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<h1><a id="title" name="title"/>Namespaces in XML 1.1 (Second Edition)</h1>
<h2><a id="w3c-doctype" name="w3c-doctype"/>W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names11-20060816">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names11-20060816</a>

</dd><dt>Latest version:</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names11">
http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names11</a>

</dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/PER-xml-names11-20060614/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/PER-xml-names11-20060614</a>

</dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd>Tim Bray, Textuality <a href="mailto:tbray@textuality.com">&lt;tbray@textuality.com&gt;</a></dd><dd>Dave Hollander, Contivo, Inc. <a href="mailto:dmh@contivo.com">&lt;dmh@contivo.com&gt;</a></dd><dd>Andrew Layman, Microsoft <a href="mailto:andrewl@microsoft.com">&lt;andrewl@microsoft.com&gt;</a></dd><dd>Richard Tobin, University of Edinburgh and Markup Technology Ltd <a href="mailto:richard@cogsci.ed.ac.uk">&lt;richard@cogsci.ed.ac.uk&gt;</a></dd></dl><p>Please refer to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/2006/xml-names11-errata"><strong>errata</strong></a> for this document, which may
      include some normative corrections.</p><p>See also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=xml-names11"><strong>translations</strong></a>.</p><p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2006 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p></div><hr/><div>
<h2><a id="abstract" name="abstract"/>Abstract</h2><p>XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying
element and attribute
names used in Extensible Markup Language documents by associating them
with namespaces identified by <span>IRI</span> references.</p></div><div>
<h2><a id="status" name="status"/>Status of this Document</h2><p><em>
This section describes the status of this document at the time
of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document.
A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of
this technical report can be found in the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a>
at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
</em></p><p>
This document is a product of the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Core/">XML Core Working Group</a>
as part of the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Activity.html">W3C XML Activity</a>.
The English version of this specification is the only normative version.
However, for translations of this document, see

<a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=xml-names-11">
http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=xml-names-11
</a>
.
</p><p>
Known implementations are documented in the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/2002/12/xml-names11-implementation.html">
Namespaces 1.1 implementation report</a>
<span>
(all known Namespaces 1.1 implementations also support Namespaces 1.0)
</span>.
A test suite is also available via the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Test/">XML Test Suite</a>
page.
</p><p>
This second edition incorporates all known errata as of the publication date.
It supersedes the previous
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-names11-20040204">
W3C Recommendation of 4 February 2004</a>

.
For the convenience of readers,
			an <a href="diff.html">XHTML version with color-coded revision indicators</a> is
			also provided.</p><p>
Please report errors in this document to
<a href="mailto:xml-names-editor@w3.org">xml-names-editor@w3.org</a>;
public
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/xml-names-editor/">archives</a>
are available. The errata list for this document
is available at

<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/2006/xml-names11-errata">
http://www.w3.org/XML/2006/xml-names11-errata
</a>
.
</p><p>
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software
developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is
endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
document and may be used as reference material or cited from another
document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention
to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This
enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
</p><p>
This document is governed by the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-patent-practice-20020124">24 January 2002 CPP</a>
as amended by the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/05-pp-transition">W3C Patent Policy
Transition Procedure</a>.
W3C maintains a
<a rel="disclosure" href="http://www.w3.org/2002/08/xmlcore-IPR-statements">public
list of any patent disclosures</a>
made in connection with the deliverables of
the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual
believes contains
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a>
must disclose the information in accordance with
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.
</p></div><div class="toc">
<h2><a id="contents" name="contents"/>Table of Contents</h2><p class="toc">1 <a href="#sec-intro">Motivation and Summary</a><br/>
    1.1 <a href="#notation">A Note on Notation and Usage</a><br/>
2 <a href="#sec-namespaces">XML Namespaces</a><br/>
    2.1 <a href="#concepts">Basic Concepts</a><br/>
    2.2 <a href="#iri-use">Use of
IRIs

