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<h1 class="notoc"><a id="title" name="title">Techniques for User Agent
Accessibility Guidelines 1.0</a></h1>
<h2 class="notoc"><a id="date" name="date">W3C Note 17 December 2002</a></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-UAAG10-TECHS-20021217/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-UAAG10-TECHS-20021217/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest version:</dt>
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<dl>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
<dd>Ian Jacobs, <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a><br />
Jon Gunderson, <a href="http://www.uiuc.edu/">University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign</a><br />
Eric Hansen, <a href="http://www.ets.org/">Educational Testing
Service</a></dd>
<dt>Authors and Contributors:</dt>
<dd>See <a href="acks.html#Acknowledgments">acknowledgements</a>.</dd></dl>
<p>Please refer to the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-errata"><strong>errata</strong></a> for
this document, which may include some normative corrections.</p>
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<p>See also
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of this document.</p>
<p class="copyright"><a rel="copyright"
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#Copyright">Copyright</a>
© 1999 - 2002
<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>
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(<a href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
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title="Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique">INRIA</abbr></a>,
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<h2 class="nonb"><a name="abstract" id="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>
<p>This document provides techniques for satisfying the checkpoints defined in
"User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0"
<cite><a href="references.html#ref-UAAG10"
title="Link to reference UAAG10">[UAAG10]</a></cite>. These techniques address
key aspects of the accessibility of user interfaces, content rendering,
application programming interfaces (<acronym>APIs</acronym>), and languages
such as the Hypertext Markup Language
(<acronym title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</acronym>), Cascading Style
Sheets (<acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym>) and the
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
(<acronym title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</acronym>).</p>
<p>The techniques listed in this document are not required for conformance to
the Guidelines. These techniques are not necessarily the only way of satisfying
the checkpoint, nor are they a definitive set of requirements for satisfying a
checkpoint.</p>
<h2 class="nonb"><a name="status" id="status">Status of this document</a></h2>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its
publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status of
this document series is maintained at the W3C.</em></p>
<p>This is the 17 December 2002 Note of "Techniques for User Agent
Accessibility Guidelines 1.0." It is a draft document and may be updated,
replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to
use this document as reference material or to cite it as other than "work in
progress." Though this document has been endorsed by the User Agent
Accessibility Guidelines Working Group, it has not been endorsed by the W3C
Membership.</p>
<p>While User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 strives to be a stable
document (as a W3C Recommendation), the current document is expected to evolve
as technologies change and software developers discover more effective
techniques for designing accessible user agents.</p>
<p>This document was produced by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/">User
Agent Accessibility Guidelines Working Group</a> (<acronym>UAWG</acronym>). The
goals of the UAWG are described in
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/charter-20011218">UAWG charter</a>. The
complete <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/wai-ua-wd-changes">list of
changes</a> to this document is available on the Web.</p>
<p>The UAWG also provides additional resources to support this document (e.g.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/10/uaag10-faq/">Frequently Asked Questions
(FAQ) about UAAG 1.0</a>, implementation reports, and test suites). Please
consult the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/">UAWG</a> home page for more
information.</p>
<p>Patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be found on the
Working Group's <a href="/WAI/UA/disclosures">patent disclosure page</a> in
conformance with W3C policy.</p>
<p>The list of <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-errata">errata</a> for
this document is available at http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-errata. Please
report errors in this document to
<a href="mailto:wai-uaag-editor@w3.org">wai-uaag-editor@w3.org</a>.</p>
<p>Please send other comments about this document to the public mailing list
<a href="mailto:w3c-wai-ua@w3.org">w3c-wai-ua@w3.org</a>;
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-wai-ua/">public archives</a>
are available.</p>
<p>The English version of this document is the authoritative version.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-translations">Translations</a> into
other languages may be available at
http://www.w3.org/WAI/UA/UAAG-translations.</p>
<p>This document is part of a series of accessibility documents published by
the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/">Web Accessibility Initiative
(<acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</acronym>)</a> of the World
Wide Web Consortium
(<acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">W3C</acronym>). WAI
Accessibility Guidelines are produced as part of the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/Technical/Activity">WAI Technical
Activity</a>.</p>
<p>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">list of current W3C Recommendations and
other technical documents</a> can be found at the W3C Web site.</p>
<!--NewPage-->
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<div class="toc"><map name="toc-map" title="Table of Contents" id="toc-map">
<div>
<h2 class="notoc"><a name="toc" id="toc">Table of contents</a></h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2"><a href="cover.html#abstract" name="toc-abstract"
class="tocxref" id="toc-abstract">Abstract</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="cover.html#status" name="toc-status"
class="tocxref" id="toc-status">Status of this document</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="intro.html#introduction" name="toc-introduction"
class="tocxref" id="toc-introduction">1 Introduction</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="guidelines.html#Guidelines" name="toc-Guidelines"
class="tocxref" id="toc-Guidelines">2 The user agent accessibility
guidelines</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-device-independence"
name="toc-gl-device-independence" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-device-independence">1. Support input and output
device-independence</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-content-access"
name="toc-gl-content-access" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-content-access">2.
Ensure user access to all content</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-feature-on-off"
name="toc-gl-feature-on-off" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-feature-on-off">3.
