discontinued / server · Files

P3P.1 366 KB
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  <title>The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0)
  Specification</title>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img height="48" alt="W3C" width="72"
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home"></a>

<h1 id="main">The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0)
Specification</h1>

<h2 id="main_what">W3C Recommendation 16 April 2002</h2>
<dl>
  <dt>This Version:</dt>
    <dd><a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-P3P-20020416/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-P3P-20020416/</a></dd>
  <dt>Latest Version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/">http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/</a></dd>
  <dt>Previous Version:</dt>
    <dd><a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/PR-P3P-20020128/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/PR-P3P-20020128/</a></dd>
  <dt>Editor:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Massimo/">Massimo Marchiori</a>, <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a> / <a
      href="http://www.mit.edu/">MIT</a> / <a
      href="http://www.unive.it/">University of Venice</a>, (<a
      href="mailto:massimo@w3.org">massimo@w3.org</a>)</dd>
  <dt>Authors:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://lorrie.cranor.org/">Lorrie Cranor</a>, AT&amp;T</dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.inf.ethz.ch/~langhein/">Marc Langheinrich</a>, ETH
      Zurich</dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Massimo/">Massimo Marchiori</a>, W3C
      / MIT / University of Venice</dd>
    <dd><a href="mailto:mpresler@us.ibm.com">Martin Presler-Marshall</a>,
    IBM</dd>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Reagle/Overview.html">Joseph
      Reagle</a>, W3C/MIT</dd>
</dl>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-errata"><strong>errata</strong></a>  for this document, which may include some normative corrections.</p>
<p>See also  <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-translations">translations</a>.</p>
<p class="copyright"><a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#Copyright">Copyright</a>
©2002 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><abbr
title="Massachusetts Institute of   Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a
href="http://www.inria.fr/"><abbr lang="fr"
title="Institut National de   Recherche en Informatique et Automatique">INRIA</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice-20000612#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>,
<a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents-19990405">document
use</a> and <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software-19980720">software
licensing</a> rules apply.</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>

<h2 id="abstract">Abstract</h2>

<p>This is the specification of the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P).
This document, along with its normative references, includes all the
specification necessary for the implementation of interoperable P3P
applications.</p>

<h2 id="status">Status of This Document</h2>

<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its
publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status of
this document series is maintained at the W3C. </em></p>

<p>This is the W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Process-20010719/process.html#RecsW3C">Recommendation</a>
of the the Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0) Specification.</p>

<p>This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties
and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative
reference from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to
draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment.
This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.</p>

<p>This document has been produced by the P3P Specification Working Group as
part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Privacy/Activity">Privacy Activity</a>
in the W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/TandS/">Technology &amp; Society
Domain</a>.</p>

<p>Patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be found on the
P3P1.0 <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-ipr">patent disclosure
page</a>, in conformance with W3C policy.</p>

<p>Please report errors in this document to <a
href="mailto:www-p3p-public-comments@w3.org">www-p3p-public-comments@w3.org</a>
(<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-p3p-public-comments/">publicly
archived</a>).</p>

<p>The list of known errors in this specification is available at <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-errata">http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-errata</a>.</p>

<p>The English version of this specification is the only normative version.
Information about translations of this document (if any) is available at <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-translations">http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-translations</a>.</p>

<p>A list of current public W3C Technical Reports can be found at <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">http://www.w3.org/TR</a>.</p>

<p></p>
<hr>

<h2 id="toc">Table of Contents</h2>

<p></p>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>
    <ol>
      <li><a href="#P3P1.0">The P3P1.0 Specification</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#goals_and_capabs">Goals and Capabilities of
          P3P1.0</a></li>
          <li><a href="#intro_example">Example of P3P in Use</a></li>
          <li><a href="#P3PPolicies">P3P Policies</a></li>
          <li><a href="#UserAgents">P3P User Agents</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Implementing">Implementing P3P1.0 on Servers</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Future">Future Versions of P3P</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#About">About this Specification</a></li>
      <li><a href="#Terminology">Terminology</a></li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#Referencing">Referencing Policies</a>
    <ol>
      <li><a href="#overview_of_prfs">Overview and Purpose of Policy
        References</a></li>
      <li><a href="#ref_syntax">Locating Policy Reference Files</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#Well_Known_Location">Well-Known Location</a></li>
          <li><a href="#syntax_ext">HTTP Headers</a></li>
          <li><a href="#syntax_link">The HTML <code>link</code> Tag</a></li>
          <li><a href="#XHTML-link">The XHTML <code>link</code> Tag</a></li>
          <li><a href="#other_protocols">HTTP ports and other
          protocols</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#ref_file">Policy Reference File Syntax and Semantics</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#ref_file_example">Example Policy Reference
          File</a></li>
          <li><a href="#ref_file_syntax">Policy Reference File Definition</a>
            <ol>
              <li><a href="#ref_file_processing">Policy reference file
                processing</a>
                <ol>
                  <li><a href="#ref_file_ordering">Significance of
                  order</a></li>
                  <li><a href="#ref_file_wildcards">Wildcards in policy
                    reference files</a></li>
                </ol>
              </li>
              <li><a href="#ref_file_refs">The <code>META</code> and
                <code>POLICY-REFERENCES</code> elements</a></li>
              <li><a href="#ref_file_lifetime">Policy reference file lifetimes
                and the <code>EXPIRY element</code></a>
                <ol>
                  <li><a href="#motivation_and_mechanism">Motivation and
                    mechanism</a></li>
                  <li><a href="#the_expiry_element">The <code>EXPIRY</code>
                    element</a></li>
                  <li><a href="#use_of_http_headers">Use of HTTP
                  headers</a></li>
                  <li><a href="#error_handling">Error handling for policy
                    reference file lifetimes</a></li>
                </ol>
              </li>
              <li><a href="#ref_file_policyref">The <code>POLICY-REF</code>
                element</a></li>
              <li><a href="#ref_file_preexc">The <code>INCLUDE</code> and
                <code>EXCLUDE</code> elements</a></li>
              <li><a href="#hints">The <code>HINT</code> element</a></li>
              <li><a href="#cookies">The <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> and
                <code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> elements</a></li>
              <li><a href="#ref_file_method">The <code>METHOD</code>
                element</a></li>
            </ol>
          </li>
          <li><a href="#active_content">Applying a Policy to a URI</a></li>
          <li><a href="#forms">Forms and Related Mechanisms</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#additional_requirements">Additional Requirements</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#non-ambiguity">Non-ambiguity</a></li>
          <li><a href="#multiple">Multiple Languages</a></li>
          <li><a href="#safezone">The Safe Zone</a></li>
          <li><a href="#processing">Policy and Policy Reference File
            Processing by User Agents</a></li>
          <li><a href="#security">Security of Policy Transport</a></li>
          <li><a href="#policy_updates">Policy Updates</a></li>
          <li><a href="#absence_of_prf">Absence of Policy Reference
          File</a></li>
          <li><a href="#asynchronous_evaluation">Asynchronous
          Evaluation</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#example_scenarios">Example Scenarios</a></li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#P3P_markup">Policy Syntax and Semantics</a>
    <ol>
      <li><a href="#Example_policy">Example policies</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#English">English language policies</a></li>
          <li><a href="#encoding">XML encoding of policies</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#Policies">Policies</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#POLICIES">The <code>POLICIES</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#POLICY">The <code>POLICY</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#test">The <code>TEST</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#ENTITY">The <code>ENTITY</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#ACCESS">The <code>ACCESS</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#DISPUTES">The <code>DISPUTES</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#REMEDIES">The <code>REMEDIES</code> element</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#Statements">Statements</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#STATEMENT">The <code>STATEMENT</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#CONSEQUENCE">The <code>CONSEQUENCE</code>
          element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#NON-IDENTIFIABLE">The <code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code>
            element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#PURPOSE">The <code>PURPOSE</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#RECPNT">The <code>RECIPIENT</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#RETENTION">The <code>RETENTION</code> element</a></li>
          <li><a href="#DATA">The <code>DATA-GROUP</code> and
            <code>DATA</code> elements</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#Categories">Categories and the <code>CATEGORIES</code>
        element</a></li>
      <li><a href="#extension">Extension Mechanism: the <code>EXTENSION</code>
        element</a></li>
      <li><a href="#PREFERENCES">User Preferences</a></li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#compact_policies">Compact Policies</a>
    <ol>
      <li><a href="#referencing_compact_policies">Referencing Compact
        Policies</a></li>
      <li><a href="#compact_policy_vocabulary">Compact Policies Vocabulary</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#compact_access">Compact <code>ACCESS</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_disputes">Compact
          <code>DISPUTES</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_remedies">Compact
          <code>REMEDIES</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_non_identifiable">Compact
            <code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_purposes">Compact
          <code>PURPOSE</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_recipients">Compact
          <code>RECIPIENT</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_retention">Compact
          <code>RETENTION</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_categories">Compact
            <code>CATEGORIES</code></a></li>
          <li><a href="#compact_test">Compact <code>TEST</code></a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#compact_policy_scope">Compact Policy Scope</a></li>
      <li><a href="#compact_policy_lifetime">Compact Policy Lifetime</a></li>
      <li><a href="#full_into_compact">Transforming a P3P Policy to a Compact
        Policy</a></li>
      <li><a href="#compact_into_full">Transforming a Compact Policy to a P3P
        Policy</a></li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#Data_Schemas">Data schemas</a>
    <ol>
      <li><a href="#natural_dataschemas">Natural Language Support for Data
        Schemas</a></li>
      <li><a href="#data_structures">Data Structures</a></li>
      <li><a href="#DATA-DEF-TYPE">The <code>DATA-DEF</code> and
        <code>DATA-STRUCT</code> elements</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#categories_dataschemas">Categories in P3P Data
            Schemas</a></li>
          <li><a href="#dataschema_example">P3P Data Schema Example</a></li>
          <li><a href="#use_element_names">Use of data element names</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#dataschemas_immutability">Persistence of data
      schemas</a></li>
      <li><a href="#Data_Types">Basic Data Structures</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#Dates">Dates</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Names">Names</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Logins">Logins</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Certificates">Certificates</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Telephones">Telephones</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Contact_Information">Contact Information</a>
            <ol>
              <li><a href="#Postal">Postal</a></li>
              <li><a href="#Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li>
              <li><a href="#Online">Online</a></li>
            </ol>
          </li>
          <li><a href="#Internet_Addresses">Access Logs and Internet
            Addresses</a>
            <ol>
              <li><a href="#URI_data_structure">URI</a></li>
              <li><a href="#IPaddress_data_structure">ipaddr</a></li>
              <li><a href="#access_log">Access Log Information</a></li>
              <li><a href="#other_http_info">Other HTTP Protocol
                Information</a></li>
            </ol>
          </li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#Base_Data_Schema">The base data schema</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#User_Data">User Data</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Third-Party-Data">Third Party Data</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Business-Data">Business Data</a></li>
          <li><a href="#Dynamic_Data">Dynamic Data</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#categories_and_data">Categories and Data
        Elements/Structures</a>
        <ol>
          <li><a href="#fixed">Fixed-Category Data
          Elements/Structures</a></li>
          <li><a href="#variable">Variable-Category Data
            Elements/Structures</a></li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#using_data_elements">Using Data Elements</a></li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#Appendices">Appendices</a> <br>
    <a href="#References_normative">Appendix 1: References (Normative)</a><br>
    <a href="#References_nonnormative">Appendix 2: References
    (Non-normative)</a><br>
    <a href="#basedataxml">Appendix 3: The P3P base data schema Definition
    (Normative)</a><br>
    <a href="#Appendix_schema">Appendix 4: XML Schema Definition
    (Normative)</a><br>
    <a href="#DTD">Appendix 5: XML DTD Definition (Non-normative)</a><br>
    <a href="#Appendix_Notation">Appendix 6: ABNF Notation (Normative)</a><br>
    <a href="#guiding_principles">Appendix 7: P3P Guiding Principles
    (Non-normative)</a><br>
    <a href="#Appendix_Working">Appendix 8: Working Group Contributors
    (Non-normative)</a></li>
</ol>