as Namespace Names</a><br/>
    2.3 <a href="#NSNameComparison">Comparing
IRI

References</a><br/>
3 <a href="#ns-decl">Declaring Namespaces</a><br/>
4 <a href="#ns-qualnames">Qualified Names</a><br/>
5 <a href="#ns-using">Using Qualified Names</a><br/>
6 <a href="#scoping-defaulting">Applying Namespaces to Elements and Attributes</a><br/>
    6.1 <a href="#scoping">Namespace Scoping</a><br/>
    6.2 <a href="#defaulting">Namespace Defaulting</a><br/>
    6.3 <a href="#uniqAttrs">Uniqueness of Attributes</a><br/>
7 <a href="#Conformance">Conformance of Documents</a><br/>
8 <a href="#ProcessorConformance">Conformance of Processors</a><br/>
</p>
<h3><a id="appendices" name="appendices"/>Appendices</h3><p class="toc">A <a href="#refs">Normative References</a><br/>
B <a href="#nrefs">Other references</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
C <a href="#Philosophy">The Internal Structure of XML Namespaces</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
D <a href="#changes">Changes since version 1.0</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
    D.1 <a href="#A2974">Changes since version 1.1</a><br/>
E <a href="#sec-xml-and-sgml">Acknowledgements</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
</p></div><hr/><div class="body"><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="sec-intro" name="sec-intro"/>1 Motivation and Summary</h2><p>We envision applications of Extensible Markup Language (XML) where
a single XML document may
contain elements and attributes
(here referred to as a "markup vocabulary")
that are defined for and used by multiple software modules.
One motivation for this is modularity: if such a markup vocabulary exists
which is well-understood and for which there is useful software
available, it is better to re-use this markup rather than re-invent it.
</p><p>Such documents, containing multiple markup vocabularies,
pose problems of recognition and collision.  Software modules need to
be able to recognize the elements and attributes which they are designed
to process, even in the face
of "collisions" occurring when markup intended for some other software
package uses the same element <span>name</span>
or attribute name.
</p><p>
These considerations require that document constructs
should have names constructed so as to avoid clashes
between names from different markup vocabularies.
This specification describes a mechanism,
<em>XML namespaces</em>, which accomplishes this
by assigning <a title="Expanded Name" href="#dt-expname">expanded names</a>
to elements and attributes.
</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="notation" name="notation"/>1.1 A Note on Notation and Usage</h3><p>
Where <em class="RFC2119">EMPHASIZED</em>, the key words
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>,
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>,
<em class="RFC2119" title="REQUIRED in RFC 2119 context">REQUIRED</em>,
<em class="RFC2119" title="SHOULD in RFC 2119 context">SHOULD</em>,
<em class="RFC2119" title="SHOULD NOT in RFC 2119 context">SHOULD NOT</em>,
<em class="RFC2119" title="MAY in RFC 2119 context">MAY</em>
in this document are to be interpreted as described in
<a href="#keywords">[Keywords]</a>.
</p><p>Note that many of the
nonterminals in the productions in
this specification are defined not here but in
the XML specification <a href="#XML">[XML]</a>.
When nonterminals defined here have the same names as nonterminals
defined in the XML specification, the productions here
in all cases match a subset of the strings matched by the
corresponding ones there.
</p><p>In this document's productions,
the <code>NSC</code> is a "Namespace Constraint",
one of the rules that documents conforming to this specification
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
follow.
</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="sec-namespaces" name="sec-namespaces"/>2 XML Namespaces</h2><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="concepts" name="concepts"/>2.1 Basic Concepts</h3><p>
[<a title="Namespace" id="dt-namespace" name="dt-namespace">Definition</a>:
An <b>XML namespace</b> is identified by

an IRI reference <a href="#IRIRef">[RFC3987]</a>;

element and attribute names
may be placed in an XML namespace using the mechanisms described
in this specification.
]
</p><p>
[<a title="Expanded Name" id="dt-expname" name="dt-expname">Definition</a>:
An <b>expanded name</b>
is a pair consisting of a
<a title="Namespace Name" href="#dt-NSName">namespace name</a>
and a
<a title="Local Name" href="#dt-localname">local name</a>.
]

[<a title="Namespace Name" id="dt-NSName" name="dt-NSName">Definition</a>:
For a name <var>N</var> in a namespace identified
by
<span>an IRI</span>

<var>I</var>, the
<b>namespace name</b>
is <var>I</var>. For a name <var>N</var> that is not in a namespace, the
<b>namespace name</b>
has no value.
]

[<a title="Local Name" id="dt-localname" name="dt-localname">Definition</a>:
In either case the
<b>local name</b>
is <var>N</var>.
]

It is this combination of the universally managed IRI namespace
with the vocabulary's local names that is effective in avoiding
name clashes.
</p><p>
<span>IRI</span>

references can contain characters not allowed in names, and are often
inconveniently long, so expanded names are not used directly to name
elements and attributes in XML documents.  Instead
<a title="Qualified Name" href="#dt-qualname">qualified names</a>
are used.
[<a title="Qualified Name" id="dt-qualname" name="dt-qualname">Definition</a>:
A
<b>qualified name</b>
is a name subject to namespace interpretation.
]
In documents conforming to this specification,
element and attribute names appear as qualified names.
Syntactically, they are either
<a title="" href="#NT-PrefixedName">prefixed names</a> or
<a title="" href="#NT-UnprefixedName">unprefixed names</a>.
An attribute-based declaration syntax is provided to bind prefixes to
namespace names and to bind a default namespace that applies to
unprefixed element names;
these declarations are scoped by the elements on which they appear so that
different bindings may apply in different parts of a document.
Processors conforming to this specification
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
recognize and act on these declarations and prefixes.
</p></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="iri-use" name="iri-use"/>2.2 Use of
<span>IRIs</span>

as Namespace Names</h3><p>
The empty string, though it is a legal
<span>IRI</span>

reference, cannot be used as a namespace name.
</p><p>
The use of relative
<span>IRI</span>

references,
including same-document references, in namespace declarations is
deprecated.
</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>
This deprecation of relative URI references was decided on by a
W3C XML Plenary Ballot <a href="#reluri">[Relative URI deprecation]</a>.  It also declares that
"later specifications such as DOM, XPath, etc. will define no
interpretation for them".
</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="NSNameComparison" name="NSNameComparison"/>2.3 Comparing
<span>IRI</span>

