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html5.1 137 KB
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="en-US-x-Hixie" ><head><title>HTML5</title><style type="text/css">
   pre { margin-left: 2em; white-space: pre-wrap; }
   h2 { margin: 3em 0 1em 0; }
   h3 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em 0; }
   h4 { margin: 2.5em 0 0.75em 0; }
   h5, h6 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em; }
   h1 + h2, h1 + h2 + h2 { margin: 0.75em 0 0.75em; }
   h2 + h3, h3 + h4, h4 + h5, h5 + h6 { margin-top: 0.5em; }
   p { margin: 1em 0; }
   hr:not(.top) { display: block; background: none; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 2em 0; height: auto; }
   dl, dd { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
   dt { margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; clear: left; }
   dt + dt { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dt { margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }
   dd p { margin-top: 0; }
   dd dl + p { margin-top: 1em; }
   dd table + p { margin-top: 1em; }
   p + * > li, dd li { margin: 1em 0; }
   dt, dfn { font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; }
   dt dfn { font-style: italic; }
   pre, code { font-size: inherit; font-family: monospace; font-variant: normal; }
   pre strong { color: black; font: inherit; font-weight: bold; background: yellow; }
   pre em { font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; }
   @media screen { code { color: orangered; } code :link, code :visited { color: inherit; } }
   var sub { vertical-align: bottom; font-size: smaller; position: relative; top: 0.1em; }
   table { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden hidden none hidden; }
   table thead, table tbody { border-bottom: solid; }
   table tbody th:first-child { border-left: solid; }
   table tbody th { text-align: left; }
   table td, table th { border-left: solid; border-right: solid; border-bottom: solid thin; vertical-align: top; padding: 0.2em; }
   blockquote { margin: 0 0 0 2em; border: 0; padding: 0; font-style: italic; }

   .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: gray; border-color: gray; background: transparent; }
   .matrix, .matrix td { border: none; text-align: right; }
   .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
   .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
   .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
   .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }

   .toc dfn, h1 dfn, h2 dfn, h3 dfn, h4 dfn, h5 dfn, h6 dfn { font: inherit; }
   img.extra { float: right; }
   pre.idl { border: solid thin; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   pre.idl :link, pre.idl :visited { color: inherit; background: transparent; }
   pre.css { border: solid thin; background: #FFFFEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   pre.css:first-line { color: #AAAA50; }
   dl.domintro { color: green; margin: 2em 0 2em 2em; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: none; background: #DDFFDD; }
   hr + dl.domintro, div.impl + dl.domintro { margin-top: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
   dl.domintro dt, dl.domintro dt * { color: black; text-decoration: none; }
   dl.domintro dd { margin: 0.5em 0 1em 2em; padding: 0; }
   dl.domintro dd p { margin: 0.5em 0; }
   dl.switch { padding-left: 2em; }
   dl.switch > dt { text-indent: -1.5em; }
   dl.switch > dt:before { content: '\21AA'; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0; display: inline-block; width: 1em; text-align: right; line-height: 0.5em; }
   dl.triple { padding: 0 0 0 1em; }
   dl.triple dt, dl.triple dd { margin: 0; display: inline }
   dl.triple dt:after { content: ':'; }
   dl.triple dd:after { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }
   .diff-old { text-decoration: line-through; color: silver; background: transparent; }
   .diff-chg, .diff-new { text-decoration: underline; color: green; background: transparent; }
   a .diff-new { border-bottom: 1px blue solid; }

   h2 { page-break-before: always; }
   h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid; }
   h1 + h2, hr + h2.no-toc { page-break-before: auto; }

   p  > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]),
   li > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]), { border-bottom: solid #9999CC; }

   div.head { margin: 0 0 1em; padding: 1em 0 0 0; }
   div.head p { margin: 0; }
   div.head h1 { margin: 0; }
   div.head .logo { float: right; margin: 0 1em; }
   div.head .logo img { border: none } /* remove border from top image */
   div.head dl { margin: 1em 0; }
   div.head p.copyright, div.head p.alt { font-size: x-small; font-style: oblique; margin: 0; }

   body > .toc > li { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
   body > .toc.brief > li { margin-top: 0.35em; margin-bottom: 0.35em; }
   body > .toc > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
   body > .toc > li > * > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
   .toc, .toc li { list-style: none; }

   .brief { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.1; }
   .brief li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
   .brief li p { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

   .category-list { margin-top: -0.75em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.5; }
   .category-list::before { content: '\21D2\A0'; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 900; }
   .category-list li { display: inline; }
   .category-list li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ', '; }
   .category-list li > span, .category-list li > a { text-transform: lowercase; }
   .category-list li * { text-transform: none; } /* don't affect <code> nested in <a> */

   .XXX { color: #E50000; background: white; border: solid red; padding: 0.5em; margin: 1em 0; }
   .XXX > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   p .XXX { line-height: 3em; }
   .annotation { border: solid thin black; background: #0C479D; color: white; position: relative; margin: 8px 0 20px 0; }
   .annotation:before { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 6px -6px -6px 6px; background: #333333; z-index: -1; content: ''; }
   .annotation :link, .annotation :visited { color: inherit; }
   .annotation :link:hover, .annotation :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
   .annotation span { border: none ! important; }
   .note { color: green; background: transparent; font-family: sans-serif; }
   .warning { color: red; background: transparent; }
   .note, .warning { font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   p.note, div.note { padding: 0.5em 2em; }
   span.note { padding: 0 2em; }
   .note p:first-child, .warning p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
   .note p:last-child, .warning p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   .warning:before { font-style: normal; }
   p.note:before { content: 'Note: '; }
   p.warning:before { content: '\26A0 Warning! '; }

   .bookkeeping:before { display: block; content: 'Bookkeeping details'; font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
   .bookkeeping { font-size: 0.8em; margin: 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping p { margin: 0.5em 2em; display: list-item; list-style: square; }
   .bookkeeping dt { margin: 0.5em 2em 0; }
   .bookkeeping dd { margin: 0 3em 0.5em; }

   h4 { position: relative; z-index: 3; }
   h4 + .element, h4 + div + .element { margin-top: -2.5em; padding-top: 2em; }
   .element {
     background: #EEEEFF;
     color: black;
     margin: 0 0 1em 0.15em;
     padding: 0 1em 0.25em 0.75em;
     border-left: solid #9999FF 0.25em;
     position: relative;
     z-index: 1;
   }
   .element:before {
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 2;
     top: 0;
     left: -1.15em;
     height: 2em;
     width: 0.9em;
     background: #EEEEFF;
     content: ' ';
     border-style: none none solid solid;
     border-color: #9999FF;
     border-width: 0.25em;
   }

   .example { display: block; color: #222222; background: #FCFCFC; border-left: double; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1em; }
   td > .example:only-child { margin: 0 0 0 0.1em; }

   ul.domTree, ul.domTree ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; margin: 0; }
   ul.domTree li { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; position: relative; }
   ul.domTree li li { list-style: none; }
   ul.domTree li:first-child::before { position: absolute; top: 0; height: 0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
   ul.domTree li:not(:last-child)::after { position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: -0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
   ul.domTree span { font-style: italic; font-family: serif; }
   ul.domTree .t1 code { color: purple; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 { font-style: normal; font-family: monospace; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .name { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
   ul.domTree .t2 .value { color: blue; font-weight: normal; }
   ul.domTree .t3 code, .domTree .t4 code, .domTree .t5 code { color: gray; }
   ul.domTree .t7 code, .domTree .t8 code { color: green; }
   ul.domTree .t10 code { color: teal; }

   body.dfnEnabled dfn { cursor: pointer; }
   .dfnPanel {
     display: inline;
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 10;
     height: auto;
     width: auto;
     padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
     font: small sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
     background: #DDDDDD;
     color: black;
     border: outset 0.2em;
   }
   .dfnPanel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; font: inherit; text-indent: 0; }
   .dfnPanel :link, .dfnPanel :visited { color: black; }
   .dfnPanel p { font-weight: bolder; }
   .dfnPanel * + p { margin-top: 0.25em; }
   .dfnPanel li { list-style-position: inside; }

   #configUI { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: 10em; right: 1em; width: 11em; font-size: small; }
   #configUI p { margin: 0.5em 0; padding: 0.3em; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; border: inset thin; }
   #configUI p label { display: block; }
   #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; }
   #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; }

   fieldset { margin: 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
   fieldset > legend + * { margin-top: 0; }
   fieldset > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
   fieldset p { margin: 0.5em 0; }

   .stability {
     position: fixed;
     bottom: 0;
     left: 0; right: 0;
     margin: 0 auto 0 auto !important;
    z-index: 1000;
     width: 50%;
     background: maroon; color: yellow;
     -webkit-border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
     -moz-border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
     border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
     -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 1em #500;
     -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 1em #500;
     box-shadow: 0 0 1em red;
     padding: 0.5em 1em;
     text-align: center;
   }
   .stability strong {
     display: block;
   }
   .stability input {
     appearance: none; margin: 0; border: 0; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: transparent; color: black;
     position: absolute; top: -0.5em; right: 0; font: 1.25em sans-serif; text-align: center;
   }
   .stability input:hover {
     color: white;
     text-shadow: 0 0 2px black;
   }
   .stability input:active {
     padding: 0.3em 0.45em 0.2em 0.55em;
   }
   .stability :link, .stability :visited,
   .stability :link:hover, .stability :visited:hover {
     background: transparent;
     color: white;
   }

  </style><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20display:%20none;%20%7D%0Ahtml%20%7B%20border:%20solid%20yellow;%20%7D%20.domintro:before%20%7B%20display:%20none;%20%7D" id="author" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Author documentation only"><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20background:%20%23FFEEEE;%20%7D%20.domintro:before%20%7B%20background:%20%23FFEEEE;%20%7D" id="highlight" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Highlight implementation
requirements"><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><style type="text/css">

   .applies thead th > * { display: block; }
   .applies thead code { display: block; }
   .applies tbody th { whitespace: nowrap; }
   .applies td { text-align: center; }
   .applies .yes { background: yellow; }

   .matrix, .matrix td { border: hidden; text-align: right; }
   .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }

   .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
   .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
   .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }

   td.eg { border-width: thin; text-align: center; }

   #table-example-1 { border: solid thin; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 3em; }
   #table-example-1 * { font-family: "Essays1743", serif; line-height: 1.01em; }
   #table-example-1 caption { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
   #table-example-1 thead, #table-example-1 tbody { border: none; }
   #table-example-1 th, #table-example-1 td { border: solid thin; }
   #table-example-1 th { font-weight: normal; }
   #table-example-1 td { border-style: none solid; vertical-align: top; }
   #table-example-1 th { padding: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
   #table-example-1 tbody tr:first-child td { padding-top: 0.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody tr:last-child td { padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child { padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 0; width: 9em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child::after { content: leader(". "); }
   #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td { width: 10em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td ~ td { width: 2.5em; }
   #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td + td + td ~ td { width: 1.25em; }

