interactive-elements.html
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="en-US-x-Hixie" ><head><title>4.11 Interactive elements — HTML5 </title><style type="text/css">
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<h1>HTML5</h1>
</div><div>
<a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html" class="prev">4.10.18 Association of controls and forms</a> –
<a href="spec.html#contents">Table of contents</a> –
<a href="commands.html" class="next">4.11.5 Commands</a>
<ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#interactive-elements"><span class="secno">4.11 </span>Interactive elements</a>
<ol><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element"><span class="secno">4.11.1 </span>The <code>details</code> element</a></li><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-summary-element"><span class="secno">4.11.2 </span>The <code>summary</code> element</a></li><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-command-element"><span class="secno">4.11.3 </span>The <code>command</code> element</a></li><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-menu-element"><span class="secno">4.11.4 </span>The <code>menu</code> element</a>
<ol><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus-intro"><span class="secno">4.11.4.1 </span>Introduction</a></li><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#building-menus-and-toolbars"><span class="secno">4.11.4.2 </span>Building menus and toolbars</a></li><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#context-menus"><span class="secno">4.11.4.3 </span>Context menus</a></li><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#toolbars"><span class="secno">4.11.4.4 </span>Toolbars</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div>
<h3 id="interactive-elements"><span class="secno">4.11 </span>Interactive elements</h3><h4 id="the-details-element"><span class="secno">4.11.1 </span>The <dfn><code>details</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
<dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
<dd><a href="sections.html#sectioning-root">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
<dd><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
<dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
<dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
<dt>Content model:</dt>
<dd>One <code><a href="#the-summary-element">summary</a></code> element followed by <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a>.</dd>
<dt>Content attributes:</dt>
<dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-details-open"><a href="#attr-details-open">open</a></code></dd>
<dt>DOM interface:</dt>
<dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmldetailselement">HTMLDetailsElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {
attribute boolean <a href="#dom-details-open" title="dom-details-open">open</a>;
};</pre>
</dd>
</dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-details-element">details</a></code> element <a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> a
disclosure widget from which the user can obtain additional
information or controls.</p><p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-details-element">details</a></code> element is not appropriate
for footnotes. Please see <a href="links.html#footnotes">the section on
footnotes</a> for details on how to mark up footnotes.</p><p>The <span class="impl">first</span> <code><a href="#the-summary-element">summary</a></code> element
child of the element, if any, <a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> the summary or
legend of the details. <span class="impl">If there is no child
<code><a href="#the-summary-element">summary</a></code> element, the user agent should provide its own
legend (e.g. "Details").</span></p><p>The <dfn id="attr-details-open" title="attr-details-open"><code>open</code></dfn>
content attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute">boolean attribute</a>. If present,
it indicates that the details are to be shown to the user. If the
attribute is absent, the details are not to be shown.</p><div class="impl">
<p>When the element is created, if the attribute is absent, the
details should be hidden; if the attribute is absent, the details
should be shown. Subsequently, if the attribute is removed, then the
details should be hidden; if the attribute is added, the details
should be shown.</p>
<p>The user agent should allow the user to request that the details
be shown or hidden. To honor a request for the details to be shown,
the user agent must set the <code title="attr-details-open"><a href="#attr-details-open">open</a></code> attribute on the element to
the value <code title="">open</code>. To honor a request for the
details to be hidden, the user agent must remove the <code title="attr-details-open"><a href="#attr-details-open">open</a></code> attribute from the
element.</p>
<p>The <dfn id="dom-details-open" title="dom-details-open"><code>open</code></dfn> IDL
attribute must <a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#reflect">reflect</a> the <code title="attr-details-open"><a href="#attr-details-open">open</a></code> content attribute.</p>
</div><div class="example">
<p>The following example shows the <code><a href="#the-details-element">details</a></code> element
being used to hide technical details in a progress report.</p>