References</h3><p>
<span>IRI</span>

references identifying namespaces are compared when determining
whether a name belongs to a given namespace, and whether two names
belong to the same namespace.
[<a title="Identical" id="dt-identical" name="dt-identical">Definition</a>:
The two
<span>IRIs</span>

are treated as strings, and they are
<b>identical</b>
if and only if the strings are identical, that is, if they
are the same sequence of characters.
]
The comparison is case-sensitive, and no %-escaping is done or undone.
</p><p>
A consequence of this is that
<span>IRI</span>

references which are not identical
in this sense may resolve to the same resource.  Examples include
<span>IRI</span>

references which differ only in case or %-escaping, or which are
in external entities which have different base URIs (but note that
relative
<span>IRIs</span>

are deprecated as namespace names).
</p><p>
In a namespace declaration, the
<span>IRI</span>

reference is the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#AVNormalize">normalized value</a>
of the attribute, so replacement of XML character and entity references
has already been done before any comparison.
</p><p>Examples:</p><p>
The
<span>IRI</span>

references below are all different for the purposes of identifying
namespaces, since they differ in case:
</p><ul><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/wine
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.Example.org/wine
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/Wine
</code></p></li></ul><p>
The IRI references below are also all different for the purposes of identifying
namespaces:
</p><ul><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/rosé
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/ros%c3%a9
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/ros%c3%A9
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/ros%C3%a9
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/ros%C3%A9
</code></p></li></ul><p>
As are these:
</p><ul><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/~wilbur
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/%7ewilbur
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
http://www.example.org/%7Ewilbur
</code></p></li></ul><p>
If the entity <b>eacute</b> has been defined to be <b>é</b>,
the start tags below all contain namespace declarations binding
the prefix <b>p</b>
to the same IRI reference, <code>http://example.org/rosé</code>.
</p><ul><li><p><code>
&lt;p:foo xmlns:p="http://example.org/rosé"&gt;
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
&lt;p:foo xmlns:p="http://example.org/ros&amp;#xe9;"&gt;
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
&lt;p:foo xmlns:p="http://example.org/ros&amp;#xE9;"&gt;
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
&lt;p:foo xmlns:p="http://example.org/ros&amp;#233;"&gt;
</code></p></li><li><p><code>
&lt;p:foo xmlns:p="http://example.org/ros&amp;eacute;"&gt;
</code></p></li></ul><p>
Because of the risk of confusion between
<span>IRIs</span>

that would be equivalent
if dereferenced, the use of %-escaped characters in namespace names is
strongly discouraged.
</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="ns-decl" name="ns-decl"/>3 Declaring Namespaces</h2><p>[<a title="Namespace declaration" id="dt-NSDecl" name="dt-NSDecl">Definition</a>: A namespace
<span>(or more precisely, a namespace binding)</span>
is
<b>declared</b> using
a family of reserved attributes.
Such an attribute's name must either
be <b>xmlns</b> or <span>begin <b>xmlns:</b></span>.
These attributes, like any other XML attributes, may be provided
directly or by <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-default">default</a>.
]
</p>
<h5><a id="A919" name="A919"/>Attribute Names for Namespace Declaration</h5><table summary="Scrap" class="scrap"><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-NSAttName" name="NT-NSAttName"/>[1]   </td><td><code>NSAttName</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="#NT-PrefixedAttName">PrefixedAttName</a></code></td></tr><tr valign="baseline"><td/><td/><td/><td><code>| <a href="#NT-DefaultAttName">DefaultAttName</a></code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-PrefixedAttName" name="NT-PrefixedAttName"/>[2]   </td><td><code>PrefixedAttName</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'xmlns:' <a href="#NT-NCName">NCName</a></code></td><td><a href="#xmlReserved">[NSC: Reserved Prefixes and Namespace Names]</a></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-DefaultAttName" name="NT-DefaultAttName"/>[3]   </td><td><code>DefaultAttName</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'xmlns'</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-NCName" name="NT-NCName"/>[4]   </td><td><code>NCName</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="#NT-NCNameStartChar">NCNameStartChar</a>
<a href="#NT-NCNameChar">NCNameChar</a>*</code></td><td><i>/* An XML
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11#NT-Name">Name</a>, minus the ":" */</i></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-NCNameChar" name="NT-NCNameChar"/>[5]   </td><td><code>NCNameChar</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11#NT-NameChar">NameChar</a>
- ':'</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-NCNameStartChar" name="NT-NCNameStartChar"/>[6]   </td><td><code>NCNameStartChar</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11#NT-NameStartChar">NameStartChar</a>
- ':'</code></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
<span>
The attribute's
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#AVNormalize">normalized value</a>
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
be either
<span>an IRI</span>

reference &#x2014; the
<a title="Namespace Name" href="#dt-NSName">namespace name</a>
identifying the namespace &#x2014;
or an empty string.
</span>
The namespace name, to serve its
intended purpose,
<em class="RFC2119" title="SHOULD in RFC 2119 context">SHOULD</em>
have the characteristics of uniqueness and
persistence.
It is not a goal that it be directly usable for retrieval of a schema (if
any exists).
Uniform Resource Names <a href="#URNs">[RFC2141]</a> is an example of a syntax that
is designed with these goals in mind.
However, it should be noted that ordinary URLs can be managed in such a way as
to achieve these same goals.</p><p>
[<a title="Namespace Prefix" id="dt-prefix" name="dt-prefix">Definition</a>: If the
attribute name matches <a href="#NT-PrefixedAttName">PrefixedAttName</a>,
then the
<a href="#NT-NCName">NCName</a> gives the <b>namespace prefix</b>,
used to associate element and attribute names with the
<a title="Namespace Name" href="#dt-NSName">namespace name</a> in the attribute value
in the scope of the element to which the declaration
is attached.