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p></p>
<hr>

<h1>1. <a name="Introduction">Introduction</a></h1>

<p>The Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) enables Web sites to
express their privacy practices in a standard format that can be retrieved
automatically and interpreted easily by user agents. P3P user agents will
allow users to be informed of site practices (in both machine- and
human-readable formats) and to automate decision-making based on these
practices when appropriate. Thus users need not read the privacy policies at
every site they visit.</p>

<p>Although P3P provides a technical mechanism for ensuring that users can be
informed about privacy policies before they release personal information, it
does not provide a technical mechanism for making sure sites act according to
their policies. Products implementing this specification MAY provide some
assistance in that regard, but that is up to specific implementations and
outside the scope of this specification. However, P3P is complementary to laws
and self-regulatory programs that can provide enforcement mechanisms. In
addition, P3P does not include mechanisms for transferring data or for
securing personal data in transit or storage. P3P may be built into tools
designed to facilitate data transfer. These tools should include appropriate
security safeguards.</p>

<h2>1.1 <a name="P3P1.0">The P3P1.0 Specification</a></h2>

<p>The P3P1.0 specification defines the syntax and semantics of P3P privacy
policies, and the mechanisms for associating policies with Web resources. P3P
policies consist of statements made using the P3P <em>vocabulary</em> for
expressing privacy practices. P3P policies also reference elements of the P3P
<em><a href="#Base_Data_Schema">base data schema</a></em> -- a standard set of
data elements that all P3P user agents should be aware of. The P3P
specification includes a mechanism for defining new data elements and data
sets, and a simple mechanism that allows for extensions to the P3P
vocabulary.</p>

<h3><a name="goals_and_capabs">1.1.1 Goals and Capabilities of P3P1.0</a></h3>

<p>P3P version 1.0 is a protocol designed to inform Web users of the
data-collection practices of Web sites. It provides a way for a Web site to
encode its data-collection and data-use practices in a machine-readable XML
format known as a <em>P3P policy</em>. The P3P specification defines:</p>
<ul>
  <li>A standard schema for data a Web site may wish to collect, known as the
    "P3P base data schema"</li>
  <li>A standard set of uses, recipients, data categories, and other privacy
    disclosures</li>
  <li>An XML format for expressing a privacy policy</li>
  <li>A means of associating privacy policies with Web pages or sites, and
    cookies</li>
  <li>A mechanism for transporting P3P policies over HTTP</li>
</ul>

<p>The goal of P3P version 1.0 is twofold. First, it allows Web sites to
present their data-collection practices in a standardized, machine-readable,
easy-to-locate manner. Second, it enables Web users to understand what data
will be collected by sites they visit, how that data will be used, and what
data/uses they may "opt-out" of or "opt-in" to.</p>

<h3><a name="intro_example">1.1.2 Example of P3P in Use</a></h3>

<p>As an introduction to P3P, let us consider one common scenario that makes
use of P3P. Claudia has decided to check out a store called CatalogExample,
located at http://www.catalog.example.com/. Let us assume that CatalogExample
has placed P3P policies on all their pages, and that Claudia is using a Web
browser with P3P built in.</p>

<p>Claudia types the address for CatalogExample into her Web browser. Her
browser is able to automatically fetch the P3P policy for that page. The
policy states that the only data the site collects on its home page is the
data found in standard HTTP access logs. Now Claudia's Web browser checks this
policy against the preferences Claudia has given it. Is this policy acceptable
to her, or should she be notified? Let's assume that Claudia has told her
browser that this is acceptable. In this case, the homepage is displayed
normally, with no pop-up messages appearing. Perhaps her browser displays a
small icon somewhere along the edge of its window to tell her that a privacy
policy was given by the site, and that it matched her preferences.</p>

<p>Next, Claudia clicks on a link to the site's online catalog. The catalog
section of the site has some more complex software behind it. This software
uses cookies to implement a "shopping cart" feature. Since more information is
being gathered in this section of the Web site, the Web server provides a
separate P3P policy to cover this section of the site. Again, let's assume
that this policy matches Claudia's preferences, so she gets no pop-up
messages. Claudia continues and selects a few items she wishes to purchase.
Then she proceeds to the checkout page.</p>

<p>The checkout page of CatalogExample requires some additional information:
Claudia's name, address, credit card number, and telephone number. Another P3P
policy is available that describes the data that is collected here and states
that her data will be used only for completing the current transaction, her
order.</p>

<p>Claudia's browser examines this P3P policy. Imagine that Claudia has told
her browser that she wants to be warned whenever a site asks for her telephone
number. In this case, the browser will pop up a message saying that this Web
site is asking for her telephone number, and explaining the contents of the
P3P statement. Claudia can then decide if this is acceptable to her. If it is
acceptable, she can continue with her order; otherwise she can cancel the
transaction.</p>

<p>Alternatively, Claudia could have told her browser that she wanted to be
warned only if a site is asking for her telephone number and was going to give
it to third parties and/or use it for uses other than completing the current
transaction. In that case, she would have received no prompts from her browser
at all, and she could proceed with completing her order.</p>

<p>Note that this scenario describes one hypothetical implementation of P3P.
Other types of user interfaces are also possible.</p>

<h3>1.1.3 <a name="P3PPolicies">P3P Policies</a></h3>

<p>P3P policies use an XML with namespaces (cf. [<a href="#XML">XML</a>] and
[<a href="#XML-Name">XML-Name</a>]) encoding of the P3P vocabulary to provide
contact information for the legal entity making the representation of privacy
practices in a policy, enumerate the types of data or data elements collected,
and explain how the data will be used. In addition, policies identify the data
recipients, and make a variety of other disclosures including information
about dispute resolution, and the address of a site's human-readable privacy
policy. P3P policies must cover all relevant data elements and practices.
However, legal issues regarding law enforcement demands for information are
not addressed by this specification. It is possible that a site that otherwise
abides by its policy of not redistributing data to others may be required to
do so by force of law. P3P declarations are positive, meaning that sites state
what they do, rather than what they do not do. The P3P vocabulary is designed
to be descriptive of a site's practices rather than simply an indicator of
compliance with a particular law or code of conduct. However, user agents may
be developed that can test whether a site's practices are compliant with a law
or code.</p>

<p>P3P policies represent the practices of the site. Intermediaries such as
telecommunication providers, Internet service providers, proxies and others
may be privy to the exchange of data between a site and a user, but their
practices may not be governed by the site's policies. In addition, note that
each P3P policy is applied to specific Web resources (Web pages, images,
cookies, etc.) listed in a policy reference file. By placing one or more P3P
policies on a Web site, a company or organization does not make any statements
about the privacy practices associated with other Web resources not mentioned
in their policy reference file, with other online activities that do not
involve data collected on Web sites covered by their P3P policy, or with
offline activities that do not involve data collected on Web sites covered by
their P3P policy.</p>

<p>In cases where the P3P vocabulary is not precise enough to describe a Web
site's practices, sites should use the vocabulary terms that most closely
match their practices and provide further explanations (as stated in <a
href="#Policies">Section 3.2</a>). However, policies MUST NOT make false or
misleading statements.</p>

<h3>1.1.4 <a name="UserAgents">P3P User Agents</a></h3>

<p>P3P1.0 user agents can be built into Web browsers, browser plug-ins, or
proxy servers. They can also be implemented as Java applets or JavaScript; or
built into electronic wallets, automatic form-fillers, or other user data
management tools. P3P user agents look for references to a P3P policy at a
well-known location, in P3P headers in HTTP responses, and in P3P
<code>link</code> tags embedded in HTML content. These references indicate the
location of a relevant P3P policy. User agents can fetch the policy from the
indicated location, parse it, and display symbols, play sounds, or generate
user prompts that reflect a site's P3P privacy practices. They can also
compare P3P policies with privacy preferences set by the user and take
appropriate actions. P3P can perform a sort of "gate keeper" function for data
transfer mechanisms such as electronic wallets and automatic form fillers. A
P3P user agent integrated into one of these mechanisms would retrieve P3P
policies, compare them with user's preferences, and authorize the release of
data only if a) the policy is consistent with the user's preferences and b)
the requested data transfer is consistent with the policy. If one of these
conditions is not met, the user might be informed of the discrepancy and given
an opportunity to authorize the data release themselves.</p>

<p>The P3P1.0 Specification places few requirements on the user interfaces of
P3P user agents. Thus user agent implementers may each make their own choices
about what words and symbols to present to users to provide information about
a Web site's privacy policy. Implementers need not use the definitions found
in this specification verbatim in their user interfaces. They should, however,
make sure that whatever information they present to the user accurately
represents the P3P policies described, as per Appendix 7, "<a
href="#guiding_principles">P3P Guiding Principles</a>".</p>

<h3>1.1.5 <a name="Implementing">Implementing P3P1.0 on Servers</a></h3>

<p>Web sites can implement P3P1.0 on their servers by translating their
human-readable privacy policies into P3P syntax and then publishing the
resulting files along with a policy reference file that indicates the parts of
the site to which the policy applies. Automated tools can assist site
operators in performing this translation. P3P1.0 can be implemented on
existing HTTP/1.1-compliant Web servers without requiring additional or
upgraded software. Servers may publish their policy reference files at a <a
href="#Well_Known_Location">well-known location</a>, or they may reference
their P3P policy reference files in HTML/XHTML content using a
<code>link</code> tag. Alternatively, compatible servers may be configured to
insert a P3P extension header into all HTTP responses that indicates the
location of a site's P3P policy reference file.</p>

<p>Web sites have some flexibility in how they use P3P: they can opt for one
P3P policy for their entire site or they can designate different policies for
different parts of their sites. A P3P policy MUST cover all data generated or
exchanged as part of a site's HTTP interactions with visitors. In addition,
some sites may wish to write policies that cover all data an entity collects,
regardless of how the data is collected.</p>

<h3>1.1.6 <a name="Future">Future Versions of P3P</a></h3>

<p>Significant sections were removed from earlier drafts of the P3P1.0
specification in order to facilitate rapid implementation and deployment of a
P3P first step. A future version of the P3P specification might incorporate
those features after P3P1.0 is deployed. Such specification would likely
include improvements based on feedback from implementation and deployment
experience as well as four major components that were part of the original P3P
vision but not included in P3P1.0:</p>
<ul>
  <li>a mechanism to allow sites to offer a choice of P3P policies to
  visitors</li>
  <li>a mechanism to allow visitors (through their user agents) to explicitly
    agree to a P3P policy</li>
  <li>mechanisms to allow for non-repudiation of agreements between visitors
    and Web sites</li>
  <li>a mechanism to allow user agents to transfer user data to services</li>
</ul>