<pre><section class="progress window">
<h1>Copying "Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams"</h1>
<details>
<summary>Copying... <progress max="375505392" value="97543282"></progress> 25%</summary>
<dl>
<dt>Transfer rate:</dt> <dd>452KB/s</dd>
<dt>Local filename:</dt> <dd>/home/rpausch/raycd.m4v</dd>
<dt>Remote filename:</dt> <dd>/var/www/lectures/raycd.m4v</dd>
<dt>Duration:</dt> <dd>01:16:27</dd>
<dt>Color profile:</dt> <dd>SD (6-1-6)</dd>
<dt>Dimensions:</dt> <dd>320×240</dd>
</dl>
</details>
</section></pre>
</div><div class="example">
<p>The following shows how a <code><a href="#the-details-element">details</a></code> element can be
used to hide some controls by default:</p>
<pre><details>
<summary><label for=fn>Name & Extension:</label></summary>
<p><input type=text id=fn name=fn value="Pillar Magazine.pdf">
<p><label><input type=checkbox name=ext checked> Hide extension</label>
</details></pre>
<p>One could use this in conjunction with other <code><a href="#the-details-element">details</a></code>
in a list to allow the user to collapse a set of fields down to a
small set of headings, with the ability to open each one.</p>
<p class="details-example"><img alt="" height="611" src="sample-details-1.png" width="345"><img alt="" height="666" src="sample-details-2.png" width="345"></p>
<p>In these examples, the summary really just summarises what the
controls can change, and not the actual values, which is less than
ideal.</p>
</div><h4 id="the-summary-element"><span class="secno">4.11.2 </span>The <dfn><code>summary</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
<dd>None.</dd>
<dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
<dd>As the first child of a <code><a href="#the-details-element">details</a></code> element.</dd>
<dt>Content model:</dt>
<dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
<dt>Content attributes:</dt>
<dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
<dt>DOM interface:</dt>
<dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
</dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-summary-element">summary</a></code> element <a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> a
summary, caption, or legend for the rest of the contents of the
<code><a href="#the-summary-element">summary</a></code> element's parent <code><a href="#the-details-element">details</a></code>
element<span class="impl">, if any</span>.</p><h4 id="the-command-element"><span class="secno">4.11.3 </span>The <dfn id="the-command"><code>command</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
<dd><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content">Metadata content</a>.</dd>
<dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
<dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
<dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
<dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#metadata-content">metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
<dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
<dt>Content model:</dt>
<dd>Empty.</dd>
<dt>Content attributes:</dt>
<dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type">type</a></code></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-command-label"><a href="#attr-command-label">label</a></code></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-command-icon"><a href="#attr-command-icon">icon</a></code></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-command-disabled"><a href="#attr-command-disabled">disabled</a></code></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-command-checked"><a href="#attr-command-checked">checked</a></code></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-command-radiogroup"><a href="#attr-command-radiogroup">radiogroup</a></code></dd>
<dd>Also, the <code title="attr-command-title"><a href="#attr-command-title">title</a></code> attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
<dt>DOM interface:</dt>
<dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlcommandelement">HTMLCommandElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {
attribute DOMString <a href="#dom-command-type" title="dom-command-type">type</a>;
attribute DOMString <a href="#dom-command-label" title="dom-command-label">label</a>;
attribute DOMString <a href="#dom-command-icon" title="dom-command-icon">icon</a>;
attribute boolean <a href="#dom-command-disabled" title="dom-command-disabled">disabled</a>;
attribute boolean <a href="#dom-command-checked" title="dom-command-checked">checked</a>;
attribute DOMString <a href="#dom-command-radiogroup" title="dom-command-radiogroup">radiogroup</a>;};</pre>
</dd>
</dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-command-element">command</a></code> element represents a command that the user
can invoke.</p><p>A command can be part of a context menu or toolbar, using the
<code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element, or can be put anywhere else in the page,
to define a keyboard shortcut.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-command-type" title="attr-command-type"><code>type</code></dfn>
attribute indicates the kind of command: either a normal command
with an associated action, or a state or option that can be toggled,
