discontinued / server · Files

CR-css3-background-20110215 177 KB
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  <title>CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3</title>
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   <h1>CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3</h1>

   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>W3C Candidate Recommendation
    15 February 2011</h2>

   <dl>
    <dt>This version:

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/CR-css3-background-20110215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/CR-css3-background-20110215</a>
     <!-- <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-background">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-background</a> -->
     

    <dt>Latest version:

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/">http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/</a>
     

    <dt>Previous versions:

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css3-background-20100612">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css3-background-20100612</a>
     

    <dt id=editors-list>Editors:

    <dd><a href="mailto:bert@w3.org">Bert Bos</a> (<a
     href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>)

    <dd><a href="http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact">Elika J. Etemad</a>
     (Invited Expert)

    <dd><a href="mailto:brad.kemper@gmail.com">Brad Kemper</a> (Invited
     Expert)
   </dl>
   <!--begin-copyright-->
   <p class=copyright><a
    href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
    rel=license>Copyright</a> &copy; 2011 <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web
    Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>&reg;</sup> (<a
    href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute
    of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym
    title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and
    Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a
    href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
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  </div>

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>

  <p>CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured <a
   href="#document">documents</a> (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper,
   in speech, etc. This draft contains the features of CSS level&nbsp;3
   relating to borders and backgrounds. It includes and extends the
   functionality of CSS level&nbsp;2 <a href="#CSS21"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>, which builds on CSS
   level&nbsp;1 <a href="#CSS1" rel=biblioentry>[CSS1]<!--{{CSS1}}--></a>.
   The main extensions compared to level&nbsp;2 are borders consisting of
   images, boxes with multiple backgrounds, boxes with rounded corners and
   boxes with shadows.

  <p>This module replaces two earlier drafts: CSS3 Backgrounds and CSS3
   Border.

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this document</h2>
  <!--begin-status-->

  <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of
   its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
   current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
   can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports
   index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em>

  <p>This document was produced by the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a> as a <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Process/tr#RecsCR">Candidate
   Recommendation.</a>

  <p>A Candidate Recommendation is a document that has been widely reviewed
   and is ready for implementation. W3C encourages everybody to implement
   this specification and return comments to the (<a
   href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public
   mailing list <a
   href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss3-background%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">
   www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>). When sending
   e-mail, please put the text &#8220;css3-background&#8221; in the subject,
   preferably like this: &#8220;[<!---->css3-background<!---->]
   <em>&hellip;summary of comment&hellip;</em>&#8221;

  <p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by
   the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced
   or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite
   this document as other than work in progress.

  <p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
   2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
   rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
   connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
   instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
   knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">
   Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">
   section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
  <!--end-status-->

  <p>The following features are at-risk and may be dropped at the end of the
   CR period if there has not been enough interest from implementers:
   &lsquo;<a href="#box-decoration-break"><code
   class=property>box-decoration-break</code></a>&rsquo;

  <p>The CSS WG maintains an <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Tracker/products/11">issues list</a> for
   this module. A <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/">test suite</a>
   and implementation report for CSS Backgrounds and Borders Level 3 will be
   developed during the Candidate Recommendation phase, which will last a
   minimum of three months, i.e., at least until 15 May 2011. See the section
   <a href="#exit">“CR exit criteria”</a> for more details.

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of contents</h2>
  <!--begin-toc-->

  <ul class=toc>
   <li><a href="#introduction"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>

   <li><a href="#values"><span class=secno>2. </span>Values</a>

   <li><a href="#backgrounds"><span class=secno>3. </span>Background
    properties</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li><a href="#layering"><span class=secno>3.1. </span>Layering multiple
      background images</a>

     <li><a href="#the-background-color"><span class=secno>3.2. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background-color</code>&rsquo; property</a>
      

     <li><a href="#the-background-image"><span class=secno>3.3. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background-image</code>&rsquo; property</a>
      

     <li><a href="#the-background-repeat"><span class=secno>3.4. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background-repeat</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-background-attachment"><span class=secno>3.5.
      </span>The &lsquo;<code
      class=property>background-attachment</code>&rsquo; property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-background-position"><span class=secno>3.6. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background-position</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-background-clip"><span class=secno>3.7. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background-clip</code>&rsquo; property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-background-origin"><span class=secno>3.8. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background-origin</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-background-size"><span class=secno>3.9. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background-size</code>&rsquo; property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-background"><span class=secno>3.10. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>background</code>&rsquo; shorthand
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#special-backgrounds"><span class=secno>3.11. </span>The
      backgrounds of special elements</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#borders"><span class=secno>4. </span>Border properties</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li><a href="#the-border-color"><span class=secno>4.1. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-color</code>&rsquo; properties</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-style"><span class=secno>4.2. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-style</code>&rsquo; properties</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-width"><span class=secno>4.3. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-width</code>&rsquo; properties</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-shorthands"><span class=secno>4.4. </span>The
      border shorthand properties</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#corners"><span class=secno>5. </span>Rounded Corners</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li><a href="#the-border-radius"><span class=secno>5.1. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-radius</code>&rsquo; properties </a>
      

     <li><a href="#corner-shaping"><span class=secno>5.2. </span>Corner
      Shaping</a>

     <li><a href="#corner-clipping"><span class=secno>5.3. </span>Corner
      Clipping</a>

     <li><a href="#corner-transitions"><span class=secno>5.4. </span>Color
      and Style Transitions</a>

     <li><a href="#corner-overlap"><span class=secno>5.5. </span>Overlapping
      Curves</a>

     <li><a href="#border-radius-tables"><span class=secno>5.6. </span>Effect
      on Tables</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#border-images"><span class=secno>6. </span>Border Images</a>
    
    <ul class=toc>
     <li><a href="#the-border-image-source"><span class=secno>6.1. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-image-source</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-image-slice"><span class=secno>6.2. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-image-slice</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-image-width"><span class=secno>6.3. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-image-width</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-image-outset"><span class=secno>6.4. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-image-outset</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-image-repeat"><span class=secno>6.5. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-image-repeat</code>&rsquo;
      property</a>

     <li><a href="#border-image-process"><span class=secno>6.6.
      </span>Border-image drawing process</a>

     <li><a href="#the-border-image"><span class=secno>6.7. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>border-image</code>&rsquo; shorthand</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#misc"><span class=secno>7. </span>Miscellaneous Effects</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li><a href="#the-box-decoration-break"><span class=secno>7.1.
      </span>The &lsquo;<code
      class=property>box-decoration-break</code>&rsquo; property</a>

     <li><a href="#the-box-shadow"><span class=secno>7.2. </span>The
      &lsquo;<code class=property>box-shadow</code>&rsquo; property</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#definitions"><span class=secno>8. </span>Definitions</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li><a href="#glossary"><span class=secno>8.1. </span>Glossary</a>

     <li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>8.2. </span>Conformance</a>
      

     <li><a href="#levels"><span class=secno>8.3. </span>Levels</a>
      <ul class=toc>
       <li><a href="#level-1"><span class=secno>8.3.1. </span>CSS Level 1</a>
        

       <li><a href="#level-2"><span class=secno>8.3.2. </span>CSS Level 2</a>
        

       <li><a href="#level-3"><span class=secno>8.3.3. </span>CSS Level 3</a>
        
      </ul>

     <li><a href="#exit"><span class=secno>8.4. </span>CR exit criteria</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#changes"><span class=secno>9. </span>Changes Since the 17
    December 2009 Candidate Recommendation</a>

   <li><a href="#acknowledgments"><span class=secno>10.
    </span>Acknowledgments</a>

   <li><a href="#references"><span class=secno>11. </span>References</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
      references</a>

     <li class=no-num><a href="#other-references">Other references</a>
    </ul>

   <li class=no-num><a href="#property-index">Property index</a>

   <li class=no-num><a href="#index">Index</a>
  </ul>
  <!--end-toc-->

  <h2 id=introduction><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>

  <p><em>This section is not normative.</em>

  <p>When elements are rendered according to the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/box.html">CSS box model</a> <a
   href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>, each element
   is either not displayed at all, or formatted as one or more rectangular
   boxes. Each box has a rectangular content area, a band of padding around
   the content, a border around the padding, and a margin outside the border.
   (The margin may actually be negative, but margins have no influence on the
   background and border.)

  <div class=figure>
   <p><img alt="Diagram of a typical box, showing the content, padding,
    border and margin areas" src=box>

   <p class=caption>The various areas and edges of a typical box. (This
    diagram is explained in the CSS2.1 Box Model chapter <a href="#CSS21"
    rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.)
  </div>

  <p>The properties of this module deal with the decoration of the border
   area and with the background of the content, padding and border areas.
   Additionally the box may be given a "drop-shadow" effect with the
   &lsquo;<a href="#box-shadow"><code
   class=property>box-shadow</code></a>&rsquo; property.

  <p>If an element is broken into multiple boxes, &lsquo;<a
   href="#box-decoration-break"><code
   class=property>box-decoration-break</code></a>&rsquo; defines how the
   borders and background are divided over the various boxes. (An element can
   result in more than one box if it is broken at the end of a line, at the
   end of a column or at the end of a page; and continued in the next line,
   column or page.)

  <p>The relative stacking order of backgrounds, borders, and shadows is
   given in this module. For how these layers interact with other rendered
   content, see Appendix E “Elaborate description of Stacking Contexts”
   in <a href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.

  <h2 id=values><span class=secno>2. </span>Values</h2>

  <p>This specification follows the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/about.html#property-defs">CSS property
   definition conventions</a> from <a href="#CSS21"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.

  <p><dfn id=ltcolorgt><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></dfn> values are defined in
   CSS Color Level 3 <a href="#CSS3COLOR"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS3COLOR]<!--{{!CSS3COLOR}}--></a>.

  <p><dfn id=ltimagegt><var>&lt;image&gt;</var></dfn> values are defined by
   this specification as <code class=prod><a
   href="#ltimagegt"><var>&lt;image&gt;</var></a> =
   <var>&lt;uri&gt;</var></code>.

  <p class=note>A future specification may expand the definition of <a
   href="#ltimagegt"><var>&lt;image&gt;</var></a> to allow other values,
   e.g., to define image slices.

  <p>All other values are defined in CSS Level 2 Revision 1 <a
   href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.

  <p>All properties defined in this specification also accept the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/cascade.html#value-def-inherit">inherit</a>
   keyword as their property value, but for readability it has not been
   listed explicitly.

  <h2 id=backgrounds><span class=secno>3. </span>Background properties</h2>

  <p>Each box has a background layer that may be fully transparent (the
   default), or filled with a color and/or one or more images. The background
   properties specify what color (&lsquo;<a href="#background-color"><code
   class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo;) and images (&lsquo;<a
   href="#background-image"><code
   class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo;) to use, and how they
   are sized, positioned, tiled, etc.

  <p>The background properties are not inherited, but the parent box's
   background will shine through by default because of the initial
   &lsquo;<code class=property>transparent</code>&rsquo; value on &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-color"><code
   class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo;.

  <h3 id=layering><span class=secno>3.1. </span>Layering multiple background
   images</h3>

  <p>The background of a box can have multiple <span class=index
   id=layers>layers</span> in CSS3. The number of layers is determined by the
   number of comma-separated values in the &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-image"><code
   class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo; property. Note that a
   value of &lsquo;<code class=property>none</code>&rsquo; still creates a
   layer.

  <p>Each of the images is sized, positioned, and tiled according to the
   corresponding value in the other background properties. The lists are
   matched up from the first value: excess values at the end are not used. If
   a property doesn't have enough comma-separated values to match the number
   of layers, the <a href="#ua">UA</a> must calculate its used value by
   repeating the list of values until there are enough.

  <div class=example>
   <p>For example, this set of declarations:

   <pre>
background-image: url(flower.png), url(ball.png), url(grass.png);
background-position: center center, 20% 80%, top left, bottom right;
background-origin: border-box, content-box;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
</pre>

   <p>has exactly the same effect as this set with the extra position dropped
    and the missing values for &lsquo;<a href="#background-origin"><code
    class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<a
    href="#background-repeat"><code
    class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; filled in (emphasized
    for clarity):

   <pre>
background-image: url(flower.png), url(ball.png), url(grass1.png);
background-position: center center, 20% 80%, top left;
background-origin: border-box, content-box<strong>, border-box</strong>;
background-repeat: no-repeat<strong>, no-repeat, no-repeat</strong>;
</pre>
  </div>

  <p>The first image in the list is the layer closest to the user, the next
   one is painted behind the first, and so on. The background color, if
   present, is painted below all of the other layers.

  <p class=note>Note that the <a href="#border-images">border-image
   properties</a> can also define a background image, which, if present, is
   painted on top of the background created by the background properties.

  <h3 id=the-background-color><span class=secno>3.2. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-color"><code
   class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-color>background-color</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltcolorgt"><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>transparent

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>the computed color(s)
  </table>

  <p>This property sets the <span class=index id=background-color0
   title="color!!background">background color</span> of an element. The color
   is drawn behind any background images.

  <div class=example>
   <p>Example:

   <pre>h1 { background-color: #F00 } /* Sets background to red. */</pre>
  </div>

  <p>The background color is clipped according to the &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; value associated with the
   bottom-most background image.

  <h3 id=the-background-image><span class=secno>3.3. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-image"><code
   class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-image>background-image</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltbg-imagegt"><var>&lt;bg-image&gt;</var></a> [ , <a
      href="#ltbg-imagegt"><var>&lt;bg-image&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>none

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>as specified, but with URIs made absolute
  </table>

  <p>This property sets the background image(s) of an element. Images are
   drawn with the first specified one on top (closest to the user) and each
   subsequent image behind the previous one. Where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltbg-imagegt><var>&lt;bg-image&gt;</var></dfn> = <a href="#ltimagegt"><var>&lt;image&gt;</var></a> | none</pre>

  <p>A value of <dfn id=none title="''none''!!'background-image'
   value">&lsquo;<code class=css>none</code>&rsquo;</dfn> counts as an image
   layer but draws nothing. An image that is empty (zero width or zero
   height), that fails to download, or that cannot be displayed (e.g.,
   because it is not in a supported image format) likewise counts as a layer
   but draws nothing.

  <p>See the section <a href="#layering">“Layering multiple background
   images”</a> for how &lsquo;<a href="#background-image"><code
   class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo; interacts with other
   comma-separated background properties to form each background image layer.
   

  <p>When setting a background image, authors should also specify a &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-color"><code
   class=css>background-color</code></a>&rsquo; that will preserve contrast
   with the text for when the image is unavailable.

  <p>For accessibility reasons, authors should not use background images as
   the sole method of conveying important information. See <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20081211/F3">Web Content
   Accessibility Guideline F3</a> <a href="#WCAG20"
   rel=biblioentry>[WCAG20]<!--{{WCAG20}}--></a>. Images are not accessible
   in non-graphical presentations, and background images specifically might
   be turned off in high-contrast display modes.

  <p class=note>Note that stylistic foreground images can be provided in CSS
   with the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/generate.html#content">content</a>
   property. (Semantically-important foreground images should be provided in
   the document markup, e.g. with the &lt;img&gt; tag in HTML.)

  <p class=note><a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/#naming-space">Media fragments</a>
   can be used to display a portion of an image. The <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-images/">CSS Images</a> module will
   provide fallback syntax for image formats and include additional controls
   for image display.

  <div class=example>
   <p>Some examples specifying background images:</p>

   <pre>
body { background-image: url("marble.svg") }
p { background-image: none }
div { background-image: url(tl.png), url(tr.png) }
</pre>
  </div>

  <p class=note>Implementations may optimize by not downloading and drawing
   images that are not visible (e.g., because they are behind other, fully
   opaque images).

  <h3 id=the-background-repeat><span class=secno>3.4. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-repeat"><code
   class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-repeat>background-repeat</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></a> [ ,
      <a href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>repeat

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>as specified
  </table>

  <p>Specifies how background images are tiled after they have been <a
   href="#the-background-size">sized</a> and <a
   href="#the-background-position">positioned</a>. Where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltrepeat-stylegt><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></dfn> = repeat-x | repeat-y | [repeat | space | round | no-repeat]{1,2}</pre>

  <p>Single values for <a
   href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></a> have the
   following meanings:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=repeat-x>&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat-x</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>repeat no-repeat</code>&rsquo;.

   <dt><dfn id=repeat-y>&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat-y</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>no-repeat repeat</code>&rsquo;.

   <dt>&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;

   <dd> Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>repeat repeat</code>&rsquo;.