   .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; }
   .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; }
   .apple-table-examples td, .apple-table-examples th { border: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th:first-child { border-left: none; width: 100%; }
   .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th::after, .apple-table-examples tfoot th::after { content: leader(". ") }
   .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; }
   .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; }
   .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; }
   .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; }

   .details-example img { vertical-align: top; }

   #base64-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 6em;
     column-count: 5;
     column-gap: 1em;
     -moz-column-width: 6em;
     -moz-column-count: 5;
     -moz-column-gap: 1em;
     -webkit-column-width: 6em;
     -webkit-column-count: 5;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #base64-table thead { display: none; }
   #base64-table * { border: none; }
   #base64-table tbody td:first-child:after { content: ':'; }
   #base64-table tbody td:last-child { text-align: right; }

   #named-character-references-table {
     white-space: nowrap;
     font-size: 0.6em;
     column-width: 30em;
     column-gap: 1em;
     -moz-column-width: 30em;
     -moz-column-gap: 1em;
     -webkit-column-width: 30em;
     -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
   }
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child + td,
   #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child { text-align: center; }
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<div class="head" id="head">

   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>

   <h1>HTML5</h1>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="a-vocabulary-and-associated-apis-for-html-and-xhtml">A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML</h2>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="w3c-working-draft-25-may-2011">W3C Working Draft 25 May 2011</h2>
   <dl><dt>This Version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110525/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110525/</a></dd>
    <dt>Latest Published Version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/">http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/</a></dd>
    <dt>Latest Editor's Draft:</dt>
    <dd><a class="latest-link" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html</a></dd>

    <dt>Previous Versions:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110405/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110405/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20101019/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20101019/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20100624/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20100624/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20100304/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20100304/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090825/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090825/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090423/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090423/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090212/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090212/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080610/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080610/</a></dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080122/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080122/</a></dd>
<!-- :ZZZ -->
    <dt>Editor:</dt>
    <dd><a href="mailto:ian@hixie.ch">Ian Hickson</a>, Google, Inc.</dd>
   </dl><p>This specification is available in the following formats: 
    <a href="Overview.html">single page HTML</a>,
    <a href="spec.html">multipage HTML</a>,
    <a href="author/">web developer edition</a>.
    This is Revision: 1.4938.
   </p> 
     <p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a>
   &#169; 2011 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide
   Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>&#174;</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts
   Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/"><abbr title="European Research
   Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C
   <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
   <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
   and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
   use</a> rules apply.</p>


   <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->
   <p class="alt">The bulk of the text of this specification is also
   available in the WHATWG <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html">Web Applications 1.0</a> specification, under a license that permits
   reuse of the specification text.</p>
   <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->


  </div><hr class="top"><h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="abstract">Abstract</h2><p>This specification defines the 5th major revision of the core
  language of the World Wide Web: the Hypertext Markup Language
  (HTML). In this version, new features are introduced to help Web
  application authors, new elements are introduced based on research
  into prevailing authoring practices, and special attention has been
  given to defining clear conformance criteria for user agents in an
  effort to improve interoperability.</p><h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="status-of-this-document">Status of This document</h2><p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the
  time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this
  document. A list of current W3C publications and the most recently
  formally published revision of this technical report can be found in
  the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a>
  at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p><p>If you wish to make comments regarding this document in a manner
  that is tracked by the W3C, please submit them via using <a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/enter_bug.cgi?product=HTML%20WG">our
  public bug database</a>. If you do not have an account then you can
  enter feedback using this form:</p><form action="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/file-spam.cgi" method="post">
   <fieldset><legend>Feedback Comments</legend>
    <input name="id" type="hidden" value="top"><input name="component" type="hidden" value="HTML5 spec (editor: Ian Hickson)"><input name="response" type="hidden" value="html"><p><label for="feedbackBox">Please enter your feedback, carefully
    indicating the title of the section for which you are submitting
    feedback, quoting the text that's wrong today if appropriate. If
    you're suggesting a new feature, it's really important to say
    <em>what</em> the problem you're trying to solve is. That's more
    important than the solution, in fact.</label></p>
    <p><textarea cols="79" id="feedbackBox" name="text" rows="10"></textarea></p>
    <p class="note">Please don't use section numbers as these tend to
    change rapidly and make your feedback harder to understand.</p>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    function checkFeedbackForm(form) {
      if (form.elements.text.value.match(/^ *</)) {
        alert('Please don\'t start your feedback with an angle bracket, instead explain what topic your feedback is about first.');
        return true;
      } else if (form.elements.text.value.match(/ [^ ]+ [^ ]+ [^ ]+ [^ ]+ /)) {
        if (form.elements.text.value.match(/^Please enter your feedback, carefully/)) {
          alert('Please enter your feedback, explaining what is wrong, and without repeating the instructions. Thanks!');
          return true;
        } else if (form.elements.text.value.match(/ [^ ]+ [^ ]+ [^ ]+ [^ ]+ /)) {
          form.action = "http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/file-bug.cgi";
          return true;
        } else {
          alert('Please include significantly more detail about exactly what problem you are trying to solve.');
          return false;
        }
      }
    }
    </script><p>
     <input onclick="return checkFeedbackForm(form)" type="submit" value="Submit feedback"><small>(Note: Your IP address and user agent will be publicly recorded for spam prevention purposes.)</small>
    </p>
   </fieldset></form><p>If you cannot do this then you can also e-mail feedback to <a href="mailto:public-html-comments@w3.org">public-html-comments@w3.org</a>
  (<a href="mailto:public-html-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
  <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html-comments/">archives</a>),
  and arrangements will be made to transpose the comments to our
  public bug database.

  <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->  
  Alternatively, you can e-mail feedback to <a href="mailto:whatwg@whatwg.org">whatwg@whatwg.org</a> (<a href="http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org">subscribe</a>,
  <a href="http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/">archives</a>).
  The editor guarantees that all substantive feedback sent to this
  list will receive a reply. However, such feedback is not considered
  formal feedback for the W3C process.
  <!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING SENTENCE TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->

  All feedback is welcome.</p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><p>The working groups maintains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?query_format=advanced&amp;short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;short_desc=&amp;long_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;long_desc=&amp;bug_file_loc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;bug_file_loc=&amp;status_whiteboard_type=allwordssubstr&amp;status_whiteboard=&amp;keywords_type=allwords&amp;keywords=&amp;bug_status=UNCONFIRMED&amp;bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;emailassigned_to1=1&amp;emailtype1=exact&amp;email1=ian%40hixie.ch&amp;emailtype2=substring&amp;email2=&amp;bugidtype=include&amp;bug_id=&amp;votes=&amp;chfieldfrom=&amp;chfieldto=Now&amp;chfieldvalue=&amp;cmdtype=doit&amp;order=Reuse+same+sort+as+last+time&amp;field0-0-0=noop&amp;type0-0-0=noop&amp;value0-0-0=">a
  list of all bug reports that the editor has not yet tried to
  address</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/tracker/products/1">a list of issues
  for which the chairs have not yet declared a decision</a>. The
  editor also maintains <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/issues/">a list
  of all e-mails that he has not yet tried to address</a>. These bugs,
  issues, and e-mails apply to multiple HTML-related specifications,
  not just this one.</p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><p>Implementors should be aware that this specification is not
  stable. <strong>Implementors who are not taking part in the
  discussions are likely to find the specification changing out from
  under them in incompatible ways.</strong> Vendors interested in
  implementing this specification before it eventually reaches the
  Candidate Recommendation stage should join the aforementioned
  mailing lists and take part in the discussions.</p><div id="multipage-common">
  
  
  <p class="stability" id="wip"><strong>This is a work in
  progress!</strong> For the latest updates from the HTML WG, possibly
  including important bug fixes, please look at the <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html">editor's draft</a> instead.
  There may also be a more
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5">up-to-date Working Draft</a>
   with changes based on resolution of Last Call issues.
  <input onclick="closeWarning(this.parentNode)" type="button" value="&#9587;&#8413;"></p>
  <script type="text/javascript">
   function closeWarning(element) {
     element.parentNode.removeChild(element);
     var date = new Date();
     date.setDate(date.getDate()+4);
     document.cookie = 'hide-obsolescence-warning=1; expires=' + date.toGMTString();
   }
   if (getCookie('hide-obsolescence-warning') == '1')
     setTimeout(function () { document.getElementById('wip').parentNode.removeChild(document.getElementById('wip')); }, 2000);
  </script></div><p>The publication of this document by the W3C as a W3C Last Call Working
  Draft does not imply that all of the participants in the W3C HTML
  working group endorse the contents of the specification. Indeed, for
  any section of the specification, one can usually find many members
  of the working group or of the W3C as a whole who object strongly to
  the current text, the existence of the section at all, or the idea
  that the working group should even spend time discussing the concept
  of that section.</p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST -->

<p>A number of <strong><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/formal-objection-status.html">formal objections</a></strong>
 are open against this document:</p>
<ul><li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/formal-objection-status.html#ISSUE-031b">issue 31 (Adopt the REQUIREMENTS portion of the "Provide detailed instructions and examples for doing so to all readers of the HTML specification.")</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/formal-objection-status.html#ISSUE-041">issue 41 (Don't provide an explicit means for others to define custom elements and attributes within HTML markup)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/formal-objection-status.html#ISSUE-142">issue 142 (The video poster is conceptually part of the media resource itself. Any short text alternative should apply to the resource as a whole, not just the poster image.)</a></li>
</ul><p>The HTML Working Group chairs maintain a
 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/formal-objection-status.html">complete list of all current formal objections</a>;
 that list may change as this document progresses.</p>

<p>There are also a number of
 <strong><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html">open issues</a></strong>
 related to this document, for which working-group decisions still need to be made:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-030">issue 30 (longdesc)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-133">issue 133 (modal attribute)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-134">issue 134 (tab states)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-150">issue 150 (code-point verbosity)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-151">issue 151 (whatwg references)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-153">issue 153 (link-external)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-154">issue 154 (link-sidebar)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-163">issue 163 (navigating tracks)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-164">issue 164 (no hgroup)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html#ISSUE-165">issue 165 (rel-pingback)</a></li>
</ul>

<p>The HTML Working Group chairs maintain a
 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/issue-status.html">complete list of all currently open HTML Working Group issues</a>;
 that list may change as this document progresses.</p>

<p>Activities are being pursued by some members of the HTML Working Group
to provide
 <strong><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html">new information</a></strong>
 related to this document, with the intent of reopening the following issues:</p>

