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<h1 class="notoc"><a id="title" name="title">User Agent Accessibility
Guidelines 1.0</a></h1>
<h2 class="notoc"><a id="date" name="date">W3C Recommendation 17 December
2002</a></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-UAAG10-20021217/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-UAAG10-20021217/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/UAAG10/">http://www.w3.org/TR/UAAG10/</a></dd>
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<dt>Previous version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/PR-UAAG10-20021016/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/PR-UAAG10-20021016/</a></dd></dl>
<dl>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
<dd>Ian Jacobs, <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a><br />
 Jon Gunderson, <a href="http://www.uiuc.edu/">University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign</a><br />
 Eric Hansen, <a href="http://www.ets.org/">Educational Testing
Service</a></dd>
<dt>Authors and Contributors:</dt>
<dd>See <a href="acks.html#Acknowledgments">acknowledgements</a>.</dd></dl>
<p>Please refer to the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-errata"><strong>errata</strong></a> for
this document, which may include some normative corrections.</p>
<p class="nolocal">This document is also available in these non-normative
packages: <a href="uaag10.html">single HTML</a> [427K]
(<a href="uaag10.html.gz">gzipped</a> [88K]), <a href="uaag10.tgz">gzip tar
file of <acronym title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</acronym></a> [215K],
and <a href="uaag10.zip">zip archive of HTML</a> [226K].</p>
<p>See also
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-translations"><strong>translations</strong></a>
of this document.</p>
<p class="copyright"><a rel="copyright"
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#Copyright">Copyright</a>
© 1999 - 2002
<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>
®</sup>
(<a href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.inria.fr/"><abbr xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"
title="Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique">INRIA</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C
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liability</a>,
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use</a> and
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licensing</a> rules apply.</p>
<hr title="Separator from Header" /></div>
<h2 class="nonb"><a name="abstract" id="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>
<p>This document provides guidelines for designing <a class="dfn-instance"
href="glossary.html#def-user-agent" rel="glossary"
title="Definition of User agent">user agents</a> that lower barriers to Web
accessibility for people with disabilities (visual, hearing, physical,
cognitive, and neurological). User agents include HTML browsers and other types
of software that retrieve and render <a class="dfn-instance"
href="glossary.html#def-content" rel="glossary"
title="Definition of Content">Web content</a>. A user agent that
<a href="conformance.html#Conformance">conforms</a> to these guidelines will
promote accessibility through its own user interface and through other internal
facilities, including its ability to communicate with other technologies
(especially <a class="dfn-instance"
href="glossary.html#def-assistive-technology" rel="glossary"
title="Definition of Assistive technology">assistive technologies</a>).
Furthermore, all users, not just users with disabilities, should find
conforming user agents to be more usable.</p>
<p>In addition to helping developers of HTML browsers and media players, this
document will also benefit developers of assistive technologies because it
explains what types of information and control an assistive technology may
expect from a conforming user agent. Technologies not addressed directly by
this document (e.g., technologies for braille rendering) will be essential to
ensuring Web access for some users with disabilities.</p>
<h2 class="nonb"><a name="status" id="status">Status of this document</a></h2>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its
publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status of
this document series is maintained at the W3C.</em></p>
<p>This is the 17 December 2002 Recommendation of "User Agent Accessibility
Guidelines 1.0." This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, the disability
community, software developers, and other W3C groups and interested parties,
and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative
reference from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to
draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment.