<h2>1.2 <a name="About">About this Specification</a></h2>

<p>This document, along with its normative references, includes all the
specification necessary for the implementation of interoperable P3P
applications.</p>

<p>The following key words are used throughout the document and have to be
read as interoperability requirements. This specification uses words as
defined in <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">RFC2119</a> [<a
href="#KEY">KEY</a>] for defining the significance of each particular
requirement. These words are:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>MUST or MUST NOT</dt>
    <dd>This word or the adjective "required" means that the item is an
      absolute requirement of the specification.</dd>
  <dt>SHOULD or SHOULD NOT</dt>
    <dd>This word or the adjective "rcommended" means that there may exist
      valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore this item, but the
      full implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
      before choosing a different course.</dd>
  <dt>MAY</dt>
    <dd>This word or the adjective "optional" means that this item is truly
      optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a particular
      marketplace requires it or because it enhances the product, for example;
      another vendor may omit the same item.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The P3P specification defines, with the exception of <a
href="#syntax_ext">section 2.2.2</a>, <a href="#syntax_link">section 2.2.3</a>
and <a href="#compact_policies">section 4</a>, an <em>XML with namespaces</em>
syntax (cf. [<a href="#XML">XML</a>] and [<a href="#XML-Name">XML-Name</a>]).
In the following, for the sake of brevity we will liberally talk about "XML",
meaning the more accurate "XML with namespaces".</p>

<p>A BNF-like notation is also used thorough the specification: the [<a
href="#ABNF">ABNF</a>] notation used in this specification is specified in <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2234.txt">RFC2234</a> and summarized in <a
href="#Appendix_Notation">Appendix 6</a>. However, note that in the case of
XML syntax, such ABNF syntax is only a grammar representative used to enhance
readability (lacking, for example, all the syntactic flexibilities that are
implicitly included in XML, e.g. whitespace rules, quoting using either single
quote (') or double quote ("), <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#dt-chardata">character escaping</a>,
comments, case sensitivity, order of attributes, namespace handling), and as
such it has no normative value. All the XML syntax defined in this
specification MUST conform to the XML Schema for P3P (see <a
href="#Appendix_schema">Appendix 4)</a>, which, together with the other
constraints expressed in this specification using natural
language, constitutes the <em>normative</em> definition.</p>

<p>The (non-normative) DTD provided in <a href="#DTD">Appendix 5</a> MAY be
used to verify that P3P files are valid. However, there are some valid files
that may be rejected if checked against the DTD due to their use of
namespaces.</p>

<p>As far as the non-XML syntax defined in this specification is concerned (<a
href="#syntax_ext">section 2.2.2</a> defining P3P's HTTP header, <a
href="#syntax_link">section 2.2.3</a> defining usage of P3P in HTML, and <a
href="#compact_policies">section 4</a> defining compact policies), instead,
the ABNF notation (together with the other constraints expressed in this
specification using natural language) constitutes the <em>normative</em>
definition.</p>

<h2>1.3 <a name="Terminology">Terminology</a></h2>
<dl>
  <dt><a name="character"><strong>Character</strong></a></dt>
    <dd>Strings consist of a sequence of zero or more characters, where a
      character is defined as in the XML Recommendation [<a
      href="#XML">XML</a>]. A single character in P3P thus corresponds to a
      single Unicode abstract character with a single corresponding Unicode
      scalar value (see [<a href="#UNICODE">UNICODE</a>]).</dd>
  <dt><a name="Data_Elements"><strong>Data Element</strong></a></dt>
    <dd>An individual data entity, such as last name or telephone number. For
      interoperability, P3P1.0 specifies a base set of data elements.</dd>
  <dt><a name="Data_Category"><strong>Data Category</strong></a></dt>
    <dd>A significant attribute of a <a href="#Data_Elements">data element</a>
      or <a href="#Data_Sets">data set</a> that may be used by a trust engine
      to determine what type of element is under discussion, such as physical
      contact information. P3P1.0 specifies a set of  <a
      href="#Categories">data categories</a>.</dd>
  <dt><a name="Data_Sets"><strong>Data Set</strong></a></dt>
    <dd>A known grouping of <a href="#Data_Elements">data elements</a>, such
      as "<a href="#Postal"><code>user.home-info.postal</code></a>". The
      P3P1.0 base data schema specifies a number of data sets.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Data Schema</strong></dt>
    <dd>A collection of data elements and sets defined using the P3P1.0
      <code>DATASCHEMA</code> element. P3P1.0 defines a standard data schema
      called the <em>P3P base data schema</em>.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Data Structure</strong></dt>
    <dd>A hierarchical description of a set of data elements. A data set can
      be described according to its data structure. P3P1.0 defines a set of
      basic datastructures that are used to describe the data sets in the P3P
      base data schema.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Equable Practice</strong></dt>
    <dd>A practice that is very similar to another in that the purpose and
      recipients are the same or more constrained than the original, and the
      other disclosures are not substantially different. For example, two
      sites with otherwise similar practices that follow different -- but
      similar -- sets of industry guidelines.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Identified Data</strong></dt>
    <dd>Data that reasonably can be used by the data collector to identify an
      individual.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Policy</strong></dt>
    <dd>A collection of one or more privacy statements together with
      information asserting the identity, URI, assurances, and dispute
      resolution procedures of the service covered by the policy.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Practice</strong></dt>
    <dd>The set of disclosures regarding data usage, including purpose,
      recipients, and other disclosures.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Preference</strong></dt>
    <dd>A rule, or set of rules, that determines what action(s) a user agent
      will take. A preference might be expressed as a formally defined
      computable statement (e.g., the [<a href="#APPEL">APPEL</a>] preference
      exchange language).</dd>
  <dt><strong>Purpose</strong></dt>
    <dd>The reason(s) for data collection and use.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Repository</strong></dt>
    <dd>A mechanism for storing user information under the control of the user
      agent.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Resource</strong></dt>
    <dd>A network data object or service that can be identified by a URI.
      Resources may be available in multiple representations (e.g. multiple
      languages, data formats, size, and resolutions) or vary in other
    ways.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Safe Zone</strong></dt>
    <dd>Part of a Web site where the service provider performs only minimal
      data collection, and any data that is collected is used only in ways
      that would not reasonably identify an individual.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Service</strong></dt>
    <dd>A program that issues policies and (possibly) data requests. By this
      definition, a service may be a server (site), a local application, a
      piece of locally active code, such as an ActiveX control or Java applet,
      or even another user agent. Typically, however, a service is usually a
      Web site. In this specification the terms "service" and "Web site" are
      often used interchangeably.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Service Provider (Data Controller, Legal Entity)</strong></dt>
    <dd>The person or legal entity which offers information, products or
      services from a Web site, collects information, and is responsible for
      the representations made in a practice statement.</dd>
  <dt><strong>Statement</strong></dt>
    <dd>A P3P statement is a set of privacy practice disclosures relevant to a
      collection of data elements.</dd>
  <dt><strong>URI</strong></dt>
    <dd>A Uniform Resource Identifier used to locate Web resources. For
      definitive information on <a href="#URI">URI</a> syntax and semantics,
      see [<a href="#URI">URI</a>]. URIs that appear within XML or HTML have
      to be treated as specified in [<a href="#CHARMODEL">CHARMODEL</a>],
      section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/#sec-URIs">Character
      Encoding in URI References</a>. This does not apply to URIs appearing in
      HTTP header fields; the URIs there should always be fully escaped.</dd>
  <dt><strong>User</strong></dt>
    <dd>An individual (or group of individuals acting as a single entity) on
      whose behalf a service is accessed and for which personal data exists.
      P3P policies describe the collection and use of personal data about this
      individual or group.</dd>
  <dt><strong>User Agent</strong></dt>
    <dd>A program whose purpose is to mediate interactions with services on
      behalf of the user under the user's preferences. A user may have more
      than one user agent, and agents need not reside on the user's desktop,
      but <em>any agent must be controlled by and act on behalf of only the
      user</em>. The trust relationship between a user and his or her agent
      may be governed by constraints outside of P3P. For instance, an agent
      may be trusted as a part of the user's operating system or Web client,
      or as a part of the terms and conditions of an ISP or privacy
    proxy.</dd>
</dl>

<h1><a name="Referencing">2. Referencing Policies</a></h1>

<h2><a name="overview_of_prfs">2.1 Overview and Purpose of Policy
References</a></h2>

<p>Locating a P3P policy is one of the first steps in the operation of the P3P
protocol. Services use policy references to state what policy applies to a
specific URI or set of URIs. User agents use policy references to locate the
privacy policy that applies to a Web resource, so that they can process that
policy for the benefit of their user.</p>

<p>Policy references are used extensively as a performance optimization. P3P
policies are typically several kilobytes of data, while a URI that references
a privacy policy is typically less than 100 bytes. In addition to the
bandwidth savings, policy references also reduce the need for computation:
policies can be uniquely associated with URIs, so that a user agent need only
parse and process a policy once rather than process it with every document to
which the policy applies. Furthermore, by placing the information about
relevant policies in a centralized location, Web site administration is
simplified.</p>

<p>A policy reference file is used to associate P3P policies with certain
regions of URI-space. The policy reference file is an XML with namespaces (see
[<a href="#XML">XML</a>] and [<a href="#XML-Name">XML-Name</a>]) file that can
specify the policy for a single Web document, portions of a Web site, or for
an entire site. The policy reference file may refer to one or more P3P
policies; this allows for a single reference file to cover an entire site,
even if different P3P policies apply to different portions of the site.The
policy reference file is used to make any or all of the following
statements:</p>
<ul>
  <li>The URI where a P3P policy is found</li>
  <li>The URIs or regions of URI-space covered by this policy</li>
  <li>The URIs or regions of URI-space not covered by this policy</li>
  <li>The regions of URI-space for embedded content on other servers that are
    covered by this policy</li>
  <li>The cookies that are or are not covered by this policy</li>
  <li>The access methods for which this policy is applicable</li>
  <li>The period of time for which these claims are considered to be
  valid</li>
</ul>

<p>All of these statements are made in the body of the policy reference
file.</p>

<h2><a name="ref_syntax">2.2 Locating Policy Reference Files</a></h2>

<p>This section describes the mechanisms used to indicate the location of a
policy reference file. Detailed syntax is also given for the supported
mechanisms.</p>

<p>The location of the policy reference file can be indicated using one of
four mechanisms. The policy reference file</p>
<ol>
  <li>may be located in a predefined <a
    href="#Well_Known_Location">"well-known" location</a>, or</li>
  <li>a document may indicate a policy reference file through an HTML
    <code>link</code> tag, or</li>
  <li>a document may indicate a policy reference file through an XHTML
    <code>link</code> tag, or</li>
  <li>through an HTTP header.</li>
</ol>

<p>Note that if user agents support retrieving HTML (resp. XHTML) content over
HTTP, they MUST handle mechanisms 1, 2 and 3 (resp. 4) listed above
interchangeably. See also the requirements for <a
href="#non-ambiguity">non-ambiguity</a>.</p>

<p>Policies are applied at the level of resources. A "page" from the user's
perspective may be composed of multiple HTTP resources; each may have its own
P3P policy associated with it. As a practical note, however, placing many
different P3P policies on different resources on a single page may make
rendering the page and informing the user of the relevant policies difficult
for user agents. Additionally, services are recommended to attempt to craft
their policy reference files such that a single policy reference file covers
any given "page"; this will speed up the user's browsing experience.</p>