Allow configuration not to render some content that may reduce
accessibility</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-user-control-styles"
name="toc-gl-user-control-styles" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-user-control-styles">4. Ensure user control of rendering</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-user-control-ui"
name="toc-gl-user-control-ui" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-user-control-ui">5.
Ensure user control of user interface behavior</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-accessible-interface"
name="toc-gl-accessible-interface" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-accessible-interface">6. Implement interoperable application
programming interfaces</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-conventions"
name="toc-gl-conventions" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-conventions">7. Observe
operating environment conventions</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-implement-access-features"
name="toc-gl-implement-access-features" class="tocxref"
id="toc-gl-implement-access-features">8. Implement specifications that benefit
accessibility</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-navigation"
name="toc-gl-navigation" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-navigation">9. Provide
navigation mechanisms</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-orientation"
name="toc-gl-orientation" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-orientation">10. Orient
the user</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-configuration"
name="toc-gl-configuration" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-configuration">11. Allow
configuration and customization</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="guidelines.html#gl-documentation"
name="toc-gl-documentation" class="tocxref" id="toc-gl-documentation">12.
Provide accessible user agent documentation and help</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="topics.html#accessibility-topics"
name="toc-accessibility-topics" class="tocxref" id="toc-accessibility-topics">3
Accessibility topics</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#content-access"
name="toc-content-access" class="tocxref" id="toc-content-access">3.1 Access to
content</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#ua-style" name="toc-ua-style"
class="tocxref" id="toc-ua-style">3.2 User control of rendering and
style</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#link-techniques"
name="toc-link-techniques" class="tocxref" id="toc-link-techniques">3.3 Link
techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#list-techniques"
name="toc-list-techniques" class="tocxref" id="toc-list-techniques">3.4 List
techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#table-techniques"
name="toc-table-techniques" class="tocxref" id="toc-table-techniques">3.5 Table
techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#image-map-techniques"
name="toc-image-map-techniques" class="tocxref"
id="toc-image-map-techniques">3.6 Image map techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#frame-techniques"
name="toc-frame-techniques" class="tocxref" id="toc-frame-techniques">3.7 Frame
techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#form-techniques"
name="toc-form-techniques" class="tocxref" id="toc-form-techniques">3.8 Form
techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#generate-techniques"
name="toc-generate-techniques" class="tocxref" id="toc-generate-techniques">3.9
Generated content techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#repair-techniques"
name="toc-repair-techniques" class="tocxref" id="toc-repair-techniques">3.10
Content repair techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#scripts-applets"
name="toc-scripts-applets" class="tocxref" id="toc-scripts-applets">3.11 Script
and applet techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#input-config-techniques"
name="toc-input-config-techniques" class="tocxref"
id="toc-input-config-techniques">3.12 Input configuration techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#synthesized-speech"
name="toc-synthesized-speech" class="tocxref" id="toc-synthesized-speech">3.13
Synthesized speech techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#spatial" name="toc-spatial"
class="tocxref" id="toc-spatial">3.14 Techniques for reducing dependency on
spatial interactions</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#international"
name="toc-international" class="tocxref" id="toc-international">3.15
Accessibility and internationalization techniques</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#impact" name="toc-impact"
class="tocxref" id="toc-impact">3.16 Appendix: Impact matrix</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#os-accessibility"
name="toc-os-accessibility" class="tocxref" id="toc-os-accessibility">3.17
Appendix: Accessibility features of some operating systems</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="topics.html#loading-at" name="toc-loading-at"
class="tocxref" id="toc-loading-at">3.18 Appendix: Loading assistive
technologies for access to the document object model</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="glossary.html#terms" name="toc-terms"
class="tocxref" id="toc-terms">4 Glossary</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="references.html#References" name="toc-References"
class="tocxref" id="toc-References">5 References</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="references.html#this-doc-ref"
name="toc-this-doc-ref" class="tocxref" id="toc-this-doc-ref">5.1 How to refer
to this document</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="references.html#Normative-ref"
name="toc-Normative-ref" class="tocxref" id="toc-Normative-ref">5.2 Normative
references</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="references.html#Informative-ref"
name="toc-Informative-ref" class="tocxref" id="toc-Informative-ref">5.3
Informative references</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="resources.html#Resources" name="toc-Resources"
class="tocxref" id="toc-Resources">6 Resources</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="resources.html#OSResources"
name="toc-OSResources" class="tocxref" id="toc-OSResources">6.1 Operating
system and programming guidelines</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="resources.html#ToolResources"
name="toc-ToolResources" class="tocxref" id="toc-ToolResources">6.2 User agents
and other tools</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="resources.html#AccessResources"
name="toc-AccessResources" class="tocxref" id="toc-AccessResources">6.3
Accessibility resources</a></li>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="resources.html#StdsResources"
name="toc-StdsResources" class="tocxref" id="toc-StdsResources">6.4 Standards
resources</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="acks.html#Acknowledgments"
name="toc-Acknowledgments" class="tocxref" id="toc-Acknowledgments">7
Acknowledgments</a></li></ul>
<div class="noprint">
<p><strong>Note:</strong> With a user agent that implements HTML 4
<cite><a href="references.html#ref-HTML4"
title="Link to reference HTML4">[HTML4]</a></cite> access keys, readers may
navigate directly to the table of contents via the "c" character. Users may
have to use additional keyboard strokes depending on their operating
environment.</p></div></div></map></div>
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