add the CSS boxes in <var title="">boxes</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</p></li>

    </ol></li>

   <li><p>Return <var title="">output</var>.</p></li>

  </ol><h5 id="applying-css-properties-to-webvtt-node-objects"><span class="secno">10.3.2.2 </span>Applying CSS properties to <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span></h5>

  <p>When following the <a href="#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks">rules for updating the display of WebVTT
  text tracks</a>, user agents must set properties of <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span> as defined in
  this section. <a href="references.html#refsCSS">[CSS]</a></p>

  <p>On the (root) <span>List of WebVTT Node Objects</span>, the
  'position' property must be set to 'absolute', the 'direction'
  property must be set to <var title="">direction</var>, the
  'block-flow' property must be set to <var title="">block-flow</var>,
  the 'top' property must be set to <var title="">top</var>, the
  'left' property must be set to <var title="">left</var>, the 'width'
  property must be set to <var title="">width</var>, and the 'height'
  property must be set to <var title="">height</var>, where <var title="">direction</var>, <var title="">block-flow</var>, <var title="">top</var>, <var title="">left</var>, <var title="">width</var>, and <var title="">height</var> are the values
  with those names determined by the <a href="#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks">rules for updating the
  display of WebVTT text tracks</a> for the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue">text track
  cue</a> from whose <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue-text" title="text track cue text">text</a>
  the <span>List of WebVTT Node Objects</span> was constructed.</p>

  <p>The 'font' shorthand property on the (root) <span>List of WebVTT
  Node Objects</span> must be set to '0.1vh sans-serif'. <a href="references.html#refsCSSRUBY">[CSSRUBY]</a> <a href="references.html#refsCSSVALUES">[CSSVALUES]</a></p>

  <p>The 'color' property on the (root) <span>List of WebVTT Node
  Objects</span> must be set to 'rgba(255,255,255,0)'. <a href="references.html#refsCSSCOLOR">[CSSCOLOR]</a></p>

  <p>The 'background' shorthand property on the <a href="#webvtt-cue-background-box">WebVTT cue
  background box</a> must be set to 'rgba(0,0,0,0.8)'. <a href="references.html#refsCSSCOLOR">[CSSCOLOR]</a></p>

  <p>A text outline or stroke may also be set on the (root) <span>List
  of WebVTT Node Objects</span>, if supported.</p> 
  <p>The 'font-style' property on <span title="WebVTT Italic
  Object">WebVTT Italic Objects</span> must be set to 'italic'.</p>

  <p>The 'font-weight' property on <span title="WebVTT Bold
  Object">WebVTT Bold Objects</span> must be set to 'bold'.</p>

  <p>The 'text-decoration' property on <span title="WebVTT Underline
  Object">WebVTT Underline Objects</span> must be set to 'underline'.</p>

  <p>The 'display' property on <span title="WebVTT Ruby Object">WebVTT
  Ruby Objects</span> must be set to 'ruby'. <a href="references.html#refsCSSRUBY">[CSSRUBY]</a></p>

  <p>The 'display' property on <span title="WebVTT Ruby Text
  Object">WebVTT Ruby Text Objects</span> must be set to
  'ruby-text'. <a href="references.html#refsCSSRUBY">[CSSRUBY]</a></p>

  <p>If there are style sheets that apply to the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media
  element</a> or other playback mechanism, then they must be
  interpreted as defined in the next section.</p>

  <p>All other non-inherited properties must be set to their initial
  values; inherited properties on the root <span>List of WebVTT Node
  Objects</span> must inherit their values from the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media
  element</a> for which the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue">text track cue</a> is being
  rendered, if any. If there is no <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media element</a> (i.e. if
  the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track">text track</a> is being rendered for another media
  playback mechanism), then inherited properties on the root
  <span>List of WebVTT Node Objects</span> must take their initial
  values.</p>


  <h5 id="css-extensions"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3 </span>CSS extensions</h5>

  <p>When a user agent is rendering one or more <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue" title="text
  track cue">text track cues</a> according to the <a href="#webvtt-cue-text-rendering-rules">WebVTT cue
  text rendering rules</a>, <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT
  Node Objects</span> in the <span>list of WebVTT Node Objects</span>
  used in the rendering can be matched by certain pseudo-selectors as
  defined below. These selectors can begin or stop matching individual
  <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span> while a
  <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue" title="text track cue">cue</a> is being rendered, even in
  between applications of the <a href="#webvtt-cue-text-rendering-rules">WebVTT cue text rendering
  rules</a> (which are only run when the set of active cues
  changes). User agents that support the pseudo-element described
  below must dynamically update renderings accordingly.</p>

  <p>Pseudo-elements apply to elements that are matched by
  selectors. For the purpose of this section, that element is the
  <i>matched element</i>. The pseudo-elements defined in the following
  sections affect the styling of parts of <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue" title="text track
  cue">text track cues</a> that are being rendered for the
  <i>matched element</i>.</p>

  <p class="note">If the <i>matched element</i> is not a
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code> element, the pseudo-elements defined below won't
  have any effect according to this specification.</p>

  <p>A CSS user agent that implements the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track" title="text
  track">text tracks</a> model must implement the '::cue' and
  '::cue(<var title="">selector</var>)' pseudo-elements, and the
  ':past' and ':future' pseudo-classes.</p>


  <h6 id="the-::cue-pseudo-element"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3.1 </span>The '::cue' pseudo-element</h6>

  <p>The '<dfn id="pseudo-cue" title="pseudo-cue">::cue</dfn>' pseudo-element (with no
  argument) matches any <span>List of WebVTT Node Objects</span>
  constructed for the <i>matched element</i>, with the exception that
  the properties corresponding to the 'background' shorthand must be
  applied to the <a href="#webvtt-cue-background-box">WebVTT cue background box</a> rather than
  the <span>List of WebVTT Node Objects</span>.</p>

  <p>The following properties apply to the '::cue' pseudo-element with
  no argument; other properties set on the pseudo-element must be
  ignored:</p>

  <ul class="brief"><li>'color'</li>
   <li>'text-shadow'</li>
   <li>'text-outline'</li>
   <li>the properties corresponding to the 'background' shorthand</li>
   <li>the properties corresponding to the 'outline' shorthand</li>
   <li>the properties corresponding to the 'font' shorthand, including 'line-height'</li>
   
     </ul><p>The '<dfn id="pseudo-cue-selector" title="pseudo-cue-selector">::cue(<var title="">selector</var>)</dfn>' pseudo-element with an argument must
  have an argument that consists of a group of selectors. It matches
  any <span>WebVTT Internal Node Object</span> constructed for the
  <i>matched element</i> that also matches the given group of
  selectors, with the nodes being treated as follows:</p>

  <ul><li><p>The <i>document tree</i> against which the selectors are
   matched is the tree of <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node
   Objects</span> rooted at the <span>list of WebVTT Node
   Objects</span> for the cue.</p></li>

   <li><p><span title="WebVTT Internal Node Object">WebVTT Internal
   Node Objects</span> are elements in the tree.</p></li>

   <li><span title="WebVTT Leaf Node Object">WebVTT Leaf Node
   Objects</span> cannot be matched.</li>

   <li>

    <p>For the purposes of element type selectors, the names of <span title="WebVTT Internal Node Object">WebVTT Internal Node
    Objects</span> are as given by the following table, where objects
    having the concrete class given in a cell in the first column have
    the name given by the second column of the same row:</p>

    <table><thead><tr><th>Concrete class
       </th><th>Name

     </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span title="WebVTT Class Object">WebVTT Class Objects</span>
       </td><td><code title="">c</code>

      </td></tr><tr><td><span title="WebVTT Italic Object">WebVTT Italic Objects</span>
       </td><td><code title="">i</code>

      </td></tr><tr><td><span title="WebVTT Bold Object">WebVTT Bold Objects</span>
       </td><td><code title="">b</code>

      </td></tr><tr><td><span title="WebVTT Underline Object">WebVTT Underline Objects</span>
       </td><td><code title="">u</code>

      </td></tr><tr><td><span title="WebVTT Ruby Object">WebVTT Ruby Objects</span>
       </td><td><code title="">ruby</code>

      </td></tr><tr><td><span title="WebVTT Ruby Text Object">WebVTT Ruby Text Objects</span>
       </td><td><code title="">rt</code>

      </td></tr><tr><td><span title="WebVTT Voice Object">WebVTT Voice Objects</span>
       </td><td><code title="">v</code>

      </td></tr><tr><td>Other elements (specifically, <span title="List of WebVTT Node Objects">Lists of WebVTT Node Objects</span>)
       </td><td>No explicit name.