<p>For a user agent to process the policy that applies to a given resource, it
must locate the policy reference file for that resource, fetch the policy
reference file, parse the policy reference file, fetch any required P3P
policies, and then parse the P3P policy or policies.</p>

<p>This document does not specify how P3P policies may be associated with Web
resources retrieved by means other than HTTP. However, it does not preclude
future development of mechanisms for associating P3P policies with resources
retrieved using other protocols. Furthermore, additional methods of
associating P3P policies with HTTP resources may be developed in the
future.</p>

<h3><a name="Well_Known_Location">2.2.1 Well-Known Location</a></h3>

<p>Web sites using P3P MAY (and, are strongly encouraged to) place a policy
reference file in a "well-known" location. To do this, a policy reference file
would be made available on the site at the path <code>/w3c/p3p.xml</code>.</p>

<p>Note that sites are not required to use this mechanism; however, by using
this mechanism, sites can ensure that their P3P policy will be accessible to
user agents before any other resources are requested from the site. This will
reduce the need for user agents to access the site using safe zone practices.
Additionally, if a site chooses to use this mechanism, the policy reference
file located in the well-known location is not required to cover the entire
site. For example, sites where not all of the content is under the control of
a single organization MAY choose not to use this mechanism, or MAY choose to
post a policy reference file which covers only a limited portion of the
site.</p>

<p>Use of the well-known location for a policy reference file does not
preclude use of other mechanisms for specifying a policy reference file.
Portions of the site MAY use any of the other supported mechanisms to specify
a policy reference file, so long as the <a href="#non-ambiguity">non-ambiguity
requirements</a> are met.</p>

<p>For example, imagine a shopping-mall Web site run by the MallExample
company. On their Web site (<code>mall.example.com</code>), companies offering
goods or services at the mall would get a company-specific subtree of the
site, perhaps in the path <code>/companies/<em>company-name</em></code>. The
MallExample company may choose to put a policy reference file in the
well-known location which covers all of their site except the
<code>/companies</code> subtree. Then if the ShoeStoreExample company has some
content in <code>/companies/shoestoreexample</code>, they could use one of the
other mechanisms to indicate the location of a policy reference file covering
their portion of the <code>mall.example.com</code> site.</p>

<p>One case where using the well-known location for policy reference files is
expected to be particularly useful is in the case of a site which has divided
its content across several hosts. For example, consider a site which uses a
different logical host for all of its Web-based applications than for its
static HTML content. The other mechanisms allowed for specifying the location
of a policy reference file require that some URI on the host being accessed
must be fetched to locate the policy reference file. However, the well-known
location mechanism has no such requirement. Consider the example of an HTML
form located on <code>www.example.com</code>. Imagine that the action URI on
that form points to server <code>cgi.example.com</code>. The policy reference
file that covers the form is unable to make any statements about the action
URI that processes the form. However, the site administrator publishes a
policy reference file at <code>http://cgi.example.com/w3c/p3p.xml</code> that
covers the action URI, thus enabling a user agent to easily locate the P3P
policy that applies to the action URI before submitting the form contents.</p>

<h3><a name="syntax_ext">2.2.2 HTTP Headers</a></h3>

<p>Any document retrieved by HTTP MAY point to a policy reference file through
the use of a new response header, the <code>P3P</code> header ([<a
href="#P3P-HEADER">P3P-HEADER</a>]). If a site is using P3P headers, it SHOULD
include this on responses for all appropriate request methods, including
<code>HEAD</code> and <code>OPTIONS</code> requests.</p>

<p>The P3P header gives one or more comma-separated directives. The syntax
follows:</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[1]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>p3p-header</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`P3P: ` p3p-header-field *(`,` p3p-header-field)</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[2]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>p3p-header-field</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>policy-ref-field | compact-policy-field | extension-field</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[3]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>policy-ref-field</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`policyref="` URI-reference `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[4]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>extension-field</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>token
[`=` (token | quoted-string) ]</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4">Here, <code>URI-reference</code> is defined
        as per <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> [<a
        href="#URI">URI</a>], <code>token</code> and
        <code>quoted-string</code> are defined by [<a
        href="#HTTP1_1_ref">HTTP1.1</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>In keeping with the rules for other HTTP headers, the name of the P3P
header may be written with any casing. The contents should be specified using
the casing precisely as specified in this document.</p>

<p>The <code>policyref</code> directive gives a URI which specifies the
location of a policy reference file which may reference the P3P policy
covering the document that pointed to the reference file, and possibly others
as well. When the <code>policyref</code> attribute is a relative URI, that URI
is interpreted relative to the request URI. Note that fetching the URI given
in the <code>policyref</code> directive MAY result in a 300-class HTTP return
code (redirection); user agents MUST interpret those redirects with normal
HTTP semantics. Services should note, of course, that use of redirects will
increase the time required for user agents to find and interpret their
policies. The <code>policyref</code> URI MUST NOT be used for any other
purpose beyond locating and referencing P3P policies.</p>

<p>The <code>compact-policy-field</code> is used to specify "compact
policies". This is described in <a href="#compact_policies">Section 4</a>.</p>

<p>User agents which find unrecognized directives (in the
<code>extension-field</code>s) MUST ignore the unrecognized directives. This
is to allow easier deployment of future versions of P3P.</p>

<p><strong><a name="example_header">Example 2.1:</a></strong></p>

<p>1. Client makes a <code>GET</code> request.</p>
<pre class="sample">GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: catalog.example.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: de, en
User-Agent: WonderBrowser/5.2 (RT-11)</pre>

<p>2. Server returns content and the <code>P3P</code> header pointing to the
policy of the resource.</p>
<pre class="sample">HTTP/1.1 200 OK
P3P: policyref="http://catalog.example.com/P3P/PolicyReferences.xml"
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 7413
Server: CC-Galaxy/1.3.18</pre>

<h3><a name="syntax_link">2.2.3 The HTML <code>link</code> Tag</a></h3>

<p>Servers MAY serve HTML content with embedded <code>link</code> tags (cf.
[<a href="#HTML">HTML</a>]) that indicate the location of the relevant P3P
policy reference file. This use of P3P does not require any change in the
server behavior.</p>

<p>The <code>link</code> tag encodes the policy reference information that
could be expressed using the <code>P3P</code> header. The <code>link</code>
tag takes the following form (here, we just produce one possible ABNF format
for the link tag, and suppose the [<a href="#HTML">HTML</a>] syntax rules can
be used when using such a tag into an HTML file):</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[5]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>p3p-link-tag</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`&lt;link rel="P3Pv1" href="` URI `"&gt;`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, <code>URI</code> is defined as per <a
        href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> [<a
        href="#URI">URI</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>When the <code>href</code> attribute is a relative URI, that URI is
interpreted relative to the request URI.</p>

<p>In order to illustrate with an example the use of the <code>link</code>
tag, we consider the policy reference expressed in <a
href="#example_header">Example 2.1</a> using HTTP headers. That example can be
equivalently expressed using the link tag with the following piece of
HTML:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;link rel="P3Pv1"
    href="http://catalog.example.com/P3P/PolicyReferences.xml"&gt;</pre>

<p>Finally, note that since the <code>p3p-link-tag</code> is embedded in an
HTML document, its character encoding will be the same as that of the HTML
document. In contrast to P3P policy and policy reference documents (see <a
href="#ref_file">section 2.3 </a>and <a href="#P3P_markup">section 3</a>
below), the <code>p3p-link-tag</code> need not be encoded using [<a
href="#UTF-8">UTF-8</a>]. Note also that the <code>link</code> tag is not case
sensitive.</p>

<h3><a name="XHTML-link">2.2.4 The XHTML <code>link</code> tag</a></h3>

<p>Correspondingly to the HTML <code>link</code> tag, P3P also supports XHTML
(cf. [<a href="#XHTML-MOD">XHTML-MOD</a>]). Servers MAY serve XHTML content
that, using the <em>XHTML Link Module</em> (cf. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_linkmodule">Section
5.19</a> of [<a href="#XHTML-MOD">XHTML-MOD</a>]), indicates the location of
the relevant P3P policy reference file with an embedded XHTML
<code>link</code> tag. Like in the HTML case, an XHTML <code>link</code> tag
can be used to encode the policy reference information that could be expressed
using the <code>P3P</code> header, by:</p>
<ul>
  <li>setting its <code>rel</code> attribute to "<code>P3Pv1</code>"</li>
  <li>setting its <code>href</code> attribute to the URI of the relevant P3P
    policy reference file</li>
</ul>

<h3><a name="other_protocols">2.2.5 HTTP ports and other protocols</a></h3>

<p>The mechanisms described here MAY be used for HTTP transactions over any
underlying protocol. This includes plain-text HTTP over TCP/IP connections or
encrypted HTTP over SSL connections, as well as HTTP over any other
communications protocol designers wish to implement.</p>

<p>URIs MAY contain network port numbers, as specified in <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> [<a
href="#URI">URI</a>]. For the purposes of P3P, different ports on a single
host MUST be considered to be separate "sites". Thus, for example, the policy
reference file at the well-known location for www.example.com on port 80
(http://www.example.com/w3c/p3p.xml) would not give any information about the
policies which apply to www.example.com when accessed over SSL (as the SSL
communication would take place on a different port, 443 by default).</p>

<p>This document does not specify how P3P policies may be associated with
resources retrieved by means other than HTTP. However, it does not preclude
future development of mechanisms for associating P3P policies with resources
retrieved over other protocols. Furthermore, additional methods of associating
P3P policies with resources retrieved using HTTP may be developed in the
future.</p>

<h2><a name="ref_file">2.3 Policy Reference File Syntax and Semantics</a></h2>

<p>This section explains the contents of policy reference files in detail.</p>

<h3><a name="ref_file_example">2.3.1 Example Policy Reference File</a></h3>

<p>Consider the case of a Web site wishing to make the following
statements:</p>
<ol>
  <li>P3P policy <code>/P3P/Policies.xml#first</code> applies to the entire
    site, except resources whose paths begin with <code>/catalog</code>,
    <code>/cgi-bin</code>, or <code>/servlet</code>.</li>
  <li>P3P policy <code>/P3P/Policies.xml#second</code> applies to all
    resources whose paths begin with <code>/catalog</code>.</li>
  <li>P3P policy <code>/P3P/Policies.xml#third</code> applies to all resources
    whose paths begin with <code>/cgi-bin</code> or <code>/servlet</code>,
    except for <code>/servlet/unknown</code>.</li>
  <li>No statement is made about what P3P policy applies to
    <code>/servlet/unknown</code>.</li>
  <li>These statements are valid for 2 days.</li>
</ol>

<p>These statements can be represented by the following XML:</p>

<p><strong><a name="example_prf">Example 2.2:</a></strong></p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;META xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
 &lt;POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
  &lt;EXPIRY max-age="172800"/&gt;

    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#first"&gt;
      &lt;INCLUDE&gt;/*&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;
      &lt;EXCLUDE&gt;/catalog/*&lt;/EXCLUDE&gt;
      &lt;EXCLUDE&gt;/cgi-bin/*&lt;/EXCLUDE&gt;
      &lt;EXCLUDE&gt;/servlet/*&lt;/EXCLUDE&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;