   <dt>&lsquo;<code class=css>space</code>&rsquo;

   <dd> Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>space space</code>&rsquo;

   <dt>&lsquo;<code class=css>round</code>&rsquo;

   <dd> Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>round round</code>&rsquo;

   <dt>&lsquo;<code class=css>no-repeat</code>&rsquo;

   <dd> Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>no-repeat
    no-repeat</code>&rsquo;
  </dl>

  <p>If a <a href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></a>
   value has two keywords, the first one is for the horizontal direction, the
   second for the vertical one, as follows:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=repeat title="''repeat''!!'background-repeat'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> The image is repeated in this direction as often as needed to cover
    the <a class=index href="#background-painting-area"
    id=background-painting-area0>background painting area</a>.

   <dt><dfn id=space title="''space''!!'background-repeat'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>space</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> The image is repeated as often as will fit within the <a class=index
    href="#background-positioning-area"
    id=background-positioning-area0>background positioning area</a> without
    being clipped and then the images are spaced out to fill the area. The
    first and last images touch the edges of the area. If the <a class=index
    href="#background-painting-area" id=background-painting-area1>background
    painting area</a> is larger than the background positioning area, then
    the pattern repeats to fill the background painting area. The value of
    &lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
    class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; for this direction
    is ignored, unless there is not enough space for two copies of the image
    in this direction, in which case only one image is placed and &lsquo;<a
    href="#background-position"><code
    class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; determines its
    position in this direction.

   <dt><dfn id=round title="''round''!!'background-repeat'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>round</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> The image is repeated as often as will fit within the <a class=index
    href="#background-positioning-area"
    id=background-positioning-area.>background positioning area.</a> If it
    doesn't fit a whole number of times, it is rescaled so that it does. See
    the formula under &lsquo;<a href="#background-size"><code
    class=property>background-size</code></a>&rsquo;. If the <a class=index
    href="#background-painting-area" id=background-painting-area2>background
    painting area</a> is larger than the background positioning area, then
    the pattern repeats to fill the background painting area.

   <dt><dfn id=no-repeat title="''no-repeat''!!'background-repeat'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>no-repeat</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> The image is placed once and not repeated in this direction.
  </dl>

  <p>Unless one of the two keywords is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>no-repeat</code>&rsquo;, the whole background painting area will
   be tiled, i.e., not just one vertical strip and one horizontal strip.

  <div class=example>
   <p style="display:none">Example(s):

   <pre>
body {
  background: white url("pendant.png");
  background-repeat: repeat-y;
  background-position: center;
}
</pre>

   <div class=figure>
    <p><img alt="A centered background image, with copies repeated up and
     down the border, padding and content areas."
     src=bg-repeat><!--<SPAN class="dlink">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A
  name="img-bg-repeat" href="images/longdesc/bg-repeat-desc.html"
  title="Long description for background pattern">[D]</A></SPAN>-->
     

    <p class=caption>The effect of &lsquo;<code
     class=css>repeat-y</code>&rsquo;: One copy of the background image is
     centered, and other copies are put above and below it to make a vertical
     band behind the element.
   </div>
  </div>

  <div class=example>
   <p style="display:none">Example(s):

   <pre>
body {
  background-image: url(dot.png) white;
  background-repeat: space
}
</pre>

   <div class=figure>
    <p><img alt="Image of an element with a dotted background" src=bg-space>

    <p class=caption>The effect of &lsquo;<code
     class=property>space</code>&rsquo;: the image of a dot is tiled to cover
     the whole background and the images are equally spaced.
   </div>
  </div>

  <p>See the section <a href="#layering">“Layering multiple background
   images”</a> for how &lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
   class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; interacts with other
   comma-separated background properties to form each background image layer.
   

  <h3 id=the-background-attachment><span class=secno>3.5. </span>The
   &lsquo;<a href="#background-attachment"><code
   class=property>background-attachment</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-attachment>background-attachment</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltattachmentgt"><var>&lt;attachment&gt;</var></a> [ , <a
      href="#ltattachmentgt"><var>&lt;attachment&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>scroll

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>as specified
  </table>

  <p>If background images are specified, this property specifies whether they
   are fixed with regard to the <em class=index id=viewport>viewport</em>
   (<dfn id=fixed>&lsquo;<code class=css>fixed</code>&rsquo;</dfn>) or scroll
   along with the element (<dfn id=scroll>&lsquo;<code
   class=css>scroll</code>&rsquo;</dfn>) or its contents (<dfn
   id=local>&lsquo;<code class=css>local</code>&rsquo;</dfn>). The property's
   value is given as a comma-separated list of &lt;attachment&gt; keywords
   where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltattachmentgt><var>&lt;attachment&gt;</var></dfn> = scroll | fixed | local</pre>

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=fixed0>fixed</dfn>

   <dd>The background is fixed with regard to the viewport. In paged media
    where there is no viewport, a &lsquo;<a href="#fixed0"><code
    class=css>fixed</code></a>&rsquo; background is fixed with respect to the
    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/page.html#page-box">page box</a> and
    therefore replicated on every page. <span class=note>Note that there is
    only one viewport per view. Even if an element has a scrolling mechanism
    (see the &lsquo;<code class=property>overflow</code>&rsquo; property <a
    href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>), a &lsquo;<a
    href="#fixed0"><code class=css>fixed</code></a>&rsquo; background doesn't
    move with the element.</span>

   <dt><dfn id=local0>local</dfn>

   <dd>The background is fixed with regard to the element's contents: if the
    element has a scrolling mechanism, the background scrolls with the
    element's contents. In this case, the background behind the element's
    border (if any) scrolls as well, even though the border itself does not
    scroll with the contents. The UA may, however, treat the &lsquo;<code
    class=css>border-box</code>&rsquo; value of &lsquo;<a
    href="#background-clip"><code
    class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; as &lsquo;<code
    class=css>padding-box</code>&rsquo; in cases where &lsquo;<a
    href="#background-attachment"><code
    class=property>background-attachment</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<a
    href="#local0"><code class=css>local</code></a>&rsquo; and the contents
    of the element scroll.

   <dt><dfn id=scroll0>scroll</dfn>

   <dd>The background is fixed with regard to the element itself and does not
    scroll with its contents. (It is effectively attached to the element's
    border.)
  </dl>

  <p>Even if the image is fixed, it is still only visible when it is in the
   <a href="#background-painting-area"><em class=index
   id=background-painting-area3>background painting area</em></a> of the
   element or otherwise unclipped. (See <a href="#special-backgrounds">
   “The backgrounds of special elements”</a> for the cases when
   background images are not clipped.) Thus, unless the image is tiled, it
   may be invisible.

  <div class=example>
   <p>This example creates an infinite vertical band that remains “glued”
    to the viewport when the element is scrolled.

   <pre>
body {
  background: red url("pendant.gif");
  background-repeat: repeat-y;
  background-attachment: fixed;
}
</pre>
  </div>

  <p>User agents that do not support &lsquo;<a href="#fixed0"><code
   class=css>fixed</code></a>&rsquo; backgrounds (for example due to
   limitations of the hardware platform) should ignore declarations with the
   keyword &lsquo;<a href="#fixed0"><code class=css>fixed</code></a>&rsquo;.
   For example:

  <pre class=example>
body {
   /* For all UAs: */
   background: white url(paper.png) scroll;
   /* For UAs that do fixed backgrounds: */
   background: white url(ledger.png) fixed;
}
h1 {
   /* For all UAs: */
   background: silver;
   /* For UAs that do fixed backgrounds: */
   background: url(stripe.png) fixed, white url(ledger.png) fixed;
}
</pre>

  <p>See the section <a href="#layering">“Layering multiple background
   images”</a> for how &lsquo;<a href="#background-attachment"><code
   class=property>background-attachment</code></a>&rsquo; interacts with
   other comma-separated background properties to form each background image
   layer.

  <h3 id=the-background-position><span class=secno>3.6. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-position"><code
   class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-position>background-position</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltbg-positiongt"><var>&lt;bg-position&gt;</var></a> [ , <a
      href="#ltbg-positiongt"><var>&lt;bg-position&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>0% 0%

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>refer to size of <a class=index href="#background-positioning-area"
      id=background-positioning-area1>background positioning area</a>
      <em>minus</em> size of background image; see text

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>If one or two values are specified, for a &lt;length&gt; the
      absolute length, otherwise a percentage. If three or four values are
      specified, two pairs of a keyword plus a length or percentage.
  </table>

  <p>If background images have been specified, this property specifies their
   initial position (after any <a href="#the-background-size">resizing</a>)
   within their corresponding <a
   href="#background-positioning-area">background positioning area.</a>

  <p>Where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltbg-positiongt><var>&lt;bg-position&gt;</var></dfn> = [
  [ top | bottom ]
|
  [ <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | left | center | right ]
  [ <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | top | center | bottom ]?
|
  [ center | [ left | right ] [ <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> ]? ] &amp;&amp;
  [ center | [ top | bottom ] [ <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> ]? ]
]</pre>

  <p>If only one value is specified, the second value is assumed to be
   &lsquo;<code class=property>center</code>&rsquo;. If two values are given
   and at least one value is not a keyword, then the first value represents
   the horizontal position (or offset) and the second represents the vertical
   position (or offset). <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> and
   <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> values here represent an offset of the top left
   corner of the background image from the top left corner of the background
   positioning area.

  <p>If three or four values are given, then each
   <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> or<var>&lt;length&gt;</var> represents an
   offset and must be preceded by a keyword, which specifies from which edge
   the offset is given. For example, &lsquo;<code
   class=css>background-position: bottom 10px right 20px</code>&rsquo;
   represents a &lsquo;<code class=css>10px</code>&rsquo; vertical offset up
   from the bottom edge and a &lsquo;<code class=css>20px</code>&rsquo;
   horizontal offset leftward from the right edge. If three values are given,
   the missing offset is assumed to be zero.

  <p>Positive values represent an offset <em>inward</em> from the edge of the
   background positioning area. Negative values represent an offset
   <em>outward</em> from the edge of the background positioning area.

  <div class=example>
   <p>The following declarations give the stated (horizontal, vertical)
    offsets from the top left corner:</p>

   <pre>
 background-position: left 10px top 15px;   /* 10px, 15px */
 background-position: left      top     ;   /*  0px,  0px */
 background-position:      10px     15px;   /* 10px, 15px */
 background-position: left          15px;   /*  0px, 15px */
 background-position:      10px top     ;   /* 10px,  0px */
 background-position: left      top 15px;   /*  0px, 15px */
 background-position: left 10px top     ;   /* 10px,  0px */</pre>
  </div>

  <dl>
   <dt><var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var>

   <dd>
    <p>A percentage for the horizontal offset is relative to (<var>width of
     background positioning area</var> - <var>width of background
     image</var>). A percentage for the vertical offset is relative to
     (<var>height of background positioning area</var> - <var>height of
     background image</var>), where the size of the image is the size given
     by &lsquo;<a href="#background-size"><code
     class=property>background-size</code></a>&rsquo;.

    <div class=example>
     <p>For example, with a value pair of &lsquo;<code class=css>0%
      0%</code>&rsquo;, the upper left corner of the image is aligned with
      the upper left corner of, usually, the box's padding edge. A value pair
      of &lsquo;<code class=css>100% 100%</code>&rsquo; places the lower
      right corner of the image in the lower right corner of the area. With a
      value pair of &lsquo;<code class=css>75% 50%</code>&rsquo;, the point
      75% across and 50% down the image is to be placed at the point 75%
      across and 50% down the area.

     <div class=figure>
      <p><img alt="Diagram of image position within element" src=bg-pos.png>

      <p class=caption>Diagram of the meaning of &lsquo;<code
       class=css>background-position: 75% 50%</code>&rsquo;.
     </div>
    </div>

   <dt><var>&lt;length&gt;</var>

   <dd>A length value gives a fixed length as the offset. For example, with a
    value pair of &lsquo;<code class=css>2cm 1cm</code>&rsquo;, the upper
    left corner of the image is placed 2cm to the right and 1cm below the
    upper left corner of the background positioning area.

   <dt><dfn id=top title="''top''!!'background-position' value">&lsquo;<code
    class=css>top</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>0%</code>&rsquo; for the vertical
    position if one or two values are given, otherwise specifies the top edge
    as the origin for the next offset.

   <dt><dfn id=right title="''right''!!'background-position'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>right</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>100%</code>&rsquo; for the
    horizontal position if one or two values are given, otherwise specifies
    the right edge as the origin for the next offset.

   <dt><dfn id=bottom title="''bottom''!!'background-position'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>bottom</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>100%</code>&rsquo; for the
    vertical position if one or two values are given, otherwise specifies the
    bottom edge as the origin for the next offset.

   <dt><dfn id=left title="''left''!!'background-position'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>left</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>0%</code>&rsquo; for the
    horizontal position if one or two values are given, otherwise specifies
    the left edge as the origin for the next offset.

   <dt><dfn id=center title="''center''!!'background-position'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>center</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Equivalent to &lsquo;<code class=css>50%</code>&rsquo; (&lsquo;<code
    class=css>left 50%</code>&rsquo;) for the horizontal position if the
    horizontal position is not otherwise specified, or &lsquo;<code
    class=css>50%</code>&rsquo; (&lsquo;<code class=css>top
    50%</code>&rsquo;) for the vertical position if it is.
  </dl>

  <div class=example>
   <p>The following &lsquo;<a href="#background"><code
    class=property>background</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand declarations use
    keywords to set &lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
    class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; to the stated
    percentage values.</p>

   <pre>
body { background: url("banner.jpeg") right top }    /* 100%   0% */
body { background: url("banner.jpeg") top center }   /*  50%   0% */
body { background: url("banner.jpeg") center }       /*  50%  50% */
body { background: url("banner.jpeg") bottom }       /*  50% 100% */
</pre>
  </div>

  <div class=example>
   <p>In the example below, the (single) image is placed in the lower-right
    corner of the viewport.

   <pre>
body {
  background-image: url("logo.png");
  background-attachment: fixed;
  background-position: 100% 100%;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
</pre>
  </div>

  <div class=example>
   <p>Background positions can also be relative to other corners than the top
    left. E.g., the following puts the background image 10px from the bottom
    and 3em from the right:

   <pre>background-position: right 3em bottom 10px</pre>
  </div>

  <p>See the section <a href="#layering">“Layering multiple background
   images”</a> for how &lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
   class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; interacts with other
   comma-separated background properties to form each background image layer.
   

  <h3 id=the-background-clip><span class=secno>3.7. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-clip>background-clip</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a> [ , <a
      href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>border-box

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>same as specified value
  </table>

  <p>Determines the <dfn id=background-painting-area>background painting
   area</dfn>. The syntax of the property is given with

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltboxgt><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></dfn> = border-box | padding-box | content-box</pre>

  <p>Values have the following meanings:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=border-box title="''border-box''!!'background-clip' value">
    &lsquo;<code class=css>border-box</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The background is painted within (clipped to) the <span>border
    box.</span>

   <dt><dfn id=padding-box title="''padding-box''!!'background-clip' value">
    &lsquo;<code class=css>padding-box</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The background is painted within (clipped to) the <span>padding
    box.</span>

   <dt><dfn id=content-box title="''content-box''!!'background-clip' value">
    &lsquo;<code class=css>content-box</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The background is painted within (clipped to) the <span>content
    box.</span>
  </dl>

  <p class=note>Note that the root element has a different <a
   href="#background-painting-area">background painting area,</a> and thus
   the &lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; property has no effect
   when specified on it. See <a href="#special-backgrounds"> “The
   backgrounds of special elements.”</a>

  <p class=note>Note that the background is always drawn <em>behind</em> the
   border, if any. See “Elaborate description of Stacking Contexts” in <a
   href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.

  <p>See the section <a href="#layering">“Layering multiple background
   images”</a> for how &lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
   class=css>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; interacts with other
   comma-separated background properties to form each background image layer.
   

  <h3 id=the-background-origin><span class=secno>3.8. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-origin"><code
   class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-origin>background-origin</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a> [ , <a
      href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>padding-box

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>same as specified value
  </table>

  <p>For elements rendered as a single box, specifies the <dfn
   id=background-positioning-area>background positioning area</dfn>. For
   elements rendered as multiple boxes (e.g., inline boxes on several lines,
   boxes on several pages) specifies which boxes &lsquo;<a
   href="#box-decoration-break"><code
   class=property>box-decoration-break</code></a>&rsquo; operates on to
   determine the background positioning area(s).