]
</p><p>[<a title="Default Namespace" id="dt-defaultNS" name="dt-defaultNS">Definition</a>: If the
attribute name matches <a href="#NT-DefaultAttName">DefaultAttName</a>,
then the
<a title="Namespace Name" href="#dt-NSName">namespace name</a> in the
attribute value is
that of the <b>default namespace</b>
in the scope of the element to which the declaration
is attached.]
Default namespaces and overriding of declarations are discussed in
<a href="#scoping-defaulting"><b>6 Applying Namespaces to Elements and Attributes</b></a>.
</p><p>An example namespace declaration, which associates the
namespace prefix <b>edi</b> with the namespace name
<code>http://ecommerce.example.org/schema</code>:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;x xmlns:edi='http://ecommerce.example.org/schema'&gt;
  &lt;!-- the "edi" prefix is bound to http://ecommerce.example.org/schema
       for the "x" element and contents --&gt;
&lt;/x&gt;</pre></div><div class="constraint">
<p class="prefix"><a id="xmlReserved" name="xmlReserved"/><b>Namespace constraint: Reserved Prefixes and Namespace Names</b></p>

<p>
The prefix <b>xml</b> is by definition bound to the namespace name
<code>http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace</code>. It
<em class="RFC2119" title="MAY in RFC 2119 context">MAY</em>,
but need not, be
declared, and
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
be
<span>undeclared or</span>
bound to any other namespace name.  Other prefixes
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
be bound to this namespace
name,
and it
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
be declared as the default namespace.
</p>

<p>
The prefix <b>xmlns</b> is used only to declare namespace bindings and is by
definition bound to the namespace name
<code>http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/</code>. It
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
be declared
<span>or undeclared</span>.
Other prefixes
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
be bound to this namespace
name,
and it
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
be declared as the default namespace.

Element names
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
have the prefix
<code>xmlns</code>.

</p>

<p>
All other prefixes beginning with the three-letter sequence x, m, l,
in any case combination, are reserved. This means that:
</p>

<ul><li><p>users
<em class="RFC2119" title="SHOULD NOT in RFC 2119 context">SHOULD NOT</em>
     use them except as defined by later specifications</p></li><li><p>processors
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
treat them as fatal errors.</p></li></ul>

</div><p>
Though they are not themselves reserved, it is inadvisable to use
prefixed names whose LocalPart begins with the letters x, m, l, in any
case combination, as
these names would be reserved if used without a prefix.
</p></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="ns-qualnames" name="ns-qualnames"/>4 Qualified Names</h2><p>In XML
documents conforming to this specification, some
names (constructs corresponding to the nonterminal
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11#NT-Name">Name</a>)
<span>
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
be</span> given as
<a title="Qualified Name" href="#dt-qualname">qualified names</a>,
defined as follows:
</p>
<h5><a id="A1323" name="A1323"/>Qualified Name</h5><table summary="Scrap" class="scrap"><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-QName" name="NT-QName"/>[7]   </td><td><code>QName</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="#NT-PrefixedName">PrefixedName</a></code></td></tr><tr valign="baseline"><td/><td/><td/><td><code>| <a href="#NT-UnprefixedName">UnprefixedName</a></code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-PrefixedName" name="NT-PrefixedName"/>[8]   </td><td><code>PrefixedName</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>
<a href="#NT-Prefix">Prefix</a> ':' <a href="#NT-LocalPart">LocalPart</a>
</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-UnprefixedName" name="NT-UnprefixedName"/>[9]   </td><td><code>UnprefixedName</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>
<a href="#NT-LocalPart">LocalPart</a>
</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-Prefix" name="NT-Prefix"/>[10]   </td><td><code>Prefix</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="#NT-NCName">NCName</a></code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-LocalPart" name="NT-LocalPart"/>[11]   </td><td><code>LocalPart</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="#NT-NCName">NCName</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
The
<a href="#NT-Prefix">Prefix</a> provides the
<a title="Namespace Prefix" href="#dt-prefix">namespace prefix</a>
part of the qualified name, and
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
be associated with a namespace
<span>IRI</span>