    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#second"&gt;
      &lt;INCLUDE&gt;/catalog/*&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;

    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#third"&gt;
      &lt;INCLUDE&gt;/cgi-bin/*&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;
      &lt;INCLUDE&gt;/servlet/*&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;
      &lt;EXCLUDE&gt;/servlet/unknown&lt;/EXCLUDE&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;

 &lt;/POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
&lt;/META&gt;</pre>

<p>Note this example also includes via <code><a
href="#the_expiry_element">EXPIRY</a></code> a relative expiry time in the
document (cf. <a href="#the_expiry_element">Section 2.3.2.3.2</a>).</p>

<h3><a name="ref_file_syntax">2.3.2 Policy Reference File Definition</a></h3>

<p>This section defines the syntax and semantics of P3P policy reference
files. All policy reference files MUST be encoded using [<a
href="#UTF-8">UTF-8</a>]. P3P servers MUST encode their policy reference files
using this syntax.</p>

<h4><a name="ref_file_processing">2.3.2.1 Policy reference file
processing</a></h4>

<h5><a name="ref_file_ordering">2.3.2.1.1 Significance of order</a></h5>

<p>A policy reference file has the <code>META</code> element as root. It may
contain multiple <code>POLICY-REF</code> elements. If it does contain more
than one element, they MUST be processed by user agents in the order given in
the file. When a user agent is attempting to determine what policy applies to
a given URI, it MUST use the first <code>POLICY-REF</code> element in the
policy reference file which applies to that URI.</p>

<p>Note that each <code>POLICY-REF</code> may contain multiple
<code>INCLUDE</code>, <code>EXCLUDE</code>, <code>METHOD</code>,
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code>, and <code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE </code>elements and that
all of these elements within a given <code>POLICY-REF</code> MUST be
considered together to determine whether the <code>POLICY-REF</code> applies
to a given URI. Thus, it is not sufficient to find an <code>INCLUDE</code>
element that matches a given URI, as <code>EXCLUDE</code> or
<code>METHOD</code> elements may serve as modifiers that cause the
<code>POLICY-REF</code> not to match.</p>

<h5><a name="ref_file_wildcards">2.3.2.1.2 Wildcards in policy reference
files</a></h5>

<p>Policy reference files make statements about what policy applies to a given
URI. Policy reference files support a simple wildcard character to allow
making statements about regions of URI-space. The character asterisk
('<code>*</code>') is used to represent a sequence of 0 or more of any
character. No other special characters (such as those found in regular
expressions) are supported.</p>

<p>Note that since the asterisk is also a legal character in URIs ([<a
href="#URI">URI</a>]), some special conventions have to be followed when
encoding such "extended URIs" in a policy reference file:</p>
<ul>
  <li>URIs represented in policy reference files MUST be properly escaped, as
    described in [<a href="#URI">URI</a>], <em>except</em>:
    <ul>
      <li>Literal '<code>*</code>'s in URIs MUST be escaped in policy
        reference files (i.e., they MUST be represented as
        "<code>%2A</code>"). Any '<code>*</code>' present in a URI within a
        policy reference file will be taken as representing the asterisk
        wildcard character.</li>
      <li>Consequently, P3P user agents MUST properly un-escape a URI given in
        a policy reference file, according to [<a href="#URI">URI</a>], before
        trying to match it against an internally represented URI, but only
        after recognizing any literal '<code>*</code>' present as the asterisk
        wildcard character.</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

<p>URI escaping and unescaping is very much dependant on the actual scheme
used, and might even differ between individual components within a single
scheme, so no simple rule for which characters need to be escaped can be given
here. Please refer directly to [<a href="#URI">URI</a>] for details on the
standard escaping process. Note that P3P user agents MAY ignore any URI
pattern that does not conform to [<a href="#URI">URI</a>].</p>

<p>The wildcard character MAY be used in the <code>INCLUDE</code> and
<code>EXCLUDE</code> elements, in the <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> and
<code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> elements, and in the <code>HINT</code>
element.</p>

<h4><a name="ref_file_refs">2.3.2.2 The <code>META</code> and
<code>POLICY-REFERENCES</code> elements</a></h4>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;META&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>The <code>META</code> element contains a complete policy reference
      file. Optionally, one <code>POLICIES</code> element can follow.
      <code>META</code> can also contain one or more one or more <a
      href="#extension"><code>EXTENSION</code> elements</a> (cf. <a
      href="#extension">section 3.5</a>), as well as an <code>xml:lang</code>
      attribute (see <a href="#multiple">section 2.4.2</a>), to indicate the
      language in which its content is expressed.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;POLICY-REFERENCES</code>&gt;</strong></dt>
    <dd>This element MAY contain one or more <code>POLICY-REF</code> (policy
      reference) elements. It MAY also contain one <a
      href="#the_expiry_element"><code>EXPIRY</code> element</a> (indicating
      their expiration time), one or more <a href="#hints"><code>HINT</code>
      element</a>, and one or more <a href="#extension"><code>EXTENSION</code>
      element</a> (cf. <a href="#extension">section 3.5</a>).</dd>
</dl>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[6]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>prf</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`&lt;META xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"` [xml-lang] `&gt;`
*extension
policyrefs
[policies]
*extension
"&lt;/META&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[7]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>policyrefs</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;"
[expiry]
*policyref
*hint
*extension
"&lt;/POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here <code>PCDATA</code> is defined in [<a
        href="#XML">XML</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h4><a name="ref_file_lifetime">2.3.2.3 Policy reference file lifetimes and
the <code>EXPIRY</code> element</a></h4>

<h5><a name="motivation_and_mechanism">2.3.2.3.1 Motivation and
mechanism</a></h5>

<p>It is desirable for servers to inform user agents about how long they can
use the claims made in a policy reference file. By enabling clients to cache
the contents of a policy reference file, it reduces the time required to
process the privacy policy associated with a Web resource. This also reduces
load on the network. In addition, clients that don't have a valid policy
reference file for a URI will need to use <a href="#safezone">"safe zone"
practices</a> for their requests. If clients have policy reference files that
they know are still valid, then they can make more informed decisions on how
to proceed.</p>

<p>In order to achieve these benefits, policy reference files SHOULD contain
an <code>EXPIRY</code> element, which indicates the lifetime of the policy
reference file. If the policy reference file does not contain an
<code>EXPIRY</code> element, then it defaults to 24-hour lifetime.</p>

<p>The lifetime of a policy reference file tells user agents how long they can
rely on the claims made in the policy reference file. By setting the lifetime
of a policy reference file, the publishing site agrees that the policies
mentioned in the policy reference file are appropriate for the lifetime of the
policy reference file. For example, if a policy reference file has a lifetime
of 3 days, then a user agent need not reload that file for 3 days, and can
assume that the references made in that policy reference file are good for 3
days. All of the policy references made in a single policy reference file will
receive the same lifetime. The only way to specify different lifetimes for
different policy references is to use separate policy reference files.</p>

<p>The same mechanism used to indicate the lifetime of a policy reference file
is also used to indicate the lifetime of a P3P policy. Thus P3P
<code>POLICIES</code> elements SHOULD have an <code>EXPIRY</code> element
associated with them as well. This lifetime applies to all P3P policies
contained within that <code>POLICIES</code> element. If there is no
<code>EXPIRY</code> element associated with a P3P policy, then it defaults to
24-hour lifetime.</p>

<p>When picking a lifetime for policies and policy reference files, sites need
to pick a lifetime which balances two competing concerns. One concern is that
the lifetime ought to be long enough to allow user agents to receive
significant benefits from caching. The other concern is that the site would
like to be able to change their policy for new data collection without waiting
for an extremely long lifetime to expire. It is expected that lifetimes in the
range of 1-7 days would be a reasonable balance between these two competing
desires. Sites also need to remember the <a href="#policy_updates">policy
update requirements</a> when updating their policies.</p>

<p>When a policy reference file has expired, the information in the policy
reference file MUST NOT be used by a user agent until that user agent has
successfully revalidated the policy reference file, or has fetched a new copy
of the policy reference file.</p>

<p>Note that while user agents are not obligated to revalidate policy
reference files or policy files that have not expired, they MAY choose to
revalidate those files before their expiry period has passed in order to
reduce the need for using <a href="#safezone">"safe zone" practices</a>. A
valid P3P user agent implementation does not need to contain a cache for
policies and policy reference files, though the implementation will have
better performance if it does.</p>

<h5><a name="the_expiry_element">2.3.2.3.2 The <code>EXPIRY</code>
element</a></h5>

<p>The <code>EXPIRY</code> element can be used in a policy reference file
and/or in a <code>POLICIES</code> element to state how long the policy
reference file (or <a href="#Policies">policies</a>) remains valid. The expiry
is given as either an absolute expiry time, or a relative expiry time. An
absolute expiry time is a time, given in GMT, until which the policy reference
file (or <a href="#Policies">policies</a>) is valid. A relative expiry time
gives a number of seconds for which the policy reference file (or <a
href="#Policies">policies</a>) is valid. This expiry time is relative to the
time the policy reference file (or <a href="#Policies">policies</a>) was
requested or last revalidated by the client. This computation MUST be done
using the time of the original request or revalidation, and the current time,
with both times generated from the client's clock. Revalidation is defined in
section 13.3 of [<a href="#HTTP1_1_ref">HTTP1.1</a>].</p>

<p>The minimum amount of time for any relative expiry time is 24 hours, or
86400 seconds. Any relative expiration time shorter than 86400 seconds MUST be
treated as being equal to 86400 seconds in a client implementation. If a
client encounters an absolute expiration time that is in the past, it MUST act
as if NO policy reference file (or policy) is available. See section 2.4.7 "<a
href="#absence_of_prf">Absence of Policy Reference File</a>" for the required
procedure in such cases.</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[8]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>expiry</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;EXPIRY" (absdate|reldate) "/&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[9]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>absdate</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`date="` HTTP-date `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[10]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>reldate</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`max-age="` delta-seconds `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, HTTP-date is defined in section 3.3.1 of [<a
        href="#HTTP1_1_ref">HTTP1.1</a>], and delta-seconds is defined in
        section 3.3.2 of [<a href="#HTTP1_1_ref">HTTP1.1</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h5><a name="use_of_http_headers">2.3.2.3.3 Requesting Policies and Policy
Reference Files</a></h5>

<p>In a real-world network, there may be caches which will cache the contents
of policies and policy reference files. This is good for increasing the
overall network performance, but may have deleterious effects on the operation
of P3P if not used correctly. There are two specific concerns:</p>
<ol>
  <li>When a user agent receives a policy reference file (or policy), if it
    was served from a caching proxy (see e.g. [<a
    href="#CACHING">CACHING</a>]) the user agent needs to know how long the
    policy reference file or policy resided in the caching proxy. This time
    MUST be subtracted from the lifetime of the policy or policy reference
    file which uses relative expiry.</li>
  <li>When a user agent needs to revalidate a policy reference file (or
    policy), it needs to make sure that the revalidation fetches a current
    version of the policy reference file (or policy). For example, consider
    the case where a user agent holds a policy reference file with a 1 day
    relative expiry. If the user agent refetches it from a caching proxy, and
    the file has been residing in the caching proxy for 3 days, then the
    resulting file is useless.</li>
</ol>