or a selection of one item from a list of items.</p><p>The attribute is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute">enumerated attribute</a> with three
keywords and states. The "<dfn id="attr-command-type-keyword-command" title="attr-command-type-keyword-command"><code>command</code></dfn>"
keyword maps to the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-command" title="attr-command-type-state-command">Command</a> state, the
"<dfn id="attr-command-type-keyword-checkbox" title="attr-command-type-keyword-checkbox"><code>checkbox</code></dfn>"
keyword maps to the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-checkbox" title="attr-command-type-state-checkbox">Checkbox</a> state, and
the "<dfn id="attr-command-type-keyword-radio" title="attr-command-type-keyword-radio"><code>radio</code></dfn>"
keyword maps to the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-radio" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</a> state. The
<i>missing value default</i> is the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-command" title="attr-command-type-state-command">Command</a> state.</p><dl><dt>The <dfn id="attr-command-type-state-command" title="attr-command-type-state-command">Command</dfn> state</dt>
<dd><p>The element <a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> a normal command with an associated action.</p></dd>
<dt>The <dfn id="attr-command-type-state-checkbox" title="attr-command-type-state-checkbox">Checkbox</dfn> state</dt>
<dd><p>The element <a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> a state or option that can be toggled.</p></dd>
<dt>The <dfn id="attr-command-type-state-radio" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</dfn> state</dt>
<dd><p>The element <a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> a selection of one item from a list of items.</p></dd>
</dl><p>The <dfn id="attr-command-label" title="attr-command-label"><code>label</code></dfn>
attribute gives the name of the command, as shown to the user. The
<code title="attr-command-label"><a href="#attr-command-label">label</a></code> attribute must be
specified and must have a value that is not the empty string.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-command-title" title="attr-command-title"><code>title</code></dfn>
attribute gives a hint describing the command, which might be shown
to the user to help him.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-command-icon" title="attr-command-icon"><code>icon</code></dfn>
attribute gives a picture that represents the command. If the
attribute is specified, the attribute's value must contain a
<a href="urls.html#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces">valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by
spaces</a>. <span class="impl">To obtain the <a href="urls.html#absolute-url">absolute
URL</a> of the icon when the attribute's value is not the empty
string, the attribute's value must be <a href="urls.html#resolve-a-url" title="resolve a
url">resolved</a> relative to the element. When the attribute is
absent, or its value is the empty string, or <a href="urls.html#resolve-a-url" title="resolve a
url">resolving</a> its value fails, there is no icon.</span></p><p>The <dfn id="attr-command-disabled" title="attr-command-disabled"><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute
is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute">boolean attribute</a> that, if present, indicates that
the command is not available in the current state.</p><p class="note">The distinction between <code title="attr-command-disabled"><a href="#attr-command-disabled">disabled</a></code> and <code title="attr-hidden"><a href="editing.html#the-hidden-attribute">hidden</a></code> is subtle. A command would be
disabled if, in the same context, it could be enabled if only
certain aspects of the situation were changed. A command would be
marked as hidden if, in that situation, the command will never be
enabled. For example, in the context menu for a water faucet, the
command "open" might be disabled if the faucet is already open, but
the command "eat" would be marked hidden since the faucet could
never be eaten.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-command-checked" title="attr-command-checked"><code>checked</code></dfn>
attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute">boolean attribute</a> that, if present,
indicates that the command is selected. The attribute must be
omitted unless the <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type">type</a></code>
attribute is in either the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-checkbox" title="attr-command-type-state-checkbox">Checkbox</a> state or
the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-radio" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</a>
state.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-command-radiogroup" title="attr-command-radiogroup"><code>radiogroup</code></dfn>
attribute gives the name of the group of commands that will be
toggled when the command itself is toggled, for commands whose <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type">type</a></code> attribute has the value "<code title="">radio</code>". The scope of the name is the child list of
the parent element. The attribute must be omitted unless the <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-radio" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</a> state.</p><div class="impl">