reference in a
<a title="Namespace declaration" href="#dt-NSDecl">namespace declaration</a>.
[<a title="Local Part" id="dt-localpart" name="dt-localpart">Definition</a>:
The <a href="#NT-LocalPart">LocalPart</a> provides the
<b>local part</b> of the qualified name.]
</p><p>Note that the prefix functions <em>only</em> as a placeholder for a
namespace name.
Applications
<em class="RFC2119" title="SHOULD in RFC 2119 context">SHOULD</em>
use the namespace name, not the prefix, in constructing
names whose scope extends beyond the
containing document.</p></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="ns-using" name="ns-using"/>5 Using Qualified Names</h2><p>In XML documents conforming to this specification,
element <span>names</span> are given as
<a title="Qualified Name" href="#dt-qualname">qualified names</a>, as
follows:
</p>
<h5><a id="A1502" name="A1502"/>Element Names</h5><table summary="Scrap" class="scrap"><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-STag" name="NT-STag"/>[12]   </td><td><code>STag</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'&lt;' <a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>
(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-Attribute">Attribute</a>)*
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? '&gt;'
</code></td><td><a href="#nsc-NSDeclared">[NSC: Prefix Declared]</a></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-ETag" name="NT-ETag"/>[13]   </td><td><code>ETag</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'&lt;/' <a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? '&gt;'</code></td><td><a href="#nsc-NSDeclared">[NSC: Prefix Declared]</a></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-EmptyElemTag" name="NT-EmptyElemTag"/>[14]   </td><td><code>EmptyElemTag</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'&lt;' <a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>
(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-Attribute">Attribute</a>)*
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? '/&gt;'</code></td><td><a href="#nsc-NSDeclared">[NSC: Prefix Declared]</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>An example of a qualified name serving as an element name:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
  &lt;!-- the 'price' element's namespace is http://ecommerce.example.org/schema --&gt;
  &lt;edi:price xmlns:edi='http://ecommerce.example.org/schema' units='Euro'&gt;32.18&lt;/edi:price&gt;
</pre></div><p>
Attributes are either <a title="Namespace declaration" href="#dt-NSDecl">namespace
declarations</a>
or their names are given as
<a title="Qualified Name" href="#dt-qualname">qualified names</a>:
</p>
<h5><a id="A1651" name="A1651"/>Attribute</h5><table summary="Scrap" class="scrap"><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-Attribute" name="NT-Attribute"/>[15]   </td><td><code>Attribute</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="#NT-NSAttName">NSAttName</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-Eq">Eq</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-AttValue">AttValue</a></code></td></tr><tr valign="baseline"><td/><td/><td/><td><code>| <a href="#NT-QName">QName</a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-Eq">Eq</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-AttValue">AttValue</a></code></td><td><a href="#nsc-NSDeclared">[NSC: Prefix Declared]</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>An example of a qualified name serving as an attribute name:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;x xmlns:edi='http://ecommerce.example.org/schema'&gt;
  &lt;!-- the 'taxClass' attribute's namespace is http://ecommerce.example.org/schema --&gt;
  &lt;lineItem edi:taxClass="exempt"&gt;Baby food&lt;/lineItem&gt;
&lt;/x&gt;</pre></div><div class="constraint">
<p class="prefix"><a id="nsc-NSDeclared" name="nsc-NSDeclared"/><b>Namespace constraint: Prefix Declared</b></p>
<p>The namespace prefix, unless it is <code>xml</code>
or <code>xmlns</code>,
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
have been
declared in a <a title="Namespace declaration" href="#dt-NSDecl">namespace declaration</a>
attribute in either the start-tag of the element where the prefix
is used or in an ancestor element (i.e. an element in whose
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-content">content</a> the
prefixed markup occurs).
<span>
Furthermore, the attribute value in the innermost such declaration
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST NOT in RFC 2119 context">MUST NOT</em>
be <span>an empty string</span>.
</span>
</p></div><p>This constraint may lead to operational difficulties in the case where
the namespace declaration attribute is provided, not directly in the XML
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-docent">document entity</a>, but
via a default attribute declared in an external entity.
Such declarations may not be read by software which is based on a
non-validating XML processor.
Many XML applications, presumably including namespace-sensitive ones, fail to
require validating processors.
<span>If correct operation with such applications is required</span>,
namespace declarations
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
be
provided either directly or via default attributes declared in the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-doctype">internal subset of the DTD</a>.
</p><p>Element names and attribute <span>names</span> are also given as qualified names when
they appear in declarations in the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-doctype">DTD</a>:
</p>
<h5><a id="A1824" name="A1824"/>Qualified Names in Declarations</h5><table summary="Scrap" class="scrap"><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-doctypedecl" name="NT-doctypedecl"/>[16]   </td><td><code>doctypedecl</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'&lt;!DOCTYPE' <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
<a href="#NT-QName">QName</a> (<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-ExternalID">ExternalID</a>)?
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? ('['
(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-markupdecl">markupdecl</a>
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-PEReference">PEReference</a>
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>)*
']'
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>?)? '&gt;'</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-elementdecl" name="NT-elementdecl"/>[17]   </td><td><code>elementdecl</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'&lt;!ELEMENT' <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
<a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-contentspec">contentspec</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? '&gt;'</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-cp" name="NT-cp"/>[18]   </td><td><code>cp</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>(<a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-choice">choice</a>
| <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-seq">seq</a>)
('?' | '*' | '+')?</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-Mixed" name="NT-Mixed"/>[19]   </td><td><code>Mixed</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'(' <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>?
'#PCDATA'
(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>?
'|'
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>?
<a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>)*
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>?
')*' </code></td></tr><tr valign="baseline"><td/><td/><td/><td><code>| '(' <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? '#PCDATA' <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? ')'
</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-AttlistDecl" name="NT-AttlistDecl"/>[20]   </td><td><code>AttlistDecl</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code>'&lt;!ATTLIST' <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
<a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>
<a href="#NT-AttDef">AttDef</a>*
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>? '&gt;'</code></td></tr></tbody><tbody><tr valign="baseline"><td><a id="NT-AttDef" name="NT-AttDef"/>[21]   </td><td><code>AttDef</code></td><td>   ::=   </td><td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a>
(<a href="#NT-QName">QName</a> | <a href="#NT-NSAttName">NSAttName</a>)
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-AttType">AttType</a>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-S">S</a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-DefaultDecl">DefaultDecl</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
Note that DTD-based validation is not namespace-aware in the following
sense: a DTD constrains the elements and attributes that may appear in
a document by their uninterpreted names, not by (namespace name, local
name) pairs.  To validate a document that uses namespaces against a
DTD, the same prefixes must be used in the DTD as in the instance.
A DTD may however indirectly constrain the namespaces used in a valid
document by providing <code>#FIXED</code> values for attributes that
declare namespaces.
</p></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="scoping-defaulting" name="scoping-defaulting"/>6 Applying Namespaces to Elements and Attributes</h2><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="scoping" name="scoping"/>6.1 Namespace Scoping</h3><p>
The scope of a namespace declaration declaring a prefix extends from
the beginning of the start-tag in which it appears to the end of the
corresponding end-tag, excluding the scope of any inner declarations
with the same NSAttName part.
In the case of an empty tag, the scope is the tag itself.
</p><p>
Such a namespace declaration applies to all element and attribute
names within its scope whose prefix matches that specified in the
declaration.
</p><p>
The
<a title="Expanded Name" href="#dt-expname">expanded name</a>
corresponding to a prefixed element or attribute name has the
<span>IRI</span>