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=padding-box0 title="''padding-box''!!'background-origin'
    value"> &lsquo;<code class=css>padding-box</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The position is relative to the padding box. (For single boxes
    &lsquo;<code class=css>0 0</code>&rsquo; is the upper left corner of the
    padding edge, &lsquo;<code class=css>100% 100%</code>&rsquo; is the lower
    right corner.)

   <dt><dfn id=border-box0 title="''border-box''!!'background-origin' value">
    &lsquo;<code class=css>border-box</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The position is relative to the border box.

   <dt><dfn id=content-box0>&lsquo;<code
    class=css>content-box</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The position is relative to the content box.
  </dl>

  <p>If the &lsquo;<a href="#background-attachment"><code
   class=property>background-attachment</code></a>&rsquo; value for this
   image is &lsquo;<a href="#fixed0"><code class=css>fixed</code></a>&rsquo;,
   then this property has no effect: in this case the background positioning
   area is the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visudet.html#containing-block-details">initial
   containing block</a> <a href="#CSS21"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.

  <p class=note>Note that if &lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>padding-box</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-origin"><code
   class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>border-box</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-position"><code
   class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>top left</code>&rsquo; (the initial value), and the element has
   a non-zero border, then the top and left of the background image will be
   clipped.

  <p>See the section <a href="#layering">“Layering multiple background
   images”</a> for how &lsquo;<a href="#background-origin"><code
   class=css>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; interacts with other
   comma-separated background properties to form each background image layer.
   

  <h3 id=the-background-size><span class=secno>3.9. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-size"><code
   class=property>background-size</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background-size>background-size</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltbg-sizegt"><var>&lt;bg-size&gt;</var></a> [ , <a
      href="#ltbg-sizegt"><var>&lt;bg-size&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>auto

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>see text

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>for &lt;length&gt; the absolute value, otherwise as specified
  </table>

  <p>Specifies the size of the background images. Where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltbg-sizegt><var>&lt;bg-size&gt;</var></dfn> = [ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> | auto ]{1,2} | cover | contain</pre>

  <p>Values have the following meanings:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=contain>&lsquo;<code class=css>contain</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Scale the image, while preserving its intrinsic aspect ratio (if any),
    to the largest size such that both its width and its height can fit
    inside the <a class=index href="#background-positioning-area"
    id=background-positioning-area.0>background positioning area.</a>

   <dt><dfn id=cover>&lsquo;<code class=css>cover</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Scale the image, while preserving its intrinsic aspect ratio (if any),
    to the smallest size such that both its width and its height can
    completely cover the background positioning area.

   <dt>[ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> | <dfn
    id=auto title="''auto''!!'background-size' value">auto</dfn> ]{1,2}

   <dd>
    <p>The first value gives the width of the corresponding image, the second
     value its height. If only one value is given the second is assumed to be
     &lsquo;<code class=css>auto</code>&rsquo;.

    <p>A percentage is relative to the background positioning area.

    <p>An &lsquo;<code class=css>auto</code>&rsquo; value for one dimension
     is resolved by using the image's intrinsic ratio and the size of the
     other dimension, or failing that, using the image's intrinsic size, or
     failing that, treating it as 100%.

    <p>If both values are &lsquo;<code class=css>auto</code>&rsquo; then the
     intrinsic width and/or height of the image should be used, if
     any<!--, the missing dimension
    (if any) behaving as ''auto'' as described above-->.
     If the image has neither an intrinsic width nor an intrinsic height, its
     size is determined as for &lsquo;<code class=css>contain</code>&rsquo;.

    <p>Negative values are not allowed.
  </dl>

  <div class=example>
   <p>Here are some examples. The first example stretches the background
    image independently in both dimensions to completely cover the content
    area:

   <pre>
div {
    background-image: url(plasma.png);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: 100% 100%;
    background-origin: content-box }
</pre>

   <p>The second example stretches the image so that exactly two copies fit
    horizontally. The aspect ratio is preserved:

   <pre>
p {
    background-image: url(tubes.png);
    background-size: 50% auto;
    background-origin: border-box }
</pre>

   <p>This example forces the background image to be 15 by 15 pixels:

   <pre>
para {
    background-size: 15px 15px;
    background-image: url(tile.png)}
</pre>

   <p>This example uses the image's intrinsic size. Note that this is the
    only possible behavior in CSS level&nbsp;1 and 2.

   <pre>
body {
    background-size: auto;            /* default */
    background-image: url(flower.png) }
</pre>

   <p>The following example rounds the height of the image to 33.3%, up from
    the specified value of 30%. At 30%, three images would fit entirely and a
    fourth only partially. After rounding, three images fit. The width of the
    image is 20% of the background area width and is not rounded.

   <pre>
p {
    background-image: url(chain.png);
    background-repeat: no-repeat round;
    background-size: 20% 30% }
</pre>
  </div>

  <p>If &lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
   class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>round</code>&rsquo; for one (or both) dimensions, there is a
   second step. The UA must scale the image in that dimension (or both
   dimensions) so that it fits a whole number of times in the background
   positioning area. In the case of the width (height is analogous):

  <blockquote>
   <p>If <var>X</var> &ne; 0 is the width of the image after step one and
    <var>W</var> is the width of the background positioning area, then the
    rounded width <var>X'</var> = <var>W</var> / round(<var>W</var> /
    <var>X</var>) where round() is a function that returns the nearest
    natural number (integer greater than zero).
  </blockquote>

  <p>If &lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
   class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>round</code>&rsquo; for one dimension only and if &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-size"><code
   class=property>background-size</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>auto</code>&rsquo; for the other dimension, then there is a
   third step: that other dimension is scaled so that the original aspect
   ratio is restored.

  <div class=example>
   <p>In this example the background image is shown at its intrinsic size:

   <pre>
div {
  background-image: url(image1.png);
  background-repeat: repeat;         /* default */
  background-size: auto }            /* default */
</pre>

   <p>In the following example, the background is shown with a width of 3em
    and its height is scaled proportionally to keep the original aspect
    ratio:

   <pre>
div {
  background-image: url(image2.png);
  background-repeat: repeat;         /* default */
  background-size: 3em }             /* = '3em auto' */
</pre>

   <p>In the following example, the background is shown with a width of
    approximately 3em: scaled so that it fits a whole number of times in the
    width of the background. The height is scaled proportionally to keep the
    original aspect ratio:

   <pre>
div {
  background-image: url(image3.png);
  background-repeat: round repeat;
  background-size: 3em auto }
</pre>

   <p>In the following example, the background image is shown with a width of
    3em and a height that is either the height corresponding to that width at
    the original aspect ratio or slightly less:

   <pre>
div {
  background-image: url(image4.png);
  background-repeat: repeat round;
  background-size: 3em auto }
</pre>

   <p>In the following example, the background image is shown with a height
    of approximately 4em: scaled slightly so that it fits a whole number of
    times in the background height. The width is the approximately the width
    that correspond to a 4em height at the original aspect ratio: scaled
    slightly so that it fits a whole number of times in the background width.
    

   <pre>
div {
  background-image: url(image5.png);
  background-repeat: round;
  background-size: auto 4em }
</pre>
  </div>

  <p>If the background image's width or height resolves to zero, this causes
   the image not to be displayed. (The effect is the same as if it had been a
   transparent image.)

  <p>See the section <a href="#layering">“Layering multiple background
   images”</a> for how &lsquo;<a href="#background-size"><code
   class=property>background-size</code></a>&rsquo; interacts with other
   comma-separated background properties to form each background image layer.
   

  <h3 id=the-background><span class=secno>3.10. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#background"><code class=property>background</code></a>&rsquo;
   shorthand property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=background>background</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>[ <a href="#ltbg-layergt"><var>&lt;bg-layer&gt;</var></a> , ]* <a
      href="#ltfinal-bg-layergt"><var>&lt;final-bg-layer&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>see individual properties

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>see individual properties

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>see individual properties
  </table>

  <p>Where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltbg-layergt><var>&lt;bg-layer&gt;</var></dfn> = <a href="#ltbg-imagegt"><var>&lt;bg-image&gt;</var></a> || <a href="#ltbg-positiongt"><var>&lt;bg-position&gt;</var></a> [ / <a href="#ltbg-sizegt"><var>&lt;bg-size&gt;</var></a> ]? || <a href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></a> || <a href="#ltattachmentgt"><var>&lt;attachment&gt;</var></a> || <a href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a>{1,2} </pre>

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltfinal-bg-layergt><var>&lt;final-bg-layer&gt;</var></dfn> = <a href="#ltbg-imagegt"><var>&lt;bg-image&gt;</var></a> || <a href="#ltbg-positiongt"><var>&lt;bg-position&gt;</var></a> [ / <a href="#ltbg-sizegt"><var>&lt;bg-size&gt;</var></a> ]? || <a href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></a> || <a href="#ltattachmentgt"><var>&lt;attachment&gt;</var></a> || <a href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a>{1,2} || <var>&lt;'background-color'&gt;</var></pre>

  <p class=note>Note that a color is permitted in <a
   href="#ltfinal-bg-layergt"><var>&lt;final-bg-layer&gt;</var></a>, but not
   in <a href="#ltbg-layergt"><var>&lt;bg-layer&gt;</var></a>.

  <p>The &lsquo;<a href="#background"><code
   class=property>background</code></a>&rsquo; property is a shorthand
   property for setting most background properties at the same place in the
   style sheet. The number of comma-separated items defines the number of
   background layers. Given a valid declaration, for each layer the shorthand
   first sets the corresponding layer of each of &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-position"><code
   class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-size"><code
   class=property>background-size</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-repeat"><code
   class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-origin"><code
   class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-attachment"><code
   class=property>background-attachment</code></a>&rsquo; to that property's
   initial value, then assigns any explicit values specified for this layer
   in the declaration. Finally &lsquo;<a href="#background-color"><code
   class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo; is set to the specified
   color, if any, else set to its initial value.

  <p>If one <a href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a> value is present
   then it sets both &lsquo;<a href="#background-origin"><code
   class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; to that value. If two
   values are present, then the first sets &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-origin"><code
   class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; and the second
   &lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo;.

  <div class=example>
   <p style="display:none">Examples:

   <p>In the first rule of the following example, only a value for &lsquo;<a
    href="#background-color"><code
    class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo; has been given and the
    other individual properties are set to their initial values. In the
    second rule, many individual properties have been specified.

   <pre>
body { background: red }
p { background: url("chess.png") 40% / 10em gray
       round fixed border-box; }
</pre>

   <p>The first rule is equivalent to:

   <pre>
body {
    background-color: red;
    background-position: 0% 0%;
    background-size: auto auto;
    background-repeat: repeat repeat;
    background-clip: border-box;
    background-origin: padding-box;
    background-attachment: scroll;
    background-image: none }
</pre>

   <p>The second is equivalent to:

   <pre>
p {
    background-color: gray;
    background-position: 40% 50%;
    background-size: 10em 10em;
    background-repeat: round round;
    background-clip: border-box;
    background-origin: border-box;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    background-image: url(chess.png) }
</pre>
  </div>

  <div class=example>
   <p>The following example shows how a both a background color (<span
    class=css>#CCC</span>) and a background image (<span
    class=css>url(metal.jpg)</span>) are set. The image is rescaled to the
    full width of the element:

   <pre>
E { background: #CCC url("metal.jpg") top left / 100% auto no-repeat}
</pre>
  </div>

  <div class=example>
   <p>Another example shows equivalence:

   <pre>
div { background: padding-box url(paper.jpg) white center }
div {
    background-color: white;
    background-image: url(paper.jpg);
    background-repeat: repeat;
    background-attachment: scroll;
    background-position: center;
    background-clip: padding-box;
    background-origin: padding-box;
    background-size: auto auto }
</pre>
  </div>

  <div class=example>
   <p>The following declaration with multiple, comma-separated values

   <pre>
background: url(a.png) top left no-repeat,
            url(b.png) center / 100% 100% no-repeat,
            url(c.png) white;
</pre>

   <p>is equivalent to

   <pre>
background-image:      url(a.png),  url(b.png),          url(c.png);
background-position:   top left,    center,              top left;
background-repeat:     no-repeat,   no-repeat no-repeat, repeat;
background-clip:       border-box,  border-box,          border-box;
background-origin:     padding-box, padding-box,         padding-box;
background-size:       auto auto,   100% 100%,           auto auto;
background-attachment: scroll,      scroll,              scroll;
background-color:      white;
</pre>
  </div>

  <h3 id=special-backgrounds><span class=secno>3.11. </span>The backgrounds
   of special elements</h3>

  <p>The background of the root element becomes the background of the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/intro.html#the-canvas">canvas</a> and its
   <a class=index href="#background-painting-area"
   id=background-painting-area4>background painting area</a> extends to cover
   the entire canvas, although any images are sized and positioned relative
   to the root element as if they were painted for that element alone. (In
   other words, the <a href="#background-positioning-area">background
   <em>positioning</em> area</a> is determined as for the root element.) If
   the root's &lsquo;<a href="#background-color"><code
   class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo; value is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>transparent</code>&rsquo;, the canvas's background color is UA
   dependent. The root element does not paint this background again, i.e.,
   the used value of its background is transparent.

  <p>For documents whose root element is an HTML <code class=html>HTML</code>
   element <a href="#HTML401"
   rel=biblioentry>[HTML401]<!--{{!HTML401}}--></a> or an XHTML <code
   class=html>html</code> element <a href="#XHTML11"
   rel=biblioentry>[XHTML11]<!--{{!XHTML11}}--></a>: if the computed value of
   &lsquo;<a href="#background-image"><code
   class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo; on the root element is
   &lsquo;<code class=css>none</code>&rsquo; and its &lsquo;<a
   href="#background-color"><code
   class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>transparent</code>&rsquo;, user agents must instead propagate
   the computed values of the background properties from that element's first
   HTML <code class=html>BODY</code> or XHTML <code class=html>body</code>
   child element. The used values of that <code class=html>BODY</code>
   element's background properties are their initial values, and the
   propagated values are treated as if they were specified on the root
   element. It is recommended that authors of HTML documents specify the
   canvas background for the <code class=html>BODY</code> element rather than
   the <code class=html>HTML</code> element.

  <div class=example>
   <p>According to these rules, the canvas underlying the following HTML
    document will have a “marble” background:

   <pre>
&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN'
  &gt;
&lt;html&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;Setting the canvas background&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;style type="text/css"&gt;
       body { background: url("http://example.org/marble.png") }
    &lt;/style&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;My background is marble.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;
</pre>
  </div>

  <p>The &lsquo;<code class=css>::first-line</code>&rsquo; pseudo-element is
   like an inline-level element for the purposes of the background (see
   section 5.12.1 of <a href="#CSS21"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>). That means, e.g., that in a
   left-justified first line, the background does not necessarily extend all
   the way to the right margin.

  <h2 id=borders><span class=secno>4. </span>Border properties</h2>

  <p>The border can either be a predefined style (solid line, double line,
   dotted line, pseudo-3D border, etc.) or it can be an image. In the former
   case, various properties define the style (&lsquo;<a
   href="#border-style"><code class=property>border-style</code></a>&rsquo;),
   color (&lsquo;<a href="#border-color"><code
   class=property>border-color</code></a>&rsquo;), and thickness (&lsquo;<a
   href="#border-width"><code class=property>border-width</code></a>&rsquo;)
   of the border.

  <h3 id=the-border-color><span class=secno>4.1. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-color"><code class=property>border-color</code></a>&rsquo;
   properties</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-top-color>border-top-color</dfn> , <dfn
      id=border-right-color>border-right-color</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-bottom-color>border-bottom-color</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-left-color>border-left-color</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltcolorgt"><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td><a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#currentcolor">currentColor</a>

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>the computed color
  </table>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-color>border-color</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltcolorgt"><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></a>{1,4}

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>(see individual properties)

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>see individual properties
  </table>

  <p>These properties set the foreground color of the border specified by the
   <a class=property href="#border-style">border-style</a> properties.

  <p>&lsquo;<a href="#border-color"><code
   class=property>Border-color</code></a>&rsquo; is a shorthand for the four
   &lsquo;<code class=css>border-*-color</code>&rsquo; properties. The four
   values set the top, right, bottom and left border, respectively. A missing
   left is the same as right, a missing bottom is the same as top, and a
   missing right is also the same as top.