<p>The <dfn id="dom-command-type" title="dom-command-type"><code>type</code></dfn> IDL
attribute must <a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#reflect">reflect</a> the content attribute of the
same name, <a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#limited-to-only-known-values">limited to only known values</a>.</p>
<p>The <dfn id="dom-command-label" title="dom-command-label"><code>label</code></dfn>, <dfn id="dom-command-icon" title="dom-command-icon"><code>icon</code></dfn>, <dfn id="dom-command-disabled" title="dom-command-disabled"><code>disabled</code></dfn>, <dfn id="dom-command-checked" title="dom-command-checked"><code>checked</code></dfn>, and <dfn id="dom-command-radiogroup" title="dom-command-radiogroup"><code>radiogroup</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#reflect">reflect</a> the respective content
attributes of the same name.</p>
<p>The element's <a href="content-models.html#activation-behavior">activation behavior</a> depends on the
value of the <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type">type</a></code> attribute
of the element, as follows:</p>
<dl class="switch"><dt>If the <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type">type</a></code> attribute is
in the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-checkbox" title="attr-command-type-state-checkbox">Checkbox</a> state</dt>
<dd><p>If the element has a <code title="attr-command-checked"><a href="#attr-command-checked">checked</a></code> attribute, the UA must
remove that attribute. Otherwise, the UA must add a <code title="attr-command-checked"><a href="#attr-command-checked">checked</a></code> attribute, with the
literal value <code title="">checked</code>. The UA must then
<a href="webappapis.html#fire-a-click-event">fire a <code title="event-click">click</code> event</a> at the
element.</p></dd>
<dt>If the <code title="attr-command-type"><a href="#attr-command-type">type</a></code> attribute is
in the <a href="#attr-command-type-state-radio" title="attr-command-type-state-radio">Radio</a> state</dt>
<dd><p>If the element has a parent, then the UA must walk the list
of child nodes of that parent element, and for each node that is a
<code><a href="#the-command-element">command</a></code> element, if that element has a <code title="attr-command-radiogroup"><a href="#attr-command-radiogroup">radiogroup</a></code> attribute whose
value exactly matches the current element's (treating missing <code title="attr-command-radiogroup"><a href="#attr-command-radiogroup">radiogroup</a></code> attributes as if
they were the empty string), and has a <code title="attr-command-checked"><a href="#attr-command-checked">checked</a></code> attribute, must remove
that attribute.</p>
<p>Then, the element's <code title="attr-command-checked"><a href="#attr-command-checked">checked</a></code> attribute attribute
must be set to the literal value <code title="">checked</code> and
the user agent must <a href="webappapis.html#fire-a-click-event">fire a <code title="event-click">click</code>
event</a> at the element.</p></dd>
<dt>Otherwise</dt>
<dd><p>The element has no <a href="content-models.html#activation-behavior">activation behavior</a>.</p></dd>
</dl><p class="note">Firing a synthetic <code title="event-click"><a href="infrastructure.html#event-click">click</a></code> event at the element does not cause
any of the actions described above to happen.</p>
</div><p class="note"><code><a href="#the-command-element">command</a></code> elements are not rendered
unless they <a href="#the-menu-element" title="menu">form part of a menu</a>.</p><div class="example">
<p>Here is an example of a toolbar with three buttons that let the
user toggle between left, center, and right alignment. One could
imagine such a toolbar as part of a text editor. The toolbar also
has a separator followed by another button labeled "Publish",
though that button is disabled.</p>
<pre><menu type="toolbar">
<command type="radio" radiogroup="alignment" checked="checked"
label="Left" icon="icons/alL.png" onclick="setAlign('left')">
<command type="radio" radiogroup="alignment"
label="Center" icon="icons/alC.png" onclick="setAlign('center')">
<command type="radio" radiogroup="alignment"
label="Right" icon="icons/alR.png" onclick="setAlign('right')">
<hr>
<command type="command" disabled
label="Publish" icon="icons/pub.png" onclick="publish()">
</menu></pre>
</div><h4 id="the-menu-element"><span class="secno">4.11.4 </span>The <dfn id="menus"><code>menu</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
<dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
<dd>If the element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#toolbar-state" title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state: <a href="content-models.html#interactive-content">Interactive content</a>.</dd>
<dt>Contexts in which this element can be used:</dt>
<dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
<dt>Content model:</dt>
<dd>Either: Zero or more <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> elements.</dd>
<dd>Or: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
<dt>Content attributes:</dt>
<dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type">type</a></code></dd>
<dd><code title="attr-menu-label"><a href="#attr-menu-label">label</a></code></dd>