<ul><li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html#ISSUE-031b">issue 31 (Adopt the REQUIREMENTS portion of the "Provide detailed instructions and examples for doing so to all readers of the HTML specification.")</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html#ISSUE-031c">issue 31 (The presence of &lt;meta name=generator&gt; makes missing alt conforming)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html#ISSUE-032">issue 32 (Drop the summary="" attribute (in favor of the aria-describedby attribute)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html#ISSUE-080">issue 80 (The presence of title makes missing alt conforming)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html#ISSUE-142">issue 142 (The video poster is conceptually part of the media resource itself. Any short text alternative should apply to the resource as a whole, not just the poster image.)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html#ISSUE-155">issue 155 (Enable all users to distinguish the cells of a table.)</a></li>
</ul><p>The HTML Working Group chairs maintain a
 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/status/new-information-status.html">complete list of all HTML Working Group issues for which new information is known to be being pursued</a>;
 that list may change as this document progresses.</p>

<p>A list of other potential
<a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/HTML/wiki/Work_Topics">accessibility related issues</a>
is also available.</p>

<p>W3C anticipates that there will be changes to this specification as a
result of the resolution of Last Call issues. Per the usual W3C Process,
any significant changes to the specification will trigger a subsequent Last
Call.</p>

<p>The latest stable version of the editor's draft of this
  specification is always available on <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/">the W3C CVS server</a> and in the <a href="http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/">WHATWG Subversion
  repository</a>. The <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html">latest
  editor's working copy</a> (which may contain unfinished text in the
  process of being prepared) contains the latest draft text of this
  specification (amongst others). For more details, please see the <a href="http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ#What_are_the_various_versions_of_the_spec.3F">WHATWG
  FAQ</a>.</p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING LIST TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><p>There are various ways to follow the change history for the
  HTML specifications:</p><dl><dt>E-mail notifications of changes</dt>
   <dd>HTML-Diffs mailing list (diff-marked HTML versions for each change): <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html-diffs/latest">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html-diffs/latest</a></dd>
   <dd>Commit-Watchers mailing list (complete source diffs): <a href="http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org">http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org</a></dd>
   <dt>Real-time notifications of changes:</dt>
   <dd>Generated diff-marked HTML versions for each change: <a href="http://twitter.com/HTML5">http://twitter.com/HTML5</a></dd>
   <dt>Browsable version-control record of all changes:</dt>
   <dd>CVSWeb interface with side-by-side diffs: <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/html5/">http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/html5/</a></dd>
   <dd>Annotated summary with unified diffs: <a href="http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker">http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker</a></dd>
   <dd>Raw Subversion interface: <code>svn checkout http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/</code></dd>
  </dl><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING LIST TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><p>The W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/">HTML Working
  Group</a> is the W3C working group responsible for this
  specification's progress along the W3C Recommendation
  track.
  This specification is the 25 May 2011 Last Call Working Draft.
<!-- *   The Last Call period ends 03 August 2011. -->
  The Last Call period ends 03 August 2011.