  <h3 id=the-border-style><span class=secno>4.2. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-style"><code class=property>border-style</code></a>&rsquo;
   properties</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-top-style>border-top-style</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-right-style>border-right-style</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-bottom-style>border-bottom-style</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-left-style>border-left-style</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltborder-stylegt"><var>&lt;border-style&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>none

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>specified value
  </table>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-style>border-style</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltborder-stylegt"><var>&lt;border-style&gt;</var></a>{1,4}
      

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>(see individual properties)

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>see individual properties
  </table>

  <p>These properties set the style of the border, unless there is a <a
   href="#border-images">border image</a>

  <p>&lsquo;<a href="#border-style"><code
   class=property>Border-style</code></a>&rsquo; is a shorthand for the other
   four. Its four values set the top, right, bottom and left border
   respectively. A missing left is the same as right, a missing bottom is the
   same as top, and a missing right is also the same as top.

  <p>Where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltborder-stylegt><var>&lt;border-style&gt;</var></dfn> = none | hidden | dotted | dashed | solid | double | groove | ridge | inset | outset</pre>

  <p>Values have the following meanings:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=none0 title="''none''!!'border-style' value">&lsquo;<code
    class=css>none</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> No border. Color and width are ignored (i.e., the border has width 0,
    unless the border is an image, see &lsquo;<a
    href="#background-image"><code
    class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo;

   <dt><dfn id=hidden>&lsquo;<code class=css>hidden</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Same as &lsquo;<code class=property>none</code>&rsquo;, but has
    different behavior in the border conflict resolution rules for
    border-collapsed tables <a href="#CSS21"
    rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.

   <dt><dfn id=dotted>&lsquo;<code class=css>dotted</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> A series of round dots.

   <dt><dfn id=dashed>&lsquo;<code class=css>dashed</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> A series of square-ended dashes.

   <dt><dfn id=solid>&lsquo;<code class=css>solid</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> A single line segment.

   <dt><dfn id=double>&lsquo;<code class=css>double</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Two parallel solid lines with some space between them. (The thickness
    of the lines is not specified, but the sum of the lines and the space
    must equal &lsquo;<a href="#border-width"><code
    class=property>border-width</code></a>&rsquo;.)

   <dt><dfn id=groove>&lsquo;<code class=css>groove</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Looks as if it were carved in the canvas. (This is typically achieved
    by creating a “shadow” from two colors that are slightly lighter and
    darker than the &lsquo;<a href="#border-color"><code
    class=property>border-color</code></a>&rsquo;.)

   <dt><dfn id=ridge>&lsquo;<code class=css>ridge</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Looks as if it were coming out of the canvas.

   <dt><dfn id=inset>&lsquo;<code class=css>inset</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Looks as if the content on the inside of the border is sunken into
    the canvas. Treated as &lsquo;<code class=property>ridge</code>&rsquo; in
    border-collapsed tables. <a href="#CSS21"
    rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>

   <dt><dfn id=outset>&lsquo;<code class=css>outset</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd> Looks as if the content on the inside of the border is coming out of
    the canvas. Treated as &lsquo;<code class=property>groove</code>&rsquo;
    in border-collapsed tables. <a href="#CSS21"
    rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>
  </dl>

  <p>Borders are drawn in front of the element's background, but behind the
   element's content (in case it overlaps).

  <div class=figure>
   <p><img alt="Examples of border styles" src=borderstyles.png>

   <p class=caption>Example renderings of the predefined border styles.
  </div>

  <p class=note>Note: There is no control over the spacing of the dots and
   dashes, nor over the length of the dashes. Implementations are encouraged
   to choose a spacing that makes the corners symmetrical.

  <p class=note>Note: This specification does not define how borders of
   different styles should be joined in the corner. Also note that rounded
   corners may cause the corners and the contents to overlap, if the padding
   is less than the radius of the corner.

  <h3 id=the-border-width><span class=secno>4.3. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-width"><code class=property>border-width</code></a>&rsquo;
   properties</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-top-width>border-top-width</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-right-width>border-right-width</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-bottom-width>border-bottom-width</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-left-width>border-left-width</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltborder-widthgt"><var>&lt;border-width&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>medium

    <tr>
     <th>Applies&nbsp;to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>width* of containing block

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed&nbsp;value:

     <td>absolute length; &lsquo;<code class=css>0</code>&rsquo; if the
      border style is &lsquo;<code class=property>none</code>&rsquo; or
      &lsquo;<code class=property>hidden</code>&rsquo;

    <tr>
     <td class=footnote colspan=2>*) if the containing block has a horizontal
      text mode, otherwise the height
  </table>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-width>border-width</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltborder-widthgt"><var>&lt;border-width&gt;</var></a>{1,4}
      

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>(see individual properties)

    <tr>
     <th>Applies&nbsp;to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>see individual properties

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed&nbsp;value:

     <td>see individual properties
  </table>

  <p>These properties set the thickness of the border. Where

  <pre
   class=prod><dfn id=ltborder-widthgt><var>&lt;border-width&gt;</var></dfn> = <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | thin | medium | thick</pre>

  <p>The <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> may not be negative. The lengths
   corresponding to &lsquo;<code class=css>thin</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<code
   class=css>medium</code>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<code
   class=css>thick</code>&rsquo; are not specified, but the values are
   constant throughout a <a href="#document">document</a> and thin &le;
   medium &le; thick. A UA could, e.g., make the thickness depend on the
   &lsquo;<code class=css>medium</code>&rsquo; font size: one choice might be
   1, 3 &amp; 5px when the &lsquo;<code class=property>medium</code>&rsquo;
   font size is 17px or less.

  <p>&lsquo;<a href="#border-width"><code
   class=property>Border-width</code></a>&rsquo; is a shorthand that sets the
   four &lsquo;<code class=css>border-*-width</code>&rsquo; properties. If it
   has four values, they set top, right, bottom and left in that order. If
   left is missing, it is the same as right; if bottom is missing, it is the
   same as top; if right is missing, it is the same as top.

  <p class=note>Note that the initial width is &lsquo;<code
   class=property>medium</code>&rsquo;, but the initial style is &lsquo;<code
   class=property>none</code>&rsquo; and therefore the used width is 0.

  <p>When the used width of the border is 0, we say that the border is
   absent.

  <h3 id=the-border-shorthands><span class=secno>4.4. </span>The border
   shorthand properties</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-top>border-top</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-right>border-right</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-bottom>border-bottom</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-left>border-left</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltborder-widthgt"><var>&lt;border-width&gt;</var></a> ||
      <a href="#ltborder-stylegt"><var>&lt;border-style&gt;</var></a> || <a
      href="#ltcolorgt"><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>See individual properties

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>see individual properties
  </table>

  <p>This is a shorthand property for setting the width, style, and color of
   the top, right, bottom, and left border of a box. Omitted values are set
   to their initial values.

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border>border</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td><a href="#ltborder-widthgt"><var>&lt;border-width&gt;</var></a> ||
      <a href="#ltborder-stylegt"><var>&lt;border-style&gt;</var></a> || <a
      href="#ltcolorgt"><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>See individual properties

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>see individual properties
  </table>

  <p>The &lsquo;<a href="#border"><code
   class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; property is a shorthand property
   for setting the same width, color, and style for all four borders of a
   box. Unlike the shorthand &lsquo;<code class=property>margin</code>&rsquo;
   and &lsquo;<code class=property>padding</code>&rsquo; properties, the
   &lsquo;<a href="#border"><code class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo;
   property cannot set different values on the four borders. To do so, one or
   more of the other border properties must be used.

  <p>The &lsquo;<a href="#border"><code
   class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand also resets &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image"><code class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo;
   to its initial value. It is therefore recommended that authors use the
   &lsquo;<a href="#border"><code class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo;
   shorthand, rather than other shorthands or the individual properties, to
   override any border settings earlier in the cascade. This will ensure that
   &lsquo;<a href="#border-image"><code
   class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo; has also been reset to allow
   the new styles to take effect.

  <p class=note>The CSS Working Group intends for the &lsquo;<a
   href="#border"><code class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand to
   reset all border properties in future levels of CSS as well. For example,
   if a &lsquo;<code class=property>border-characters</code>&rsquo; property
   is introduced in the future to allow glyphs as borders, it will also be
   reset by the &lsquo;<a href="#border"><code
   class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand. By using the &lsquo;<a
   href="#border"><code class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand to
   reset borders, authors can be guaranteed a “blank canvas” no matter
   what properties are introduced in the future.

  <div class=example>
   <p>For example, the first rule below is equivalent to the set of four
    rules shown after it:

   <pre>
p { border: solid red }
p {
  border-top: solid red;
  border-right: solid red;
  border-bottom: solid red;
  border-left: solid red;
  border-image: none;
}
</pre>
  </div>

  <p>Since, to some extent, the properties have overlapping functionality,
   the order in which the rules are specified is important.

  <div class=example>
   <p>Consider this example:

   <pre>
blockquote {
  border-color: red;
  border-left: double;
  color: black
}
</pre>

   <p>In the above example, the color of the left border is black, while the
    other borders are red. This is due to &lsquo;<a href="#border-left"><code
    class=property>border-left</code></a>&rsquo; setting the width, style,
    and color. Since the color value is not given by the &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-left"><code class=property>border-left</code></a>&rsquo;
    property, it will be taken from the &lsquo;<code
    class=property>color</code>&rsquo; property. The fact that the
    &lsquo;<code class=property>color</code>&rsquo; property is set after the
    &lsquo;<a href="#border-left"><code
    class=property>border-left</code></a>&rsquo; property is not relevant.
  </div>

  <h2 id=corners><span class=secno>5. </span>Rounded Corners</h2>

  <h3 id=the-border-radius><span class=secno>5.1. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-radius"><code class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo;
   properties</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-top-right-radius>border-top-right-radius</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-bottom-right-radius>border-bottom-right-radius</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-bottom-left-radius>border-bottom-left-radius</dfn>, <dfn
      id=border-top-left-radius>border-top-left-radius</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>[ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> ] [
      <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> ]?

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>0

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements (but see prose)

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>Refer to corresponding dimension of the <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/box.html#box-dimensions">border
      box</a>.

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>two absolute &lt;length&gt; or percentages
  </table>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-radius>border-radius</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>[ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> ]{1,4} [
      / [ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> ]{1,4} ]?
      

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>0

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements, except table element when &lsquo;<code
      class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
      class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>Refer to corresponding dimension of the <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/box.html#box-dimensions">border
      box</a>.

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>see individual properties
  </table>

  <p>The two length or percentage values of the &lsquo;<code
   class=css>border-*-radius</code>&rsquo; properties define the radii of a
   quarter ellipse that defines the shape of the corner of the outer border
   edge (see the diagram below). The first value is the horizontal radius,
   the second the vertical radius. If the second value is omitted it is
   copied from the first. If either length is zero, the corner is square, not
   rounded. Percentages for the horizontal radius refer to the width of the
   border box, whereas percentages for the vertical radius refer to the
   height of the border box.

  <div class=figure>
   <p><img alt="Diagram of the inscribed ellipse" src=corner.png>

   <p class=caption>The two values of &lsquo;<code
    class=css>border-top-left-radius: 55pt 25pt</code>&rsquo; define the
    curvature of the corner.
  </div>

  <p>The &lsquo;<a href="#border-radius"><code
   class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand sets all four
   &lsquo;<code class=css>border-*-radius</code>&rsquo; properties. If values
   are given before and after the slash, then the values before the slash set
   the horizontal radius and the values after the slash set the vertical
   radius. If there is no slash, then the values set both radii equally. The
   four values for each radii are given in the order top-left, top-right,
   bottom-right, bottom-left. If bottom-left is omitted it is the same as
   top-right. If bottom-right is omitted it is the same as top-left. If
   top-right is omitted it is the same as top-left.

  <div class=example>
   <pre>
border-radius: 4em;
</pre>
   is equivalent to
   <pre>
border-top-left-radius:     4em;
border-top-right-radius:    4em;
border-bottom-right-radius: 4em;
border-bottom-left-radius:  4em;
</pre>
   and
   <pre>
border-radius: 2em 1em 4em / 0.5em 3em;
</pre>
   is equivalent to
   <pre>
border-top-left-radius:     2em 0.5em;
border-top-right-radius:    1em 3em;
border-bottom-right-radius: 4em 0.5em;
border-bottom-left-radius:  1em 3em;
</pre>
  </div>

  <h3 id=corner-shaping><span class=secno>5.2. </span>Corner Shaping</h3>

  <p>The padding edge (inner border) radius is the outer border radius minus
   the corresponding border thickness. In the case where this results in a
   negative value, the inner radius is zero. (In such cases its center might
   not coincide with that of the outer border curve.) Likewise the content
   edge radius is the padding edge radius minus the corresponding padding, or
   if that is negative, zero. The border and padding thicknesses in the
   curved region are thus interpolated from the adjoining sides, and when two
   adjoining borders are of different thicknesses the corner will show a
   smooth transition between the thicker and thinner borders.

  <p class=note>Note that this means that if the outer curve extends past the
   adjacent corner's padding edge, the inner curve may not be a full quarter
   ellipse.

  <p>All border styles (&lsquo;<code class=css>solid</code>&rsquo;,
   &lsquo;<code class=css>dotted</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<code
   class=css>inset</code>&rsquo;, etc.) follow the curve of the border.

  <div class=figure>
   <p><img alt="The effect of rounded corners on unequal borders"
    src=smooth-radius.png>

   <p class=caption>The effect of a rounded corner when the two borders it
    connects are of unequal thickness (left) and the effect of a rounded
    corner on borders that are thicker than the radius of the corner (right).
    
  </div>

  <h3 id=corner-clipping><span class=secno>5.3. </span>Corner Clipping</h3>

  <p>A box's backgrounds, but not its <a
   href="#the-border-image">border-image</a>, are clipped to the appropriate
   curve (as determined by &lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
   class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo;). Other effects that clip
   to the border or padding edge (such as &lsquo;<code
   class=property>overflow</code>&rsquo; other than &lsquo;<code
   class=css>visible</code>&rsquo;) also must clip to the curve. The content
   of replaced elements is always trimmed to the content edge curve. Also,
   the area outside the curve of the border edge does not accept mouse events
   on behalf of the element.

  <div class=example>
   <p>This example adds appropriate padding, so that the contents do not
    overflow the corners. Note that there is no border, but the background
    will still have rounded corners.

   <pre>
DIV {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    border-radius: 1em;
    padding: 1em }
</pre>
  </div>

  <h3 id=corner-transitions><span class=secno>5.4. </span>Color and Style
   Transitions</h3>

  <p>Color and style transitions must be contained within the segment of the
   border that intersects the smallest rectangle that contains both border
   radii as well as the center of the inner curve (which may be a point
   representing the corner of the padding edge, if the border radii are
   smaller than the border-width).

  <p>The center of color and style transitions between adjoining borders is
   at the point on the curve that is at an angle that is proportional to the
   ratio of the border widths. For example, if the top and right border
   widths are equal, that point is at a 45&deg; angle from the horizontal,
   and if the top is twice the width of the right the point is at a 30&deg;
   angle from the horizontal. The line demarcating this transition is drawn
   between the point at that angle on the outer arc and the point at that
   angle on the inner arc.

  <p>It is not defined what these transitions look like.

  <div class=figure>
   <p><img alt="Illustration of the transition region on curved corners"
    src=transition-region.png>

   <p class=caption>Given these corner shapes, color and style transitions
    must be contained within the green region. In case D the rectangle
    defined by the border radii does not include the center of the inner
    curve (which is a sharp corner), so the transition region is expanded to
    include that corner. Transitions may take up the entire transition
    region, but are not required to: For example, a gradient color transition
    between two solid border styles might take up only the region bounded by
    the tips of the outer radii and the tips of the inner radii (represented
    in case D by the dark green region).
  </div>

  <h3 id=corner-overlap><span class=secno>5.5. </span>Overlapping Curves</h3>

  <p>Corner curves must not overlap: When the sum of any two adjacent border
   radii exceeds the size of the border box, UAs must proportionally reduce
   the used value of all border radii until none of them overlap. The
   algorithm for reducing radii is as follows:

  <p>Let <var>f</var> =
   min(<var>L<sub>i</sub></var>/<var>S<sub>i</sub></var>), where <var>i</var>
   ∈ {top, right, bottom, left}, <var>S<sub>i</sub></var> is the sum of the
   radii of the corners on side <var>i</var>, and <var>L<sub>top</sub></var>
   = <var>L<sub>bottom</sub></var> = the width of the box, and
   <var>L<sub>left</sub></var> = <var>L<sub>right</sub></var> = the height of
   the box. If <var>f</var> &lt; 1, then all corner radii are reduced by
   multiplying them by <var>f</var>.