    </td></tr></tbody></table></li>

   <li><p>For the purposes of element type and universal selectors,
   <span title="WebVTT Internal Node Object">WebVTT Internal Node
   Objects</span> are considered as being in the namespace expressed
   as the empty string.</p></li>

   <li><p>For the purposes of attribute selector matching, <span title="WebVTT Internal Node Object">WebVTT Internal Node
   Objects</span> have no attributes, except for <span title="WebVTT Voice Object">WebVTT Voice Objects</span>, which
   have a single attribute named "<code title="">voice</code>"
   whose value is the value of the <span>WebVTT Voice
   Object</span>.</p></li>

   <li><p>For the purposes of class selector matching, <span title="WebVTT Internal Node Object">WebVTT Internal Node
   Objects</span> have the classes described as the <span>WebVTT
   Node Object's applicable classes</span>.</p></li> 
  </ul><p>The following properties apply to the '::cue()' pseudo-element
  with an argument:</p>

  <ul class="brief"><li>'color'</li>
   <li>'text-shadow'</li>
   <li>'text-outline'</li>
   <li>the properties corresponding to the 'background' shorthand</li>
   <li>the properties corresponding to the 'outline' shorthand</li>
   <li>properties relating to the transition and animation features</li>
   
   
  </ul><p>The following properties apply to the '::cue()' pseudo-element
  with an argument when the selector does not contain the ':past' and
  ':future' pseudo-classes:</p>

  <ul class="brief"><li>the properties corresponding to the 'font' shorthand, including 'line-height'</li>
   
     </ul><p>Properties that do not apply must be ignored.</p>

  <p>As a special exception, the properties corresponding to the
  'background' shorthand, when they would have been applied to the
  <span>List of WebVTT Node Objects</span>, must instead be applied to
  the <a href="#webvtt-cue-background-box">WebVTT cue background box</a>.</p>


  <h6 id="the-:past-and-:future-pseudo-classes"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3.2 </span>The ':past' and ':future' pseudo-classes</h6>

  <p>The <dfn id="past-pseudo-class" title="past-pseudo-class">':past'</dfn> and <dfn id="future-pseudo-class" title="future-pseudo-class">':future'</dfn> pseudo-classes only
  match <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span>.</p>

  <p>The ':past' pseudo-class only matches <span title="WebVTT Node
  Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span> that are <i><a href="#in-the-past">in the past</a></i>.</p>

  <p>A <span>WebVTT Node Object</span> <var title="">c</var> is
  <dfn id="in-the-past">in the past</dfn> if, in a pre-order, depth-first traversal of
  the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue">text track cue</a>'s <span>List of WebVTT Node
  Objects</span>, there exists a <span>WebVTT Timestamp Object</span>
  whose value is less than the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#current-playback-position">current playback position</a>
  of the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media element</a> that is the <i>matched
  element</i>, entirely after the <span>WebVTT Node Object</span> <var title="">c</var>.</p>

  <p>The ':future' pseudo-class only matches <span title="WebVTT Node
  Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span> that are <i><a href="#in-the-future">in the future</a></i>.</p>

  <p>A <span>WebVTT Node Object</span> <var title="">c</var> is
  <dfn id="in-the-future">in the future</dfn> if, in a pre-order, depth-first traversal
  of the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-cue">text track cue</a>'s <span>List of WebVTT Node
  Objects</span>, there exists a <span>WebVTT Timestamp Object</span>
  whose value is greater than the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#current-playback-position">current playback
  position</a> of the <a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-element">media element</a> that is the
  <i>matched element</i>, entirely before the <span>WebVTT Node
  Object</span> <var title="">c</var>.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="images"><span class="secno">10.3.3 </span>Images</h4>

  <p>When an <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> element or an <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element
  when its <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in
  the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state
  <a href="#represents">represents</a> an image, it is expected to be treated as a
  replaced element.</p>

  <p>When an <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> element or an <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element
  when its <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in
  the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state
  does not <a href="#represents" title="represents">represent</a> an image, but the
  element already has intrinsic dimensions (e.g. from the
  <a href="the-map-element.html#dimension-attributes">dimension attributes</a> or CSS rules), and either the user
  agent has reason to believe that the image will become <i title="img-available">available</i>
  and be rendered in due course or the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code> is in
  <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>, the element is expected to be treated as a
  replaced element whose content is the text that the element
  represents, if any, optionally alongside an icon indicating that the
  image is being obtained. For <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> elements, the text
  is expected to appear button-like to indicate that the element is a
  <a href="forms.html#concept-button" title="concept-button">button</a>.</p>

  <p>When an <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> some
  text and the user agent does not expect this to change, the element
  is expected to be treated as an inline element whose content is the
  text, optionally with an icon indicating that an image is
  missing.</p>

  <p>When an <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> nothing
  and the user agent does not expect this to change, the element is
  expected to not be rendered at all.</p>

  <p>When an <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> element might be a key part of the
  content, but neither the image nor any kind of alternative text is
  available, and the user agent does not expect this to change, the
  element is expected to be treated as an inline element whose content
  is an icon indicating that an image is missing.</p> 
  <p>When an <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state does not
  <a href="#represents" title="represents">represent</a> an image and the user
  agent does not expect this to change, the element is expected to be
  treated as a replaced element consisting of a button whose content
  is the element's alternative text. The intrinsic dimensions of the
  button are expected to be about one line in height and whatever
  width is necessary to render the text on one line.</p>

  <p>The icons mentioned above are expected to be relatively small so
  as not to disrupt most text but be easily clickable. In a visual
  environment, for instance, icons could be 16 pixels by 16 pixels
  square, or 1em by 1em if the images are scalable. In an audio
  environment, the icon could be a short bleep. The icons are intended
  to indicate to the user that they can be used to get to whatever
  options the UA provides for images, and, where appropriate, are
  expected to provide access to the context menu that would have come
  up if the user interacted with the actual image.</p>

  <hr><p>All animated images with the same <a href="urls.html#absolute-url">absolute URL</a> and
  the same image data are expected to be rendered synchronized to the
  same timeline as a group, with the timeline starting at the time of
  the most recent addition to the group.</p>

  <p class="note">In other words, the animation loop of an animated
  image is restarted each time another image with the same
  <a href="urls.html#absolute-url">absolute URL</a> and image data begins to animate, e.g.
  after being inserted into the document.</p>

  <hr><p>The following CSS rules are expected to apply when the
  <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code> is in <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

img[align=left] { margin-right: 3px; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
img[align=right] { margin-left: 3px; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */</pre>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images"><span class="secno">10.3.4 </span>Attributes for embedded content and images</h4>