<dt>DOM interface:</dt>
<dd>
<pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlmenuelement">HTMLMenuElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {
attribute DOMString <a href="#dom-menu-type" title="dom-menu-type">type</a>;
attribute DOMString <a href="#dom-menu-label" title="dom-menu-label">label</a>;
};</pre>
</dd></dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element represents a list of commands.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-menu-type" title="attr-menu-type"><code>type</code></dfn> attribute
is an <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#enumerated-attribute">enumerated attribute</a> indicating the kind of menu
being declared. The attribute has three states. The <code title="attr-menu-type-context">context</code> keyword maps to the
<dfn id="context-menu-state" title="context menu state">context menu</dfn> state, in which
the element is declaring a context menu. The <code title="attr-menu-type-toolbar">toolbar</code> keyword maps to the
<dfn id="toolbar-state" title="toolbar state">toolbar</dfn> state, in which the
element is declaring a toolbar. The attribute may also be
omitted. The <i>missing value default</i> is the <dfn id="list-state" title="list
state">list</dfn> state, which indicates that the element is merely
a list of commands that is neither declaring a context menu nor
defining a toolbar.</p><p>If a <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#context-menu-state" title="context menu state">context menu</a> state, then the
element <a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> the commands of a context menu, and
the user can only interact with the commands if that context menu is
activated.</p><p>If a <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#toolbar-state" title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state, then the element
<a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> a list of active commands that the user can
immediately interact with.</p><p>If a <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element's <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#list-state" title="list state">list</a> state, then the element either
<a href="rendering.html#represents">represents</a> an unordered list of items (each represented
by an <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element), each of which represents a command
that the user can perform or activate, or, if the element has no
<code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element children, <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a>
describing available commands.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-menu-label" title="attr-menu-label"><code>label</code></dfn>
attribute gives the label of the menu. It is used by user agents to
display nested menus in the UI. For example, a context menu
containing another menu would use the nested menu's <code title="attr-menu-label"><a href="#attr-menu-label">label</a></code> attribute for the submenu's
menu label.</p><div class="impl">
<p>The <dfn id="dom-menu-type" title="dom-menu-type"><code>type</code></dfn> and <dfn id="dom-menu-label" title="dom-menu-label"><code>label</code></dfn> IDL attributes must
<a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#reflect">reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same
name.</p>
</div><h5 id="menus-intro"><span class="secno">4.11.4.1 </span>Introduction</h5><p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p><p>The <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element is used to define context menus and
toolbars.</p><p>For example, the following represents a toolbar with three menu
buttons on it, each of which has a dropdown menu with a series of
options:</p><pre><menu type="toolbar">
<li>
<menu label="File">
<button type="button" onclick="fnew()">New...</button>
<button type="button" onclick="fopen()">Open...</button>
<button type="button" onclick="fsave()">Save</button>
<button type="button" onclick="fsaveas()">Save as...</button>
</menu>
</li>
<li>
<menu label="Edit">
<button type="button" onclick="ecopy()">Copy</button>
<button type="button" onclick="ecut()">Cut</button>
<button type="button" onclick="epaste()">Paste</button>
</menu>
</li>
<li>
<menu label="Help">
<li><a href="help.html">Help</a></li>
<li><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
</menu>
</li>
</menu></pre><p>In a supporting user agent, this might look like this:</p><p><img alt="A toolbar with three buttons, labeled 'File', 'Edit', and 'Help'; where if you select the 'Edit' button you get a drop-down menu with three more options, 'Copy', 'Cut', and 'Paste'." height="101" src="sample-toolbar-1.png" width="303"></p><p>In a legacy user agent, the above would look like a bulleted list
with three items, the first of which has four buttons, the second of
which has three, and the third of which has two nested bullet points
with two items consisting of links.</p><hr><p>The following implements a similar toolbar, with a single button
whose values, when selected, redirect the user to Web sites.</p><pre><form action="redirect.cgi">
<menu type="toolbar">
<label for="goto">Go to...</label>
<menu label="Go">
<select id="goto">
<option value="" selected="selected"> Select site: </option>
<option value="http://www.apple.com/"> Apple </option>