  </p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><p>Work on this specification is also done at the <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/">WHATWG</a>. The W3C HTML working group
  actively pursues convergence with the WHATWG, as required by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2007/03/HTML-WG-charter">W3C HTML working
  group charter</a>.</p><!-- UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH TO BE REMOVED OR EDITED WITHOUT TALKING TO IAN FIRST --><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5
  February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/40318/status" rel="disclosure">public list of
  any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables
  of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a
  patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the
  individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
  Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
  6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p><h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
<ol class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#introduction"><span class="secno">1 </span>Introduction</a>
  <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#background"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Background</a></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#audience"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Audience</a></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#scope"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Scope</a></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#history-1"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>History</a></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#design-notes"><span class="secno">1.5 </span>Design notes</a>
    <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#serializability-of-script-execution"><span class="secno">1.5.1 </span>Serializability of script execution</a></li>
     <li><a href="introduction.html#compliance-with-other-specifications"><span class="secno">1.5.2 </span>Compliance with other specifications</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#html-vs-xhtml"><span class="secno">1.6 </span>HTML vs XHTML</a></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#structure-of-this-specification"><span class="secno">1.7 </span>Structure of this specification</a>
    <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#how-to-read-this-specification"><span class="secno">1.7.1 </span>How to read this specification</a></li>
     <li><a href="introduction.html#typographic-conventions"><span class="secno">1.7.2 </span>Typographic conventions</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#a-quick-introduction-to-html"><span class="secno">1.8 </span>A quick introduction to HTML</a></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#conformance-requirements-for-authors"><span class="secno">1.9 </span>Conformance requirements for authors</a>
    <ol><li><a href="introduction.html#presentational-markup"><span class="secno">1.9.1 </span>Presentational markup</a></li>
     <li><a href="introduction.html#syntax-errors"><span class="secno">1.9.2 </span>Syntax errors</a></li>
     <li><a href="introduction.html#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values"><span class="secno">1.9.3 </span>Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="introduction.html#recommended-reading"><span class="secno">1.10 </span>Recommended reading</a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="infrastructure.html#infrastructure"><span class="secno">2 </span>Common infrastructure</a>
  <ol><li><a href="infrastructure.html#terminology"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Terminology</a>
    <ol><li><a href="infrastructure.html#resources"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Resources</a></li>
     <li><a href="infrastructure.html#xml"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>XML</a></li>
     <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dom-trees"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>DOM trees</a></li>
     <li><a href="infrastructure.html#scripting-0"><span class="secno">2.1.4 </span>Scripting</a></li>
     <li><a href="infrastructure.html#plugins"><span class="secno">2.1.5 </span>Plugins</a></li>
     <li><a href="infrastructure.html#character-encodings"><span class="secno">2.1.6 </span>Character encodings</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="infrastructure.html#conformance-requirements"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Conformance requirements</a>
    <ol><li><a href="infrastructure.html#conformance-classes"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Conformance classes</a></li>
     <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dependencies"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Dependencies</a></li>
     <li><a href="infrastructure.html#extensibility"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Extensibility</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a></li>
   <li><a href="infrastructure.html#utf-8"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>UTF-8</a></li>
   <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#common-microsyntaxes"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>Common microsyntaxes</a>
    <ol><li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#common-parser-idioms"><span class="secno">2.5.1 </span>Common parser idioms</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attributes"><span class="secno">2.5.2 </span>Boolean attributes</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes"><span class="secno">2.5.3 </span>Keywords and enumerated attributes</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#numbers"><span class="secno">2.5.4 </span>Numbers</a>
      <ol><li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#non-negative-integers"><span class="secno">2.5.4.1 </span>Non-negative integers</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#signed-integers"><span class="secno">2.5.4.2 </span>Signed integers</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#real-numbers"><span class="secno">2.5.4.3 </span>Real numbers</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#percentages-and-dimensions"><span class="secno">2.5.4.4 </span>Percentages and lengths</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#lists-of-integers"><span class="secno">2.5.4.5 </span>Lists of integers</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#lists-of-dimensions"><span class="secno">2.5.4.6 </span>Lists of dimensions</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#dates-and-times"><span class="secno">2.5.5 </span>Dates and times</a>
      <ol><li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#months"><span class="secno">2.5.5.1 </span>Months</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#dates"><span class="secno">2.5.5.2 </span>Dates</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#times"><span class="secno">2.5.5.3 </span>Times</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#local-dates-and-times"><span class="secno">2.5.5.4 </span>Local dates and times</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#global-dates-and-times"><span class="secno">2.5.5.5 </span>Global dates and times</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#weeks"><span class="secno">2.5.5.6 </span>Weeks</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#vaguer-moments-in-time"><span class="secno">2.5.5.7 </span>Vaguer moments in time</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#colors"><span class="secno">2.5.6 </span>Colors</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#space-separated-tokens"><span class="secno">2.5.7 </span>Space-separated tokens</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#comma-separated-tokens"><span class="secno">2.5.8 </span>Comma-separated tokens</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#syntax-references"><span class="secno">2.5.9 </span>References</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#mq"><span class="secno">2.5.10 </span>Media queries</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="urls.html#urls"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>URLs</a>
    <ol><li><a href="urls.html#terminology-0"><span class="secno">2.6.1 </span>Terminology</a></li>
     <li><a href="urls.html#parsing-urls"><span class="secno">2.6.2 </span>Parsing URLs</a></li>
     <li><a href="urls.html#resolving-urls"><span class="secno">2.6.3 </span>Resolving URLs</a></li>
     <li><a href="urls.html#url-manipulation-and-creation"><span class="secno">2.6.4 </span>URL manipulation and creation</a></li>
     <li><a href="urls.html#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls"><span class="secno">2.6.5 </span>Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></li>
     <li><a href="urls.html#interfaces-for-url-manipulation"><span class="secno">2.6.6 </span>Interfaces for URL manipulation</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#fetching-resources"><span class="secno">2.7 </span>Fetching resources</a>
    <ol><li><a href="fetching-resources.html#concept-http-equivalent"><span class="secno">2.7.1 </span>Protocol concepts</a></li>
     <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns"><span class="secno">2.7.2 </span>Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a></li>
     <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#content-type-sniffing"><span class="secno">2.7.3 </span>Determining the type of a resource</a></li>
     <li><a href="fetching-resources.html#extracting-encodings-from-meta-elements"><span class="secno">2.7.4 </span>Extracting encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#common-dom-interfaces"><span class="secno">2.8 </span>Common DOM interfaces</a>
    <ol><li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes"><span class="secno">2.8.1 </span>Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#collections-0"><span class="secno">2.8.2 </span>Collections</a>
      <ol><li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmlcollection-0"><span class="secno">2.8.2.1 </span>HTMLCollection</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmlallcollection-0"><span class="secno">2.8.2.2 </span>HTMLAllCollection</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmlformcontrolscollection-0"><span class="secno">2.8.2.3 </span>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#htmloptionscollection-0"><span class="secno">2.8.2.4 </span>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#domtokenlist-0"><span class="secno">2.8.3 </span>DOMTokenList</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#domsettabletokenlist-0"><span class="secno">2.8.4 </span>DOMSettableTokenList</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#safe-passing-of-structured-data"><span class="secno">2.8.5 </span>Safe passing of structured data</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#domstringmap-0"><span class="secno">2.8.6 </span>DOMStringMap</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#dom-feature-strings"><span class="secno">2.8.7 </span>DOM feature strings</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#exceptions"><span class="secno">2.8.8 </span>Exceptions</a></li>
     <li><a href="common-dom-interfaces.html#garbage-collection"><span class="secno">2.8.9 </span>Garbage collection</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="namespaces.html#namespaces"><span class="secno">2.9 </span>Namespaces</a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="dom.html#dom"><span class="secno">3 </span>Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a>
  <ol><li><a href="dom.html#documents"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Documents</a>
    <ol><li><a href="dom.html#documents-in-the-dom"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>Documents in the DOM</a></li>
     <li><a href="dom.html#security-document"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Security</a></li>
     <li><a href="dom.html#resource-metadata-management"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>Resource metadata management</a></li>
     <li><a href="dom.html#dom-tree-accessors"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>DOM tree accessors</a></li>
     <li><a href="dom.html#creating-documents"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>Creating documents</a></li>
     <li><a href="dom.html#loading-xml-documents"><span class="secno">3.1.6 </span>Loading XML documents</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="elements.html#elements"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Elements</a>
    <ol><li><a href="elements.html#semantics-0"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Semantics</a></li>
     <li><a href="elements.html#elements-in-the-dom"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Elements in the DOM</a></li>
     <li><a href="elements.html#global-attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Global attributes</a>
      <ol><li><a href="elements.html#the-id-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.3.1 </span>The <code>id</code> attribute</a></li>
       <li><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.3.2 </span>The <code>title</code> attribute</a></li>
       <li><a href="elements.html#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.3.3 </span>The <code title="attr-lang">lang</code> and <code title="attr-xml-lang">xml:lang</code> attributes</a></li>
       <li><a href="elements.html#the-xml:base-attribute-xml-only"><span class="secno">3.2.3.4 </span>The <code>xml:base</code>
  attribute (XML only)</a></li>
       <li><a href="elements.html#the-dir-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.3.5 </span>The <code>dir</code> attribute</a></li>
       <li><a href="elements.html#classes"><span class="secno">3.2.3.6 </span>The <code>class</code> attribute</a></li>
       <li><a href="elements.html#the-style-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.3.7 </span>The <code>style</code> attribute</a></li>
       <li><a href="elements.html#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.3.8 </span>Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code title="attr-data-*">data-*</code> attributes</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="elements.html#element-definitions"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Element definitions</a>
      <ol><li><a href="elements.html#attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1 </span>Attributes</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="content-models.html#content-models"><span class="secno">3.2.5 </span>Content models</a>
      <ol><li><a href="content-models.html#kinds-of-content"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1 </span>Kinds of content</a>
        <ol><li><a href="content-models.html#metadata-content-0"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.1 </span>Metadata content</a></li>
         <li><a href="content-models.html#flow-content-0"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.2 </span>Flow content</a></li>
         <li><a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content-0"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.3 </span>Sectioning content</a></li>
         <li><a href="content-models.html#heading-content-0"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.4 </span>Heading content</a></li>
         <li><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content-0"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.5 </span>Phrasing content</a></li>
         <li><a href="content-models.html#embedded-content-0"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.6 </span>Embedded content</a></li>
         <li><a href="content-models.html#interactive-content-0"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.7 </span>Interactive content</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="content-models.html#transparent-content-models"><span class="secno">3.2.5.2 </span>Transparent content models</a></li>
       <li><a href="content-models.html#paragraphs"><span class="secno">3.2.5.3 </span>Paragraphs</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="content-models.html#requirements-relating-to-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters"><span class="secno">3.2.6 </span>Requirements relating to bidirectional-algorithm formatting
  characters</a></li>
     <li><a href="content-models.html#wai-aria"><span class="secno">3.2.7 </span>WAI-ARIA</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#apis-in-html-documents"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>APIs in HTML documents</a></li>
   <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></li>
   <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#dynamic-markup-insertion"><span class="secno">3.5 </span>Dynamic markup insertion</a>
    <ol><li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#opening-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">3.5.1 </span>Opening the input stream</a></li>
     <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#closing-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">3.5.2 </span>Closing the input stream</a></li>
     <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#document.write"><span class="secno">3.5.3 </span><code title="dom-document-write">document.write()</code></a></li>
     <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#document.writeln"><span class="secno">3.5.4 </span><code title="dom-document-writeln">document.writeln()</code></a></li>
     <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#innerhtml"><span class="secno">3.5.5 </span><code title="dom-innerHTML">innerHTML</code></a></li>
     <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#outerhtml"><span class="secno">3.5.6 </span><code title="dom-outerHTML">outerHTML</code></a></li>
     <li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html#insertadjacenthtml"><span class="secno">3.5.7 </span><code title="dom-insertAdjacentHTML">insertAdjacentHTML()</code></a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="semantics.html#semantics"><span class="secno">4 </span>The elements of HTML</a>
  <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#the-root-element"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>The root element</a>
    <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element"><span class="secno">4.1.1 </span>The <code>html</code> element</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="semantics.html#document-metadata"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Document metadata</a>
    <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element"><span class="secno">4.2.1 </span>The <code>head</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element"><span class="secno">4.2.2 </span>The <code>title</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element"><span class="secno">4.2.3 </span>The <code>base</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element"><span class="secno">4.2.4 </span>The <code>link</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="semantics.html#the-meta-element"><span class="secno">4.2.5 </span>The <code>meta</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="semantics.html#standard-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.1 </span>Standard metadata names</a></li>
       <li><a href="semantics.html#other-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.2 </span>Other metadata names</a></li>
       <li><a href="semantics.html#pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.3 </span>Pragma directives</a></li>
       <li><a href="semantics.html#other-pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.4 </span>Other pragma directives</a></li>
       <li><a href="semantics.html#charset"><span class="secno">4.2.5.5 </span>Specifying the document's character encoding</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element"><span class="secno">4.2.6 </span>The <code>style</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="semantics.html#styling"><span class="secno">4.2.7 </span>Styling</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="scripting-1.html#scripting-1"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Scripting</a>