  <p>The following CSS rules are expected to apply as
  <a href="#presentational-hints">presentational hints</a>:</p>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

iframe[frameborder=0], iframe[frameborder=no] { border: none; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */

applet[align=left], embed[align=left], iframe[align=left],
img[align=left], input[type=image][align=left], object[align=left] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  float: left;
}

applet[align=right], embed[align=right], iframe[align=right],
img[align=right], input[type=image][align=right], object[align=right] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  float: right;
}

applet[align=top], embed[align=top], iframe[align=top],
img[align=top], input[type=image][align=top], object[align=top] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: top;
}

applet[align=baseline], embed[align=baseline], iframe[align=baseline],
img[align=baseline], input[type=image][align=baseline], object[align=baseline] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

applet[align=texttop], embed[align=texttop], iframe[align=texttop],
img[align=texttop], input[type=image][align=texttop], object[align=texttop] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: text-top;
}

applet[align=absmiddle], embed[align=absmiddle], iframe[align=absmiddle],
img[align=absmiddle], input[type=image][align=absmiddle], object[align=absmiddle],
applet[align=abscenter], embed[align=abscenter], iframe[align=abscenter],
img[align=abscenter], input[type=image][align=abscenter], object[align=abscenter] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: middle;
}

applet[align=bottom], embed[align=bottom], iframe[align=bottom],
img[align=bottom], input[type=image][align=bottom],
object[align=bottom] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  vertical-align: bottom;
}</pre>

  <p>When an <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>,
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, or <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code>
  element, or an <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state, has an
  <code title="attr-dim-align">align</code> attribute whose value is
  an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">center</code>" or the string "<code title="">middle</code>", the user agent is expected to act as if the
  element's 'vertical-align' property was set to a value that aligns
  the vertical middle of the element with the parent element's
  baseline.</p>

  <p>The <code title="attr-dim-hspace">hspace</code> attribute of
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>,
  <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, or <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> elements, and
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> elements with a <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state, <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps to the dimension property">maps to the dimension
  properties</a> 'margin-left' and 'margin-right' on the
  element.</p>

  <p>The <code title="attr-dim-vspace">vspace</code> attribute of
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>,
  <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, or <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> elements, and
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> elements with a <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state, <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps to the dimension property">maps to the dimension
  properties</a> 'margin-top' and 'margin-bottom' on the
  element.</p>

  <p>When an <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> element, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> element, or
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state is contained
  within a <a href="links.html#hyperlink">hyperlink</a> and has a <code title="attr-dim-border">border</code> attribute whose value, when
  parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules for parsing non-negative
  integers</a>, is found to be a number greater than zero, the user
  agent is expected to use the parsed value for eight
  <a href="#presentational-hints">presentational hints</a>: four setting the parsed value as
  a pixel length for the element's 'border-top-width',
  'border-right-width', 'border-bottom-width', and 'border-left-width'
  properties, and four setting the element's 'border-top-style',
  'border-right-style', 'border-bottom-style', and 'border-left-style'
  properties to the value 'solid'.</p>

  <p id="dimRendering">The <code title="attr-dim-width"><a href="the-map-element.html#attr-dim-width">width</a></code>
  and <code title="attr-dim-height"><a href="the-map-element.html#attr-dim-height">height</a></code> attributes on
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>,
  <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> or <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element">video</a></code>
  elements, and <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> elements with a <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="number-state.html#image-button-state" title="attr-input-type-image">Image Button</a> state, <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps to the dimension property">map to the dimension
  properties</a> 'width' and 'height' on the element
  respectively.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="image-maps-0"><span class="secno">10.3.5 </span>Image maps</h4>

  <p>Shapes on an <a href="the-map-element.html#image-map">image map</a> are expected to act, for the
  purpose of the CSS cascade, as elements independent of the original
  <code><a href="the-map-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code> element that happen to match the same style rules
  but inherit from the <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> or <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code>
  element.</p>

  <p>For the purposes of the rendering, only the 'cursor' property is
  expected to have any effect on the shape.</p>

  <p class="example">Thus, for example, if an <code><a href="the-map-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code>
  element has a <code title="attr-style"><a href="elements.html#the-style-attribute">style</a></code> attribute that
  sets the 'cursor' property to 'help', then when the user designates
  that shape, the cursor would change to a Help cursor.</p>

  <p class="example">Similarly, if an <code><a href="the-map-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code> element had a
  CSS rule that set its 'cursor' property to 'inherit' (or if no rule
  setting the 'cursor' property matched the element at all), the
  shape's cursor would be inherited from the <code><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element">img</a></code> or
  <code><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> element of the <a href="the-map-element.html#image-map">image map</a>, not from
  the parent of the <code><a href="the-map-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code> element.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="toolbars-0"><span class="secno">10.3.6 </span>Toolbars</h4>

  <p>When a <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="interactive-elements.html#attr-menu-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="interactive-elements.html#toolbar-state" title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state, the element is
  expected to be treated as a replaced element with a height about two
  lines high and a width derived from the contents of the element.</p>

  <p>The element is expected to have, by default, the appearance of a
  toolbar on the user agent's platform. It is expected to contain the
  menu that is <a href="interactive-elements.html#building-menus-and-toolbars" title="building menus and toolbars">built</a>
  from the element.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h3 id="bindings"><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Bindings</h3>

  <h4 id="introduction-10"><span class="secno">10.4.1 </span>Introduction</h4>

  <p>A number of elements have their rendering defined in terms of the
  'binding' property. <a href="references.html#refsBECSS">[BECSS]</a></p>

  <p>The CSS snippets below set the 'binding' property to a
  user-agent-defined value, represented below by keywords like <code title=""><i title="">button</i></code>. The rules then described for
  these bindings are only expected to apply if the element's 'binding'
  property has not been overridden (e.g. by the author) to have
  another value.</p>

  <p>Exactly how the bindings are implemented is not specified by this
  specification. User agents are encouraged to make their bindings set
  the 'appearance' CSS property appropriately to achieve
  platform-native appearances for widgets, and are expected to
  implement any relevant animations, etc, that are appropriate for the
  platform. <a href="references.html#refsCSSUI">[CSSUI]</a></p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-button-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.2 </span>The <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-button-element">button</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

button { binding: <i title="">button</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">button</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-button-element">button</a></code> element, the element is expected to render as an
  'inline-block' box rendered as a button whose contents are the
  contents of the element.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-details-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.3 </span>The <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element">details</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

details { binding: <i title="">details</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">details</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element">details</a></code> element, the element is expected to render as a
  'block' box with its 'padding-left' property set to '40px' for
  left-to-right elements (<a href="#ltr-specific">LTR-specific</a>) and with its
  'padding-right' property set to '40px' for right-to-left
  elements. The element's shadow tree is expected to take the
  element's first child <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-summary-element">summary</a></code> element, if any, and
  place it in a first 'block' box container, and then take the
  element's remaining descendants, if any, and place them in a second
  'block' box container.</p>

  <p>The first container is expected to contain at least one line box,
  and that line box is expected to contain a disclosure widget
  (typically a triangle), horizontally positioned within the left
  padding of the <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element">details</a></code> element. That widget is expected
  to allow the user to request that the details be shown or
  hidden.</p>

  <p>The second container is expected to have its 'overflow' property
  set to 'hidden'. When the <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element">details</a></code> element does not have
  an <code title="attr-details-open"><a href="interactive-elements.html#attr-details-open">open</a></code> attribute, this
  second container is expected to be removed from the rendering.</p>

  

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget"><span class="secno">10.4.4 </span>The <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element as a text entry widget</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

input { binding: <i title="">input-textfield</i>; }
input[type=password] { binding: <i title="">input-password</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
/* later rules override this for other values of type="" */</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-textfield</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#text-state-and-search-state" title="attr-input-type-text">Text</a>, <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#text-state-and-search-state" title="attr-input-type-search">Search</a>, <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#telephone-state" title="attr-input-type-tel">Telephone</a>, <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#url-state" title="attr-input-type-url">URL</a>, or <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#e-mail-state" title="attr-input-type-email">E-mail</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box rendered as a text
  field.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-password</i> binding applies, to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#password-state" title="attr-input-type-password">Password</a> state, the element
  is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box rendered as a text
  field whose contents are obscured.</p>