<p>HTTP 1.1 [<a href="#HTTP1_1_ref">HTTP1.1</a>] contains powerful
cache-control mechanisms to allow clients to place requirements on the
operations of network caches; these mechanisms can resolve the problems
mentioned above. The specific method will be discussed below.</p>

<p>HTTP 1.0, however, does not provide those more sophisticated cache control
mechanisms. An HTTP 1.0 caching proxy will, in all likelihood, compute a cache
lifetime for the policy reference file (or policies) based on the file's
last-modified date; the resulting cache lifetime could be significantly longer
than the lifetime specified by the <code>EXPIRY</code> element. The caching
proxy could then serve the policy reference file (or policies) to clients
beyond the lifetime in the <code>EXPIRY</code>; the result would be that
user-agents would receive a useless policy reference file (or policies).</p>

<p>The second problem with an HTTP 1.0 caching proxy is that a user agent has
no way to know how long the reference file may have been stored by the caching
proxy. If the policy reference file (or policies) relies on relative expiry,
it would then be impossible for the user agent to determine if the reference
file's lifetime has already expired, or when it will expire.</p>

<p>Thus, if a user agent is requesting a policy reference file or a policy,
and does not know for certain that there are no HTTP 1.0 caches in the path to
the origin server, then the request MUST force an end-to-end revalidation.
This can be done with the <tt>Pragma: no-cache</tt> HTTP request-header. Note
that neither HTTP nor P3P define a way to determine if there is a HTTP
1.0-compliant cache in any given network path, so unless the user agent has
this information derived from an outside source, it MUST force the end-to-end
revalidation.</p>

<p>If the user agent has some way to know that all caches in the network path
to the origin server are compliant with HTTP 1.1 (or that there are no caches
in the network path to the origin server), then the client MAY do the
following instead of forcing an end-to-end revalidation:</p>
<ol>
  <li>Use cache-control request-headers to ensure that the received response
    is not older than its lifetime. This is done with the max-age
    cache-control setting, with a maximum age significantly less than the
    lifetime of the policy reference file (or policies). For example, a user
    agent could send Cache-Control: max-age=43200, thus ensuring that the
    response is no more than 12 hours old.</li>
  <li>Subtract the age of the response from the lifetime of the policy
    reference file (or policies), if it uses a relative expiry time. The age
    of the response is given by the Age: HTTP response-header.</li>
</ol>

<p>Note that it is impossible for a client to accurately predict the amount of
latency that may affect an HTTP request. Thus, if the policy reference file
covering a request is going to expire soon, clients MAY wish to consider
warning their users and/or revalidating the policy reference file before
continuing with the request.</p>

<h5><a name="error_handling">2.3.2.3.4 Error handling for policy reference
file and policy lifetimes</a></h5>

<p>The following situations have their semantics specifically defined:</p>
<ol>
  <li>An absolute expiry date in the past renders the policy reference file
    (or policies) useless, as does an invalid or malformed expiry date,
    whether relative or absolute. In this case, user agents MUST act as if NO
    policy reference file (or <a href="#Policies">policies</a>) is available.
    See section 2.4.7 "<a href="#absence_of_prf">Absence of Policy Reference
    File</a>" for the required procedure in such cases.</li>
  <li>A relative expiration time shorter than 86400 seconds (1 day) is
    considered to be equal to 86400 seconds.</li>
  <li>When a policy reference file contains more than one <code>EXPIRY</code>
    element, the first one takes precedence for determining the lifetime of
    the policy reference file.</li>
</ol>

<h4><a name="ref_file_policyref">2.3.2.4 The <code>POLICY-REF</code>
element</a></h4>

<p>A policy reference file may refer to multiple P3P policies, specifying
information about each. The <code>POLICY-REF</code> element describes
attributes of a single P3P policy. Elements within the <code>POLICY-REF</code>
element give the location of the policy and specify the areas of URI-space
(and cookies) that each policy covers.</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><strong>POLICY-REF</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>contains information about a single P3P policy.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>about</strong></code> <strong><em>(mandatory
  attribute)</em></strong></dt>
    <dd><em>URI reference</em> ([<a href="#URI">URI</a>]), where the fragment
      identifier part denotes the <em>name</em> of the policy (given in its
      <code>name</code> attribute), and the URI part denotes the URI where the
      policy resides (a policy file, or a policy reference file, see <a
      href="#Policies">Section 3.2</a>). If this is a relative URI reference,
      it is interpreted relative to the URI of the policy reference file it
      resides in.</dd>
</dl>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[11]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>policy-ref</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`&lt;POLICY-REF about="` URI-reference `"&gt;`
*include
*exclude
*cookie-include
*cookie-exclude
*method-element
*extension
`&lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, <code>URI-reference</code> is defined as per <a
        href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> [<a
        href="#URI">URI</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h4><a name="ref_file_preexc">2.3.2.5 The <code>INCLUDE</code> and
<code>EXCLUDE</code> elements</a></h4>

<p>Each <code>INCLUDE</code> or <code>EXCLUDE</code> element specifies one
local URI or set of local URIs. A set of URIs is specified if the <a
href="#ref_file_wildcards">wildcard character '*'</a> is used in the
URI-pattern. These elements are used to specify the portion of the Web site
that is covered by the policy referenced by the enclosing
<code>POLICY-REF</code> element.</p>

<p>When <code>INCLUDE</code> (and optionally, <code>EXCLUDE</code>) elements
are present in a <code>POLICY-REF</code> element, it means that the policy
specified in the <code>about</code> attribute of the <code>POLICY-REF</code>
element applies to all the URIs at the requested host corresponding to the
local-URI(s) matched by any of the <code>INCLUDE</code>s, but not matched by
an <code>EXCLUDE</code> element.</p>

<p>A policy referenced in a policy reference file can be applied only to URIs
on the DNS (Domain Name System) host that references it. Thus, for example, a
policy reference file at the well-known location of host www.example.com can
apply policies only to resources on www.example.com. However, if
foo.example.com includes a P3P HTTP header in its responses that references a
policy reference file on bar.example.com, that policy reference file would be
applied to resources on foo.example.com (not bar.example.com or
www.example.com). The same policy reference file might be referenced in P3P
HTTP headers sent by multiple hosts, in which case it may be applied to each
host that references it. The <code>INCLUDE</code> and <code>EXCLUDE</code>
elements MUST specify URI patterns relative to the root of the DNS host to
which they are applied. This requirement does NOT apply to the location of the
P3P policy file (the about attribute on the <code>POLICY-REF</code>
element).</p>

<p>If a <code>METHOD</code> element (<a href="#ref_file_method">section
2.3.2.8</a>) specifies one or more methods for an enclosing policy reference,
it follows that all methods <em>not</em> mentioned are consequently
<em>not</em> covered by this policy. In the case that this is the only policy
reference for a given URI prefix, user agents MUST assume that NO policy is in
effect for all methods NOT mentioned in the policy reference file. It is legal
but pointless to supply a <code>METHOD</code> element without any
<code>INCLUDE</code> or <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> elements.</p>

<p>It is legal, but pointless, to supply an <code>EXCLUDE</code> element
without any <code>INCLUDE</code> elements; in that case, the
<code>EXCLUDE</code> element MUST be ignored by user agents.</p>

<p>Note that the set of URIs specified with <code>INCLUDE</code> and
<code>EXCLUDE</code> does not include cookies that might be set or replayed
when requesting one of such URIs: in order to associate policies with cookies,
the <a href="#cookies"><code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> and
<code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code></a> elements are needed.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[12]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>include</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;INCLUDE&gt;" relativeURI "&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[13]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>exclude</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;EXCLUDE&gt;" relativeURI "&lt;/EXCLUDE&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, <code>relativeURI</code> is defined as per <a
        href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> [<a
        href="#URI">URI</a>], with the addition that the '<code>*</code>'
        character is to be treated as a wildcard, as defined in <a
        href="#ref_file_wildcards">section 2.3.2.1.2</a>.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h4><a name="hints">2.3.2.6 The <code>HINT</code> element</a></h4>

<p>Policy reference hints are a performance optimization that can be used
under certain conditions. A site may declare a policy reference for itself
using the well-known location, the P3P response header, or the HTML/XHTML
<code>link</code> tag. It MAY further provide a hint to additional policy
references, such as those declared by other sites.</p>

<p>For example, an HTML page might hint at policy references for its
hyperlinks, embedded content, and action URIs. User agents MAY use the hint
mechanism to discover policy reference files before requesting the affected
URIs when the policy references are not available from the well-known
location.</p>

<p>User agents which use hints to retrieve policies MUST NOT apply them to any
site other than the one which contains the hinted policy reference file.</p>

<p>Any policy reference file MAY contain zero or more policy reference hints.
Each hint is contained in a <code>HINT</code> element with two attributes,
<code>scope</code> and <code>path</code>.</p>

<p>The <code>scope</code> attribute is used to specify a URI scheme and
authority to which the hinted policy reference can be applied. If the
authority component (cf. [<a href="#URI">URI</a>]) is a server component
(e.g., a hostname or IP address) the host part of the authority MAY begin with
a <a href="#ref_file_wildcards">wildcard</a>, as defined in Section 2.3.2.1.2.
The <code>scope</code> attribute MUST NOT contain a wildcard in any other
position, MUST be encoded according to the conventions in Section 2.3.2.1.2,
and MUST NOT contain a path, query or fragment URI component.  Additionally,
if the authority is a server, it SHOULD NOT contain a userinfo part.</p>

<p>For example, legal values for <code>scope</code> include:</p>
<ul>
  <li><code>http://www.example.com</code></li>
  <li><code>http://www.example.com:81</code></li>
  <li><code>http://*.example.com</code></li>
  <li><code>ftp://ftp.example.org</code></li>
</ul>

<p>The following are illegal values for the <code>scope</code> attribute:</p>
<ul>
  <li><code>http://www.*.com        </code>; the wildcard can only be at the
    start</li>
  <li><code>http://www.example.com/  </code>; the trailing slash is not
    allowed</li>
  <li><code>www.example.com          </code>; the scheme must be stated</li>
  <li><code>*://www.example.com      </code>; the scheme cannot contain a
    wildcard</li>
  <li><code>http://www.example.com:*</code>; the port cannot contain a
    wildcard</li>
</ul>

<p>The <code>path</code> attribute is used to locate the policy reference file
on the hinted site. It is a relative URI whose base is the URI scheme and
authority matched in the <code>scope</code> attribute. The <code>path</code>
attribute MUST NOT be an absolute URI, so that the policy reference file is
always retrieved from the same site that it is applied to.</p>

<p><strong>Example 2.3:</strong></p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;HINT scope="http://www.example.org" path="/mypolicy/p3.xml" /&gt;
&lt;HINT scope="http://www.example.net:81" path="/w3c/prf.xml" /&gt;
&lt;HINT scope="http://*.shop.example.com" path="/w3c/prf.xml" /&gt;</pre>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[14]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>hint</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`&lt;HINT scope="` scheme ( `://` | `:/` ) authority `" path="` relativeURI `/&gt;`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, <code>scheme</code>, <code>authority</code> and
        <code>relativeURI</code> are taken from <a
        href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt">RFC 2965</a> [<a
        href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h4></h4>

<h4><a name="cookies">2.3.2.7 The <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> and
<code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> elements</a></h4>

<p>The <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> and <code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> elements
are used to associate policies to cookies (cf. [<a
href="#ref_COOKIES">COOKIES</a>] and [<a href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>]).</p>

