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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<title>Techniques for Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0</title>
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<p>[ <a href="#Brief" accesskey="c">contents of this page</a> ] [ <a
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<h1 class="notoc"><a name="title" id="title">Techniques for Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0</a></h1>
<h2 class="notoc"><a name="date" id="date">W3C Note 29 October 2002</a></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-ATAG10-TECHS-20021029/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-ATAG10-TECHS-20021029/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest version:</dt>
<dd><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ATAG10-TECHS/">http://www.w3.org/TR/ATAG10-TECHS/</a></dd>
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-ATAG10-TECHS-20000504/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-ATAG10-TECHS-20000504/</a></dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
<dd>Jutta Treviranus - <abbr
title="Adaptive Technology Research Center">ATRC</abbr>, University of
Toronto</dd>
<dd>Charles McCathieNevile - <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
title="the World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a></dd>
<dd>Jan Richards - University of Toronto</dd>
<dd>Gregory Rosmaita</dd>
</dl>
<p class="copyright"><a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#Copyright">Copyright</a>
©1999 - 2002 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><abbr
title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a
href="http://www.inria.fr/"><abbr xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"
title="Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique">INRIA</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
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licensing</a> rules apply.</p>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 class="nonb"><a name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>
<p>This document provides information to authoring tool developers who wish to satisfy the checkpoints of "Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0" <a href="refs#ref-ATAG10" title="Link to reference ATAG10">[ATAG10]</a>. It includes suggested techniques, sample strategies in deployed tools, and references to other accessibility resources (such as platform-specific software accessibility guidelines) that provide additional information on how a tool may satisfy each checkpoint.</p>
<p>This document is part of a series of accessibility documents published by
the <abbr title="the World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/">Web Accessibility Initiative</a>
(<abbr>WAI</abbr>).</p>
<h2 class="nonb" id="status"><a name="Status">Status of this document</a></h2>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its
publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status
of this document series is maintained at the <abbr
title="the World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>.</em></p>
<p>This document is published as an informative appendix to
the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ATAG10/">Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines</a>.
The document represents an attempt to make it clearer how to use the
techniques for different types of tools.
</p>
</div>
<p>For further information about Working Group decisions, please consult the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/AU/meetings/minutes.html">minutes of <abbr
title="Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines Working Group">AUWG</abbr>
Meetings</a>.</p>
<p>This document has been produced by the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/AU/">Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines
Working Group (<abbr
title="Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines Working Group">AUWG</abbr>)</a>
as part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/">Web Accessibility Initiative
(<abbr title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</abbr>)</a>. The goals of the
Working Group are discussed in the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/AU/charter.html">AUWG charter</a>. The AUWG is part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/Technical/Activity">WAI Technical Activity</a>.</p>
<p>Please send comments about this document to the public mailing list: <a
href="mailto:w3c-wai-au@w3.org">w3c-wai-au@w3.org</a> (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-wai-au/">public archives</a>).
</p>
<p>A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents
including Working Drafts and Notes can be found at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">http://www.w3.org/TR/</a>.</p>
<div class="toc" id="toc">
<h2 class="notoc"><a name="Brief">Table of Contents</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Status">Status of this document</a></li>
<li>Brief contents</li>
<li><a href="#Introducti">Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Organised">How this document is organized</a></li>
<li><a href="#Applicability">Applicability of techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="#Authoring">Authoring tool categories</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong><a href="#Implementa">Implementation techniques by guideline
and checkpoint</a></strong>
<ul><li><a href="#Full">Full Table of Contents</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="refs">References</a></li>
<li><a href="appa.html">Appendix A: Techniques for user prompting</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<hr />
<h2><a name="Introducti" id="Introducti">Introduction</a></h2>
<h3><a name="Organised" id="Organised">How this document is organized</a></h3>
<p>This document has been divided into a multi-part hypertext document to
keep individual pages to a manageable size. There are publishing conventions
used to identify various features and parts of the document. Some of these
will be used to provide multiple views of the techniques - for example
implementation techniques for a particular kind of tool, or references for
particular techniques. Other conventions are used to ensure that this
document is compatible with ATAG version 1.0 or will be compatible with ATAG
wombat with a minimum of difficulty or change.</p>
<h3><a name="Applicability" id="Applicability">Applicability of
techniques</a></h3>
<p><strong>Note on applicability of techniques:</strong> The following
techniques are applicable to all kinds of authoring tools, including those
that are insertable components of other authoring tools. For example, if an
authoring tool for designing on-line courses (courseware) has a prefabricated
chat facility that the instructor can drag on to their page, this component
must comply with all the techniques for accessible output (guidelines 1-6)
and accessible user interface (guideline 7).</p>
<h3><a name="Authoring" id="Authoring">Authoring tool categories</a></h3>
<p>Note: Many checkpoints may not apply to a given category of authoring tool (e.g., markup tools, but not multimedia tools). Each section contains a link to a version with icons representing relevant tool categories for each checkpoint. These versions can be viewed by selecting the "turn on icons" link found at the top of each section.</p>
<h2><a name="Implementa" id="Implementa"></a>Implementation techniques by
guideline and checkpoint</h2>
<a name="Full" id="Full"></a>
<ol>
<li><a href="imp1">Support accessible authoring practices:</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-support-access-features"
id="check-support-access-features"></a></span><span
class="noprint"><a
href="imp1#check-support-access-features">Techniques for checkpoint
1.1</a></span>: Ensure that the author can produce <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-Accessible">accessible content</a> in the <a
rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-Markup-Language">markup
language(s)</a> supported by the tool. <span
class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-leave-access-content"
id="check-leave-access-content"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp1#check-leave-access-content">Techniques for checkpoint
1.2</a></span>: Ensure that the tool preserves all <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-Access-info">accessibility information</a> during
authoring, <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-Transformation">transformations</a>, and <a
rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-conversion-tool">conversions</a>.