to which the
<a title="" href="#NT-Prefix">prefix</a>
is bound as its
<a title="Namespace Name" href="#dt-NSName">namespace name</a>,
and the
<a title="" href="#NT-LocalPart">local part</a>
as its
<a title="Local Name" href="#dt-localname">local name</a>.
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="<span>1.1</span>"?&gt;

&lt;html:html xmlns:html='<span>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</span>'&gt;

  &lt;html:head&gt;&lt;html:title&gt;Frobnostication&lt;/html:title&gt;&lt;/html:head&gt;
  &lt;html:body&gt;&lt;html:p&gt;Moved to
    &lt;html:a href='http://frob.example.com'&gt;here.&lt;/html:a&gt;&lt;/html:p&gt;&lt;/html:body&gt;
&lt;/html:html&gt;</pre></div><p>Multiple namespace prefixes can be declared as attributes of a single element,
as shown in this example:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="<span>1.1</span>"?&gt;
&lt;!-- both namespace prefixes are available throughout --&gt;
&lt;bk:book xmlns:bk='urn:loc.gov:books'
         xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6'&gt;
    &lt;bk:title&gt;Cheaper by the Dozen&lt;/bk:title&gt;
    &lt;isbn:number&gt;1568491379&lt;/isbn:number&gt;
&lt;/bk:book&gt;</pre></div><p>
The attribute value in a namespace declaration for a prefix
<em class="RFC2119" title="MAY in RFC 2119 context">MAY</em>
be empty.
This has the effect, within the scope of the declaration, of removing
any association of the prefix with a namespace name.  Further declarations
<em class="RFC2119" title="MAY in RFC 2119 context">MAY</em>
re-declare the prefix again:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
<span>
&lt;?xml version="1.1"?&gt;
&lt;x xmlns:n1="http://www.w3.org"&gt;
    &lt;n1:a/&gt;               &lt;!-- legal; the prefix n1 is bound to http://www.w3.org --&gt;
    &lt;x xmlns:n1=""&gt;
        &lt;n1:a/&gt;           &lt;!-- illegal; the prefix n1 is not bound here --&gt;
	&lt;x xmlns:n1="http://www.w3.org"&gt;
            &lt;n1:a/&gt;       &lt;!-- legal; the prefix n1 is bound again --&gt;
        &lt;/x&gt;
    &lt;/x&gt;
&lt;/x&gt;</span></pre></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="defaulting" name="defaulting"/>6.2 Namespace Defaulting</h3><p>
The scope of a
<a title="Default Namespace" href="#dt-defaultNS">default namespace</a> declaration
extends from the beginning of the
start-tag in which it appears to the end of the corresponding end-tag,
excluding the scope of any inner default namespace declarations.
In the case of an empty tag, the scope is the tag itself.
</p><p>
A default namespace declaration applies to all unprefixed element names
within its scope.
Default namespace declarations do not apply directly to attribute names;
the interpretation of unprefixed attributes is
determined by the element on which they appear.
</p><p>
If there is a default namespace declaration in scope, the
<a title="Expanded Name" href="#dt-expname">expanded name</a>
corresponding to an unprefixed element name has the
<span>IRI</span>