<p>A cookie policy MUST cover any data (within the scope of P3P) that is
stored in that cookie or linked via that cookie. It MUST also reference all
purposes associated with data stored in that cookie or enabled by that cookie.
In addition, any data/purpose stored or linked via a cookie MUST also be put
in the cookie policy. In addition, if that linked data is collected by HTTP,
then the policy that covers that <code>GET</code>/<code>POST</code>/whatever
request must cover that data collection. For example, when CatalogExample asks
customers to fill out a form with their name, billing, and shipping
information, the P3P policy that covers the form submittal will disclose that
CatalogExample collects this data and explain how it is used. If
CatalogExample sets a cookie so that it can recognize its customers and
observe their behavior on its Web site, it would have a separate policy for
this cookie. However, if this cookie is also linked to the user's name,
billing, and shipping information -- perhaps so CatalogExample can generate
custom catalog pages based on where the customer lives -- then that data must
also be disclosed in the cookie policy.</p>

<p>For the purpose of this specification, state management mechanisms use
either <code>SET-COOKIE</code> or <code>SET-COOKIE2</code> headers, and
cookie-namespace is defined as the value of the NAME, VALUE, Domain and Path
attributes, specified in [<a href="#ref_COOKIES">COOKIES</a>] and [<a
href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>].</p>

<p>Each <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> or <code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> element can
be used to match (similarly to <code>INCLUDE</code> and <code>EXCLUDE</code>)
the NAME, VALUE, Domain and Path components of a cookie, expressing the
cookies which are covered by the policy specified by the <code>about</code>
attribute when the cookies are set from the resources on the Web site where
the policy reference file resides:</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><strong>COOKIE-INCLUDE</strong></code> (resp.
  <code><strong>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</strong></code>)</dt>
    <dd>include (resp. exclude) cookies that match the <code>name</code>,
      <code>value</code>, <code>domain</code> and <code>path</code>
    attributes</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>name</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>match the NAME portion of the cookie</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>value</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>match the VALUE portion of the cookie</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>domain</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>match the Domain portion of the cookie</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>path</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>match the Path portion of the cookie</dd>
</dl>

<p>If the value of the <code>domain</code> attribute is set to the dot
character ("<code>.</code>"), the domain will match only cookies that omit the
<code>domain</code> attribute (and thus have domain equivalent to the request
host as per <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt">RFC 2965</a> ([<a
href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>]).</p>

<p>Cookies that omit the path attribute have the default path of the request
URI that generated the set-cookie response as per <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt">RFC 2965</a> [<a
href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>]. The <code>path</code> attribute of a
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> should be matched against this default value if a
cookie omits the <code>path</code> attribute.</p>

<p>All four attributes are optional. If an attribute is absent, the
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> (resp. <code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code>) will match
cookies that have that attribute set to any value.</p>

<p>When <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> (and optionally,
<code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code>) elements are present in a <code>POLICY-REF</code>
element, the policy specified in the <code>about</code> attribute of the
<code>POLICY-REF</code> element applies to every cookie that  is matched by
any <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code>'s, and not matched by a
<code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> element.</p>

<p>User agents MUST interpret <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> and
<code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> elements in a policy reference file to determine
the policy that applies to cookies set by or replayed to the host to which the
policy reference file applies. While the domain attribute of a
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> may match more broadly (for example, if the domain
attribute is omitted it defaults to matching any domain value), user agents
MUST limit their application of the policy to domains that could be legally
used in a cookie set by the host to which the policy reference file applies.
For example, if abc.xyz.example.com declares a policyref with
<code>&lt;COOKIE-INCLUDE domain="*.xyz.*ple.com"/&gt;</code>, this would be
matched to cookies with domains such as .abc.xyz.example.com and
.xyz.example.com, but not .example.com or .xyz.sample.com.</p>

<p>A P3P policy can be associated with a cookie by the host that set that
cookie as well as by any or all of the hosts to which it might be replayed. A
user agent MAY fetch a cookie policy at the time a cookie is set and apply it
later when the cookie is replayed, perhaps to other hosts in the domain. A
user agent MAY request a policy reference file from a host before replaying a
cookie to that host, and if the policy reference file contains an appropriate
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code>, a policy will be applied to that cookie even if
the cookie was not set by that host. Any host to which the cookie may be
replayed MUST be able to honor all the policies associated with the cookie,
regardless of whether that host declares a policy for that cookie. Thus sites
that set cookies that may be replayed to multiple hosts within a domain need
to coordinate to make sure all the hosts can follow the declared policy. In
addition, sites should be cautious with their use of wildcards to make sure
that they do not inadvertently apply a policy to cookies to which it should
not be applied (including previously set cookies that are still in use and
cookies set by other hosts in the domain).</p>

<p>The policy that applies to a cookie applies until the policy expires, even
if the associated policy reference file expires prior to policy expiry (but
after the cookie was set). If the policy associated with a cookie has expired,
then the user agent SHOULD reevaluate the cookie policy before sending the
cookie. In addition, user agents MUST use only non-expired policies and policy
reference files when evaluating new set-cookie events.</p>

<p>Example 2.4 states that <code>/P3P/Policies.xml#first</code> applies to all
cookies.</p>

<p><strong>Example 2.4:</strong></p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;META xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
 &lt;POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#first"&gt;
       &lt;COOKIE-INCLUDE name="*" value="*" domain="*" path="*"/&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;
 &lt;/POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
&lt;/META&gt;</pre>

<p>Example 2.5 states that <code>/P3P/Policies.xml#first</code> applies to all
cookies, except cookies with the cookie name value of
 "<code>obnoxious-cookie</code>", a domain value of
"<code>.example.com</code>", and a path value of "<code>/</code>", and that
<code>/P3P/Policies.xml#second</code> applies to all cookies with the cookie
name of "<code>obnoxious-cookie</code>", a domain value of
"<code>.example.com</code>", and a path value of "<code>/</code>".</p>

<p><strong>Example 2.5:</strong></p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;META xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
 &lt;POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#first"&gt;
       &lt;COOKIE-INCLUDE name="*" value="*" domain="*" path="*"/&gt;
       &lt;COOKIE-EXCLUDE name="obnoxious-cookie" value="*" domain=".example.com" path="/"/&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;
    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#second"&gt;
       &lt;COOKIE-INCLUDE name="obnoxious-cookie" value="*" domain=".example.com" path="/"/&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;
 &lt;/POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
&lt;/META&gt;</pre>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[15]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>cookie-include</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;COOKIE-INCLUDE"
   [` name="` token `"`]   ; matches the cookie's NAME
   [` value="` token `"`]  ; matches the cookie's VALUE
   [` domain="` token `"`] ; matches the cookie's Domain
   [` path="` token `"`]   ; matches the cookie's Path
"/&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[16]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>cookie-exclude</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;COOKIE-EXCLUDE"
   [` name="` token `"`]   ; matches the cookie's NAME
   [` value="` token `"`]  ; matches the cookie's VALUE
   [` domain="` token `"`] ; matches the cookie's Domain
   [` path="` token `"`]   ; matches the cookie's Path
"/&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, <code>token</code>, <code>NAME</code>,
        <code>VALUE</code>, <code>Domain</code> and <code>Path</code> are
        defined as per <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt">RFC
        2965</a> [<a href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>], with the addition that the
        '<code>*</code>' character is to be treated as a wildcard, as defined
        in <a href="#ref_file_wildcards">section 2.3.2.1.2</a>.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Note that [<a href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>] states default values for the
domain and path attributes of cookies: these should be used in the comparison
if those attributes are not found in a specific cookie. Also, conforming to
[<a href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>], if an explicitly specified
<code>Domain</code> value does not start with a full stop ("<code>.</code>"),
the user agent MUST prepend a full stop for it; and, note that every
<code>Path</code> begins with the "<code>/</code>" character.</p>

<h4><a name="ref_file_method">2.3.2.8 The <code>METHOD</code> element</a></h4>

<p>By default, a policy reference applies to the stated URIs regardless of the
method used to access the resource. However, a Web site may wish to define
different P3P policies depending on the method to be applied to a resource.
For example, a site may wish to collect more data from users when they are
performing <code>PUT</code> or <code>DELETE</code> methods than when
performing <code>GET</code> methods.</p>

<p>The <code>METHOD</code> element in a policy reference file is used to state
that the enclosing policy reference only applies when the specified methods
are used to access the referenced resources. The <code>METHOD</code> element
may be repeated to indicate multiple applicable methods. If the
<code>METHOD</code> element is not present in a <code>POLICY-REF</code>
element, then that <code>POLICY-REF</code> element covers the resources
indicated regardless of the method used to access them.</p>

<p>So, to state that <code>/P3P/Policies.xml#first</code> applies to all
resources whose paths begin with <code>/docs/</code> for <code>GET</code> and
<code>HEAD</code> methods, while <code>/P3P/Policies.xml#second</code> applies
for <code>PUT</code> and <code>DELETE</code> methods, the following policy
reference would be written:</p>

<p><strong>Example 2.6:</strong></p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;META xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
 &lt;POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#first"&gt;
      &lt;INCLUDE&gt;/docs/*&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;
      &lt;METHOD&gt;GET&lt;/METHOD&gt;
      &lt;METHOD&gt;HEAD&lt;/METHOD&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;
    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/P3P/Policies.xml#second"&gt;
      &lt;INCLUDE&gt;/docs/*&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;
      &lt;METHOD&gt;PUT&lt;/METHOD&gt;
      &lt;METHOD&gt;DELETE&lt;/METHOD&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;
 &lt;/POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
&lt;/META&gt;</pre>

<p>Note that HTTP requires the same behavior for <code>GET</code> and
<code>HEAD</code> requests, thus it is inappropriate to specify different P3P
policies for these methods. The syntax for the <code>METHOD</code> element
is:</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[17]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>method-element</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`&lt;METHOD&gt;` Method `&lt;/METHOD&gt;`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, <code>Method</code> is defined in the section
        5.1.1 of [<a href="#HTTP1_1_ref">HTTP1.1</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Finally, note that the <code>METHOD</code> element is designed to be used
in conjunction with <code>INCLUDE</code> or <code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code>
elements. A <code>METHOD</code> element by itself will never apply a
<code>POLICY-REF</code> to a URI.</p>

<h3><a name="active_content">2.3.3 Applying a Policy to a URI</a></h3>

<p>A policy reference file specifies the policy which applies to a given URI.
In other words, the indicated policy describes all effects of dereferencing
the given URI (in some cases, with the appropriately specified
<code>METHOD</code>).</p>

<p>There is a general rule which describes what it means for a P3P policy to
cover a URI: <i>the referenced policy MUST cover actions that the user's
client software is expected to perform as a result of requesting that URI</i>.
Obviously, the policy must describe all data collection performed by site as a
result of processing the request for the URI. Thus, if a given URI is covered
for terms of <code>GET</code> requests, then the policy given by the policy
reference file MUST describe all data collection performed by the site when
that URI is dereferenced. Likewise, if a URI is covered for <code>POST</code>
requests, then any data collection that occurs as a result of POSTing a form
or other content to that URI MUST be described by the policy.</p>