<span class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-generate-access-markup"
id="check-generate-access-markup"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp1#check-generate-access-markup">Techniques for checkpoint
1.3</a></span>: Ensure that when the tool automatically generates
markup it conforms to the <abbr
title="the World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>'s Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 <a href="refs#ref-WCAG10"
title="Link to reference WCAG10">[WCAG10]</a>. <span
class="priorityR">[Relative Priority]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-use-accessible-templates"
id="check-use-accessible-templates"></a></span><span
class="noprint"><a
href="imp1#check-use-accessible-templates">Techniques for checkpoint
1.4</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span>Ensure that templates
provided by the tool conform to the Web Content Accessibility
Guidelines 1.0 <a href="refs#ref-WCAG10"
title="Link to reference WCAG10">[WCAG10]</a>. <span
class="priorityR">[Relative Priority]</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="imp2">Generate standard markup:</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="noprint"><a name="check-prefer-w3c"
id="check-prefer-w3c"></a><a href="imp2#check-prefer-w3c">Techniques
for checkpoint 2.1</a></span>: Use the latest versions of <abbr
title="the World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendations when
they are available and appropriate for a task. <span
class="priority2">[Priority 2]</span>.</li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-ensure-published-DTD"
id="check-ensure-published-DTD"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp2#check-ensure-published-DTD">Techniques for checkpoint
2.2</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Ensure that the tool
automatically generates valid markup. <span
class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-declare-extended-DTD"
id="check-declare-extended-DTD"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp2#check-declare-extended-DTD">Techniques for checkpoint
2.3</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> If markup produced by
the tool does not conform to W3C specifications, <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-inform">inform</a> the author. <span
class="priority3">[Priority 3</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="imp3">Support the creation of accessible content:</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-provide-missing-alt"
id="check-provide-missing-alt"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp3#check-provide-missing-alt">Techniques for checkpoint
3.1</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span><a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-prompt">Prompt</a> the author to provide <a
rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-alt-eq">equivalent alternative
information</a> (e.g., <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-video-captions">captions</a>, <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-Auditory">auditory descriptions</a>, and <a
rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-transcript">collated text
transcripts</a> for video). <span
class="priorityR">[Relative Priority]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-help-provide-structure"
id="check-help-provide-structure"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp3#check-help-provide-structure">Techniques for checkpoint
3.2</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Help the author
create structured content and separate information from its
presentation. <span
class="priorityR">[Relative Priority]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-include-pro-descs"
id="check-include-pro-descs"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp3#check-include-pro-descs">Techniques for checkpoint
3.3</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Ensure that
prepackaged content conforms to the Web Content Accessibility
Guidelines 1.0 <a href="refs#ref-WCAG10"
title="Link to reference WCAG10">[WCAG10]</a>. <span
class="priorityR">[Relative Priority]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-no-default-alt"
id="check-no-default-alt"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp3#check-no-default-alt">Techniques for checkpoint
3.4</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Do not automatically
generate <a rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-alt-eq">equivalent
alternatives</a>. Do not reuse previously authored alternatives
without author confirmation, except when the function is known with
certainty. <span class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-have-alt-registry"
id="check-have-alt-registry"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp3#check-have-alt-registry">Techniques for checkpoint
3.5</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Provide functionality
for managing, editing, and reusing <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-alt-eq">alternative equivalents</a> for multimedia
objects. <span class="priority3">[Priority 3]</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="imp4">Provide ways of checking and correcting inaccessible
content:</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-notify-on-schedule"
id="check-notify-on-schedule"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp4#check-notify-on-schedule">Techniques for checkpoint
4.1</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-check-for">Check for</a> and <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-inform">inform</a> the author of <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-accessibility-problem">accessibility problems</a>.