  <p>If an <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in one of the above
  states has a <code title="attr-input-size"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-size">size</a></code> attribute,
  and parsing that attribute's value using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules for parsing
  non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate an error, then the
  user agent is expected to use the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> for the
  'width' property on the element, with the value obtained from
  applying the <a href="#converting-a-character-width-to-pixels">converting a character width to pixels</a>
  algorithm to the value of the attribute.</p>

  <p>If an <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in one of the above
  states does <em>not</em> have a <code title="attr-input-size"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-size">size</a></code> attribute, then the user agent
  is expected to act as if it had a user-agent-level style sheet rule
  setting the 'width' property on the element to the value obtained
  from applying the <a href="#converting-a-character-width-to-pixels">converting a character width to
  pixels</a> algorithm to the number 20.</p>

  <p>The <dfn id="converting-a-character-width-to-pixels">converting a character width to pixels</dfn> algorithm
  returns <span title="">(<var title="">size</var>-1)&#215;<var title="">avg</var>&#160;+&#160;<var title="">max</var></span>, where
  <var title="">size</var> is the character width to convert, <var title="">avg</var> is the average character width of the primary
  font for the element for which the algorithm is being run, in
  pixels, and <var title="">max</var> is the maximum character width
  of that same font, also in pixels. (The element's 'letter-spacing'
  property does not affect the result.)</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets"><span class="secno">10.4.5 </span>The <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element as domain-specific widgets</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

input[type=datetime] { binding: <i title="">input-datetime</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
input[type=date] { binding: <i title="">input-date</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
input[type=month] { binding: <i title="">input-month</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
input[type=week] { binding: <i title="">input-week</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
input[type=time] { binding: <i title="">input-time</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
input[type=datetime-local] { binding: <i title="">input-datetime-local</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
input[type=number] { binding: <i title="">input-number</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-datetime</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#date-and-time-state" title="attr-input-type-datetime">Date and Time</a> state, the
  element is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a
  Date and Time control.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-date</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#date-state" title="attr-input-type-date">Date</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a Date
  control.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-month</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#month-state" title="attr-input-type-month">Month</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a Month
  control.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-week</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#week-state" title="attr-input-type-week">Week</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a Week
  control.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-time</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#time-state" title="attr-input-type-time">Time</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a Time
  control.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-datetime-local</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#local-date-and-time-state" title="attr-input-type-datetime-local">Local Date and Time</a>
  state, the element is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box
  depicting a Local Date and Time control.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-number</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#number-state" title="attr-input-type-number">Number</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a Number
  control.</p>

  <p>These controls are all expected to be about one line high, and
  about as wide as necessary to show the widest possible value.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-input-element-as-a-range-control"><span class="secno">10.4.6 </span>The <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element as a range control</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

input[type=range] { binding: <i title="">input-range</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-range</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#range-state" title="attr-input-type-range">Range</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a slider
  control.</p>

  <p>When the control is wider than it is tall (or square), the
  control is expected to be a horizontal slider, with the lowest value
  on the right if the 'direction' property on this element has a
  computed value of 'rtl', and on the left otherwise. When the control
  is taller than it is wide, it is expected to be a vertical slider,
  with the lowest value on the bottom.</p>

  <p>Predefined suggested values (provided by the <code title="attr-input-list"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-list">list</a></code> attribute) are expected to be
  shown as tick marks on the slider, which the slider can snap to.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-input-element-as-a-color-well"><span class="secno">10.4.7 </span>The <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element as a color well</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

input[type=color] { binding: <i title="">input-color</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-color</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#color-state" title="attr-input-type-color">Color</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a color well,
  which, when activated, provides the user with a color picker (e.g. a
  color wheel or color palette) from which the color can be
  changed.</p>

  <p>Predefined suggested values (provided by the <code title="attr-input-list"><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#attr-input-list">list</a></code> attribute) are expected to be
  shown in the color picker interface, not on the color well
  itself.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets"><span class="secno">10.4.8 </span>The <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

input[type=checkbox] { binding: <i title="">input-checkbox</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
input[type=radio] { binding: <i title="">input-radio</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-checkbox</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#checkbox-state" title="attr-input-type-checkbox">Checkbox</a> state, the element
  is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box containing a single
  checkbox control, with no label.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-radio</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#radio-button-state" title="attr-input-type-radio">Radio Button</a> state, the element
  is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box containing a single
  radio button control, with no label.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control"><span class="secno">10.4.9 </span>The <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element as a file upload control</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

input[type=file] { binding: <i title="">input-file</i>; } /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-file</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#file-upload-state" title="attr-input-type-file">File Upload</a> state, the element
  is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box containing a span of
  text giving the filename(s) of the <a href="number-state.html#concept-input-type-file-selected" title="concept-input-type-file-selected">selected files</a>, if
  any, followed by a button that, when activated, provides the user
  with a file picker from which the selection can be changed.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-input-element-as-a-button"><span class="secno">10.4.10 </span>The <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element as a button</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

input[type=submit], input[type=reset], input[type=button] { /* <a href="#case-insensitive-selector-exception">case-insensitive</a> */
  binding: <i title="">input-button</i>;
}</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">input-button</i> binding applies to an
  <code><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="number-state.html#submit-button-state" title="attr-input-type-submit">Submit Button</a>, <a href="number-state.html#reset-button-state" title="attr-input-type-reset">Reset Button</a>, or <a href="number-state.html#button-state" title="attr-input-type-button">Button</a> state, the element is
  expected to render as an 'inline-block' box rendered as a button,
  about one line high, containing the contents of the element's <code title="attr-input-value"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-value">value</a></code> attribute, if any, or text
  derived from the element's <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="the-input-element.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code>
  attribute in a user-agent-defined (and probably locale-specific)
  fashion, if not.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-marquee-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.11 </span>The <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

marquee { binding: <i title="">marquee</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">marquee</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element, while the element is <a href="obsolete.html#concept-marquee-on" title="concept-marquee-on">turned on</a>, the element is expected
  to render in an animated fashion according to its attributes as
  follows:</p>

  <dl><dt>If the element's <code title="attr-marquee-behavior"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-behavior">behavior</a></code> attribute is in the
   <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-behavior-scroll" title="attr-marquee-behavior-scroll">scroll</a> state</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Slide the contents of the element in the direction described by
    the <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code>
    attribute as defined below, such that it begins off the start side
    of the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>, and ends flush with the inner end
    side.</p>

    <p class="example">For example, if the <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code> attribute is <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-left" title="attr-marquee-direction-left">left</a> (the default),
    then the contents would start such that their left edge are off
    the side of the right edge of the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>'s content
    area, and the contents would then slide up to the point where the
    left edge of the contents are flush with the left inner edge of
    the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>'s content area.</p>

    <p>Once the animation has ended, the user agent is expected to
    <a href="obsolete.html#increment-the-marquee-current-loop-index">increment the marquee current loop index</a>. If the
    element is still <a href="obsolete.html#concept-marquee-on" title="concept-marquee-on">turned on</a>
    after this, then the user agent is expected to restart the
    animation.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt>If the element's <code title="attr-marquee-behavior"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-behavior">behavior</a></code> attribute is in the
   <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-behavior-slide" title="attr-marquee-behavior-slide">slide</a> state</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>Slide the contents of the element in the direction described by
    the <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code>
    attribute as defined below, such that it begins off the start side
    of the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>, and ends off the end side of the
    <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>.</p>

    <p class="example">For example, if the <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code> attribute is <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-left" title="attr-marquee-direction-left">left</a> (the default),
    then the contents would start such that their left edge are off
    the side of the right edge of the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>'s content
    area, and the contents would then slide up to the point where the
    <em>right</em> edge of the contents are flush with the left inner
    edge of the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>'s content area.</p>