    <ol><li><a href="scripting-1.html#the-script-element"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>The <code>script</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="scripting-1.html#scriptingLanguages"><span class="secno">4.3.1.1 </span>Scripting languages</a></li>
       <li><a href="scripting-1.html#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements"><span class="secno">4.3.1.2 </span>Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a></li>
       <li><a href="scripting-1.html#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts"><span class="secno">4.3.1.3 </span>Inline documentation for external scripts</a></li>
       <li><a href="scripting-1.html#scriptTagXSLT"><span class="secno">4.3.1.4 </span>Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="scripting-1.html#the-noscript-element"><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>The <code>noscript</code> element</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="sections.html#sections"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Sections</a>
    <ol><li><a href="sections.html#the-body-element"><span class="secno">4.4.1 </span>The <code>body</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-section-element"><span class="secno">4.4.2 </span>The <code>section</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element"><span class="secno">4.4.3 </span>The <code>nav</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-article-element"><span class="secno">4.4.4 </span>The <code>article</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-aside-element"><span class="secno">4.4.5 </span>The <code>aside</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements"><span class="secno">4.4.6 </span>The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and <code>h6</code> elements</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-hgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.4.7 </span>The <code>hgroup</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-header-element"><span class="secno">4.4.8 </span>The <code>header</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-footer-element"><span class="secno">4.4.9 </span>The <code>footer</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#the-address-element"><span class="secno">4.4.10 </span>The <code>address</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="sections.html#headings-and-sections"><span class="secno">4.4.11 </span>Headings and sections</a>
      <ol><li><a href="sections.html#outlines"><span class="secno">4.4.11.1 </span>Creating an outline</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="grouping-content.html#grouping-content"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Grouping content</a>
    <ol><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-p-element"><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>The <code>p</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element"><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-pre-element"><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>The <code>pre</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element"><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>The <code>blockquote</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ol-element"><span class="secno">4.5.5 </span>The <code>ol</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ul-element"><span class="secno">4.5.6 </span>The <code>ul</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element"><span class="secno">4.5.7 </span>The <code>li</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dl-element"><span class="secno">4.5.8 </span>The <code>dl</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dt-element"><span class="secno">4.5.9 </span>The <code>dt</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dd-element"><span class="secno">4.5.10 </span>The <code>dd</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figure-element"><span class="secno">4.5.11 </span>The <code>figure</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element"><span class="secno">4.5.12 </span>The <code>figcaption</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element"><span class="secno">4.5.13 </span>The <code>div</code> element</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics"><span class="secno">4.6 </span>Text-level semantics</a>
    <ol><li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element"><span class="secno">4.6.1 </span>The <code>a</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element"><span class="secno">4.6.2 </span>The <code>em</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element"><span class="secno">4.6.3 </span>The <code>strong</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element"><span class="secno">4.6.4 </span>The <code>small</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element"><span class="secno">4.6.5 </span>The <code>s</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element"><span class="secno">4.6.6 </span>The <code>cite</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element"><span class="secno">4.6.7 </span>The <code>q</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element"><span class="secno">4.6.8 </span>The <code>dfn</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element"><span class="secno">4.6.9 </span>The <code>abbr</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element"><span class="secno">4.6.10 </span>The <code>time</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element"><span class="secno">4.6.11 </span>The <code>code</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-var-element"><span class="secno">4.6.12 </span>The <code>var</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element"><span class="secno">4.6.13 </span>The <code>samp</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element"><span class="secno">4.6.14 </span>The <code>kbd</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements"><span class="secno">4.6.15 </span>The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element"><span class="secno">4.6.16 </span>The <code>i</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element"><span class="secno">4.6.17 </span>The <code>b</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element"><span class="secno">4.6.18 </span>The <code>u</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-mark-element"><span class="secno">4.6.19 </span>The <code>mark</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element"><span class="secno">4.6.20 </span>The <code>ruby</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element"><span class="secno">4.6.21 </span>The <code>rt</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element"><span class="secno">4.6.22 </span>The <code>rp</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-bdi-element"><span class="secno">4.6.23 </span>The <code>bdi</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-bdo-element"><span class="secno">4.6.24 </span>The <code>bdo</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-span-element"><span class="secno">4.6.25 </span>The <code>span</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-br-element"><span class="secno">4.6.26 </span>The <code>br</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-wbr-element"><span class="secno">4.6.27 </span>The <code>wbr</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#usage-summary"><span class="secno">4.6.28 </span>Usage summary</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="edits.html#edits"><span class="secno">4.7 </span>Edits</a>
    <ol><li><a href="edits.html#the-ins-element"><span class="secno">4.7.1 </span>The <code>ins</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="edits.html#the-del-element"><span class="secno">4.7.2 </span>The <code>del</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="edits.html#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements"><span class="secno">4.7.3 </span>Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a></li>
     <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-paragraphs"><span class="secno">4.7.4 </span>Edits and paragraphs</a></li>
     <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-lists"><span class="secno">4.7.5 </span>Edits and lists</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#embedded-content-1"><span class="secno">4.8 </span>Embedded content</a>
    <ol><li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#the-img-element"><span class="secno">4.8.1 </span>The <code>img</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#alt"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1 </span>Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a>
        <ol><li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#general-guidelines"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.1 </span>General guidelines</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.2 </span>A link or button containing nothing but the image</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts-diagrams-graphs-maps-illustrations"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.3 </span>A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons-logos"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.4 </span>A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.5 </span>Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.6 </span>A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn-t-add-any-information"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.7 </span>A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.8 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.9 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#a-key-part-of-the-content"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.10 </span>A key part of the content</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.11 </span>An image not intended for the user</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#guidance-for-markup-generators"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.12 </span>Guidance for markup generators</a></li>
         <li><a href="embedded-content-1.html#guidance-for-conformance-checkers"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.13 </span>Guidance for conformance checkers</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-iframe-element"><span class="secno">4.8.2 </span>The <code>iframe</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-embed-element"><span class="secno">4.8.3 </span>The <code>embed</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-object-element"><span class="secno">4.8.4 </span>The <code>object</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-param-element"><span class="secno">4.8.5 </span>The <code>param</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-video-element"><span class="secno">4.8.6 </span>The <code>video</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-audio-element"><span class="secno">4.8.7 </span>The <code>audio</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-source-element"><span class="secno">4.8.8 </span>The <code>source</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-track-element"><span class="secno">4.8.9 </span>The <code>track</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-elements"><span class="secno">4.8.10 </span>Media elements</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#error-codes"><span class="secno">4.8.10.1 </span>Error codes</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#location-of-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.8.10.2 </span>Location of the media resource</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#mime-types"><span class="secno">4.8.10.3 </span>MIME types</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#network-states"><span class="secno">4.8.10.4 </span>Network states</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#loading-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.8.10.5 </span>Loading the media resource</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#offsets-into-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.8.10.6 </span>Offsets into the media resource</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#the-ready-states"><span class="secno">4.8.10.7 </span>The ready states</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#playing-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.8.10.8 </span>Playing the media resource</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#seeking"><span class="secno">4.8.10.9 </span>Seeking</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks"><span class="secno">4.8.10.10 </span>Media resources with multiple media tracks</a>
        <ol><li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#tracklist-objects"><span class="secno">4.8.10.10.1 </span><code>TrackList</code> objects</a></li>
         <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively"><span class="secno">4.8.10.10.2 </span>Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#synchronising-multiple-media-elements"><span class="secno">4.8.10.11 </span>Synchronising multiple media elements</a>
        <ol><li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#introduction-0"><span class="secno">4.8.10.11.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
         <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#media-controllers"><span class="secno">4.8.10.11.2 </span>Media controllers</a></li>
         <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#assigning-a-media-controller-declaratively"><span class="secno">4.8.10.11.3 </span>Assigning a media controller declaratively</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#timed-text-tracks"><span class="secno">4.8.10.12 </span>Timed text tracks</a>
        <ol><li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-model"><span class="secno">4.8.10.12.1 </span>Text track model</a></li>
         <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#sourcing-in-band-text-tracks"><span class="secno">4.8.10.12.2 </span>Sourcing in-band text tracks</a></li>
         <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#sourcing-out-of-band-text-tracks"><span class="secno">4.8.10.12.3 </span>Sourcing out-of-band text tracks</a></li>
         <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#text-track-api"><span class="secno">4.8.10.12.4 </span>Text track API</a></li>
         <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#cue-events"><span class="secno">4.8.10.12.5 </span>Event definitions</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#user-interface"><span class="secno">4.8.10.13 </span>User interface</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#time-ranges"><span class="secno">4.8.10.14 </span>Time ranges</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#mediaevents"><span class="secno">4.8.10.15 </span>Event summary</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#security-and-privacy-considerations"><span class="secno">4.8.10.16 </span>Security and privacy considerations</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements"><span class="secno">4.8.10.17 </span>Best practices for authors using media elements</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-iframe-element.html#best-practices-for-implementors-of-media-elements"><span class="secno">4.8.10.18 </span>Best practices for implementors of media elements</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-canvas-element"><span class="secno">4.8.11 </span>The <code>canvas</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-canvas-element.html#color-spaces-and-color-correction"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1 </span>Color spaces and color correction</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-canvas-element.html#security-with-canvas-elements"><span class="secno">4.8.11.2 </span>Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="the-map-element.html#the-map-element"><span class="secno">4.8.12 </span>The <code>map</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-map-element.html#the-area-element"><span class="secno">4.8.13 </span>The <code>area</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-map-element.html#image-maps"><span class="secno">4.8.14 </span>Image maps</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-map-element.html#authoring"><span class="secno">4.8.14.1 </span>Authoring</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-map-element.html#processing-model"><span class="secno">4.8.14.2 </span>Processing model</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="the-map-element.html#mathml"><span class="secno">4.8.15 </span>MathML</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-map-element.html#svg-0"><span class="secno">4.8.16 </span>SVG</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-map-element.html#dimension-attributes"><span class="secno">4.8.17 </span>Dimension attributes</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="tabular-data.html#tabular-data"><span class="secno">4.9 </span>Tabular data</a>
    <ol><li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element"><span class="secno">4.9.1 </span>The <code>table</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="tabular-data.html#table-descriptions-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.1 </span>Techniques for describing tables</a></li>
       <li><a href="tabular-data.html#table-layout-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.2 </span>Techniques for table layout</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element"><span class="secno">4.9.2 </span>The <code>caption</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.9.3 </span>The <code>colgroup</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element"><span class="secno">4.9.4 </span>The <code>col</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element"><span class="secno">4.9.5 </span>The <code>tbody</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element"><span class="secno">4.9.6 </span>The <code>thead</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element"><span class="secno">4.9.7 </span>The <code>tfoot</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element"><span class="secno">4.9.8 </span>The <code>tr</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element"><span class="secno">4.9.9 </span>The <code>td</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element"><span class="secno">4.9.10 </span>The <code>th</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements"><span class="secno">4.9.11 </span>Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#processing-model-0"><span class="secno">4.9.12 </span>Processing model</a>
      <ol><li><a href="tabular-data.html#forming-a-table"><span class="secno">4.9.12.1 </span>Forming a table</a></li>
       <li><a href="tabular-data.html#header-and-data-cell-semantics"><span class="secno">4.9.12.2 </span>Forming relationships between data cells and header cells</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="tabular-data.html#examples"><span class="secno">4.9.13 </span>Examples</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="forms.html#forms"><span class="secno">4.10 </span>Forms</a>
    <ol><li><a href="forms.html#introduction-1"><span class="secno">4.10.1 </span>Introduction</a>
      <ol><li><a href="forms.html#writing-a-form-s-user-interface"><span class="secno">4.10.1.1 </span>Writing a form's user interface</a></li>
       <li><a href="forms.html#implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form"><span class="secno">4.10.1.2 </span>Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a></li>
       <li><a href="forms.html#configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server"><span class="secno">4.10.1.3 </span>Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a></li>
       <li><a href="forms.html#client-side-form-validation"><span class="secno">4.10.1.4 </span>Client-side form validation</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="forms.html#categories"><span class="secno">4.10.2 </span>Categories</a></li>