<span class="priorityR">[Relative Priority]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-dont-require-knowledge"
id="check-dont-require-knowledge"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp4#check-dont-require-knowledge">Techniques for checkpoint
4.2</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Assist authors in
correcting <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-accessibility-problem">accessibility problems</a>.
<span class="priorityR">[Relative Priority]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-notify-changes"
id="check-notify-changes"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp4#check-notify-changes">Techniques for checkpoint
4.3</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Allow the author to
preserve markup not recognized by the tool. <span
class="priority2">[Priority 2]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-progress-feedback"
id="check-progress-feedback"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp4#check-progress-feedback">Techniques for checkpoint
4.4</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Provide the author
with a summary of the document's accessibility status. <span
class="priority3">[Priority 3]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-allow-transformation"
id="check-allow-transformation"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp4#check-allow-transformation">Techniques for checkpoint
4.5</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Allow the author to
transform <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-presentation-markup">presentation markup</a> that
is misused to convey structure into <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-structural-markup">structural markup</a>, and to
transform presentation markup used for style into style sheets. <span
class="priority3">[Priority 3]</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="imp5">Integrate accessibility solutions into the overall "look
and feel":</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-integrate-features"
id="check-integrate-features"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp5#check-integrate-features">Techniques for checkpoint
5.1</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span>Ensure that
functionality related to <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-accessible-au-practice">accessible authoring
practices</a> is naturally integrated into the overall look and feel
of the tool. <span class="priority2">[Priority 2]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-visible-means"
id="check-visible-means"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp5#check-visible-means">Techniques for checkpoint
5.2</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span>Ensure that <a
rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-accessible-au-practice">accessible
authoring practices</a> supporting Web Content Accessibility
Guidelines 1.0 <a href="refs#ref-WCAG10"
title="Link to reference WCAG10">[WCAG10]</a> Priority 1 checkpoints
are among the most obvious and easily initiated by the author. <span
class="priority2">[Priority 2]</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="imp6">Promote accessibility in help and documentation:</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-document-features"
id="check-document-features"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp6#check-document-features">Techniques for checkpoint
6.1</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Document all features
that promote the production of accessible content. <span
class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-accessibility-everywhere"
id="check-accessibility-everywhere"></a></span><span
class="noprint"><a
href="imp6#check-accessibility-everywhere">Techniques for checkpoint
6.2</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Ensure that creating
accessible content is a naturally integrated part of the
documentation, including examples. <span
class="priority2">[Priority 2]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a
name="check-emphasize-universal-benefit"
id="check-emphasize-universal-benefit"></a></span><span
class="noprint"><a
href="imp6#check-emphasize-universal-benefit">Techniques for
checkpoint 6.3</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> In a
dedicated section, document all features of the tool that promote the
production of accessible content. <span
class="priority3">[Priority 3]</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="imp7">Ensure that the authoring tool is accessible to authors
with disabilities:</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-use-system-conventions"
id="check-use-system-conventions"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp7#check-use-system-conventions">Techniques for checkpoint
7.1</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Use all applicable
operating system and accessibility standards and conventions
[Priority 1 for standards and conventions that are essential to
accessibility; Priority 2 for those that are important to
accessibility; Priority 3 for those that are beneficial to
accessibility].</li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-independent-styles"
id="check-independent-styles"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp7#check-independent-styles">Techniques for checkpoint
7.2</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Allow the author to
change the presentation within <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-Editing">editing views</a> without affecting the
document markup. <span class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-edit-elements"
id="check-edit-elements"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp7#check-edit-elements">Techniques for checkpoint
7.3</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Allow the author to
edit all <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-Property">properties</a> of each <a rel="glossary"
href="glossary#def-element">element</a> and object in an accessible
fashion. <span class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-navigation-access"
id="check-navigation-access"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp7#check-navigation-access">Techniques for checkpoint
7.4</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Ensure that the <a
rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-Editing">editing view</a> allows
navigation via the structure of the document in an accessible
fashion. <span class="priority1">[Priority 1]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-edit-structure"
id="check-edit-structure"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp7#check-edit-structure">Techniques for checkpoint
7.5</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Enable editing of the
structure of the document in an accessible fashion. <span
class="priority2">[Priority 2]</span></li>
<li><span class="checkpoint"><a name="check-have-search"
id="check-have-search"></a></span><span class="noprint"><a
href="imp7#check-have-search">Techniques for checkpoint
7.6</a></span><span class="checkpoint">:</span> Allow the author to
search within <a rel="glossary" href="glossary#def-Editing">editing
views</a>. <span class="priority2">[Priority 2]</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
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