This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.</p>
<p>This document was produced by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/">User
Agent Accessibility Guidelines Working Group</a> (<acronym>UAWG</acronym>). The
goals of the UAWG are described in
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/charter-20011218">UAWG charter</a>. The
complete <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/wai-ua-wd-changes">list of
changes</a> to this document is available on the Web.</p>
<p>The UAWG also provides additional resources to support this document (e.g.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/10/uaag10-faq/">Frequently Asked Questions
(FAQ) about UAAG 1.0</a>, implementation reports, and test suites). Please
consult the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/">UAWG</a> home page for more
information.</p>
<p>Patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be found on the
Working Group's <a href="/WAI/UA/disclosures">patent disclosure page</a> in
conformance with W3C policy.</p>
<p>The list of <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-errata">errata</a> for
this document is available at http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-errata. Please
report errors in this document to
<a href="mailto:wai-uaag-editor@w3.org">wai-uaag-editor@w3.org</a>.</p>
<p>Please send other comments about this document to the public mailing list
<a href="mailto:w3c-wai-ua@w3.org">w3c-wai-ua@w3.org</a>;
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-wai-ua/">public archives</a>
are available.</p>
<p>The English version of this document is the authoritative version.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-translations">Translations</a> into
other languages may be available at
http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-translations.</p>
<p>This document is part of a series of accessibility documents published by
the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/">Web Accessibility Initiative
(<acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</acronym>)</a> of the World
Wide Web Consortium
(<acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">W3C</acronym>). WAI
Accessibility Guidelines are produced as part of the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/Technical/Activity">WAI Technical
Activity</a>.</p>
<p>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">list of current W3C Recommendations and
other technical documents</a> can be found at the W3C Web site.</p>
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<div class="toc"><map name="toc-map" title="Table of Contents" id="toc-map">
<div>
<h2 class="notoc"><a name="toc" id="toc">Table of contents</a></h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2"><a href="cover.html#abstract" name="toc-abstract"
class="tocxref" id="toc-abstract">Abstract</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="cover.html#status" name="toc-status"
class="tocxref" id="toc-status">Status of this document</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="intro.html#introduction" name="toc-introduction"
class="tocxref" id="toc-introduction">1. Introduction</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="intro.html#context" name="toc-context"
class="tocxref" id="toc-context">1.1 Relation to WAI accessibility
guidelines</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="intro.html#target" name="toc-target"
class="tocxref" id="toc-target">1.2 Target user agents</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="intro.html#limitations" name="toc-limitations"
class="tocxref" id="toc-limitations">1.3 Known limitations of this
document</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="intro.html#general-design"
name="toc-general-design" class="tocxref" id="toc-general-design">1.4 Relation
to general software design guidelines and other specifications</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="intro.html#security-considerations"
name="toc-security-considerations" class="tocxref"
id="toc-security-considerations">1.5 Security considerations</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="intro.html#user-control" name="toc-user-control"
class="tocxref" id="toc-user-control">1.6 User control</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="guidelines.html#Guidelines" name="toc-Guidelines"
class="tocxref" id="toc-Guidelines">2. The user agent accessibility
guidelines</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-device-independence"
name="toc-gl-device-independence" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-device-independence">1. Support input and output
device-independence</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-content-access"
name="toc-gl-content-access" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-content-access">2.
Ensure user access to all content</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-feature-on-off"
name="toc-gl-feature-on-off" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-feature-on-off">3.
Allow configuration not to render some content that may reduce
accessibility</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-user-control-styles"
name="toc-gl-user-control-styles" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-user-control-styles">4. Ensure user control of rendering</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-user-control-ui"
name="toc-gl-user-control-ui" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-user-control-ui">5.
Ensure user control of user interface behavior</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-accessible-interface"
name="toc-gl-accessible-interface" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-accessible-interface">6. Implement interoperable application
programming interfaces</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-conventions"
name="toc-gl-conventions" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-conventions">7. Observe
operating environment conventions</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-implement-access-features"
name="toc-gl-implement-access-features" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-implement-access-features">8. Implement specifications that benefit
accessibility</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-navigation"
name="toc-gl-navigation" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-navigation">9. Provide
navigation mechanisms</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-orientation"
name="toc-gl-orientation" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-orientation">10. Orient
the user</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-configuration"
name="toc-gl-configuration" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-configuration">11. Allow
configuration and customization</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-documentation"
name="toc-gl-documentation" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-documentation">12.
Provide accessible user agent documentation and help</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="conformance.html#Conformance"
name="toc-Conformance" class="tocxref" id="toc-Conformance">3. Conformance</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="conformance.html#conformance-profiles"
name="toc-conformance-profiles" class="tocxref"
id="toc-conformance-profiles">3.1 Conformance profiles</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="conformance.html#conformance-claims"
name="toc-conformance-claims" class="tocxref" id="toc-conformance-claims">3.2
Conformance claims</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="conformance.html#include-uaag-reqs"
name="toc-include-uaag-reqs" class="tocxref" id="toc-include-uaag-reqs">3.3
UAAG 1.0 requirements in other specifications</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="glossary.html#terms" name="toc-terms"
class="tocxref" id="toc-terms">4. Glossary</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="references.html#References" name="toc-References"
class="tocxref" id="toc-References">5. References</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="references.html#this-doc-ref"
name="toc-this-doc-ref" class="tocxref" id="toc-this-doc-ref">5.1 How to refer
to this document</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="references.html#Normative-ref"
name="toc-Normative-ref" class="tocxref" id="toc-Normative-ref">5.2 Normative
references</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="references.html#Informative-ref"
name="toc-Informative-ref" class="tocxref" id="toc-Informative-ref">5.3
Informative references</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="acks.html#Acknowledgments"
name="toc-Acknowledgments" class="tocxref" id="toc-Acknowledgments">6.
Acknowledgments</a></li></ul>
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