<option value="http://www.mozilla.org/"> Mozilla </option>
<option value="http://www.opera.com/"> Opera </option>
</select>
<span><input type="submit" value="Go"></span>
</menu>
</menu>
</form></pre><p>The behavior in supporting user agents is similar to the example
above, but here the legacy behavior consists of a single
<code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element with a submit button. The submit button
doesn't appear in the toolbar, because it is not a direct child of
the <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element or of its <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code>
children.</p><div class="impl">
<h5 id="building-menus-and-toolbars"><span class="secno">4.11.4.2 </span><dfn>Building menus and toolbars</dfn></h5>
<p>A menu (or toolbar) consists of a list of zero or more of the
following components:</p>
<ul class="brief"><li><a href="commands.html#concept-command" title="concept-command">Commands</a>, which can be marked as default commands</li>
<li>Separators</li>
<li>Other menus (which allows the list to be nested)</li>
</ul><p>The list corresponding to a particular <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element
is built by iterating over its child nodes. For each child node in
<a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree order</a>, the required behavior depends on what the
node is, as follows:</p>
<dl class="switch"><dt>An element that <a href="commands.html#concept-command" title="concept-command">defines a command</a></dt>
<dd>Append the command to the menu, respecting its <a href="commands.html#concept-facet" title="concept-facet">facets</a>. </dd>
<dt>An <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element</dt>
<dt>An <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element that has a <code title="attr-option-value"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-option-value">value</a></code> attribute set to the empty
string, and has a <code title="attr-option-disabled"><a href="the-button-element.html#attr-option-disabled">disabled</a></code> attribute, and whose
<code><a href="infrastructure.html#textcontent">textContent</a></code> consists of a string of one or more
hyphens (U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS)</dt>
<dd>Append a separator to the menu.</dd>
<dt>An <code><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element</dt>
<dt>A <code><a href="forms.html#the-label-element">label</a></code> element</dt>
<dd>Iterate over the children of the element.</dd>
<dt>A <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element with no <code title="attr-menu-label"><a href="#attr-menu-label">label</a></code> attribute</dt>
<dt>A <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element</dt>
<dd>Append a separator to the menu, then iterate over the children
of the <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> or <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element, then
append another separator.</dd>
<dt>A <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-menu-label"><a href="#attr-menu-label">label</a></code> attribute</dt>
<dt>An <code><a href="the-button-element.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element with a <code title="attr-menu-label"><a href="#attr-menu-label">label</a></code> attribute</dt>
<dd>Append a submenu to the menu, using the value of the element's
<code title="">label</code> attribute as the label of the menu. The
submenu must be constructed by taking the element and creating a
new menu for it using the complete process described in this
section.</dd>
<dt>Any other node</dt>
<dd><a href="infrastructure.html#ignore">Ignore</a> the node.</dd>
</dl><p>Once all the nodes have been processed as described above, the
user agent must the post-process the menu as follows:</p>
<ol><li>Except for separators, any menu item with no label, or whose
label is the empty string, must be removed.</li>
<li>Any sequence of two or more separators in a row must be
collapsed to a single separator.</li>
<li>Any separator at the start or end of the menu must be
removed.</li>
</ol></div><h5 id="context-menus"><span class="secno">4.11.4.3 </span><dfn>Context menus</dfn></h5><p>The <dfn id="attr-contextmenu" title="attr-contextmenu"><code>contextmenu</code></dfn>
attribute gives the element's <a href="#context-menus" title="context menus">context
menu</a>. The value must be the <a href="elements.html#concept-id" title="concept-id">ID</a> of a <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element
in the DOM. <span class="impl">If the node that would be obtained by
the invoking the <code title="dom-Document-getElementById"><a href="infrastructure.html#dom-document-getelementbyid">getElementById()</a></code> method
using the attribute's value as the only argument is null or not a
<code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element, then the element has no assigned context
menu. Otherwise, the element's assigned context menu is the element
so identified.</span></p><div class="impl">
<p>When an element's context menu is requested (e.g. by the user
right-clicking the element, or pressing a context menu key), the
user agent must apply the appropriate rules from the following
list:</p>
<dl class="switch"><dt>If the user requested a context menu using a pointing device</dt>