    <p>Once the animation has ended, the user agent is expected to
    <a href="obsolete.html#increment-the-marquee-current-loop-index">increment the marquee current loop index</a>. If the
    element is still <a href="obsolete.html#concept-marquee-on" title="concept-marquee-on">turned on</a>
    after this, then the user agent is expected to restart the
    animation.</p>

   </dd>

   <dt>If the element's <code title="attr-marquee-behavior"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-behavior">behavior</a></code> attribute is in the
   <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-behavior-alternate" title="attr-marquee-behavior-alternate">alternate</a>
   state</dt>

   <dd>

    <p>When the <a href="obsolete.html#marquee-current-loop-index">marquee current loop index</a> is even (or
    zero), slide the contents of the element in the direction
    described by the <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code> attribute as
    defined below, such that it begins flush with the start side of
    the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>, and ends flush with the end side of the
    <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>.</p>

    <p>When the <a href="obsolete.html#marquee-current-loop-index">marquee current loop index</a> is odd, slide
    the contents of the element in the opposite direction than that
    described by the <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code> attribute as
    defined below, such that it begins flush with the end side of the
    <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>, and ends flush with the start side of the
    <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>.</p>

    <p class="example">For example, if the <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code> attribute is <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-left" title="attr-marquee-direction-left">left</a> (the default),
    then the contents would with their right edge flush with the right
    inner edge of the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>'s content area, and the
    contents would then slide up to the point where the <em>left</em>
    edge of the contents are flush with the left inner edge of the
    <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>'s content area.</p>

    <p>Once the animation has ended, the user agent is expected to
    <a href="obsolete.html#increment-the-marquee-current-loop-index">increment the marquee current loop index</a>. If the
    element is still <a href="obsolete.html#concept-marquee-on" title="concept-marquee-on">turned on</a>
    after this, then the user agent is expected to continue the
    animation.</p>

   </dd>

  </dl><p>The <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code>
  attribute has the meanings described in the following table:</p>

  <table><thead><tr><th><code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code> attribute state
     </th><th>Direction of animation
     </th><th>Start edge
     </th><th>End edge
     </th><th>Opposite direction
   </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-left" title="attr-marquee-direction-left">left</a>
     </td><td>&#8592; Right to left
     </td><td>Right
     </td><td>Left
     </td><td>&#8594; Left to Right
    </td></tr><tr><td><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-right" title="attr-marquee-direction-right">right</a>
     </td><td>&#8594; Left to Right
     </td><td>Left
     </td><td>Right
     </td><td>&#8592; Right to left
    </td></tr><tr><td><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-up" title="attr-marquee-direction-up">up</a>
     </td><td>&#8593; Up (Bottom to Top)
     </td><td>Bottom
     </td><td>Top
     </td><td>&#8595; Down (Top to Bottom)
    </td></tr><tr><td><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-down" title="attr-marquee-direction-down">down</a>
     </td><td>&#8595; Down (Top to Bottom)
     </td><td>Top
     </td><td>Bottom
     </td><td>&#8593; Up (Bottom to Top)
  </td></tr></tbody></table><p>In any case, the animation should proceed such that there is a
  delay given by the <a href="obsolete.html#marquee-scroll-interval">marquee scroll interval</a> between each
  frame, and such that the content moves at most the distance given by
  the <a href="obsolete.html#marquee-scroll-distance">marquee scroll distance</a> with each frame.</p>

  <p>When a <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-marquee-bgcolor">bgcolor</code> attribute set, the value
  is expected to be parsed using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy
  color value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user
  agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the
  element's 'background-color' property to the resulting color.</p>

  <p>The <code title="attr-marquee-width">width</code> and <code title="attr-marquee-height">height</code> attributes on a
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps to the dimension
  property">map to the dimension properties</a> 'width' and
  'height' on the element respectively.</p>

  <p>The intrinsic height of a <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element with its
  <code title="attr-marquee-direction"><a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction">direction</a></code> attribute in
  the <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-up" title="attr-marquee-direction-up">up</a> or <a href="obsolete.html#attr-marquee-direction-down" title="attr-marquee-direction-down">down</a> states is 200 CSS
  pixels.</p>

  <p>The <code title="attr-marquee-vspace">vspace</code> attribute of
  a <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps to the dimension
  property">maps to the dimension properties</a> 'margin-top' and
  'margin-bottom' on the element. The <code title="attr-marquee-hspace">hspace</code> attribute of a
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element <a href="#maps-to-the-dimension-property" title="maps to the dimension
  property">maps to the dimension properties</a> 'margin-left' and
  'margin-right' on the element.</p>

  <p>The 'overflow' property on the <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> element is
  expected to be ignored; overflow is expected to always be
  hidden.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-meter-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.12 </span>The <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-meter-element">meter</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

meter { binding: <i title="">meter</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">meter</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-meter-element">meter</a></code> element, the element is expected to render as an
  'inline-block' box with a 'height' of '1em' and a 'width' of '5em',
  a 'vertical-align' of '-0.2em', and with its contents depicting a
  gauge.</p>

  <p>When the element is wider than it is tall (or square), the
  depiction is expected to be of a horizontal gauge, with the minimum
  value on the right if the 'direction' property on this element has a
  computed value of 'rtl', and on the left otherwise. When the element
  is taller than it is wide, it is expected to depict a vertical
  gauge, with the minimum value on the bottom.</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to use a presentation consistent with
  platform conventions for gauges, if any.</p>

  <p class="note">Requirements for what must be depicted in the gauge
  are included in the definition of the <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-meter-element">meter</a></code>
  element.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-progress-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.13 </span>The <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-progress-element">progress</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

progress { binding: <i title="">progress</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">progress</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-progress-element">progress</a></code> element, the element is expected to render as
  an 'inline-block' box with a 'height' of '1em' and a 'width' of
  '10em', and a 'vertical-align' of '-0.2em'.</p>

  

  <p> <img alt="" class="extra" src="sample-progress.png">
  When the element is wider than it is tall, the element is
  expected to be depicted as a horizontal progress bar, with the start
  on the right and the end on the left if the 'direction' property on
  this element has a computed value of 'rtl', and with the start on
  the left and the end on the right otherwise. When the element is
  taller than it is wide, it is expected to depicted as a vertical
  progress bar, with the lowest value on the bottom. When the element
  is square, it is expected to be depicted as a direction-independent
  progress widget (e.g. a circular progress ring).</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to use a presentation consistent with
  platform conventions for progress bars. In particular, user agents
  are expected to use different presentations for determinate and
  indeterminate progress bars. User agents are also expected to vary
  the presentation based on the dimensions of the element.</p>

  <p class="example">For example, on some platforms for showing
  indeterminate progress there is an asynchronous progress indicator
  with square dimensions, which could be used when the element is
  square, and an indeterminate progress bar, which could be used when
  the element is wide.</p>

  <p class="note">Requirements for how to determine if the progress
  bar is determinate or indeterminate, and what progress a determinate
  progress bar is to show, are included in the definition of the
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-progress-element">progress</a></code> element.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-select-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.14 </span>The <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

select { binding: <i title="">select</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">select</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-select-multiple">multiple</a></code> attribute is present,
  the element is expected to render as a multi-select list box.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">select</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-select-multiple">multiple</a></code> attribute is absent,
  and the element's <a href="the-button-element.html#concept-select-size" title="concept-select-size">display
  size</a> is greater than 1, the element is expected to render as
  a single-select list box.</p>

  <p>When the element renders as a list box, it is expected to render
  as an 'inline-block' box whose 'height' is the height necessary to
  contain as many rows for items as given by the element's <a href="the-button-element.html#concept-select-size" title="concept-select-size">display size</a>, or four rows if the
  attribute is absent, and whose 'width' is the <a href="#width-of-the-select-s-labels">width of the
  <code>select</code>'s labels</a> plus the width of a
  scrollbar.</p>