     <li><a href="forms.html#the-form-element"><span class="secno">4.10.3 </span>The <code>form</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element"><span class="secno">4.10.4 </span>The <code>fieldset</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="forms.html#the-legend-element"><span class="secno">4.10.5 </span>The <code>legend</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="forms.html#the-label-element"><span class="secno">4.10.6 </span>The <code>label</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-input-element.html#the-input-element"><span class="secno">4.10.7 </span>The <code>input</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#states-of-the-type-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1 </span>States of the <code title="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute</a>
        <ol><li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#hidden-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.1 </span>Hidden state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#text-state-and-search-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.2 </span>Text state and Search state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#telephone-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.3 </span>Telephone state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#url-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.4 </span>URL state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#e-mail-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.5 </span>E-mail state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#password-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.6 </span>Password state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#date-and-time-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.7 </span>Date and Time state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#date-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.8 </span>Date state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#month-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.9 </span>Month state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#week-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.10 </span>Week state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#time-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.11 </span>Time state</a></li>
         <li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html#local-date-and-time-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.12 </span>Local Date and Time state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#number-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.13 </span>Number state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#range-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.14 </span>Range state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#color-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.15 </span>Color state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#checkbox-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.16 </span>Checkbox state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#radio-button-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.17 </span>Radio Button state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#file-upload-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.18 </span>File Upload state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#submit-button-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.19 </span>Submit Button state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#image-button-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.20 </span>Image Button state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#reset-button-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.21 </span>Reset Button state</a></li>
         <li><a href="number-state.html#button-state"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.22 </span>Button state</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#common-input-element-attributes"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2 </span>Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a>
        <ol><li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-autocomplete-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.1 </span>The <code title="attr-input-autocomplete">autocomplete</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-dirname-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.2 </span>The <code title="attr-input-dirname">dirname</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-list-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.3 </span>The <code title="attr-input-list">list</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-readonly-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.4 </span>The <code title="attr-input-readonly">readonly</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-size-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.5 </span>The <code title="attr-input-size">size</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-required-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.6 </span>The <code title="attr-input-required">required</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-multiple-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.7 </span>The <code title="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-maxlength-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.8 </span>The <code title="attr-input-maxlength">maxlength</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-pattern-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.9 </span>The <code title="attr-input-pattern">pattern</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-min-and-max-attributes"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.10 </span>The <code title="attr-input-min">min</code> and <code title="attr-input-max">max</code> attributes</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-step-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.11 </span>The <code title="attr-input-step">step</code> attribute</a></li>
         <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#the-placeholder-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.12 </span>The <code title="attr-input-placeholder">placeholder</code> attribute</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#common-input-element-apis"><span class="secno">4.10.7.3 </span>Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a></li>
       <li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html#common-event-behaviors"><span class="secno">4.10.7.4 </span>Common event behaviors</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-button-element"><span class="secno">4.10.8 </span>The <code>button</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-select-element"><span class="secno">4.10.9 </span>The <code>select</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-datalist-element"><span class="secno">4.10.10 </span>The <code>datalist</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-optgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.10.11 </span>The <code>optgroup</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-option-element"><span class="secno">4.10.12 </span>The <code>option</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-textarea-element"><span class="secno">4.10.13 </span>The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-keygen-element"><span class="secno">4.10.14 </span>The <code>keygen</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-output-element"><span class="secno">4.10.15 </span>The <code>output</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-progress-element"><span class="secno">4.10.16 </span>The <code>progress</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-button-element.html#the-meter-element"><span class="secno">4.10.17 </span>The <code>meter</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#association-of-controls-and-forms"><span class="secno">4.10.18 </span>Association of controls and forms</a></li>
     <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#attributes-common-to-form-controls"><span class="secno">4.10.19 </span>Attributes common to form controls</a>
      <ol><li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#naming-form-controls"><span class="secno">4.10.19.1 </span>Naming form controls</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls"><span class="secno">4.10.19.2 </span>Enabling and disabling form controls</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#a-form-control-s-value"><span class="secno">4.10.19.3 </span>A form control's value</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#autofocusing-a-form-control"><span class="secno">4.10.19.4 </span>Autofocusing a form control</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#limiting-user-input-length"><span class="secno">4.10.19.5 </span>Limiting user input length</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-submission-0"><span class="secno">4.10.19.6 </span>Form submission</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#submitting-element-directionality"><span class="secno">4.10.19.7 </span>Submitting element directionality</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#textFieldSelection"><span class="secno">4.10.20 </span>APIs for the text field selections</a></li>
     <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#constraints"><span class="secno">4.10.21 </span>Constraints</a>
      <ol><li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#definitions"><span class="secno">4.10.21.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#constraint-validation"><span class="secno">4.10.21.2 </span>Constraint validation</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#the-constraint-validation-api"><span class="secno">4.10.21.3 </span>The constraint validation API</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#security-forms"><span class="secno">4.10.21.4 </span>Security</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-submission"><span class="secno">4.10.22 </span>Form submission</a>
      <ol><li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#introduction-2"><span class="secno">4.10.22.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#implicit-submission"><span class="secno">4.10.22.2 </span>Implicit submission</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#form-submission-algorithm"><span class="secno">4.10.22.3 </span>Form submission algorithm</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#constructing-form-data-set"><span class="secno">4.10.22.4 </span>Constructing the form data set</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#url-encoded-form-data"><span class="secno">4.10.22.5 </span>URL-encoded form data</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#multipart-form-data"><span class="secno">4.10.22.6 </span>Multipart form data</a></li>
       <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#plain-text-form-data"><span class="secno">4.10.22.7 </span>Plain text form data</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html#resetting-a-form"><span class="secno">4.10.23 </span>Resetting a form</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="interactive-elements.html#interactive-elements"><span class="secno">4.11 </span>Interactive elements</a>
    <ol><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element"><span class="secno">4.11.1 </span>The <code>details</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-summary-element"><span class="secno">4.11.2 </span>The <code>summary</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-command-element"><span class="secno">4.11.3 </span>The <code>command</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-menu-element"><span class="secno">4.11.4 </span>The <code>menu</code> element</a>
      <ol><li><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus-intro"><span class="secno">4.11.4.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
       <li><a href="interactive-elements.html#building-menus-and-toolbars"><span class="secno">4.11.4.2 </span>Building menus and toolbars</a></li>
       <li><a href="interactive-elements.html#context-menus"><span class="secno">4.11.4.3 </span>Context menus</a></li>
       <li><a href="interactive-elements.html#toolbars"><span class="secno">4.11.4.4 </span>Toolbars</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="commands.html#commands"><span class="secno">4.11.5 </span>Commands</a>
      <ol><li><a href="commands.html#using-the-a-element-to-define-a-command"><span class="secno">4.11.5.1 </span>Using the <code>a</code> element to define a command</a></li>
       <li><a href="commands.html#using-the-button-element-to-define-a-command"><span class="secno">4.11.5.2 </span>Using the <code>button</code> element to define a command</a></li>
       <li><a href="commands.html#using-the-input-element-to-define-a-command"><span class="secno">4.11.5.3 </span>Using the <code>input</code> element to define a command</a></li>
       <li><a href="commands.html#using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command"><span class="secno">4.11.5.4 </span>Using the <code>option</code> element to define a command</a></li>
       <li><a href="commands.html#using-the-command-element-to-define-a-command"><span class="secno">4.11.5.5 </span>Using the <code>command</code> element to define
  a command</a></li>
       <li><a href="commands.html#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-label-element-to-define-a-command"><span class="secno">4.11.5.6 </span>Using the <code title="attr-accesskey">accesskey</code> attribute on a <code>label</code> element to define a command</a></li>
       <li><a href="commands.html#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-legend-element-to-define-a-command"><span class="secno">4.11.5.7 </span>Using the <code title="attr-accesskey">accesskey</code> attribute on a <code>legend</code> element to define a command</a></li>
       <li><a href="commands.html#using-the-accesskey-attribute-to-define-a-command-on-other-elements"><span class="secno">4.11.5.8 </span>Using the <code title="attr-accesskey">accesskey</code> attribute to define a command on other elements</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="links.html#links"><span class="secno">4.12 </span>Links</a>
    <ol><li><a href="links.html#introduction-3"><span class="secno">4.12.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#links-created-by-a-and-area-elements"><span class="secno">4.12.2 </span>Links created by <code>a</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#following-hyperlinks"><span class="secno">4.12.3 </span>Following hyperlinks</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#linkTypes"><span class="secno">4.12.4 </span>Link types</a>
      <ol><li><a href="links.html#rel-alternate"><span class="secno">4.12.4.1 </span>Link type "<code>alternate</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-author"><span class="secno">4.12.4.2 </span>Link type "<code>author</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-bookmark"><span class="secno">4.12.4.3 </span>Link type "<code>bookmark</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-external"><span class="secno">4.12.4.4 </span>Link type "<code>external</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-help"><span class="secno">4.12.4.5 </span>Link type "<code>help</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#rel-icon"><span class="secno">4.12.4.6 </span>Link type "<code>icon</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-license"><span class="secno">4.12.4.7 </span>Link type "<code>license</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-nofollow"><span class="secno">4.12.4.8 </span>Link type "<code>nofollow</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-noreferrer"><span class="secno">4.12.4.9 </span>Link type "<code>noreferrer</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-pingback"><span class="secno">4.12.4.10 </span>Link type "<code>pingback</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-prefetch"><span class="secno">4.12.4.11 </span>Link type "<code>prefetch</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-search"><span class="secno">4.12.4.12 </span>Link type "<code>search</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-sidebar"><span class="secno">4.12.4.13 </span>Link type "<code>sidebar</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-stylesheet"><span class="secno">4.12.4.14 </span>Link type "<code>stylesheet</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#link-type-tag"><span class="secno">4.12.4.15 </span>Link type "<code>tag</code>"</a></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#sequential-link-types"><span class="secno">4.12.4.16 </span>Sequential link types</a>
        <ol><li><a href="links.html#link-type-next"><span class="secno">4.12.4.16.1 </span>Link type "<code>next</code>"</a></li>
         <li><a href="links.html#link-type-prev"><span class="secno">4.12.4.16.2 </span>Link type "<code>prev</code>"</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="links.html#other-link-types"><span class="secno">4.12.4.17 </span>Other link types</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="links.html#common-idioms-without-dedicated-elements"><span class="secno">4.13 </span>Common idioms without dedicated elements</a>
    <ol><li><a href="links.html#the-main-part-of-the-content"><span class="secno">4.13.1 </span>The main part of the content</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#rel-up"><span class="secno">4.13.2 </span>Bread crumb navigation</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#tag-clouds"><span class="secno">4.13.3 </span>Tag clouds</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#conversations"><span class="secno">4.13.4 </span>Conversations</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#footnotes"><span class="secno">4.13.5 </span>Footnotes</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="links.html#matching-html-elements-using-selectors"><span class="secno">4.14 </span>Matching HTML elements using selectors</a>
    <ol><li><a href="links.html#selectors"><span class="secno">4.14.1 </span>Case-sensitivity</a></li>
     <li><a href="links.html#pseudo-classes"><span class="secno">4.14.2 </span>Pseudo-classes</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="browsers.html#browsers"><span class="secno">5 </span>Loading Web pages</a>
  <ol><li><a href="browsers.html#windows"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Browsing contexts</a>
    <ol><li><a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Nested browsing contexts</a>
      <ol><li><a href="browsers.html#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom"><span class="secno">5.1.1.1 </span>Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#auxiliary-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Auxiliary browsing contexts</a>
      <ol><li><a href="browsers.html#navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom"><span class="secno">5.1.2.1 </span>Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#secondary-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Secondary browsing contexts</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#security-nav"><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Security</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#groupings-of-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Groupings of browsing contexts</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#browsing-context-names"><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Browsing context names</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="browsers.html#the-window-object"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>The <code>Window</code> object</a>
    <ol><li><a href="browsers.html#security-window"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Security</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#accessing-other-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Accessing other browsing contexts</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#named-access-on-the-window-object"><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Named access on the <code>Window</code> object</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.2.5 </span>Garbage collection and browsing contexts</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#browser-interface-elements"><span class="secno">5.2.6 </span>Browser interface elements</a></li>