  <p class=note>Note that this formula ensures that quarter circles remain
   quarter circles and large radii remain larger than smaller ones, but it
   may reduce corners that were already small enough, which may make borders
   of nearby elements that should look the same look different.

  <p>If the curve interferes with UI elements such as scrollbars, the UA may
   further reduce the used value of the affected border radii (and only the
   affected border radii) as much as necessary, but no more.

  <p>The rendering of the box must be exactly the same as if the reduced
   border-radius values were those originally specified.

  <div class=example>
   <p>For example, the borders A and D of the <a
    href="#reduced-radius">figure below</a> might be the result of

   <pre>
box-sizing: border-box;
width: 6em;
height: 2.5em;
border-radius: 0.5em 2em 0.5em 2em
</pre>

   <p>The height (2.5em) is enough for the specified radii (0.5em plus
    2.5em). However, if the height is only 2em,

   <pre>
box-sizing: border-box;
width: 6em;
height: 2em;
border-radius: 0.5em 2em 0.5em 2em
</pre>

   <p>all corners need to be reduced by a factor 0.8 to make them fit. The
    used border radii thus are 0.4em (instead of 0.5em) and 1.6em (instead of
    2em). See borders B and C in the figure.

   <div class=figure id=reduced-radius>
    <p><img alt="[image: rectangle with two tiny rounded corners and two very
     large ones, on opposite corners]" src=corner-large-mix>

    <p class=caption>These rounded corner might be the result of &lsquo;<code
     class=css>width: 6em; height: 2.5em; border-radius: 0.5em 2em 0.5em
     2em</code>&rsquo; for A and D; and ditto but with &lsquo;<code
     class=css>height: 2em</code>&rsquo; for B and C.
   </div>
  </div>

  <h3 id=border-radius-tables><span class=secno>5.6. </span>Effect on Tables</h3>

  <p>The &lsquo;<a href="#border-radius"><code
   class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo; properties do apply to
   &lsquo;<code class=css>table</code>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<code
   class=css>inline-table</code>&rsquo; elements. When &lsquo;<code
   class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;, the UA may apply the border-radius
   properties to &lsquo;<code class=css>table</code>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<code
   class=css>inline-table</code>&rsquo; elements, but is not required to. In
   this case not only must the border radii of adjacent corners not
   intersect, but the horizontal and vertical radii of a single corner may
   not extend past the boundaries of the cell at that corner (i.e. the cell's
   other corners must not be affected by this corner's border-radius). If the
   computed values of the border radii would cause this effect, then the used
   values of all the border radii of the table must be reduced by the same
   factor so that the radii neither intersect nor extend past the boundaries
   of their respective corner cells.

  <p>The effect of border-radius on <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/tables.html#tables-intro">internal table
   elements</a> is undefined in CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders, but may be
   defined in a future specification. CSS3 UAs <em>should</em> ignore
   border-radius properties applied to internal table elements when
   &lsquo;<code class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
   class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;.

  <div class=example>
   <p>This example draws ovals of 15em wide and 10em high:

   <pre>
DIV.standout {
    width: 13em;
    height: 8em;
    border: solid black 1em;
    border-radius: 7.5em 5em }
</pre>
  </div>

  <h2 id=border-images><span class=secno>6. </span>Border Images</h2>

  <p>Authors can specify an image to be used in place of the border styles.
   In this case, the border's design is taken from the sides and corners of
   an image specified with &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-source"><code
   class=property>border-image-source</code></a>&rsquo;, whose pieces may be
   sliced, scaled and stretched in various ways to fit the size of the <a
   href="#border-image-area"><em>border image area.</em></a> The border-image
   properties do not affect layout: layout of the box, its content, and
   surrounding content is based on the &lsquo;<a href="#border-width"><code
   class=property>border-width</code></a>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-style"><code class=property>border-style</code></a>&rsquo;
   properties only.

  <div class=example>
   <p>This example creates a top and bottom border consisting of a whole
    number of orange diamonds and a left and right border of a single,
    stretched diamond. The corners are diamonds of a different color. The
    image to tile is as follows. Apart from the diamonds, it is transparent:

   <p><img alt="Tile for border" src=border.png>

   <p>The image is 81 by 81 pixels and has to be divided into 9 equal parts.
    The style rules could thus be as follows:

   <pre>
DIV {
  border: double orange 1em;
  border-image: url("border.png") 27 round stretch;
 }
</pre>

   <p>The result, when applied to a DIV of 12 by 5em, will be similar to
    this:

   <p><img alt="element with a diamond border" src=borderresult.png>
  </div>

  <div class=example>
   <p>This shows a more complicated example, demonstrating how the border
    image corresponds to the fallback border-style but can also extend beyond
    the border area. The border image is a wavy green border with an extended
    corner effect:</p>

   <div class=figure>
    <p><img alt="Diagram: The border image shows a wavy green border with
     more exaggerated waves towards the corners, which are capped by a
     disconnected green circle. Four cuts at 124px offsets from each side
     divide the image into 124px-wide square corners, 124px-wide but thin
     side slices, and a small center square."
     src=groovy-border-image-slice.png>

    <p class=caption>The &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-source"><code
     class=property>border-image-source</code></a>&rsquo; image, with the
     four &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-slice"><code
     class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo; cuts at 124px
     dividing the image into nine parts.</p>
   </div>

   <p>The rest of the border properties then interact to lay out the tiles as
    follows:</p>

   <div class=figure>
    <p><img alt="Diagram: The image-less (fallback) rendering has a green
     double border. The rendering with border-image shows the wavy green
     border, with the waves getting longer as they reach the corners. The
     corner tiles render as 124px-wide squares and the side tiles repeat a
     whole number of times to fill the space in between. Because of the
     gradual corner effects, the tiles extend deep into the padding area. The
     whole border image effect is outset 31px, so that the troughs of the
     waves align just outside the padding edge." src=border-image.png>

    <p class=caption>Diagram of all border-image properties and how they
     interact, and showing the rendering with and without the border-image in
     effect.</p>
   </div>

   <p>Here, even though the border-width is 12px, the &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-image-width"><code
    class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo; property computes to
    124px. The border-image area is then outset 31px from the border-box and
    into the margin area. If the border-image fails to load (or border images
    are not supported by the UA), the fallback rendering uses a green double
    border.
  </div>

  <div class=example id=border-image-border-shorthand-example>
   <p>Notice that the &lsquo;<a href="#border"><code
    class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand resets &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-image"><code class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo;.
    This makes it easy to turn off or reset all border effects:</p>

   <pre>
    .notebox {
      border: double orange;
      /* must set 'border' shorthand first, otherwise it erases 'border-image' */
      border-image: url("border.png") 30 round;
      /* but other 'border' properties can be set after */
      border-width: thin thick;
    }
    ...
    .sidebar .notebox {
      box-shadow: 0 0 5px gray;
      border-radius: 5px;
      border: none; /* turn off all borders */
      /* 'border' shorthand resets 'border-image' */
    }
  </pre>
  </div>

  <h3 id=the-border-image-source><span class=secno>6.1. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-source"><code
   class=property>border-image-source</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-image-source>border-image-source</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>none | <a href="#ltimagegt"><var>&lt;image&gt;</var></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>none

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when &lsquo;<code
      class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
      class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>&lsquo;<code class=css>none</code>&rsquo; or the image with its URI
      made absolute
  </table>

  <p>Specifies an image to use instead of the border styles given by the
   &lsquo;<a href="#border-style"><code
   class=property>border-style</code></a>&rsquo; properties and as an
   additional background layer for the element. If the value is <dfn id=none1
   title="''none''!!'border-image-source' value">&lsquo;<code
   class=css>none</code>&rsquo;</dfn> or if the image cannot be displayed,
   the border styles will be used.

  <h3 id=the-border-image-slice><span class=secno>6.2. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-slice"><code
   class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-image-slice>border-image-slice</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>[<var>&lt;number&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var>]{1,4}
      &amp;&amp; fill?

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>100%

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when &lsquo;<code
      class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
      class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>refer to size of the border image

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>as specified
  </table>

  <p>The four &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-slice"><code
   class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo; values represent
   inward offsets from the top, right, bottom, and left edges of the image
   respectively, dividing it into nine regions: four corners, four edges and
   a middle. The middle image part is discarded (treated as fully
   transparent) unless the &lsquo;<code class=css>fill</code>&rsquo; keyword
   is present. (It is drawn over the background; see the <a
   href="#border-image-process">border-image drawing process</a>.)

  <p>If the fourth number/percentage is absent, it is the same as the second.
   If the third one is also absent, it is the same as the first. If the
   second one is also absent, it is the same as the first.

  <dl>
   <dt><var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var>

   <dd>Percentages are relative to the size of the image: the width of the
    image for the horizontal offsets, the height for vertical offsets.

   <dt><var>&lt;number&gt;</var>

   <dd>Numbers represent pixels in the image (if the image is a raster image)
    or vector coordinates (if the image is a vector image).

   <dt><dfn id=border-image-slice-fill>&lsquo;<code
    class=css>fill</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The &lsquo;<code class=css>fill</code>&rsquo; keyword, if present,
    causes the middle part of the border-image to be preserved. (By default
    it is discarded, i.e., treated as empty.)
  </dl>

  <p>Negative values are not allowed and values bigger than the size of the
   image are interpreted as &lsquo;<code class=css>100%</code>&rsquo;.

  <p>The regions given by the &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-slice"><code
   class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo; values may overlap.
   However if the sum of the right and left widths is equal to or greater
   than the width of the image, the images for the top and bottom edge and
   the middle part are empty, which has the same effect as if a nonempty
   transparent image had been specified for those parts. Analogously for the
   top and bottom values.

  <div class=figure>
   <p><img alt="Diagram: two horizontal cuts and two vertical cuts through an
    image" src=slice>

   <p class=caption>Diagram illustrating the cuts corresponding to the value
    &lsquo;<code class=css>25% 30% 12% 20%</code>&rsquo;
  </div>

  <h3 id=the-border-image-width><span class=secno>6.3. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-width"><code
   class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-image-width>border-image-width</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>[ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var> |
      <var>&lt;number&gt;</var> | auto ]{1,4}

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>1

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>All elements, except table elements when &lsquo;<code
      class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
      class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>Relative to width/height of the <a
      href="#border-image-area"><em>border image area</em></a>

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>all <var>&lt;length&gt;</var>s made absolute, otherwise as specified
      
  </table>

  <p>The border image is drawn inside an area called the <a
   href="#border-image-area"><em>border image area</em></a>. This is an area
   whose boundaries by default correspond to the border box, see &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-outset"><code
   class=property>border-image-outset</code></a>&rsquo;.

  <p>The four values of &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-width"><code
   class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo; specify offsets that
   are used to divide the border image area into nine parts. They represent
   inward distances from the the top, right, bottom, and left sides of the
   area, respectively. If the fourth value is absent, it is the same as the
   second. If the third one is also absent, it is the same as the first. If
   the second one is also absent, it is the same as the first. Values have
   the following meanings:

  <dl>
   <dt><var>&lt;percentage&gt;</var>

   <dd>Percentages refer to the size of the border image area: the width of
    the area for horizontal offsets, the height for vertical offsets.

   <dt><var>&lt;number&gt;</var>

   <dd>Numbers represent multiples of the corresponding computed <a
    href="#the-border-width">border-width</a>.

   <dt><dfn id=auto0 title="''auto''!!'border-image-width'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>auto</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>If &lsquo;<code class=css>auto</code>&rsquo; is specified then the
    border image width is the intrinsic width or height (whichever is
    applicable) of the corresponding image slice (see &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-image-slice"><code
    class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo;). If the image does
    not have the required intrinsic dimension then the corresponding <a
    href="#the-border-width">border-width</a> is used instead.
  </dl>

  <p class=issue>Are percentages of the border-image area useful? Should
   percentages be used instead of numbers for ratios?

  <p>Negative values are not allowed for any &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-width"><code
   class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo; values.

  <p>If two opposite &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-width"><code
   class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo; offsets are large
   enough that they overlap, then the used values of all &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-width"><code
   class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo; offsets are
   proportionally reduced until they no longer overlap. In mathematical
   notation: Given <var>L<sub>width</sub></var> as the width of the border
   image area, <var>L<sub>height</sub></var> as its height, and
   <var>W<sub><var>side</var></sub></var> as the border image width offset
   for the <var>side</var> side, let <var>f</var> =
   min(<var>L<sub>width</sub></var>/(<var>W<sub>left</sub></var>+<var>W<sub>right</sub></var>),
   <var>L<sub>height</sub></var>/(<var>W<sub>top</sub></var>+<var>W<sub>bottom</sub></var>)).
   If <var>f</var> &lt; 1, then all <var>W</var> are reduced by multiplying
   them by <var>f</var>.

  <h3 id=the-border-image-outset><span class=secno>6.4. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-outset"><code
   class=property>border-image-outset</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-image-outset>border-image-outset</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>[ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var> | <var>&lt;number&gt;</var> ]{1,4}

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>0

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when &lsquo;<code
      class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
      class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>all <var>&lt;length&gt;</var>s made absolute, otherwise as specified
      
  </table>

  <p>The values specify the amount by which the <dfn
   id=border-image-area>border image area</dfn> extends beyond the border box
   on the top, right, bottom, and left sides respectively. If the fourth
   value is absent, it is the same as the second. If the third one is also
   absent, it is the same as the first. If the second one is also absent, it
   is the same as the first. Numbers represent multiples of the corresponding
   <a href="#the-border-width">border-width</a>.

  <p>Negative values are not allowed for any of the &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-outset"><code
   class=property>border-image-outset</code></a>&rsquo; values.

  <p>Portions of the border-image that are rendered outside the border box do
   not trigger scrolling. Also such portions are invisible to mouse events
   and do not capture such events on behalf of the element.

  <p class=note>Note that, even though they never cause a scrolling
   mechanism, they may still be clipped by an ancestor or by the viewport.

  <h3 id=the-border-image-repeat><span class=secno>6.5. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-repeat"><code
   class=property>border-image-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-image-repeat>border-image-repeat</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>[ stretch | repeat | round ]{1,2}

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>stretch

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when &lsquo;<code
      class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
      class=css>collapse</code>&rsquo;

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>as specified
  </table>

  <p>This property specifies how the images for the sides and the middle part
   of the border image are scaled and tiled. If the second keyword is absent,
   it is assumed to be the same as the first. Values have the following
   meanings:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=stretch>&lsquo;<code class=css>stretch</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The image is stretched to fill the area.

   <dt><dfn id=repeat0 title="''repeat''!!'border-image-repeat'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The image is tiled (repeated) to fill the area.

   <dt><dfn id=round0 title="''round''!!'border-image-repeat'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>round</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The image is tiled (repeated) to fill the area. If it does not fill
    the area with a whole number of tiles, the image is rescaled so that it
    does.

   <dt><dfn id=space0 title="''space''!!'border-image-repeat'
    value">&lsquo;<code class=css>space</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>The image is tiled (repeated) to fill the area. If it does not fill
    the area with a whole number of tiles, the extra space is distributed
    around the tiles.
  </dl>

  <p>The exact process for scaling and tiling the border-image parts is given
   in the section below.

  <h3 id=border-image-process><span class=secno>6.6. </span>Border-image
   drawing process</h3>

  <p>After the border-image given by &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-source"><code
   class=property>border-image-source</code></a>&rsquo; is sliced by the
   &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-slice"><code
   class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo; values, the resulting
   nine images are scaled, positioned, and tiled into their corresponding
   border image regions in four steps:

  <ol>
   <li>Scale to &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-width"><code
    class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo;.
    <ul>
     <li>
      <p>The two images for the top and bottom edges are made as tall as the
       top and bottom <a href="#border-image-area"><em>border image
       area</em></a> parts, respectively, and their width is scaled
       proportionally.

     <li>
      <p>The images for the left and right edge are made as wide as the left
       and right <a href="#border-image-area"><em>border image area</em></a>
       parts, respectively, and their height is scaled proportionally.

     <li>
      <p>The corner images are scaled to be as wide and as tall as the two
       border-image edges they are part of.