of the
<a title="Default Namespace" href="#dt-defaultNS">default namespace</a>
as its
<a title="Namespace Name" href="#dt-NSName">namespace name</a>.
If there is no default namespace declaration in scope, the
namespace name has no value.
The namespace name for an unprefixed attribute name always has no value.
In all cases, the
<a title="Local Name" href="#dt-localname">local name</a> is
<a title="" href="#NT-LocalPart">local part</a>
(which is of course the same as the unprefixed name itself).
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="<span>1.1</span>"?&gt;
&lt;!-- elements are in the HTML namespace, in this case by default --&gt;
&lt;html xmlns='<span>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</span>'&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Frobnostication&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moved to
    &lt;a href='http://frob.example.com'&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="<span>1.1</span>"?&gt;
&lt;!-- unprefixed element types are from "books" --&gt;
&lt;book xmlns='urn:loc.gov:books'
      xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6'&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;Cheaper by the Dozen&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;isbn:number&gt;1568491379&lt;/isbn:number&gt;
&lt;/book&gt;</pre></div><p>A larger example of namespace scoping:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="<span>1.1</span>"?&gt;
&lt;!-- initially, the default namespace is "books" --&gt;
&lt;book xmlns='urn:loc.gov:books'
      xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6'&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;Cheaper by the Dozen&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;isbn:number&gt;1568491379&lt;/isbn:number&gt;
    &lt;notes&gt;
      &lt;!-- make HTML the default namespace for some commentary --&gt;
      &lt;p xmlns='<span>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</span>'&gt;
          This is a &lt;i&gt;funny&lt;/i&gt; book!
      &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/notes&gt;
&lt;/book&gt;</pre></div><p>The attribute value in a default namespace declaration
<em class="RFC2119" title="MAY in RFC 2119 context">MAY</em>
be empty.
This has the same
effect, within the scope of the declaration, of there being no default
namespace.
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version='<span>1.1</span>'?&gt;
&lt;Beers&gt;
  &lt;!-- <span>the default namespace inside tables is that of HTML</span> --&gt;
  &lt;table xmlns='<span>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</span>'&gt;
   &lt;th&gt;&lt;td&gt;Name&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Origin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Description&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt;
     &lt;!-- no default namespace inside table cells --&gt;
     &lt;td&gt;&lt;brandName xmlns=""&gt;Huntsman&lt;/brandName&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
     &lt;td&gt;&lt;origin xmlns=""&gt;Bath, UK&lt;/origin&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
     &lt;td&gt;
       &lt;details xmlns=""&gt;&lt;class&gt;Bitter&lt;/class&gt;&lt;hop&gt;Fuggles&lt;/hop&gt;
         &lt;pro&gt;Wonderful hop, light alcohol, good summer beer&lt;/pro&gt;
         &lt;con&gt;Fragile; excessive variance pub to pub&lt;/con&gt;
         &lt;/details&gt;
        &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/table&gt;
  &lt;/Beers&gt;</pre></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="uniqAttrs" name="uniqAttrs"/>6.3 Uniqueness of Attributes</h3><p>In XML documents conforming
to this specification, no tag
may contain two attributes which:
</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>have identical names, or</p></li><li><p>have qualified names with the same
<a title="Local Part" href="#dt-localpart">local part</a> and with
<a title="Namespace Prefix" href="#dt-prefix">prefixes</a> which have been bound
to <a title="Namespace Name" href="#dt-NSName">namespace names</a> that
are <a title="Identical" href="#dt-identical">identical</a>.
</p></li></ol><p>
This constraint is equivalent to requiring that no element have two
attributes with the same
<a title="Expanded Name" href="#dt-expname">expanded name</a>.
</p><p>For example, each of the <code>bad</code> empty-element tags is illegal in the
following:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;!-- http://www.w3.org is bound to n1 and n2 --&gt;
&lt;x xmlns:n1="http://www.w3.org"
   xmlns:n2="http://www.w3.org" &gt;
  &lt;bad a="1"     a="2" /&gt;
  &lt;bad n1:a="1"  n2:a="2" /&gt;
&lt;/x&gt;</pre></div><p>
However, each of the following is legal, the second because the default
namespace does not apply to attribute names:
</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;!-- http://www.w3.org is bound to n1 and is the default --&gt;
&lt;x xmlns:n1="http://www.w3.org"
   xmlns="http://www.w3.org" &gt;
  &lt;good a="1"     b="2" /&gt;
  &lt;good a="1"     n1:a="2" /&gt;
&lt;/x&gt;</pre></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="Conformance" name="Conformance"/>7 Conformance of Documents</h2><p>
This specification applies to XML 1.1
documents. To conform to this
specification, a document
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
be well-formed according to the
XML 1.1 specification <a href="#XML11">[XML 1.1]</a>.
</p><p>
In XML documents which conform to this specification, element
and attribute names
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
match the production for
<a href="#NT-QName">QName</a>
and
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
satisfy the "Namespace Constraints". All other tokens in the
document which are
<em class="RFC2119" title="REQUIRED in RFC 2119 context">REQUIRED</em>,
<span>
for XML 1.1 well-formedness, to match the
XML production for
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11#NT-Name">Name</a>
</span>

<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
match this specification's production for
<a href="#NT-NCName">NCName</a>.
</p><p>
[<a title="namespace well-formedness" id="dt-nwf" name="dt-nwf">Definition</a>:
A document is <b>namespace-well-formed</b>
if it conforms to this specification.
]
</p><p>
It follows that in a namespace-well-formed document:
</p><ul><li><p>All element and attribute names contain either zero or one
  colon;</p></li><li><p>No entity names, processing instruction targets, or notation names contain any colons.</p></li></ul><p>
In addition, a namespace-well-formed document may also be namespace-valid.
</p><p>
[<a title="namespace validity" id="dt-nv" name="dt-nv">Definition</a>:
A namespace-well-formed document is <b>namespace-valid</b>
if it is valid according to the XML 1.1 specification, and all tokens
other than element and attribute names which are
<em class="RFC2119" title="REQUIRED in RFC 2119 context">REQUIRED</em>,
for XML 1.1 validity, to match the XML production for
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11#NT-Name">Name</a>
match this specification's production for
<a href="#NT-NCName">NCName</a>.
]
</p><p>
It follows that in a namespace-valid document:
</p><ul><li><p>
   No attributes with a declared type of
   <b>ID</b>, <b>IDREF(S)</b>, <b>ENTITY(IES)</b>, or <b>NOTATION</b>
   contain any colons.
  </p></li></ul></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="ProcessorConformance" name="ProcessorConformance"/>8 Conformance of Processors</h2><p>
To conform to this specification, a processor
<em class="RFC2119" title="MUST in RFC 2119 context">MUST</em>
report
violations of namespace well-formedness, with the exception that it
is not
<em class="RFC2119" title="REQUIRED in RFC 2119 context">REQUIRED</em>
to check that namespace names are legal
<span>IRIs.</span>