  <p>When the <i title="">select</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element whose <code title="attr-select-multiple"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-select-multiple">multiple</a></code> attribute is absent,
  and the element's <a href="the-button-element.html#concept-select-size" title="concept-select-size">display
  size</a> is 1, the element is expected to render as a one-line
  drop down box whose width is the <a href="#width-of-the-select-s-labels">width of the
  <code>select</code>'s labels</a>.</p>

  <p>In either case (list box or drop-down box), the element's items
  are expected to be the element's <a href="the-button-element.html#concept-select-option-list" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a>, with the
  element's <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element children providing headers
  for groups of options where applicable.</p>

  <p>An <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element is expected to be rendered by
  displaying the element's <code title="attr-optgroup-label"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-optgroup-label">label</a></code> attribute.</p>

  <p>An <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element is expected to be rendered by
  displaying the element's <code title="concept-option-label"><a href="the-button-element.html#concept-option-label">label</a></code>, indented under its
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element if it has one.</p>

  <p>The <dfn id="width-of-the-select-s-labels">width of the <code>select</code>'s labels</dfn> is the
  wider of the width necessary to render the widest
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code>, and the width necessary to render the widest
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element in the element's <a href="the-button-element.html#concept-select-option-list" title="concept-select-option-list">list of options</a> (including
  its indent, if any).</p>

  <p>If a <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element contains a <a href="the-button-element.html#placeholder-label-option">placeholder
  label option</a>, the user agent is expected to render that
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> in a manner that conveys that it is a label,
  rather than a valid option of the control. This can include
  preventing the <a href="the-button-element.html#placeholder-label-option">placeholder label option</a> from being
  explicitly selected by the user. When the <a href="the-button-element.html#placeholder-label-option">placeholder label
  option</a>'s <a href="the-button-element.html#concept-option-selectedness" title="concept-option-selectedness">selectedness</a> is true, the
  control is expected to be displayed in a fashion that indicates that
  no valid option is currently selected.</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to render the labels in a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> in such a manner that any alignment remains
  consistent whether the label is being displayed as part of the page
  or in a menu control.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-textarea-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.15 </span>The <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

textarea { binding: <i title="">textarea</i>; white-space: pre-wrap; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">textarea</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code> element, the element is expected to render as
  an 'inline-block' box rendered as a multiline text field.</p>

  <p>If the element has a <code title="attr-textarea-cols"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-textarea-cols">cols</a></code>
  attribute, and parsing that attribute's value using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules
  for parsing non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate an error,
  then the user agent is expected to use the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> for the
  'width' property on the element, with the value being the
  <a href="#textarea-effective-width">textarea effective width</a> (as defined below). Otherwise,
  the user agent is expected to act as if it had a user-agent-level
  style sheet rule setting the 'width' property on the element to the
  <a href="#textarea-effective-width">textarea effective width</a>.</p>

  <p>The <dfn id="textarea-effective-width">textarea effective width</dfn> of a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code> element is <span><var title="">size</var>&#215;<var title="">avg</var>&#160;+&#160;<var title="">sbw</var></span>, where <var title="">size</var> is the
  element's <a href="the-button-element.html#attr-textarea-cols-value" title="attr-textarea-cols-value">character
  width</a>, <var title="">avg</var> is the average character width
  of the primary font of the element, in CSS pixels, and <var title="">sbw</var> is the width of a scroll bar, in CSS pixels. (The
  element's 'letter-spacing' property does not affect the result.)</p>

  <p>If the element has a <code title="attr-textarea-rows"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-textarea-rows">rows</a></code>
  attribute, and parsing that attribute's value using the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers">rules
  for parsing non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate an error,
  then the user agent is expected to use the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> for the
  'height' property on the element, with the value being the
  <a href="#textarea-effective-height">textarea effective height</a> (as defined
  below). Otherwise, the user agent is expected to act as if it had a
  user-agent-level style sheet rule setting the 'height' property on
  the element to the <a href="#textarea-effective-height">textarea effective height</a>.</p>

  <p>The <dfn id="textarea-effective-height">textarea effective height</dfn> of a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code> element is the height in CSS pixels of the
  number of lines specified the element's <a href="the-button-element.html#attr-textarea-rows-value" title="attr-textarea-rows-value">character height</a>, plus the
  height of a scrollbar in CSS pixels.</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to apply the 'white-space' CSS property
  to <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code> elements. For historical reasons, if the
  element has a <code title="attr-textarea-wrap"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-textarea-wrap">wrap</a></code> attribute
  whose value is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
  string "<code title="attr-textarea-wrap-off">off</code>", then the
  user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href="#presentational-hints" title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the
  element's 'white-space' property to 'pre'.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-keygen-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.16 </span>The <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-keygen-element">keygen</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

keygen { binding: <i title="">keygen</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">keygen</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-keygen-element">keygen</a></code> element, the element is expected to render as an
  'inline-block' box containing a user interface to configure the key
  pair to be generated.</p>

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h4 id="the-time-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.17 </span>The <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element">time</a></code> element</h4>

  <pre class="css">@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);

time[datetime] { binding: <i title="">time</i>; }</pre>

  <p>When the <i title="">time</i> binding applies to a
  <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element">time</a></code> element, the element is expected to render as if
  it contained text conveying the <a href="text-level-semantics.html#concept-time-date" title="concept-time-date">date</a> (if known), <a href="text-level-semantics.html#concept-time-time" title="concept-time-time">time</a> (if known), and <a href="text-level-semantics.html#concept-time-timezone" title="concept-time-timezone">time-zone offset</a> (if known)
  represented by the element, in the fashion most convenient for the
  user.</p>

  

  </div><div class="impl">

  <h3 id="frames-and-framesets"><span class="secno">10.5 </span>Frames and framesets</h3>

  <p>When an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element's second child element is a
  <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element, the user agent is expected to render
  the <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element as described below across the
  surface of the viewport, instead of applying the usual CSS rendering
  rules.</p>

  <p>When rendering a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> on a surface, the user
  agent is expected to use the following layout algorithm:</p>

  <ol><li>

    <p>The <var title="">cols</var> and <var title="">rows</var>
    variables are lists of zero or more pairs consisting of a number
    and a unit, the unit being one of <i>percentage</i>,
    <i>relative</i>, and <i>absolute</i>.</p>

    <p>Use the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-list-of-dimensions">rules for parsing a list of dimensions</a> to
    parse the value of the element's <code title="attr-frameset-cols">cols</code> attribute, if there is
    one. Let <var title="">cols</var> be the result, or an empty list
    if there is no such attribute.</p>

    <p>Use the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-list-of-dimensions">rules for parsing a list of dimensions</a> to
    parse the value of the element's <code title="attr-frameset-rows">rows</code> attribute, if there is
    one. Let <var title="">rows</var> be the result, or an empty list
    if there is no such attribute.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>For any of the entries in <var title="">cols</var> or <var title="">rows</var> that have the number zero and the unit
    <i>relative</i>, change the entry's number to one.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>If <var title="">cols</var> has no entries, then add a single
    entry consisting of the value 1 and the unit <i>relative</i> to
    <var title="">cols</var>.</p>

    <p>If <var title="">rows</var> has no entries, then add a single
    entry consisting of the value 1 and the unit <i>relative</i> to
    <var title="">rows</var>.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>Invoke the algorithm defined below to <a href="#convert-a-list-of-dimensions-to-a-list-of-pixel-values">convert a list of
    dimensions to a list of pixel values</a> using <var title="">cols</var> as the input list, and the width of the
    surface that the <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> is being rendered into, in
    CSS pixels, as the input dimension. Let <var title="">sized
    cols</var> be the resulting list.</p>