     <li><a href="browsers.html#the-windowproxy-object"><span class="secno">5.2.7 </span>The <code>WindowProxy</code> object</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="origin-0.html#origin-0"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Origin</a>
    <ol><li><a href="origin-0.html#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="history.html#history"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Session history and navigation</a>
    <ol><li><a href="history.html#the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.4.1 </span>The session history of browsing contexts</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#the-history-interface"><span class="secno">5.4.2 </span>The <code>History</code> interface</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#the-location-interface"><span class="secno">5.4.3 </span>The <code>Location</code> interface</a>
      <ol><li><a href="history.html#security-location"><span class="secno">5.4.3.1 </span>Security</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#history-notes"><span class="secno">5.4.4 </span>Implementation notes for session history</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="history.html#browsing-the-web"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Browsing the Web</a>
    <ol><li><a href="history.html#navigating-across-documents"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>Navigating across documents</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#read-html"><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>Page load processing model for HTML files</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#read-xml"><span class="secno">5.5.3 </span>Page load processing model for XML files</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#read-text"><span class="secno">5.5.4 </span>Page load processing model for text files</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#read-image"><span class="secno">5.5.5 </span>Page load processing model for images</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#read-plugin"><span class="secno">5.5.6 </span>Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#read-ua-inline"><span class="secno">5.5.7 </span>Page load processing model for inline content that doesn't have a DOM</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#scroll-to-fragid"><span class="secno">5.5.8 </span>Navigating to a fragment identifier</a></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#history-traversal"><span class="secno">5.5.9 </span>History traversal</a>
      <ol><li><a href="history.html#event-definitions"><span class="secno">5.5.9.1 </span>Event definitions</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#unloading-documents"><span class="secno">5.5.10 </span>Unloading documents</a>
      <ol><li><a href="history.html#event-definition"><span class="secno">5.5.10.1 </span>Event definition</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="history.html#aborting-a-document-load"><span class="secno">5.5.11 </span>Aborting a document load</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="offline.html#offline"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Offline Web applications</a>
    <ol><li><a href="offline.html#introduction-4"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Introduction</a>
      <ol><li><a href="offline.html#appcacheevents"><span class="secno">5.6.1.1 </span>Event summary</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#appcache"><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Application caches</a></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#manifests"><span class="secno">5.6.3 </span>The cache manifest syntax</a>
      <ol><li><a href="offline.html#some-sample-manifests"><span class="secno">5.6.3.1 </span>Some sample manifests</a></li>
       <li><a href="offline.html#writing-cache-manifests"><span class="secno">5.6.3.2 </span>Writing cache manifests</a></li>
       <li><a href="offline.html#parsing-cache-manifests"><span class="secno">5.6.3.3 </span>Parsing cache manifests</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache"><span class="secno">5.6.4 </span>Downloading or updating an application cache</a></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#the-application-cache-selection-algorithm"><span class="secno">5.6.5 </span>The application cache selection algorithm</a></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#changesToNetworkingModel"><span class="secno">5.6.6 </span>Changes to the networking model</a></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#expiring-application-caches"><span class="secno">5.6.7 </span>Expiring application caches</a></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#disk-space"><span class="secno">5.6.8 </span>Disk space</a></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#application-cache-api"><span class="secno">5.6.9 </span>Application cache API</a></li>
     <li><a href="offline.html#browser-state"><span class="secno">5.6.10 </span>Browser state</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="webappapis.html#webappapis"><span class="secno">6 </span>Web application APIs</a>
  <ol><li><a href="webappapis.html#scripting"><span class="secno">6.1 </span>Scripting</a>
    <ol><li><a href="webappapis.html#introduction-5"><span class="secno">6.1.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
     <li><a href="webappapis.html#enabling-and-disabling-scripting"><span class="secno">6.1.2 </span>Enabling and disabling scripting</a></li>
     <li><a href="webappapis.html#processing-model-1"><span class="secno">6.1.3 </span>Processing model</a>
      <ol><li><a href="webappapis.html#definitions-0"><span class="secno">6.1.3.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#calling-scripts"><span class="secno">6.1.3.2 </span>Calling scripts</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#creating-scripts"><span class="secno">6.1.3.3 </span>Creating scripts</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#killing-scripts"><span class="secno">6.1.3.4 </span>Killing scripts</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#runtime-script-errors"><span class="secno">6.1.3.5 </span>Runtime script errors</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="webappapis.html#event-loops"><span class="secno">6.1.4 </span>Event loops</a>
      <ol><li><a href="webappapis.html#definitions-1"><span class="secno">6.1.4.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#processing-model-2"><span class="secno">6.1.4.2 </span>Processing model</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#generic-task-sources"><span class="secno">6.1.4.3 </span>Generic task sources</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="webappapis.html#javascript-protocol"><span class="secno">6.1.5 </span>The <code title="">javascript:</code> URL scheme</a></li>
     <li><a href="webappapis.html#events"><span class="secno">6.1.6 </span>Events</a>
      <ol><li><a href="webappapis.html#event-handler-attributes"><span class="secno">6.1.6.1 </span>Event handlers</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#event-handlers-on-elements-document-objects-and-window-objects"><span class="secno">6.1.6.2 </span>Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#event-firing"><span class="secno">6.1.6.3 </span>Event firing</a></li>
       <li><a href="webappapis.html#events-and-the-window-object"><span class="secno">6.1.6.4 </span>Events and the <code>Window</code> object</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="webappapis.html#atob"><span class="secno">6.2 </span>Base64 utility methods</a></li>
   <li><a href="timers.html#timers"><span class="secno">6.3 </span>Timers</a></li>
   <li><a href="timers.html#user-prompts"><span class="secno">6.4 </span>User prompts</a>
    <ol><li><a href="timers.html#simple-dialogs"><span class="secno">6.4.1 </span>Simple dialogs</a></li>
     <li><a href="timers.html#printing"><span class="secno">6.4.2 </span>Printing</a></li>
     <li><a href="timers.html#dialogs-implemented-using-separate-documents"><span class="secno">6.4.3 </span>Dialogs implemented using separate documents</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="timers.html#system-state-and-capabilities:-the-navigator-object"><span class="secno">6.5 </span>System state and capabilities: the <code>Navigator</code> object</a>
    <ol><li><a href="timers.html#client-identification"><span class="secno">6.5.1 </span>Client identification</a></li>
     <li><a href="timers.html#custom-handlers"><span class="secno">6.5.2 </span>Custom scheme and content handlers</a>
      <ol><li><a href="timers.html#security-and-privacy"><span class="secno">6.5.2.1 </span>Security and privacy</a></li>
       <li><a href="timers.html#sample-handler-impl"><span class="secno">6.5.2.2 </span>Sample user interface</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="timers.html#manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex"><span class="secno">6.5.3 </span>Manually releasing the storage mutex</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="editing.html#editing"><span class="secno">7 </span>User interaction</a>
  <ol><li><a href="editing.html#the-hidden-attribute"><span class="secno">7.1 </span>The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a></li>
   <li><a href="editing.html#activation"><span class="secno">7.2 </span>Activation</a></li>
   <li><a href="editing.html#focus"><span class="secno">7.3 </span>Focus</a>
    <ol><li><a href="editing.html#sequential-focus-navigation-and-the-tabindex-attribute"><span class="secno">7.3.1 </span>Sequential focus navigation and the <code title="attr-tabindex">tabindex</code> attribute</a></li>
     <li><a href="editing.html#focus-management"><span class="secno">7.3.2 </span>Focus management</a></li>
     <li><a href="editing.html#document-level-focus-apis"><span class="secno">7.3.3 </span>Document-level focus APIs</a></li>
     <li><a href="editing.html#element-level-focus-apis"><span class="secno">7.3.4 </span>Element-level focus APIs</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="editing.html#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts"><span class="secno">7.4 </span>Assigning keyboard shortcuts</a>
    <ol><li><a href="editing.html#introduction-6"><span class="secno">7.4.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
     <li><a href="editing.html#the-accesskey-attribute"><span class="secno">7.4.2 </span>The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a></li>
     <li><a href="editing.html#processing-model-3"><span class="secno">7.4.3 </span>Processing model</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="editing.html#contenteditable"><span class="secno">7.5 </span>The <code title="attr-contenteditable">contenteditable</code> attribute</a>
    <ol><li><a href="editing.html#user-editing-actions"><span class="secno">7.5.1 </span>User editing actions</a></li>
     <li><a href="editing.html#making-entire-documents-editable"><span class="secno">7.5.2 </span>Making entire documents editable</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="editing.html#spelling-and-grammar-checking"><span class="secno">7.6 </span>Spelling and grammar checking</a></li>
   <li><a href="dnd.html#dnd"><span class="secno">7.7 </span>Drag and drop</a>
    <ol><li><a href="dnd.html#introduction-7"><span class="secno">7.7.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#the-drag-data-store"><span class="secno">7.7.2 </span>The drag data store</a></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#the-datatransfer-interface"><span class="secno">7.7.3 </span>The <code>DataTransfer</code> interface</a>
      <ol><li><a href="dnd.html#the-datatransferitems-interface"><span class="secno">7.7.3.1 </span>The <code>DataTransferItems</code> interface</a></li>
       <li><a href="dnd.html#the-datatransferitem-interface"><span class="secno">7.7.3.2 </span>The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#the-dragevent-interface"><span class="secno">7.7.4 </span>The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#drag-and-drop-processing-model"><span class="secno">7.7.5 </span>Drag-and-drop processing model</a></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#dndevents"><span class="secno">7.7.6 </span>Events summary</a></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#the-draggable-attribute"><span class="secno">7.7.7 </span>The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#the-dropzone-attribute"><span class="secno">7.7.8 </span>The <code>dropzone</code> attribute</a></li>
     <li><a href="dnd.html#security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model"><span class="secno">7.7.9 </span>Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="dnd.html#editing-apis"><span class="secno">7.8 </span>Editing APIs</a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="syntax.html#syntax"><span class="secno">8 </span>The HTML syntax</a>
  <ol><li><a href="syntax.html#writing"><span class="secno">8.1 </span>Writing HTML documents</a>
    <ol><li><a href="syntax.html#the-doctype"><span class="secno">8.1.1 </span>The DOCTYPE</a></li>
     <li><a href="syntax.html#elements-0"><span class="secno">8.1.2 </span>Elements</a>
      <ol><li><a href="syntax.html#start-tags"><span class="secno">8.1.2.1 </span>Start tags</a></li>
       <li><a href="syntax.html#end-tags"><span class="secno">8.1.2.2 </span>End tags</a></li>
       <li><a href="syntax.html#attributes-0"><span class="secno">8.1.2.3 </span>Attributes</a></li>
       <li><a href="syntax.html#optional-tags"><span class="secno">8.1.2.4 </span>Optional tags</a></li>
       <li><a href="syntax.html#element-restrictions"><span class="secno">8.1.2.5 </span>Restrictions on content models</a></li>
       <li><a href="syntax.html#cdata-rcdata-restrictions"><span class="secno">8.1.2.6 </span>Restrictions on the contents of raw text and RCDATA elements</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="syntax.html#text-0"><span class="secno">8.1.3 </span>Text</a>
      <ol><li><a href="syntax.html#newlines"><span class="secno">8.1.3.1 </span>Newlines</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="syntax.html#character-references"><span class="secno">8.1.4 </span>Character references</a></li>
     <li><a href="syntax.html#cdata-sections"><span class="secno">8.1.5 </span>CDATA sections</a></li>
     <li><a href="syntax.html#comments"><span class="secno">8.1.6 </span>Comments</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="parsing.html#parsing"><span class="secno">8.2 </span>Parsing HTML documents</a>
    <ol><li><a href="parsing.html#overview-of-the-parsing-model"><span class="secno">8.2.1 </span>Overview of the parsing model</a></li>
     <li><a href="parsing.html#the-input-stream"><span class="secno">8.2.2 </span>The input stream</a>
      <ol><li><a href="parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding"><span class="secno">8.2.2.1 </span>Determining the character encoding</a></li>
       <li><a href="parsing.html#character-encodings-0"><span class="secno">8.2.2.2 </span>Character encodings</a></li>
       <li><a href="parsing.html#preprocessing-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">8.2.2.3 </span>Preprocessing the input stream</a></li>
       <li><a href="parsing.html#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing"><span class="secno">8.2.2.4 </span>Changing the encoding while parsing</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="parsing.html#parse-state"><span class="secno">8.2.3 </span>Parse state</a>
      <ol><li><a href="parsing.html#the-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.3.1 </span>The insertion mode</a></li>
       <li><a href="parsing.html#the-stack-of-open-elements"><span class="secno">8.2.3.2 </span>The stack of open elements</a></li>
       <li><a href="parsing.html#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements"><span class="secno">8.2.3.3 </span>The list of active formatting elements</a></li>
       <li><a href="parsing.html#the-element-pointers"><span class="secno">8.2.3.4 </span>The element pointers</a></li>
       <li><a href="parsing.html#other-parsing-state-flags"><span class="secno">8.2.3.5 </span>Other parsing state flags</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="tokenization.html#tokenization"><span class="secno">8.2.4 </span>Tokenization</a>
      <ol><li><a href="tokenization.html#data-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.1 </span>Data state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#character-reference-in-data-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.2 </span>Character reference in data state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rcdata-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.3 </span>RCDATA state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#character-reference-in-rcdata-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.4 </span>Character reference in RCDATA state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rawtext-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.5 </span>RAWTEXT state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.6 </span>Script data state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#plaintext-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.7 </span>PLAINTEXT state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.8 </span>Tag open state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.9 </span>End tag open state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.10 </span>Tag name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rcdata-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.11 </span>RCDATA less-than sign state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rcdata-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.12 </span>RCDATA end tag open state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rcdata-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.13 </span>RCDATA end tag name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rawtext-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.14 </span>RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rawtext-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.15 </span>RAWTEXT end tag open state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#rawtext-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.16 </span>RAWTEXT end tag name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.17 </span>Script data less-than sign state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.18 </span>Script data end tag open state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.19 </span>Script data end tag name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escape-start-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.20 </span>Script data escape start state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escape-start-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.21 </span>Script data escape start dash state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.22 </span>Script data escaped state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.23 </span>Script data escaped dash state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.24 </span>Script data escaped dash dash state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.25 </span>Script data escaped less-than sign state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.26 </span>Script data escaped end tag open state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.27 </span>Script data escaped end tag name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-double-escape-start-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.28 </span>Script data double escape start state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.29 </span>Script data double escaped state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.30 </span>Script data double escaped dash state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.31 </span>Script data double escaped dash dash state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.32 </span>Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#script-data-double-escape-end-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.33 </span>Script data double escape end state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#before-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.34 </span>Before attribute name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.35 </span>Attribute name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#after-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.36 </span>After attribute name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#before-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.37 </span>Before attribute value state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#attribute-value-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.38 </span>Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#attribute-value-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.39 </span>Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#attribute-value-unquoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.40 </span>Attribute value (unquoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.41 </span>Character reference in attribute value state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#after-attribute-value-quoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.42 </span>After attribute value (quoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#self-closing-start-tag-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.43 </span>Self-closing start tag state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#bogus-comment-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.44 </span>Bogus comment state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#markup-declaration-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.45 </span>Markup declaration open state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#comment-start-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.46 </span>Comment start state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#comment-start-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.47 </span>Comment start dash state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#comment-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.48 </span>Comment state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#comment-end-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.49 </span>Comment end dash state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#comment-end-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.50 </span>Comment end state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#comment-end-bang-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.51 </span>Comment end bang state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#doctype-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.52 </span>DOCTYPE state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#before-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.53 </span>Before DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.54 </span>DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#after-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.55 </span>After DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#after-doctype-public-keyword-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.56 </span>After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#before-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.57 </span>Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#doctype-public-identifier-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.58 </span>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#doctype-public-identifier-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.59 </span>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#after-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.60 </span>After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.61 </span>Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#after-doctype-system-keyword-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.62 </span>After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#before-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.63 </span>Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.64 </span>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.65 </span>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#after-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.66 </span>After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#bogus-doctype-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.67 </span>Bogus DOCTYPE state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#cdata-section-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.68 </span>CDATA section state</a></li>
       <li><a href="tokenization.html#tokenizing-character-references"><span class="secno">8.2.4.69 </span>Tokenizing character references</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="tree-construction.html#tree-construction"><span class="secno">8.2.5 </span>Tree construction</a>
      <ol><li><a href="tree-construction.html#creating-and-inserting-elements"><span class="secno">8.2.5.1 </span>Creating and inserting elements</a></li>
       <li><a href="tree-construction.html#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags"><span class="secno">8.2.5.2 </span>Closing elements that have implied end tags</a></li>
       <li><a href="tree-construction.html#foster-parenting"><span class="secno">8.2.5.3 </span>Foster parenting</a></li>
       <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inhtml"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4 </span>The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a>
        <ol><li><a href="tree-construction.html#the-initial-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.1 </span>The "initial" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#the-before-html-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.2 </span>The "before html" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#the-before-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.3 </span>The "before head" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inhead"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.4 </span>The "in head" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inheadnoscript"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.5 </span>The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#the-after-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.6 </span>The "after head" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inbody"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.7 </span>The "in body" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-incdata"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.8 </span>The "text" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-intable"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.9 </span>The "in table" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-intabletext"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.10 </span>The "in table text" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-incaption"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.11 </span>The "in caption" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-incolgroup"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.12 </span>The "in column group" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-intbody"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.13 </span>The "in table body" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-intr"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.14 </span>The "in row" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-intd"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.15 </span>The "in cell" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inselect"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.16 </span>The "in select" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inselectintable"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.17 </span>The "in select in table" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-afterbody"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.18 </span>The "after body" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inframeset"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.19 </span>The "in frameset" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-afterframeset"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.20 </span>The "after frameset" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.21 </span>The "after after body" insertion mode</a></li>
         <li><a href="tree-construction.html#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.22 </span>The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></li></ol></li>
       <li><a href="tree-construction.html#parsing-main-inforeign"><span class="secno">8.2.5.5 </span>The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="the-end.html#the-end"><span class="secno">8.2.6 </span>The end</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-end.html#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset"><span class="secno">8.2.7 </span>Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a></li>
     <li><a href="the-end.html#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser"><span class="secno">8.2.8 </span>An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a>
      <ol><li><a href="the-end.html#misnested-tags:-b-i-b-i"><span class="secno">8.2.8.1 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-end.html#misnested-tags:-b-p-b-p"><span class="secno">8.2.8.2 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-end.html#unexpected-markup-in-tables"><span class="secno">8.2.8.3 </span>Unexpected markup in tables</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-end.html#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed"><span class="secno">8.2.8.4 </span>Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-end.html#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents"><span class="secno">8.2.8.5 </span>The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a></li>
       <li><a href="the-end.html#unclosed-formatting-elements"><span class="secno">8.2.8.6 </span>Unclosed formatting elements</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="the-end.html#serializing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">8.3 </span>Serializing HTML fragments</a></li>
   <li><a href="the-end.html#parsing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">8.4 </span>Parsing HTML fragments</a></li>
   <li><a href="named-character-references.html#named-character-references"><span class="secno">8.5 </span>Named character references</a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax"><span class="secno">9 </span>The XHTML syntax</a>
  <ol><li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#writing-xhtml-documents"><span class="secno">9.1 </span>Writing XHTML documents</a></li>
   <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#parsing-xhtml-documents"><span class="secno">9.2 </span>Parsing XHTML documents</a></li>
   <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#serializing-xhtml-fragments"><span class="secno">9.3 </span>Serializing XHTML fragments</a></li>
   <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#parsing-xhtml-fragments"><span class="secno">9.4 </span>Parsing XHTML fragments</a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="rendering.html#rendering"><span class="secno">10 </span>Rendering</a>
  <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-8"><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
   <li><a href="rendering.html#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints"><span class="secno">10.2 </span>The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-9"><span class="secno">10.2.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#display-types"><span class="secno">10.2.2 </span>Display types</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#margins-and-padding"><span class="secno">10.2.3 </span>Margins and padding</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#alignment"><span class="secno">10.2.4 </span>Alignment</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#fonts-and-colors"><span class="secno">10.2.5 </span>Fonts and colors</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#punctuation-and-decorations"><span class="secno">10.2.6 </span>Punctuation and decorations</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#resetting-rules-for-inherited-properties"><span class="secno">10.2.7 </span>Resetting rules for inherited properties</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-hr-element-0"><span class="secno">10.2.8 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-fieldset-element-0"><span class="secno">10.2.9 </span>The <code>fieldset</code> element</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="rendering.html#replaced-elements"><span class="secno">10.3 </span>Replaced elements</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#embedded-content-2"><span class="secno">10.3.1 </span>Embedded content</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#timed-text-tracks-0"><span class="secno">10.3.2 </span>Timed text tracks</a>
      <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#webvtt-cue-text-rendering-rules"><span class="secno">10.3.2.1 </span>WebVTT cue text rendering rules</a></li>
       <li><a href="rendering.html#applying-css-properties-to-webvtt-node-objects"><span class="secno">10.3.2.2 </span>Applying CSS properties to <span title="WebVTT Node Object">WebVTT Node Objects</span></a></li>
       <li><a href="rendering.html#css-extensions"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3 </span>CSS extensions</a>
        <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#the-::cue-pseudo-element"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3.1 </span>The '::cue' pseudo-element</a></li>
         <li><a href="rendering.html#the-:past-and-:future-pseudo-classes"><span class="secno">10.3.2.3.2 </span>The ':past' and ':future' pseudo-classes</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#images"><span class="secno">10.3.3 </span>Images</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images"><span class="secno">10.3.4 </span>Attributes for embedded content and images</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#image-maps-0"><span class="secno">10.3.5 </span>Image maps</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#toolbars-0"><span class="secno">10.3.6 </span>Toolbars</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="rendering.html#bindings"><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Bindings</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-10"><span class="secno">10.4.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-button-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.2 </span>The <code>button</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-details-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.3 </span>The <code>details</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget"><span class="secno">10.4.4 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets"><span class="secno">10.4.5 </span>The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-range-control"><span class="secno">10.4.6 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a range control</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-color-well"><span class="secno">10.4.7 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a color well</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets"><span class="secno">10.4.8 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control"><span class="secno">10.4.9 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-button"><span class="secno">10.4.10 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a button</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-marquee-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.11 </span>The <code>marquee</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-meter-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.12 </span>The <code>meter</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-progress-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.13 </span>The <code>progress</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-select-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.14 </span>The <code>select</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-textarea-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.15 </span>The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-keygen-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.16 </span>The <code>keygen</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-time-element-0"><span class="secno">10.4.17 </span>The <code>time</code> element</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="rendering.html#frames-and-framesets"><span class="secno">10.5 </span>Frames and framesets</a></li>
   <li><a href="rendering.html#interactive-media"><span class="secno">10.6 </span>Interactive media</a>
    <ol><li><a href="rendering.html#links-forms-and-navigation"><span class="secno">10.6.1 </span>Links, forms, and navigation</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#the-title-attribute-0"><span class="secno">10.6.2 </span>The <code title="attr-title">title</code> attribute</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#editing-hosts"><span class="secno">10.6.3 </span>Editing hosts</a></li>
     <li><a href="rendering.html#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces"><span class="secno">10.6.4 </span>Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="rendering.html#print-media"><span class="secno">10.7 </span>Print media</a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="obsolete.html#obsolete"><span class="secno">11 </span>Obsolete features</a>
  <ol><li><a href="obsolete.html#obsolete-but-conforming-features"><span class="secno">11.1 </span>Obsolete but conforming features</a>
    <ol><li><a href="obsolete.html#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features"><span class="secno">11.1.1 </span>Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></li></ol></li>
   <li><a href="obsolete.html#non-conforming-features"><span class="secno">11.2 </span>Non-conforming features</a></li>
   <li><a href="obsolete.html#requirements-for-implementations"><span class="secno">11.3 </span>Requirements for implementations</a>
    <ol><li><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element"><span class="secno">11.3.1 </span>The <code>applet</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element"><span class="secno">11.3.2 </span>The <code>marquee</code> element</a></li>
     <li><a href="obsolete.html#frames"><span class="secno">11.3.3 </span>Frames</a></li>
     <li><a href="obsolete.html#other-elements-attributes-and-apis"><span class="secno">11.3.4 </span>Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
 <li><a href="iana.html#iana"><span class="secno">12 </span>IANA considerations</a>
  <ol><li><a href="iana.html#text-html"><span class="secno">12.1 </span><code>text/html</code></a></li>
   <li><a href="iana.html#text-html-sandboxed"><span class="secno">12.2 </span><code>text/html-sandboxed</code></a></li>
   <li><a href="iana.html#application-xhtml-xml"><span class="secno">12.3 </span><code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a></li>
   <li><a href="iana.html#text-cache-manifest"><span class="secno">12.4 </span><code>text/cache-manifest</code></a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#index">Index</a>
  <ol><li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#elements-1">Elements</a></li>
   <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#element-content-categories">Element content categories</a></li>
   <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#attributes-1">Attributes</a></li>
   <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#interfaces">Interfaces</a></li>
   <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#events-0">Events</a></li></ol></li>
 <li><a class="no-num" href="references.html#references">References</a></li>
 <li><a class="no-num" href="acknowledgements.html#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li></ol></body></html>