</p><p>
[<a title="namespace-validating" id="dt-nvp" name="dt-nvp">Definition</a>:
A validating XML processor that conforms to this specification
is <b>namespace-validating</b> if in addition
it reports violations of namespace validity.
]
</p></div></div><div class="back"><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="refs" name="refs"/>A Normative References</h2><dl><dt class="label"><a id="keywords" name="keywords"/>Keywords</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>RFC 2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</cite></a>,
S. Bradner, ed.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force),
March 1997.
Available at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="URNs" name="URNs"/>RFC2141</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2141.txt"><cite>RFC 2141: URN Syntax</cite></a>,
R. Moats, ed.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force),
May 1997.
<span>
Available at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2141.txt.
</span>
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="URIRef" name="URIRef"/>RFC3986</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"><cite>RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</cite></a>,
T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, eds.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force),
January 2005.
Available at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="UTF8" name="UTF8"/>RFC3629</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt"><cite>RFC 3629: UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646</cite></a>,
F. Yergeau, ed.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force),
November 2003.
Available at http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3629.txt
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="IRIRef" name="IRIRef"/>RFC3987</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</cite></a>,
M. Duerst and M. Suignard eds.
January 2005.
Available at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt.
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="XML" name="XML"/>XML</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/"><cite>Extensible Markup Language
(XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition)</cite></a>, Tim Bray, Jean
Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Eve Maler, and François Yergeau eds.
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium),
16 August 2006.
Available at
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/.
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="XML11" name="XML11"/>XML 1.1</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/"><cite>Extensible Markup Language
(XML) 1.1 (Second Edition)</cite></a>,
Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Eve Maler, François Yergeau, and John Cowan eds.
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium),
16 August 2006.
Available at
http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/.
</dd></dl></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="nrefs" name="nrefs"/>B Other references (Non-Normative)</h2><dl><dt class="label"><a id="errata10" name="errata10"/>1.0 Errata</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-names-19990114-errata"><cite>Namespaces in XML Errata</cite></a>.
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).
Available at
http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-names-19990114-errata.
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="errata11" name="errata11"/>1.1 Errata</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/2004/xml-names11-errata"><cite>Namespaces in XML 1.1 Errata</cite></a>.
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).
Available at
http://www.w3.org/XML/2004/xml-names11-errata.
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="reluri" name="reluri"/>Relative URI deprecation</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xppa"><cite>
Results of W3C XML Plenary
Ballot on relative URI References
In namespace declarations
3-17 July 2000</cite></a>,
Dave Hollander and
C. M. Sperberg-McQueen,
6 September 2000.
Available at
http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xppa.
</dd><dt class="label"><a id="req11" name="req11"/>Requirements</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xml-names11-req-20020403/"><cite>Namespaces in XML 1.1 Requirements</cite></a>,
Jonathan Marsh, ed.
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium),
March 2002.
Available at
http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xml-names11-req-20020403/.
</dd></dl></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="Philosophy" name="Philosophy"/>C The Internal Structure of XML Namespaces (Non-Normative)</h2><p>
This appendix has been deleted.
</p></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="changes" name="changes"/>D Changes since version 1.0 (Non-Normative)</h2><p>
This version incorporates the errata to version 1.0 as of 6 December 2002
<a href="#errata10">[1.0 Errata]</a>.
There are two further substantive changes:
</p><ul><li><p>A mechanism is provided for undeclaring prefixes;</p></li><li><p>Namespace names are IRIs, rather than URIs.</p></li></ul><p>
There are several editorial changes, including a number
of terminology changes and additions intended to produce greater
consistency.  The non-normative appendix "The Internal Structure
of XML Namespaces" has been removed.
</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a id="A2974" name="A2974"/>D.1 Changes since version 1.1</h3><p>
This version incorporates the errata to version 1.1 as of 1 June 2006
<a href="#errata11">[1.1 Errata]</a>.
</p><p>
Because the final version of the IRI RFC had not yet been published, the
first edition of version 1.1 included its own definition of IRIs.  This
has been removed, and replaced with a reference to the RFC.
</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a id="sec-xml-and-sgml" name="sec-xml-and-sgml"/>E Acknowledgements (Non-Normative)</h2><p>This work reflects input from a very large number of people,
including especially the participants in the World Wide
Web Consortium XML Working Group and Special Interest Group
and the participants in the W3C Metadata Activity.
The contributions of Charles Frankston of Microsoft
were particularly valuable.</p></div></div></body></html>