    <p>Invoke the algorithm defined below to <a href="#convert-a-list-of-dimensions-to-a-list-of-pixel-values">convert a list of
    dimensions to a list of pixel values</a> using <var title="">rows</var> as the input list, and the height of the
    surface that the <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> is being rendered into, in
    CSS pixels, as the input dimension. Let <var title="">sized
    rows</var> be the resulting list.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>Split the surface into a grid of <span title=""><var title="">w</var>&#215;<var title="">h</var></span> rectangles,
    where <var title="">w</var> is the number of entries in <var title="">sized cols</var> and <var title="">h</var> is the number
    of entries in <var title="">sized rows</var>.</p>

    <p>Size the columns so that each column in the grid is as many CSS
    pixels wide as the corresponding entry in the <var title="">sized
    cols</var> list.</p>

    <p>Size the rows so that each row in the grid is as many CSS
    pixels high as the corresponding entry in the <var title="">sized
    rows</var> list.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>Let <var title="">children</var> be the list of
    <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> and <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> elements that are
    children of the <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element for which the
    algorithm was invoked.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>For each row of the grid of rectangles created in the previous
    step, from top to bottom, run these substeps:</p>

    <ol><li>

      <p>For each rectangle in the row, from left to right, run these
      substeps:</p>

      <ol><li>

        <p>If there are any elements left in <var title="">children</var>, take the first element in the list,
        and assign it to the rectangle.</p>

        <p>If this is a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element, then recurse
        the entire <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> layout algorithm for that
        <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element, with the rectangle as the
        surface.</p>

        <p>Otherwise, it is a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> element; create a
        <a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-context">nested browsing context</a> sized to fit the
        rectangle.</p>

       </li>

       <li>

        <p>If there are any elements left in <var title="">children</var>, remove the first element from <var title="">children</var>.</p>

      </li></ol></li>

    </ol></li>

   <li>

    <p>If the <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element <a href="#has-a-border">has a border</a>,
    draw an outer set of borders around the rectangles, using the
    element's <a href="#frame-border-color">frame border color</a>.</p>

    <p>For each rectangle, if there is an element assigned to that
    rectangle, and that element <a href="#has-a-border">has a border</a>, draw an
    inner set of borders around that rectangle, using the
    element's <a href="#frame-border-color">frame border color</a>.</p>

    <p>For each (visible) border that does not abut a rectangle that
    is assigned a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-frame-noresize">noresize</code> attribute (including
    rectangles in further nested <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> elements), the
    user agent is expected to allow the user to move the border,
    resizing the rectangles within, keeping the proportions of any
    nested <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> grids.</p>

    <p>A <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> or <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> element <dfn id="has-a-border">has
    a border</dfn> if the following algorithm returns true:</p>

    <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title="attr-frames-frameborder">frameborder</code> attribute
     whose value is not the empty string and whose first character is
     either a U+0031 DIGIT ONE (1) character, a U+0079 LATIN SMALL
     LETTER Y character (y), or a U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
     character (Y), then return true.</p></li>

     <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a <code title="attr-frames-frameborder">frameborder</code> attribute,
     return false.</p></li>

     <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a parent element that is a
     <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element, then return true if <em>that</em>
     element <a href="#has-a-border">has a border</a>, and false if it does
     not.</p></li>

     <li><p>Otherwise, return true.</p></li>

    </ol><p>The <dfn id="frame-border-color">frame border color</dfn> of a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> or
    <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code> element is the color obtained from the
    following algorithm:</p>

    <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title="attr-frames-bordercolor">bordercolor</code> attribute, and
     applying the <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value">rules for parsing a legacy color value</a>
     to that attribute's value does not result in an error, then
     return the color so obtained.</p></li>

     <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a parent element that is a
     <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element, then the <a href="#frame-border-color">frame border
     color</a> of that element.</p>

     </li><li><p>Otherwise, return gray.</p></li>

    </ol></li>

  </ol><p>The algorithm to <dfn id="convert-a-list-of-dimensions-to-a-list-of-pixel-values">convert a list of dimensions to a list of
  pixel values</dfn> consists of the following steps:</p>

  <ol><li>

    <p>Let <var title="">input list</var> be the list of numbers and
    units passed to the algorithm.</p>

    <p>Let <var title="">output list</var> be a list of numbers the
    same length as <var title="">input list</var>, all zero.</p>

    <p>Entries in <var title="">output list</var> correspond to the
    entries in <var title="">input list</var> that have the same
    position.</p>

   </li>

   <li><p>Let <var title="">input dimension</var> be the size passed
   to the algorithm.</p>

   </li><li>

    <p>Let <var title="">count percentage</var> be the number of
    entries in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is
    <i>percentage</i>.</p>

    <p>Let <var title="">total percentage</var> be the sum of all the
    numbers in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is
    <i>percentage</i>.</p>

    <p>Let <var title="">count relative</var> be the number of
    entries in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is
    <i>relative</i>.</p>

    <p>Let <var title="">total relative</var> be the sum of all the
    numbers in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is
    <i>relative</i>.</p>

    <p>Let <var title="">count absolute</var> be the number of
    entries in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is
    <i>absolute</i>.</p>

    <p>Let <var title="">total absolute</var> be the sum of all the
    numbers in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is
    <i>absolute</i>.</p>

    <p>Let <var title="">remaining space</var> be the value of <var title="">input dimension</var>.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>If <var title="">total absolute</var> is greater than <var title="">remaining space</var>, then for each entry in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is <i>absolute</i>, set the
    corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the
    number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var> multiplied
    by <var title="">remaining space</var> and divided by <var title="">total absolute</var>. Then, set <var title="">remaining
    space</var> to zero.</p>

    <p>Otherwise, for each entry in <var title="">input list</var>
    whose unit is <i>absolute</i>, set the corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var>. Then, decrement <var title="">remaining
    space</var> by <var title="">total absolute</var>.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>If <var title="">total percentage</var> multiplied by the <var title="">input dimension</var> and divided by 100 is greater than
    <var title="">remaining space</var>, then for each entry in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is <i>percentage</i>, set the
    corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the
    number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var> multiplied
    by <var title="">remaining space</var> and divided by <var title="">total percentage</var>. Then, set <var title="">remaining
    space</var> to zero.</p>

    <p>Otherwise, for each entry in <var title="">input list</var>
    whose unit is <i>percentage</i>, set the corresponding value in
    <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var> multiplied by the <var title="">input
    dimension</var> and divided by 100. Then, decrement <var title="">remaining space</var> by <var title="">total
    percentage</var> multiplied by the <var title="">input
    dimension</var> and divided by 100.</p>

   </li>

   <li>

    <p>For each entry in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is
    <i>relative</i>, set the corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var> multiplied by <var title="">remaining
    space</var> and divided by <var title="">total relative</var>.</p>

   </li>

   <li><p>Return <var title="">output list</var>.</p></li>

  </ol><p>User agents working with integer values for frame widths (as
  opposed to user agents that can lay frames out with subpixel
  accuracy) are expected to distribute the remainder first to the last
  entry whose unit is <i>relative</i>, then equally (not
  proportionally) to each entry whose unit is <i>percentage</i>, then
  equally (not proportionally) to each entry whose unit is
  <i>absolute</i>, and finally, failing all else, to the last
  entry.</p>


  </div><div class="impl">

  <h3 id="interactive-media"><span class="secno">10.6 </span>Interactive media</h3>

  <h4 id="links-forms-and-navigation"><span class="secno">10.6.1 </span>Links, forms, and navigation</h4>

  <p>User agents are expected to allow the user to control aspects of
  <a href="links.html#hyperlink">hyperlink</a> activation and <a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-submission">form submission</a>,
  such as which <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a> is to be used for the
  subsequent <a href="history.html#navigate" title="navigate">navigation</a>.</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to allow users to discover the
  destination of <a href="links.html#hyperlink" title="hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> and of
  <a href="forms.html#the-form-element" title="form">forms</a> before triggering their <a href="history.html#navigate" title="navigate">navigation</a>.</p>