     <li>
      <p>The middle image's width is scaled by the same factor as the top
       image unless that factor is zero or infinity, in which case the
       scaling factor of the bottom is substituted, and failing that, the
       width is not scaled. The height of the middle image is scaled by the
       same factor as the left image unless that factor is zero or infinity,
       in which case the scaling factor of the right image is substituted,
       and failing that, the height is not scaled.</p>
    </ul>

   <li>Scale to &lsquo;<a href="#border-image-repeat"><code
    class=property>border-image-repeat</code></a>&rsquo;.
    <ul>
     <li>
      <p>If the first keyword is &lsquo;<code
       class=css>stretch</code>&rsquo;, the top, middle and bottom images are
       further scaled to be as wide as the middle part of the <a
       href="#border-image-area">border image area.</a> The height is not
       changed any further.

     <li>
      <p>If the first keyword is &lsquo;<code class=css>round</code>&rsquo;,
       the top, middle and bottom images are resized in width, so that
       exactly a whole number of them fit in the middle part of the
       border-image area, exactly as for &lsquo;<code
       class=css>round</code>&rsquo; in the &lsquo;<a
       href="#background-repeat"><code
       class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; property.

     <li>
      <p>If the first keyword is &lsquo;<code class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;
       or &lsquo;<code class=css>space</code>&rsquo;, the top, middle, and
       bottom images are not changed any further.

     <li>
      <p>The effects of &lsquo;<code class=css>stretch</code>&rsquo;,
       &lsquo;<code class=css>round</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<code
       class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<code
       class=css>space</code>&rsquo; for the second keyword are analogous,
       acting on the height of the left, middle and right images.
    </ul>

   <li>Position the first tile.
    <ul>
     <li>
      <p>If the first keyword is &lsquo;<code class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;,
       the top, middle, and bottom images are centered horizontally in their
       respective areas. Otherwise the images are placed at the left edge of
       their respective parts of the border-image area.

     <li>
      <p>If the second keyword is &lsquo;<code
       class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;, the left, middle, and right images are
       centered vertically in their respective areas. Otherwise the images
       are placed at the top edge of their respective parts of the
       border-image area.
    </ul>

   <li>Tile and draw.
    <ul>
     <li>
      <p>The images are then tiled to fill their respective areas. All images
       are drawn at the same stacking level as normal borders: immediately in
       front of the background layers.

     <li>
      <p>In the case of &lsquo;<code class=css>space</code>&rsquo;, any
       partial tiles are discarded and the extra space distributed before,
       after, and between the tiles. (I.e. the gap before the first tile, the
       gap after the last tile, and the gaps between tiles are equalized.)
       <span class=note>This can result in empty border-image side
       areas.</span>
    </ul>
  </ol>

  <h3 id=the-border-image><span class=secno>6.7. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image"><code class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo;
   shorthand</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=border-image>border-image</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td> <var>&lt;&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-source"><code
      class=property>border-image-source</code></a>&rsquo;&gt;</var> ||
      <var>&lt;&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-slice"><code
      class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo;&gt;</var> [ /
      <var>&lt;&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-width"><code
      class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo;&gt;</var>? [ /
      <var>&lt;&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-outset"><code
      class=property>border-image-outset</code></a>&rsquo;&gt;</var> ]? ]? ||
      <var>&lt;&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-repeat"><code
      class=property>border-image-repeat</code></a>&rsquo;&gt;</var>

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>See individual properties

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>See individual properties

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>See individual properties
  </table>

  <p>This is a shorthand property for setting &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-source"><code
   class=property>border-image-source</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-slice"><code
   class=property>border-image-slice</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-width"><code
   class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-outset"><code
   class=property>border-image-outset</code></a>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-image-repeat"><code
   class=property>border-image-repeat</code></a>&rsquo;. Omitted values are
   set to their initial values.

  <h2 id=misc><span class=secno>7. </span>Miscellaneous Effects</h2>

  <h3 id=the-box-decoration-break><span class=secno>7.1. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#box-decoration-break"><code
   class=property>box-decoration-break</code></a>&rsquo; property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=box-decoration-break>box-decoration-break</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>slice | clone

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>slice

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>as specified
  </table>

  <p>When a box is broken at a page break, column break, or, for inline
   elements, at a line break, the &lsquo;<a
   href="#box-decoration-break"><code
   class=property>box-decoration-break</code></a>&rsquo; property specifies
   whether individual boxes are treated as broken pieces of one continuous
   box, or whether each box is individually wrapped with the border and
   padding. For backgrounds it defines how the <a class=index
   href="#background-positioning-area"
   id=background-positioning-area2>background positioning area</a> is derived
   from these multiple boxes and how the element's background is drawn within
   them. Values have the following meanings:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=clone>&lsquo;<code class=css>clone</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>Each box is independently wrapped with the border and padding. The
    &lsquo;<a href="#border-radius"><code
    class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-image"><code class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo;
    and &lsquo;<a href="#box-shadow"><code
    class=property>box-shadow</code></a>&rsquo;, if any, are applied to each
    box independently. The background is drawn independently in each box of
    the element. A no-repeat background image will thus be rendered once in
    each box of the element.

   <dt><dfn id=slice>&lsquo;<code class=css>slice</code>&rsquo;</dfn>

   <dd>
    <p>No border and no padding are inserted at the break. No box-shadow is
     drawn at the broken edge; &lsquo;<a href="#border-radius"><code
     class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo; does not apply to its
     corners; and the &lsquo;<a href="#border-image"><code
     class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo; is rendered for the whole
     box as if it were unbroken. The effect is as though the element were
     rendered with no break present, and then sliced by the break afterward.

    <p>Backgrounds are drawn as if, after the element has been laid out
     (including any justification, bidi reordering, page breaks, etc.), all
     the element's boxes are taken and put one after the other in visual
     order. The background is applied to the bounding box of this composite
     box and then the boxes are put back, with their share of the background.</p>

    <p>For boxes broken across lines, first boxes on the same line are
     connected in visual order. Then boxes on subsequent lines are ordered
     according to the element's inline progression direction and aligned on
     the baseline. For example in a left-to-right containing block
     (&lsquo;<code class=property>direction</code>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<code
     class=css>ltr</code>&rsquo;), the first box is the leftmost box on the
     first line and boxes from subsequent lines are put to the right of it.
     In a right-to-left containing block, the first box is the rightmost on
     the first line and subsequent boxes are put to the left of it.</p>

    <p>For boxes broken across columns, the columns are treated as one
     continuous element, as if the column boxes were glued together in the
     block progression direction of the multi-column element. For boxes
     broken across pages, the page content areas are glued together in the
     block progression direction of the root element. In these cases, if the
     pieces have different widths (heights, if the root element /
     multi-column element is in vertical text mode), then each piece draws
     its background assuming that the whole element has the same width
     (height) as this piece. This ensures that right-aligned images stay
     aligned to the right edge, left-aligned images stay aligned to the left
     edge, and centered images stay centered.
  </dl>

  <div class=figure>
   <p><img alt="Illustration: (1) a single box cut in two in between two
    lines of text by a page break and (2) two boxes, one before and one after
    the page break, both with a border all around and their own background
    image" src=box-break.png>

   <p class=caption>Two possibilities for &lsquo;<a
    href="#box-decoration-break"><code
    class=property>box-decoration-break</code></a>&rsquo;: on the left, the
    value &lsquo;<code class=css>slice</code>&rsquo;, on the right the value
    &lsquo;<code class=css>clone</code>&rsquo;.
  </div>

  <p>For inline elements side of the box that breaks is determined by the
   element's inline progression direction, not that of the containing block.
   For example, the first part of an inline element with &lsquo;<code
   class=css>direction: rtl</code>&rsquo; inside a block with &lsquo;<code
   class=css>direction: ltr</code>&rsquo; will break on the left side.

  <h3 id=the-box-shadow><span class=secno>7.2. </span>The &lsquo;<a
   href="#box-shadow"><code class=property>box-shadow</code></a>&rsquo;
   property</h3>

  <table class=propdef>
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <th>Name:

     <td><dfn id=box-shadow>box-shadow</dfn>

    <tr>
     <th>Value:

     <td>none | <a href="#ltshadowgt"><var>&lt;shadow&gt;</var></a> [ , <a
      href="#ltshadowgt"><var>&lt;shadow&gt;</var></a> ]*

    <tr>
     <th>Initial:

     <td>none

    <tr>
     <th>Applies to:

     <td>all elements

    <tr>
     <th>Inherited:

     <td>no

    <tr>
     <th>Percentages:

     <td>N/A

    <tr>
     <th>Media:

     <td>visual

    <tr>
     <th>Computed value:

     <td>any &lt;length&gt; made absolute; any color computed; otherwise as
      specified
  </table>

  <p>The &lsquo;<a href="#box-shadow"><code
   class=property>box-shadow</code></a>&rsquo; property attaches one or more
   drop-shadows to the box. The property is a comma-separated list of
   shadows, each specified by 2-4 length values, an optional color, and an
   optional &lsquo;<code class=css>inset</code>&rsquo; keyword. Omitted
   lengths are 0; omitted colors are a UA-chosen color.

  <p>Where

  <pre class=prod>
<dfn id=ltshadowgt><var>&lt;shadow&gt;</var></dfn> = inset? &amp;&amp; [ <var>&lt;length&gt;</var>{2,4} &amp;&amp; <a href="#ltcolorgt"><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></a>? ]</pre>

  <p>The components of each <a
   href="#ltshadowgt"><var>&lt;shadow&gt;</var></a> are interpreted as
   follows:

  <ul>
   <li>The first length is the horizontal offset of the shadow. A positive
    value draws a shadow that is offset to the right of the box, a negative
    length to the left.

   <li>The second length is the vertical offset. A positive value offsets the
    shadow down, a negative one up.

   <li>The third length is a blur radius. Negative values are not allowed. If
    the blur value is zero, the shadow's edge is sharp. Otherwise, the larger
    the value, the more the shadow's edge is blurred. See below.

   <li>The fourth length is a spread distance. Positive values cause the
    shadow shape to expand in all directions by the specified radius.
    Negative values cause the shadow shape to contract. See below. <span
    class=note>Note that for inner shadows, expanding the shadow (creating
    more shadow area) means contracting the shadow's perimeter shape.</span>

   <li>The color is the color of the shadow.

   <li>The &lsquo;<code class=css>inset</code>&rsquo; keyword, if present,
    changes the drop shadow from an outer shadow (one that shadows the box
    onto the canvas, as if it were lifted above the canvas) to an inner
    shadow (one that shadows the canvas onto the box, as if the box were cut
    out of the canvas and shifted behind it).
  </ul>

  <p>An outer box-shadow casts a shadow as if the border-box of the element
   were opaque. The shadow is drawn outside the border edge only: it is
   clipped inside the border-box of the element.

  <p>An inner box-shadow casts a shadow as if everything outside the padding
   edge were opaque. The inner shadow is drawn inside the padding edge only:
   it is clipped outside the padding box of the element.

  <p>If the box has a nonzero <span class=property>&lsquo;<a
   href="#border-radius"><code
   class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo;</span>, the shadow shape is
   rounded in the same way. The &lsquo;<a href="#border-image"><code
   class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo; does not affect the shape of
   the box-shadow.

  <p>If a spread distance is defined, the shadow is expanded outward or
   contracted inward by an operation equivalent to applying the absolute
   value of the spread value to a blur operation as defined below and
   thresholding the result such that for a positive spread distance all
   non-transparent pixels are given the full shadow color and for a negative
   spread distance all non-opaque pixels are made transparent. The UA may
   approximate this operation by taking an outward outset of the specified
   amount normal to the original shadow perimeter. Alternatively the UA may
   approximate the transformed shadow perimeter shape by outsetting
   (insetting, for inner shadows) the shadow's straight edges by the spread
   distance and increasing (decreasing, for inner shadows) and flooring at
   zero the corner radii by the same amount. (The UA may even combine these
   methods, using one method for outer shadows and another for inner ones.)
   For corners with a zero border-radius, however, the corner must remain
   sharp&#8212;the operation is equivalent to scaling the shadow shape. In
   any case, the effective width and height of the shadow shape is floored at
   zero. (A zero-sized shadow shape would cause an outer shadow to disappear,
   and an inner shadow to cover the entire padding-box.)

  <p>A non-zero blur distance indicates that the resulting shadow should be
   blurred, such as by a Gaussian filter. The exact algorithm is not defined;
   however the resulting shadow must approximate (with each pixel being
   within 5% of its expected value) the image that would be generated by
   applying to the shadow a Gaussian blur with a standard deviation equal to
   half the blur radius

  <p class=note>Note this means for a long, straight shadow edge, the blur
   radius will create a visibly apparent color transition approximately the
   twice length of the blur radius that is perpendicular to and centered on
   the shadow's edge, and that ranges from the full shadow color at the
   endpoint inside the shadow to fully transparent at the endpoint outside
   it.

  <div class=example>
   <p>The example below demonstrates the effects of spread and blur on the
    shadow:</p>

   <p class=figure> <img alt="An example of spread and blur on a box with two
    round corners and two square ones" src=spread-blur.png></p>
  </div>

  <p>The shadow effects are applied front-to-back: the first shadow is on top
   and the others are layered behind. Shadows do not influence layout and may
   overlap other boxes or their shadows. In terms of stacking contexts and
   the painting order, the outer shadows of an element are drawn immediately
   below the background of that element, and the inner shadows of an element
   are drawn immediately above the background of that element (below the
   borders and border image, if any).

  <p>If an element has multiple boxes, all of them get drop shadows, but
   shadows are only drawn where borders would also be drawn; see &lsquo;<a
   href="#box-decoration-break"><code
   class=property>box-decoration-break</code></a>&rsquo;.

  <p>Shadows do not trigger scrolling or increase the size of the scrollable
   area.

  <div class=example>
   <p>Below are some examples of an orange box with a blue border being being
    given a drop shadow.</p>

   <table class=data id=box-shadow-samples>
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th scope=rowgroup>
       <pre><code><!--
     -->border:5px solid blue;
<!-- -->background-color:orange;
<!-- -->width: 144px;
<!-- -->height: 144px;<!--
   --></code></pre>

      <th>
       <pre><code>border-radius: 20px;</code></pre>

      <th>
       <pre><code>border-radius: 0;</code></pre>

     <tr>
      <th>
       <pre><code><!--
     -->box-shadow:
<!-- -->  rgba(0,0,0,0.4)
<!-- -->  10px 10px;<!--
   --></code></pre>

      <td> <img alt="A round-cornered box with a light gray shadow the same
       shape as the border box offset 10px to the right and 10px down from
       directly underneath the box." height=175 src=shadow-outer-round.png
       width=175>

      <td> <img alt="A square-cornered box with a light gray shadow the same
       shape as the border box offset 10px to the right and 10px down from
       directly underneath the box." height=175 src=shadow-outer-square.png
       width=175>

     <tr>
      <th>
       <pre><code><!--
     -->box-shadow:
<!-- -->  rgba(0,0,0,0.4)
<!-- -->  10px 10px
<!-- -->  inset<!--
   --></code></pre>

      <td> <img alt="A round-cornered box with a light gray shadow the
       inverse shape of the padding box filling 10px in from the top and left
       edges (just inside the border)." height=175 src=shadow-inner-round.png
       width=175>

      <td> <img alt="A square-cornered box with a light gray shadow the
       inverse shape of the padding box filling 10px in from the top and left
       edges (just inside the border)." height=175
       src=shadow-inner-square.png width=175>

     <tr>
      <th>
       <pre><code><!--
     -->box-shadow:
<!-- -->  rgba(0,0,0,0.4)
<!-- -->  10px 10px 0
<!-- -->  10px /* spread */<!--
   --></code></pre>

      <td> <img alt="A round-cornered box with a light gray shadow the same
       shape as the box but 20px taller and wider and offset so that the top
       and left edges of the shadow are directly underneath the top and left
       edges of the box." height=175 src=shadow-outer-spread-round.png
       width=175>

      <td> <img alt="A square-cornered box with a light gray shadow the same
       shape as the box but 20px taller and wider and offset so that the top
       and left edges of the shadow are directly underneath the top and left
       edges of the box." height=175 src=shadow-outer-spread-square.png
       width=175>

     <tr>
      <th>
       <pre><code><!--
     -->box-shadow:
<!-- -->  rgba(0,0,0,0.4)
<!-- -->  10px 10px 0
<!-- -->  10px /* spread */
<!-- -->  inset<!--
   --></code></pre>

      <td> <img alt="A round-cornered box with a light gray shadow the
       inverse shape of the box but 20px narrower and shorter filling 20px in
       from the top and left edges (just inside the border)." height=175
       src=shadow-inner-spread-round.png width=175>

      <td> <img alt="A round-cornered box with a light gray shadow the
       inverse shape of the box but 20px narrower and shorter filling 20px in
       from the top and left edges (just inside the border)." height=175
       src=shadow-inner-spread-square.png width=175>
   </table>
  </div>

  <p>The &lsquo;<a href="#box-shadow"><code
   class=css>box-shadow</code></a>&rsquo; property applies to the
   &lsquo;<code class=css>::first-letter</code>&rsquo; pseudo-element, but
   not the &lsquo;<code class=css>::first-line</code>&rsquo; pseudo-element.
   Outer shadows have no effect on internal table elements in the collapsing
   border model. If a shadow is defined for single border edge in the
   collapsing border model that has multiple border thicknesses (e.g. an
   outer shadow on a table where one row has thicker borders than the others,
   or an inner shadow on a rowspanning table cell that adjoins cells with
   different border thicknesses), the exact position and rendering of its
   shadows are undefined.