<dd><p>The user agent must dispatch an event with the name <code title="event-contextmenu">contextmenu</code>, that bubbles and is
cancelable, and that uses the <code><a href="infrastructure.html#mouseevent">MouseEvent</a></code> interface, at
the element for which the menu was requested. The context
information of the event must be set to the same values as the last
<code><a href="infrastructure.html#mouseevent">MouseEvent</a></code> user interaction event that was dispatched
as part of the gesture that that was interpreted as a request for
the context menu.</p></dd>
<dt>Otherwise</dt>
<dd><p>The user agent must <a href="webappapis.html#fire-a-synthetic-mouse-event" title="fire a synthetic mouse
event">fire a synthetic mouse event named <code title="event-contextmenu">contextmenu</code></a> that bubbles
and is cancelable at the element for which the menu was
requested.</p></dd>
</dl><p class="note">Typically, therefore, the firing of the <code title="event-contextmenu">contextmenu</code> event will be the
default action of a <code title="mouseup">mouseup</code> or <code title="event-keyup">keyup</code> event. The exact sequence of events
is UA-dependent, as it will vary based on platform conventions.</p>
<p>The default action of the <code title="event-contextmenu">contextmenu</code> event depends on
whether the element or one of its ancestors has a context menu
assigned (using the <code title="attr-contextmenu"><a href="#attr-contextmenu">contextmenu</a></code> attribute) or not. If
there is no context menu assigned, the default action must be for
the user agent to show its default context menu, if it has one.</p>
<p>If the element or one of its ancestors <em>does</em> have a
context menu assigned, then the user agent must <a href="webappapis.html#fire-a-simple-event">fire a simple
event</a> named <code title="event-show">show</code> at the
<code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element of the context menu of the nearest
ancestor (including the element itself) with one assigned.</p>
<p>The default action of <em>this</em> event is that the user agent
must show a context menu <a href="#building-menus-and-toolbars" title="building menus and
toolbars">built</a> from the <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element.</p>
<p>The user agent may also provide access to its default context
menu, if any, with the context menu shown. For example, it could
merge the menu items from the two menus together, or provide the
page's context menu as a submenu of the default menu.</p>
<p>If the user dismisses the menu without making a selection,
nothing in particular happens.</p>
<p>If the user selects a menu item that represents a <a href="commands.html#concept-command" title="concept-command">command</a>, then the UA must invoke
that command's <a href="commands.html#command-facet-action" title="command-facet-Action">Action</a>.</p>
<p>Context menus must not, while being shown, reflect changes in the
DOM; they are constructed as the default action of the <code title="event-show">show</code> event and must remain as constructed
until dismissed.</p>
<p>User agents may provide means for bypassing the context menu
processing model, ensuring that the user can always access the UA's
default context menus. For example, the user agent could handle
right-clicks that have the Shift key depressed in such a way that it
does not fire the <code title="event-contextmenu">contextmenu</code>
event and instead always shows the default context menu.</p>
<p>The <dfn id="dom-contextmenu" title="dom-contextMenu"><code>contextMenu</code></dfn>
IDL attribute must <a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#reflect">reflect</a> the <code title="attr-contextmenu"><a href="#attr-contextmenu">contextmenu</a></code> content attribute.</p>
</div><div class="example">
<p>Here is an example of a context menu for an input control:</p>
<pre><form name="npc">
<label>Character name: <input name=char type=text contextmenu=namemenu required></label>
<menu type=context id=namemenu>
<command label="Pick random name" onclick="document.forms.npc.elements.char.value = getRandomName()">
<command label="Prefill other fields based on name" onclick="prefillFields(document.forms.npc.elements.char.value)">
</menu>
</form></pre>
<p>This adds two items to the control's context menu, one called
"Pick random name", and one called "Prefill other fields based on
name". They invoke scripts that are not shown in the example
above.</p>
</div><div class="impl">
<h5 id="toolbars"><span class="secno">4.11.4.4 </span><dfn>Toolbars</dfn></h5>
<p>When a <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element has a <code title="attr-menu-type"><a href="#attr-menu-type">type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="#toolbar-state" title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state, then the user agent
must <a href="#building-menus-and-toolbars" title="building menus and toolbars">build</a> the
menu for that <code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code> element, and use the result in the
rendering.</p>
<p>The user agent must reflect changes made to the
<code><a href="#the-menu-element">menu</a></code>'s DOM, by immediately <a href="#building-menus-and-toolbars" title="building menus
and toolbars">rebuilding</a> the menu.</p>
</div></body></html>