  <p>User agents are expected to allow users to
  <a href="history.html#navigate">navigate</a> <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context" title="browsing
  context">browsing contexts</a> to the resources <a href="urls.html#resolve-a-url" title="resolve a url">indicated</a> by the <code title="">cite</code> attributes on <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element">q</a></code>,
  <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code>, 
  <code><a href="edits.html#the-ins-element">ins</a></code>, and <code><a href="edits.html#the-del-element">del</a></code> elements.</p>

  <p>User agents are expected to surface <a href="links.html#hyperlink" title="hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> created by <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code>
  elements in their user interface.</p>

  <p class="note">While <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code> elements that create <a href="links.html#hyperlink" title="hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> will match the ':link' or
  ':visited' pseudo-classes, will react to clicks if visible, and so
  forth, this does not extend to any browser interface constructs that
  expose those same links. Activating a link through the browser's
  interface, rather than in the page itself, does not trigger <code title="event-click"><a href="infrastructure.html#event-click">click</a></code> events and the like.</p>




  <h4 id="the-title-attribute-0"><span class="secno">10.6.2 </span>The <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute">title</a></code> attribute</h4>

  <p>Given an element (e.g. the element designated by the mouse
  cursor), if the element, or one of its ancestors, has a <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute">title</a></code> attribute, and the nearest such
  attribute has a value that is not the empty string, it is expected
  that the user agent will expose the contents of that attribute as a
  tooltip.</p>

  <p>U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters are expected to cause line
  breaks in the tooltip, U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters
  are expected to render as a non-zero horizontal shift that lines up
  the next glpyh with the next tab stop, with tab stops occurring at
  points that are multiples of 8 times the width of a U+0020 SPACE
  character.</p>

  <p>User agents are encouraged to make it possible to view tooltips
  without the use of a pointing device, since not all users are able
  to use pointing devices.</p>

  <div class="example">

   <p>For example, a visual user agent could make elements with a
   <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute">title</a></code> attribute focusable, and
   could make any focused element with a <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute">title</a></code> attribute show its tooltip under
   the element while the element has focus. This would allow a user to
   tab around the document to find all the advisory text.</p>

  </div>

  <div class="example">

   <p>As another example, a screen reader could provide an audio cue
   when reading an element with a tooltip, with an associated key to
   read the last tooltip for which a cue was played.</p>

  </div>


  <h4 id="editing-hosts"><span class="secno">10.6.3 </span>Editing hosts</h4>

  <p>The current text editing caret (the one at the <a href="editing.html#caret-position">caret
  position</a> in a focused <a href="editing.html#editing-host">editing host</a>) is expected
  to act like an inline replaced element with the vertical dimensions
  of the caret and with zero width for the purposes of the CSS
  rendering model.</p>

  <p class="note">This means that even an empty block can have the
  caret inside it, and that when the caret is in such an element, it
  prevents margins from collapsing through the element.</p>



  <h4 id="text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces"><span class="secno">10.6.4 </span>Text rendered in native user interfaces</h4>

  <p>User agents are expected to honor the Unicode semantics of text
  that is exposed in user interfaces, for example supporting the
  bidirectional algorithm in text shown in dialogs, title bars, pop-up
  menus, and tooltips. Text from elements (either attribute values or
  the contents of elements) is expected to be rendered in a manner
  that honors <a href="elements.html#the-directionality">the directionality</a> of the element from
  which the text was obtained.</p>

  <div class="example">

   <p>Consider the following markup, which has Hebrew text asking for
   a programming language, the languages being text for which a
   left-to-right direction is important given the punctuation in some
   of their names:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p dir="rtl" lang="he"&gt;
 &lt;label&gt;
  <span dir="rtl" lang="he" title="">&#1489;&#1495;&#1512; &#1513;&#1508;&#1514; &#1514;&#1499;&#1504;&#1493;&#1514;:</span>
  &lt;select&gt;
   &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;C++&lt;/option&gt;
   &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;C#&lt;/option&gt;
   &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;FreePascal&lt;/option&gt;
   &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;F#&lt;/option&gt;
  &lt;/select&gt;
 &lt;/label&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

   <p>If the <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element was rendered as a drop down
   box, a correct rendering would ensure that the punctuation was the
   same both in the drop down, and in the box showing the current
   selection.</p>

   <p><img alt="" height="105" src="bidiselect.png" width="206"></p> 
  </div>

  <p>A string provided by a script (e.g. the argument to <code title="dom-alert"><a href="timers.html#dom-alert">window.alert()</a></code>) is expected to be treated
  as an independent set of one or more bidirectional algorithm
  paragraphs when displayed, as defined by the bidirectional
  algorithm, including, for instance, supporting the
  paragraph-breaking behaviour of U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters.
  For the purposes of determining the paragraph level of such text in
  the bidirectional algorithm, this specification does <em>not</em>
  provide a higher-level override of rules P2 and P3. <a href="references.html#refsBIDI">[BIDI]</a></p>

  <p>When necessary, authors can enforce a particular direction for a
  given paragraph by starting it with the Unicode U+200E LEFT-TO-RIGHT
  MARK or U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK characters.</p>

  <div class="example">

   <p>Thus, the following script:</p>

   <pre>alert('\u05DC\u05DE\u05D3 HTML \u05D4\u05D9\u05D5\u05DD!')</pre>

   <p>...would always result in a message reading
        "<bdo dir="rtl" title="">&#1500;&#1502;&#1491;&#160;LMTH&#160;&#1492;&#1497;&#1493;&#1501;!</bdo>"
   (not "<bdo dir="ltr" title="">&#1491;&#1502;&#1500;&#160;HTML&#160;&#1501;&#1493;&#1497;&#1492;!</bdo>"),
   regardless of the language of the user agent interface or the
   direction of the page or any of its elements.</p>

  </div>

  <div class="example">

   <p>For a more complex example, consider the following script:</p>

   <pre class="bad">/* Warning: this script does not handle right-to-left scripts correctly */
var s;
if (s = prompt('What is your name?')) {
  alert(s + '! Ok, Fred, ' + s + ', and Wilma will get the car.');
}</pre>

   <p>When the user enters "<kbd>Kitty</kbd>", the user agent would
   alert "<samp>Kitty! Ok, Fred, Kitty, and Wilma will get the
   car.</samp>". However, if the user enters "<kbd dir="rtl" lang="ar">&#1604;&#1575;&#160;&#1571;&#1601;&#1607;&#1605;</kbd>",
   then the bidirectional algorithm will determine that the direction
   of the paragraph is right-to-left, and so the output will be the
   following unintended mess: "<samp><bdo dir="rtl">&#1604;&#1575;&#160;&#1571;&#1601;&#1607;&#1605;!&#160;derF&#160;,kO,&#160;&#1604;&#1575;&#160;&#1571;&#1601;&#1607;&#1605;,&#160;rac&#160;eht&#160;teg&#160;lliw&#160;amliW&#160;dna.</bdo></samp>"</p>

   <p>To force an alert that starts with user-provided text (or other
   text of unknown directionality) to render left-to-right, the string
   can be prefixed with a U+200E LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK character:</p>

   <pre>var s;
if (s = prompt('What is your name?')) {
  alert('<strong>\u200E</strong>' + s + '! Ok, Fred, ' + s + ', and Wilma will get the car.');
}</pre>

  </div>



  <h3 id="print-media"><span class="secno">10.7 </span>Print media</h3>

  <p>User agents are expected to allow the user to request the
  opportunity to <dfn id="obtain-a-physical-form">obtain a physical form</dfn> (or a
  representation of a physical form) of a <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code>. For
  example, selecting the option to print a page or convert it to PDF
  format.</p>

  <p>When the user actually <a href="#obtain-a-physical-form" title="obtain a physical
  form">obtains a physical form</a> (or a representation of a
  physical form) of a <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code>, the user agent is
  expected to create a new rendering of the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#document">Document</a></code> for
  the print media.</p>



  </div></body></html>