  <h2 id=definitions><span class=secno>8. </span>Definitions</h2>

  <h3 id=glossary><span class=secno>8.1. </span>Glossary</h3>

  <p>The following terms and abbreviations are used in this module.

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=ua>UA</dfn>

   <dt><dfn id=user-agent>User Agent</dfn>

   <dd>
    <p>A program that reads and/or writes CSS style sheets on behalf of a
     user in either or both of these categories: programs whose purpose is to
     render <a href="#document">documents</a> (e.g., browsers) and programs
     whose purpose is to create style sheets (e.g., editors). A UA may fall
     into both categories. (There are other programs that read or write style
     sheets, but this module gives no rules for them.)

   <dt><dfn id=document title="document|documents">document</dfn>

   <dd>
    <p>A tree-structured document with elements and attributes, such as an
     SGML or XML document <a href="#XML11"
     rel=biblioentry>[XML11]<!--{{XML11}}--></a>.

   <dt><dfn id=style-sheet>style sheet</dfn>

   <dd>
    <p>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#style-sheet">CSS
     style sheet</a>.
  </dl>

  <h3 id=conformance><span class=secno>8.2. </span>Conformance</h3>

  <p>Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of descriptive
   assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words “MUST”, “MUST
   NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”,
   “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in the
   normative parts of this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC
   2119. However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase
   letters in this specification. All of the text of this specification is
   normative except sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples,
   and notes. <a href="#RFC2119"
   rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>

  <p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for
   example” or are set apart from the normative text with
   <code>class="example"</code>, like this:

  <div class=example>
   <p>This is an example of an informative example.</p>
  </div>

  <p>Informative notes begin with the word “Note” and are set apart from
   the normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:

  <p class=note>Note, this is an informative note.

  <p>Conformance to CSS Backgrounds and Borders Level 3 is defined for three
   classes:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=style-sheet0 title="style sheet!!as conformance class">style
    sheet</dfn>

   <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#style-sheet">CSS
    style sheet</a>.

   <dt><dfn id=renderer>renderer</dfn>

   <dd>A UA that interprets the semantics of a style sheet and renders <a
    href="#document">documents</a> that use them.

   <dt><dfn id=authoring-tool>authoring tool</dfn>

   <dd>A UA that writes a style sheet.
  </dl>

  <p>A style sheet is conformant to CSS Backgrounds and Borders Level 3 if
   all of its declarations that use properties defined in this module have
   values that are valid according to the generic CSS grammar and the
   individual grammars of each property as given in this module.

  <p>A renderer is conformant to CSS Backgrounds and Borders Level 3 if, in
   addition to interpreting the style sheet as defined by the appropriate
   specifications, it supports all the properties defined by CSS Backgrounds
   and Borders Level 3 by parsing them correctly and rendering the document
   accordingly. However the inability of a UA to correctly render a document
   due to limitations of the device does not make the UA non-conformant. (For
   example, a UA is not required to render color on a monochrome monitor.)

  <p>An authoring tool is conformant to CSS Backgrounds and Borders Level 3
   if it writes syntactically correct style sheets, according to the generic
   CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each property in this module.

  <h3 id=levels><span class=secno>8.3. </span>Levels</h3>

  <p><em>This section is informative.</em> CSS has different levels of
   features, each a subset of the other. (See <a href="#CSSBEIJING"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSSBEIJING]<!--{{CSSBEIJING}}--></a> for a full
   explanation.) The lists below describe which features from this
   specification are in each level.

  <h4 id=level-1><span class=secno>8.3.1. </span>CSS Level 1</h4>

  <ul>
   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-color"><code
    class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo;

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-image"><code
    class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo; only one image (no
    layers)

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
    class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo;: only &lsquo;<code
    class=property>repeat</code>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<code
    class=property>repeat-x</code>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<code
    class=property>repeat-y</code>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<code
    class=property>no-repeat</code>&rsquo;

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-attachment"><code
    class=property>background-attachment</code></a>&rsquo;: only &lsquo;<a
    href="#scroll0"><code class=property>scroll</code></a>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<a
    href="#fixed0"><code class=property>fixed</code></a>&rsquo;

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
    class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo;: only one or two
    values allowed

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background"><code
    class=property>background</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand: only color, image,
    repeat, attachment and position

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-color"><code
    class=property>border-color</code></a>&rsquo; properties

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-style"><code
    class=property>border-style</code></a>&rsquo; properties

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-width"><code
    class=property>border-width</code></a>&rsquo; properties

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-top"><code
    class=property>border-top</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-bottom"><code
    class=property>border-bottom</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-right"><code class=property>border-right</code></a>&rsquo;,
    &lsquo;<a href="#border-left"><code
    class=property>border-left</code></a>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<a
    href="#border"><code class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; shorthands
  </ul>

  <h4 id=level-2><span class=secno>8.3.2. </span>CSS Level 2</h4>

  <ul>
   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-color"><code
    class=property>background-color</code></a>&rsquo;

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-image"><code
    class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo;: only one image (no
    layers)

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
    class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo;: only &lsquo;<code
    class=property>repeat</code>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<code
    class=property>repeat-x</code>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<code
    class=property>repeat-y</code>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<code
    class=property>no-repeat</code>&rsquo;

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-attachment"><code
    class=property>background-attachment</code></a>&rsquo;: only &lsquo;<a
    href="#scroll0"><code class=property>scroll</code></a>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<a
    href="#fixed0"><code class=property>fixed</code></a>&rsquo;

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
    class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo;: only one or two
    values allowed

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background"><code
    class=property>background</code></a>&rsquo;: only color, image, repeat,
    attachment and position

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-color"><code
    class=property>border-color</code></a>&rsquo; properties

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-style"><code
    class=property>border-style</code></a>&rsquo; properties

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-width"><code
    class=property>border-width</code></a>&rsquo; properties

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-top"><code
    class=property>border-top</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-bottom"><code
    class=property>border-bottom</code></a>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<a
    href="#border-right"><code class=property>border-right</code></a>&rsquo;,
    &lsquo;<a href="#border-left"><code
    class=property>border-left</code></a>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<a
    href="#border"><code class=property>border</code></a>&rsquo; shorthands
  </ul>

  <h4 id=level-3><span class=secno>8.3.3. </span>CSS Level 3</h4>

  <ul>
   <li>All features described in the CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level
    3
  </ul>

  <h3 id=exit><span class=secno>8.4. </span>CR exit criteria</h3>

  <p>As described in the W3C process document, a <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#cfi">Candidate
   Recommendation</a> (CR) is a specification that W3C recommends for use on
   the Web. The next stage is “Recommendation,” when the specification is
   sufficiently implemented.

  <p>For this specification to be proposed as a W3C Recommendation, the
   following conditions shall be met. There must be at least two independent,
   interoperable implementations of each feature. Each feature may be
   implemented by a different set of products, there is no requirement that
   all features be implemented by a single product. For the purposes of this
   criterion, we define the following terms:

  <dl>
   <dt>independent

   <dd>each implementation must be developed by a different party and cannot
    share, reuse, or derive from code used by another qualifying
    implementation. Sections of code that have no bearing on the
    implementation of this specification are exempt from this requirement.

   <dt>interoperable

   <dd>passing the respective test case(s) in the official CSS test suite,
    or, if the implementation is not a Web browser, an equivalent test. Every
    relevant test in the test suite should have an equivalent test created if
    such a user agent (UA) is to be used to claim interoperability. In
    addition if such a UA is to be used to claim interoperability, then there
    must one or more additional UAs which can also pass those equivalent
    tests in the same way for the purpose of interoperability. The equivalent
    tests must be made publicly available for the purposes of peer review.

   <dt>implementation

   <dd>a user agent which:
    <ol class=inline>
     <li>implements the specification.

     <li>is available to the general public. The implementation may be a
      shipping product or other publicly available version (i.e., beta
      version, preview release, or “nightly build”). Non-shipping product
      releases must have implemented the feature(s) for a period of at least
      one month in order to demonstrate stability.

     <li>is not experimental (i.e., a version specifically designed to pass
      the test suite and is not intended for normal usage going forward).
    </ol>
  </dl>

  <p>A minimum of three months of the CR period must have elapsed. This is to
   ensure that enough time is given for any remaining major errors to be
   caught.

  <p>Features will be dropped if two or more interoperable implementations
   are not found by the end of the CR period.

  <p>Features may/will also be dropped if adequate/sufficient (by judgment of
   CSS WG) tests have not been produced for those feature(s) by the end of
   the CR period.

  <h2 id=changes><span class=secno>9. </span>Changes Since the 17 December
   2009 Candidate Recommendation</h2>

  <p>The following changes were made to this specification since the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-css3-background-20091217/">17 December
   2009 Candidate Recommendation</a>:

  <ul>
   <li>Addition of &lsquo;<code class=css>content-box</code>&rsquo; value of
    &lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
    class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo;.

   <li>Change to the &lsquo;<a href="#background"><code
    class=property>background</code></a>&rsquo; shorthand syntax for
    &lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
    class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<a
    href="#background-origin"><code
    class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo;.

   <li>Removal of recommendation to use gradients for color transitions when
    &lsquo;<a href="#border-radius"><code
    class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo; produces a curve.

   <li>(Re)Addition of &lsquo;<a href="#box-shadow"><code
    class=css>box-shadow</code></a>&rsquo; property.

   <li>Various clarifications.
  </ul>

  <h2 id=acknowledgments><span class=secno>10. </span>Acknowledgments</h2>

  <p>Tapas Roy was editor of the Border Module, before it was merged with the
   Background Module.

  <p>Thanks to Ben Stucki for defining what happens with rounded corners if
   the two adjoining borders are of unequal thickness or one of them is zero;
   to Arjan Eising and Anne van Kesteren for the &lsquo;<a
   href="#border-radius"><code class=property>border-radius</code></a>&rsquo;
   syntax; to Zack Weinberg for the corner transition regions diagram.

  <p>A set of properties for border images was initially proposed by
   <em>fantasai.</em> The current simplification (one image cut into nine
   parts) is due to Ian Hickson. (Though the original idea seems to originate
   with some anonymous Microsoft engineers.)

  <p>Finally, special thanks go to Brad Kemper for his feedback and
   suggestions for many of the features in the draft, for drawing all the
   box-shadow examples, and for proposing some <a
   href="http://www.bradclicks.com/cssplay/border-image/Thinking_Outside_The_Box.html">radical
   changes</a> to the &lsquo;<a href="#border-image"><code
   class=property>border-image</code></a>&rsquo; property that solved a
   number of problems with the earlier definition.

  <h2 id=references><span class=secno>11. </span>References</h2>

  <h3 class=no-num id=normative-references>Normative references</h3>
  <!--begin-normative-->
  <!-- Sorted by label -->

  <dl class=bibliography>
   <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
    <!---->

   <dt id=CSS21>[CSS21]

   <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-CSS2-20090908"><cite>Cascading Style
    Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification.</cite></a> 8 September
    2009. W3C Candidate Recommendation. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-CSS2-20090908">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-CSS2-20090908</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=CSS3COLOR>[CSS3COLOR]

   <dd>Tantek &#199;elik; Chris Lilley; L. David Baron. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/PR-css3-color-20101028"><cite>CSS Color
    Module Level 3.</cite></a> 28 October 2010. W3C Proposed Recommendation.
    (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/PR-css3-color-20101028">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/PR-css3-color-20101028</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=HTML401>[HTML401]

   <dd>David Raggett; Ian Jacobs; Arnaud Le Hors. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224"><cite>HTML 4.01
    Specification.</cite></a> 24 December 1999. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224">http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=RFC2119>[RFC2119]

   <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key
    words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> Internet
    RFC 2119. URL: <a
    href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=XHTML11>[XHTML11]

   <dd>Murray Altheim; Shane McCarron. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531"><cite>XHTML&#8482;
    1.1 - Module-based XHTML.</cite></a> 31 May 2001. W3C Recommendation.
    URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531">http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->
  </dl>
  <!--end-normative-->

  <h3 class=no-num id=other-references>Other references</h3>
  <!--begin-informative-->
  <!-- Sorted by label -->

  <dl class=bibliography>
   <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
    <!---->

   <dt id=CSS1>[CSS1]

   <dd>H&#229;kon Wium Lie; Bert Bos. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS1-20080411"><cite>Cascading Style
    Sheets (CSS1) Level 1 Specification.</cite></a> 11 April 2008. W3C
    Recommendation. URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS1-20080411">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS1-20080411</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=CSSBEIJING>[CSSBEIJING]

   <dd>Elika J. Etemad. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css-beijing-20100727"><cite>Cascading
    Style Sheets (CSS) Snapshot 2007.</cite></a> 27 July 2010. W3C Working
    Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css-beijing-20100727">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css-beijing-20100727</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=WCAG20>[WCAG20]

   <dd>Michael Cooper; et al. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211"><cite>Web Content
    Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0.</cite></a> 11 December 2008. W3C
    Recommendation. URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=XML11>[XML11]

   <dd>Eve Maler; et al. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816"><cite>Extensible
    Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition).</cite></a> 16 August 2006.
    W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->
  </dl>
  <!--end-informative-->

  <h2 class=no-num id=property-index>Property index</h2>
  <!--begin-properties-->

  <table class=proptable>
   <thead>
    <tr>
     <th>Property

     <th>Values

     <th>Initial

     <th>Applies&nbsp;to

     <th>Inh.

     <th>Percentages

     <th>Media

   <tbody>
    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#background">background</a>

     <td>[ &lt;bg-layer&gt; , ]* &lt;final-bg-layer&gt;

     <td>see individual properties

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>see individual properties

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property
      href="#background-attachment">background-attachment</a>

     <td>&lt;attachment&gt; [ , &lt;attachment&gt; ]*

     <td>scroll

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#background-clip">background-clip</a>

     <td>&lt;box&gt; [ , &lt;box&gt; ]*

     <td>border-box

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#background-color">background-color</a>

     <td>&lt;color&gt;

     <td>transparent

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#background-image">background-image</a>

     <td>&lt;bg-image&gt; [ , &lt;bg-image&gt; ]*

     <td>none

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#background-origin">background-origin</a>

     <td>&lt;box&gt; [ , &lt;box&gt; ]*

     <td>padding-box

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property
      href="#background-position">background-position</a>

     <td>&lt;bg-position&gt; [ , &lt;bg-position&gt; ]*

     <td>0% 0%

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>refer to size of background positioning area minus size of
      background image; see text

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#background-repeat">background-repeat</a>

     <td>&lt;repeat-style&gt; [ , &lt;repeat-style&gt; ]*

     <td>repeat

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#background-size">background-size</a>

     <td>&lt;bg-size&gt; [ , &lt;bg-size&gt; ]*

     <td>auto

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>see text

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border">border</a>

     <td>&lt;border-width&gt; || &lt;border-style&gt; || &lt;color&gt;

     <td>See individual properties

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-color">border-color</a>

     <td>&lt;color&gt;{1,4}

     <td>(see individual properties)

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-image">border-image</a>

     <td>&lt;&lsquo;border-image-source&rsquo;&gt; ||
      &lt;&lsquo;border-image-slice&rsquo;&gt; [ /
      &lt;&lsquo;border-image-width&rsquo;&gt;? [ /
      &lt;&lsquo;border-image-outset&rsquo;&gt; ]? ]? ||
      &lt;&lsquo;border-image-repeat&rsquo;&gt;

     <td>See individual properties

     <td>See individual properties

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property
      href="#border-image-outset">border-image-outset</a>

     <td>[ &lt;length&gt; | &lt;number&gt; ]{1,4}

     <td>0

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when
      &lsquo;border-collapse&rsquo; is &lsquo;collapse&rsquo;

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property
      href="#border-image-repeat">border-image-repeat</a>

     <td>[ stretch | repeat | round ]{1,2}

     <td>stretch

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when
      &lsquo;border-collapse&rsquo; is &lsquo;collapse&rsquo;

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-image-slice">border-image-slice</a>

     <td>[&lt;number&gt; | &lt;percentage&gt;]{1,4} &amp;&amp; fill?

     <td>100%

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when
      &lsquo;border-collapse&rsquo; is &lsquo;collapse&rsquo;

     <td>no

     <td>refer to size of the border image

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property
      href="#border-image-source">border-image-source</a>

     <td>none | &lt;image&gt;

     <td>none

     <td>All elements, except internal table elements when
      &lsquo;border-collapse&rsquo; is &lsquo;collapse&rsquo;

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-image-width">border-image-width</a>

     <td>[ &lt;length&gt; | &lt;percentage&gt; | &lt;number&gt; | auto ]{1,4}

     <td>1

     <td>All elements, except table elements when
      &lsquo;border-collapse&rsquo; is &lsquo;collapse&rsquo;

     <td>no

     <td>Relative to width/height of the border image area

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-radius">border-radius</a>

     <td>[ &lt;length&gt; | &lt;percentage&gt; ]{1,4} [ / [ &lt;length&gt; |
      &lt;percentage&gt; ]{1,4} ]?

     <td>0

     <td>all elements, except table element when
      &lsquo;border-collapse&rsquo; is &lsquo;collapse&rsquo;

     <td>no

     <td>Refer to corresponding dimension of the border box.

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-style">border-style</a>

     <td>&lt;border-style&gt;{1,4}

     <td>(see individual properties)

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-top">border-top</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-right">border-right</a>, <a class=property
      href="#border-bottom">border-bottom</a>, <a class=property
      href="#border-left">border-left</a>

     <td>&lt;border-width&gt; || &lt;border-style&gt; || &lt;color&gt;

     <td>See individual properties

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-top-color">border-top-color </a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-right-color">border-right-color</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-bottom-color">border-bottom-color</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-left-color">border-left-color</a>

     <td>&lt;color&gt;

     <td>currentColor

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property
      href="#border-top-right-radius">border-top-right-radius</a>, <a
      class=property
      href="#border-bottom-right-radius">border-bottom-right-radius</a>, <a
      class=property
      href="#border-bottom-left-radius">border-bottom-left-radius</a>, <a
      class=property
      href="#border-top-left-radius">border-top-left-radius</a>

     <td>[ &lt;length&gt; | &lt;percentage&gt; ] [ &lt;length&gt; |
      &lt;percentage&gt; ]?

     <td>0

     <td>all elements (but see prose)

     <td>no

     <td>Refer to corresponding dimension of the border box.

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-top-style">border-top-style</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-right-style">border-right-style</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-bottom-style">border-bottom-style</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-left-style">border-left-style</a>

     <td>&lt;border-style&gt;

     <td>none

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-top-width">border-top-width</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-right-width">border-right-width</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-bottom-width">border-bottom-width</a>, <a
      class=property href="#border-left-width">border-left-width</a>

     <td>&lt;border-width&gt;

     <td>medium

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>width* of containing block

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#border-width">border-width</a>

     <td>&lt;border-width&gt;{1,4}

     <td>(see individual properties)

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>see individual properties

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property
      href="#box-decoration-break">box-decoration-break</a>

     <td>slice | clone

     <td>slice

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual

    <tr valign=baseline>
     <td><a class=property href="#box-shadow">box-shadow</a>

     <td>none | &lt;shadow&gt; [ , &lt;shadow&gt; ]*

     <td>none

     <td>all elements

     <td>no

     <td>N/A

     <td>visual
  </table>
  <!--end-properties-->

  <h2 class=no-num id=index>Index</h2>
  <!--begin-index-->

  <ul class=indexlist>
   <li><a href="#ltattachmentgt"><var>&lt;attachment&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltattachmentgt"
    title="&lt;attachment&gt;"><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li>authoring tool, <a href="#authoring-tool" title="authoring
    tool"><strong>8.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>auto</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-size"><code
      class=property>background-size</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a href="#auto"
      title="''auto'', 'background-size' value"><strong>3.9.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-width"><code
      class=property>border-image-width</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#auto0" title="''auto'', 'border-image-width'
      value"><strong>6.3.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>background, <a href="#background"
    title=background><strong>3.10.</strong></a>

   <li>background-attachment, <a href="#background-attachment"
    title=background-attachment><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li>background-clip, <a href="#background-clip"
    title=background-clip><strong>3.7.</strong></a>

   <li>background-color, <a href="#background-color"
    title=background-color><strong>3.2.</strong></a>

   <li>background-image, <a href="#background-image"
    title=background-image><strong>3.3.</strong></a>

   <li>background-origin, <a href="#background-origin"
    title=background-origin><strong>3.8.</strong></a>

   <li>background painting area, <a href="#background-painting-area"
    title="background painting area"><strong>3.7.</strong></a>, <a
    href="#background-painting-area0" title="background painting
    area">3.4.</a>, <a href="#background-painting-area1" title="background
    painting area">3.4.</a>, <a href="#background-painting-area2"
    title="background painting area">3.4.</a>, <a
    href="#background-painting-area3" title="background painting
    area">3.5.</a>, <a href="#background-painting-area4" title="background
    painting area">3.11.</a>

   <li>background-position, <a href="#background-position"
    title=background-position><strong>3.6.</strong></a>

   <li>background positioning area, <a href="#background-positioning-area"
    title="background positioning area"><strong>3.8.</strong></a>, <a
    href="#background-positioning-area." title="background positioning
    area.">3.4.</a>, <a href="#background-positioning-area.0"
    title="background positioning area.">3.9.</a>, <a
    href="#background-positioning-area0" title="background positioning
    area">3.4.</a>, <a href="#background-positioning-area1" title="background
    positioning area">3.6.</a>, <a href="#background-positioning-area2"
    title="background positioning area">7.1.</a>

   <li>background-repeat, <a href="#background-repeat"
    title=background-repeat><strong>3.4.</strong></a>

   <li>background-size, <a href="#background-size"
    title=background-size><strong>3.9.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltbg-imagegt"><var>&lt;bg-image&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltbg-imagegt" title="&lt;bg-image&gt;"><strong>3.3.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltbg-layergt"><var>&lt;bg-layer&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltbg-layergt" title="&lt;bg-layer&gt;"><strong>3.10.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltbg-positiongt"><var>&lt;bg-position&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltbg-positiongt"
    title="&lt;bg-position&gt;"><strong>3.6.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltbg-sizegt"><var>&lt;bg-size&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltbg-sizegt" title="&lt;bg-size&gt;"><strong>3.9.</strong></a>

   <li>border, <a href="#border" title=border><strong>4.4.</strong></a>

   <li>border-bottom, <a href="#border-bottom"
    title=border-bottom><strong>4.4.</strong></a>

   <li>border-bottom-color, <a href="#border-bottom-color"
    title=border-bottom-color><strong>4.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-bottom-left-radius, <a href="#border-bottom-left-radius"
    title=border-bottom-left-radius><strong>5.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-bottom-right-radius, <a href="#border-bottom-right-radius"
    title=border-bottom-right-radius><strong>5.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-bottom-style, <a href="#border-bottom-style"
    title=border-bottom-style><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>border-bottom-width, <a href="#border-bottom-width"
    title=border-bottom-width><strong>4.3.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>border-box</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
      class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#border-box" title="''border-box'', 'background-clip'
      value"><strong>3.7.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-origin"><code
      class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#border-box0" title="''border-box'', 'background-origin'
      value"><strong>3.8.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>border-color, <a href="#border-color"
    title=border-color><strong>4.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-image, <a href="#border-image"
    title=border-image><strong>6.7.</strong></a>

   <li>border image area, <a href="#border-image-area" title="border image
    area"><strong>6.4.</strong></a>

   <li>border-image-outset, <a href="#border-image-outset"
    title=border-image-outset><strong>6.4.</strong></a>

   <li>border-image-repeat, <a href="#border-image-repeat"
    title=border-image-repeat><strong>6.5.</strong></a>

   <li>border-image-slice, <a href="#border-image-slice"
    title=border-image-slice><strong>6.2.</strong></a>

   <li>border-image-source, <a href="#border-image-source"
    title=border-image-source><strong>6.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-image-width, <a href="#border-image-width"
    title=border-image-width><strong>6.3.</strong></a>

   <li>border-left, <a href="#border-left"
    title=border-left><strong>4.4.</strong></a>

   <li>border-left-color, <a href="#border-left-color"
    title=border-left-color><strong>4.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-left-style, <a href="#border-left-style"
    title=border-left-style><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>border-left-width, <a href="#border-left-width"
    title=border-left-width><strong>4.3.</strong></a>

   <li>border-radius, <a href="#border-radius"
    title=border-radius><strong>5.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-right, <a href="#border-right"
    title=border-right><strong>4.4.</strong></a>

   <li>border-right-color, <a href="#border-right-color"
    title=border-right-color><strong>4.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-right-style, <a href="#border-right-style"
    title=border-right-style><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>border-right-width, <a href="#border-right-width"
    title=border-right-width><strong>4.3.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltborder-stylegt"><var>&lt;border-style&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltborder-stylegt"
    title="&lt;border-style&gt;"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>border-style, <a href="#border-style"
    title=border-style><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>border-top, <a href="#border-top"
    title=border-top><strong>4.4.</strong></a>

   <li>border-top-color, <a href="#border-top-color"
    title=border-top-color><strong>4.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-top-left-radius, <a href="#border-top-left-radius"
    title=border-top-left-radius><strong>5.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-top-right-radius, <a href="#border-top-right-radius"
    title=border-top-right-radius><strong>5.1.</strong></a>

   <li>border-top-style, <a href="#border-top-style"
    title=border-top-style><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>border-top-width, <a href="#border-top-width"
    title=border-top-width><strong>4.3.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltborder-widthgt"><var>&lt;border-width&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltborder-widthgt"
    title="&lt;border-width&gt;"><strong>4.3.</strong></a>

   <li>border-width, <a href="#border-width"
    title=border-width><strong>4.3.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>bottom</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
      class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#bottom" title="''bottom'', 'background-position'
      value"><strong>3.6.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#ltboxgt"><var>&lt;box&gt;</var></a>, <a href="#ltboxgt"
    title="&lt;box&gt;"><strong>3.7.</strong></a>

   <li>box-decoration-break, <a href="#box-decoration-break"
    title=box-decoration-break><strong>7.1.</strong></a>

   <li>box-shadow, <a href="#box-shadow"
    title=box-shadow><strong>7.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>center</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
      class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#center" title="''center'', 'background-position'
      value"><strong>3.6.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>clone</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#clone"
    title="''clone''"><strong>7.1.</strong></a>

   <li>color
    <ul>
     <li>background, <a href="#background-color0" title="color,
      background">3.2.</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#ltcolorgt"><var>&lt;color&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltcolorgt" title="&lt;color&gt;"><strong>2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>contain</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#contain"
    title="''contain''"><strong>3.9.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>content-box</code>&rsquo;, <a
    href="#content-box0" title="''content-box''"><strong>3.8.</strong></a>
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
      class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#content-box" title="''content-box'', 'background-clip'
      value"><strong>3.7.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>cover</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#cover"
    title="''cover''"><strong>3.9.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>dashed</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#dashed"
    title="''dashed''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>document, <a href="#document" title=document><strong>8.1.</strong></a>
    

   <li>documents, <a href="#document"
    title=documents><strong>8.1.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>dotted</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#dotted"
    title="''dotted''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>double</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#double"
    title="''double''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>fill</code>&rsquo;, <a
    href="#border-image-slice-fill"
    title="''fill''"><strong>6.2.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltfinal-bg-layergt"><var>&lt;final-bg-layer&gt;</var></a>,
    <a href="#ltfinal-bg-layergt"
    title="&lt;final-bg-layer&gt;"><strong>3.10.</strong></a>

   <li>fixed, <a href="#fixed0" title=fixed><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#fixed0"><code class=css>fixed</code></a>&rsquo;, <a
    href="#fixed" title="''fixed''"><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>groove</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#groove"
    title="''groove''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>hidden</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#hidden"
    title="''hidden''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltimagegt"><var>&lt;image&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltimagegt" title="&lt;image&gt;"><strong>2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>inset</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#inset"
    title="''inset''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>layers, <a href="#layers" title=layers>3.1.</a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>left</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
      class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#left" title="''left'', 'background-position'
      value"><strong>3.6.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>local, <a href="#local0" title=local><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#local0"><code class=css>local</code></a>&rsquo;, <a
    href="#local" title="''local''"><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>none</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-image"><code
      class=property>background-image</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#none" title="''none'', 'background-image'
      value"><strong>3.3.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-source"><code
      class=property>border-image-source</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#none1" title="''none'', 'border-image-source'
      value"><strong>6.1.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-style"><code
      class=property>border-style</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a href="#none0"
      title="''none'', 'border-style' value"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>no-repeat</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
      class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#no-repeat" title="''no-repeat'', 'background-repeat'
      value"><strong>3.4.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>outset</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#outset"
    title="''outset''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>padding-box</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-clip"><code
      class=property>background-clip</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#padding-box" title="''padding-box'', 'background-clip'
      value"><strong>3.7.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-origin"><code
      class=property>background-origin</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#padding-box0" title="''padding-box'', 'background-origin'
      value"><strong>3.8.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>renderer, <a href="#renderer" title=renderer><strong>8.2.</strong></a>
    

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
      class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#repeat" title="''repeat'', 'background-repeat'
      value"><strong>3.4.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-repeat"><code
      class=property>border-image-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#repeat0" title="''repeat'', 'border-image-repeat'
      value"><strong>6.5.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"><var>&lt;repeat-style&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltrepeat-stylegt"
    title="&lt;repeat-style&gt;"><strong>3.4.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat-x</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#repeat-x"
    title="''repeat-x''"><strong>3.4.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>repeat-y</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#repeat-y"
    title="''repeat-y''"><strong>3.4.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>ridge</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#ridge"
    title="''ridge''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>right</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
      class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#right" title="''right'', 'background-position'
      value"><strong>3.6.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>round</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
      class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#round" title="''round'', 'background-repeat'
      value"><strong>3.4.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-repeat"><code
      class=property>border-image-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#round0" title="''round'', 'border-image-repeat'
      value"><strong>6.5.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>scroll, <a href="#scroll0" title=scroll><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<a href="#scroll0"><code class=css>scroll</code></a>&rsquo;, <a
    href="#scroll" title="''scroll''"><strong>3.5.</strong></a>

   <li><a href="#ltshadowgt"><var>&lt;shadow&gt;</var></a>, <a
    href="#ltshadowgt" title="&lt;shadow&gt;"><strong>7.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>slice</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#slice"
    title="''slice''"><strong>7.1.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>solid</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#solid"
    title="''solid''"><strong>4.2.</strong></a>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>space</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-repeat"><code
      class=property>background-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#space" title="''space'', 'background-repeat'
      value"><strong>3.4.</strong></a>

     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#border-image-repeat"><code
      class=property>border-image-repeat</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#space0" title="''space'', 'border-image-repeat'
      value"><strong>6.5.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>stretch</code>&rsquo;, <a href="#stretch"
    title="''stretch''"><strong>6.5.</strong></a>

   <li>style sheet, <a href="#style-sheet" title="style
    sheet"><strong>8.1.</strong></a>
    <ul>
     <li>as conformance class, <a href="#style-sheet0" title="style sheet, as
      conformance class"><strong>8.2.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>&lsquo;<code class=css>top</code>&rsquo;
    <ul>
     <li>&lsquo;<a href="#background-position"><code
      class=property>background-position</code></a>&rsquo; value, <a
      href="#top" title="''top'', 'background-position'
      value"><strong>3.6.</strong></a>
    </ul>

   <li>UA, <a href="#ua" title=UA><strong>8.1.</strong></a>

   <li>User Agent, <a href="#user-agent" title="User
    Agent"><strong>8.1.</strong></a>

   <li>viewport, <a href="#viewport" title=viewport>3.5.</a>
  </ul>
  <!--end-index-->
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