<p>The concept of "actions that the client software is expected to perform"
includes the setting of client-side cookies or other state-management
mechanisms invoked by the response. If executable code is returned when a URI
is requested, then the P3P policy covering that URI MUST cover certain actions
which will occur when that code is executed. The covered actions are any
actions which could take place without the user explicitly invoking them. If
explicit user action causes data to be collected, then the P3P policy covering
the URI for that action would disclose that data collection.</p>

<p>Some specific examples:</p>
<ol>
  <li>Fetching a URI returns an HTML page which contains a form, and the form
    contents are sent to a second URI when the user clicks a "Submit" button.
    The P3P policy covering the second URI MUST disclose all data collected by
    the form. The P3P policy covering the first URI (the URI the form was
    loaded from) MAY or MAY NOT disclose any of the data that will be
    collected on the form.</li>
  <li>An HTML page includes JavaScript code which tracks how long the page is
    displayed and whether the user moved the mouse over a certain object on
    the page; when the page is unloaded, the JavaScript code sends that
    information to the server where the HTML page originated. The activity of
    the JavaScript code MUST be covered by the P3P policy of the HTML page.
    The reasoning is that this activity takes place without the user's
    knowledge or consent, and it occurs automatically as a result of loading
    the page.</li>
  <li>A resource returns an executable for an electronic mail program. In
    order to use the email program, the user must run an installation program,
    start the email program, and use its facilities. The P3P policy covering
    URI from where the email program was downloaded is not required to make a
    statement about the data which could be collected by using the email
    program. Installing and running the email program is clearly outside the
    Web browsing experience, so it is not covered by this specification. A
    separate protocol could be designed to allow downloaded applications to
    present a P3P policy, but this is outside the scope of this
  specification.</li>
  <li>An HTML page containing a form includes a reference to an executable
    which provides a custom client-side control. The data in the control is
    submitted to a site when the form is submitted. In this case, the URI for
    the HTML page and the URI for the custom control is not required to make a
    statement about the data the custom control represents. However, the URI
    to which the form contents are posted MUST cover the data from the custom
    control, just as it would cover any other data collected by processing the
    form. This behavior is similar to the way HTML forms are handled when they
    use only standard HTML controls: the control itself collects no data, and
    the data is collected when the form is posted. Note that this example
    assumes that the form is only posted when the user actively presses a
    "submit" or similar button. If the form were posted automatically (for
    example, by some JavaScript code in the page), then this example would be
    similar to example #2, and the data collected by the form MUST be
    described in the P3P policy which covers the HTML form.</li>
  <li>Requests to a URI are redirected to a third party. If the first party
    embeds previously collected personal data in the query string or other
    part of the redirect URI, the privacy policy for the first party's URI
    MUST describe the types of data transmitted and include the third party as
    a recipient.</li>
</ol>

<h3>2.3.4 <a name="forms">Forms and Related Mechanisms</a></h3>

<p>Forms deserve special consideration, as they often link to CGI scripts or
other server-side applications in their action URIs (the <em>action URI
</em>is the URI given in the action attribute of the HTML
<code>&lt;FORM&gt;</code> element, as defined in section 17.3 of [<a
href="#HTML">HTML</a>]). It is often the case that those action URIs are
covered by a different policy than the form itself.</p>

<p>If a user agent is unable to find a matching include-rule for a given
action URI in the policy reference file that was referenced from the page, it
SHOULD assume that <em>no</em> policy is in effect. Under these circumstances,
user agents SHOULD check the <a href="#Well_Known_Location">well-known
location</a> on the host of the action URI to attempt to find a policy
reference file that covers the action URI. If this does not provide a P3P
policy to cover the action URI, then a user agent MAY try to retrieve the
policy reference file by using the <a href="#hints"><code>HINT</code>
mechanism</a> on the action URI, and/or by issuing a <code>HEAD</code> request
to the action URI before actually submitting any data in order to find the
policy in effect. Services SHOULD ensure that server-side applications can
properly respond to such <code>HEAD</code> requests and return the
corresponding policy reference link in the headers. In case the underlying
application does not understand the <code>HEAD</code> request and <em>no</em>
policy has been predeclared for the action URI in question, user agents MUST
assume that <em>no</em> policy is in effect and SHOULD inform the user about
this or take the corresponding actions according to the user's
preferences.</p>

<p>Note that services might want to make use of the
<code>&lt;METHOD&gt;</code> element in order to declare policies for
server-side applications that only cover a subset of supported methods, e.g.,
<code>POST</code> or <code>GET</code>. Under such circumstances, it is
acceptable that the application in question only supports the methods given in
the policy reference file (e.g., <code>PUT</code> requests need not be
supported). User agents SHOULD NOT attempt to issue a <code>HEAD</code>
request to an action URI if the relevant methods specified in the form's
<code>method</code> attribute have been properly predeclared in the page's
policy reference file.</p>

<p>In some cases, <em>different</em> data is collected at the <em>same</em>
action URI depending on some selection in the form. For example, a search
service might offer to both search for people (by name and/or email) and
(arbitrary) images. Using a set of radio buttons on the form, a single
server-side application located at one and the same action URI handles both
cases and collects the required information necessary for the search. If a
service wants to predeclare the data collection practices of the server-side
application it MAY declare <em>all</em> of the data collection practices in a
<em>single</em> policy file (using a <code>&lt;INCLUDE&gt;</code> declaration
matching the action URI). In this case, user agents MUST assume that all data
elements are collected under every circumstance. This solution offers the
convenience of a single policy but might not properly reflect the fact that
only parts of the listed data elements are collected at a time. Services
SHOULD make sure that a simple <code>HEAD</code> request to the action URI
(i.e., without any arguments, especially without the value of the selected
radio button) will return a policy that covers all cases.</p>

<p>Note that if a form is handled through use of the <code>GET</code> method,
then the action URI reflects the choice of form elements selected by the user.
In some cases, it will be possible to make use of the wildcard syntax allowed
in policy reference files to specify different policies for different uses of
the same form action-handler URI. Therefore, user agents MUST include the
query-string portion of URIs when making comparisons with <code>INCLUDE</code>
and <code>EXCLUDE</code> elements in policy reference files.</p>

<h2><a name="additional_requirements">2.4 Additional Requirements</a></h2>

<h3><a name="non-ambiguity">2.4.1 Non-ambiguity</a></h3>

<p>User agents need to be able to determine unambiguously what policy applies
to a given URI. Therefore, sites SHOULD avoid declaring more than one
non-expired policy for a given URI. In some rare case sites MAY declare more
than one non-expired policy for a given URI, for example, during a transition
period when the site is changing its policy. In those cases, the site will
probably not be able to determine reliably which policy any given user has
seen, and thus it MUST honor all policies (this is also the case for compact
policies, cf. <a href="#referencing_compact_policies">Section 4.1</a> and <a
href="#compact_into_full">Section 4.6</a>). Sites MUST be cautious in their
practices when they declare multiple policies for a given URI, and ensure that
they can actually honor all policies simultaneously.</p>

<p>If a policy reference file at the <a href="#Well_Known_Location">well-known
location</a> declares a non-expired policy for a given URI, this policy
applies, regardless of any conflicting policy reference files referenced
through HTTP headers or HTML/XHTML link tags.</p>

<p>If an HTTP response header includes references to more than one policy
reference file, P3P user agents MUST ignore all references after the first
one.</p>

<p>If an HTML (resp. XHTML) file includes HTML (resp. XHTML) <code>link</code>
tag references to more than one policy reference file, P3P user agents MUST
ignore all references after the first one.</p>

<p>If a user agent discovers more than one non-expired P3P policy for a given
URI (for example because a page has both a P3P header and a <code>link</code>
tag that reference different policy reference files, or because P3P headers
for two pages on the site reference different policy reference files that
declare different policies for the same URI), the user agent MAY assume any
(or all) of these policies apply as the site MUST honor all of them.</p>

<h3><a name="multiple">2.4.2 Multiple Languages</a></h3>

<p>Multiple language versions (translations) of the same policy can be offered
by the server using the HTTP "<code>Content-Language</code>" header to
properly indicate that a particular language has been used for the policy.
This is useful so that human-readable fields such as entity and consequence
can be presented in multiple languages. The same mechanism can also be used to
offer multiple language versions for data schemas. Servers SHOULD return a
localized policy in response to an HTTP request with an HTTP
"<code>Accept-Language</code>" header when a policy matching the given
language preferences is available.</p>

<p>Whenever <code>Content-Language</code> is used to distinguish policies at
the same URI that are offered in multiple languages, the policies MUST have
the same meaning in each language. Two policies (or two data schemas) are
taken to be identical if</p>
<ul>
  <li>All formal (not natural language) protocol elements are semantically
    identical (e.g., attribute order does not matter, the presence or absence
    of a default value does not matter, but attribute values matter)</li>
  <li>All natural language protocol elements correspond one-to-one, and for
    each correspondence, one is a careful translation of the other.</li>
</ul>

<p>Due to the use of the <code>Accept-Language</code> mechanism, implementers
should take note that user agents may see different language versions of a
policy or policy reference file despite sending the same
<code>Accept-Language</code> request header if a new language version of a
policy or data schema has been added.</p>

<p>Finally, language declarations can be also included directly within P3P XML
files: the <code>POLICY</code>, <code>POLICIES</code>, <code>META</code>, and
<code>DATASCHEMA</code> elements MAY take an <code>xml:lang</code> attribute
to indicate the language of any human-readable fields they contain
(<code>xml:lang</code> is normatively defined in section 2.12 of [<a
href="#XML">XML</a>]).</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[18]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>xml-lang</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>` xml:lang="` language `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="4">Here, <code>language</code> is a language identifier as
        defined in [<a href="#LANG">LANG</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p></p>

<h3><a name="safezone">2.4.3 The "Safe Zone"</a></h3>

<p>P3P defines a special set of "safe zone" practices, which SHOULD be used by
all P3P-enabled user agents and services for the communications which take
place as part of fetching a P3P policy or policy reference file. In
particular, requests to the <a href="#Well_Known_Location">well-known
location</a> for policy reference files SHOULD be covered by these "safe zone"
practices. Communications covered by the safe zone practices SHOULD have only
minimal data collection, and any data that is collected is used only in
non-identifiable ways.</p>

<p>To support this safe zone, P3P user agents SHOULD suppress the transmission
of data unnecessary for the purpose of finding a site's policy until the
policy has been fetched. Therefore safe-zone practices for user agents include
the following requirements:</p>
<ul>
  <li>User agents SHOULD NOT send the HTTP <code>Referer</code> header in the
    safe zone</li>
  <li>User agents SHOULD NOT accept cookies from safe-zone requests</li>
  <li>User agents MAY also wish to refrain from sending user agent information
    or cookies accepted in a previous session on safe zone requests</li>
  <li>User agent implementers need to be aware that there is a privacy
    trade-off with using the <code>Accept-Language</code> HTTP header in the
    safe zone. Sending the correct <code>Accept-Language</code> header will
    allow fetching a P3P policy in the user's preferred natural language (if
    available), but does expose a certain amount of information about the
    identity of the user. User agents MAY wish to allow users to decide when
    these headers should be sent.</li>
</ul>

<p>Safe-zone practices for servers include the following requirements:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Servers SHOULD NOT require the receipt of an HTTP <code>Referer</code>
    header, cookies, user agent information, or other information unnecessary
    for responding to requests in the safe zone</li>
  <li>If the user agent suppresses the <code>Accept-Language</code> HTTP
    header as part of safe-zone operation, the server is free to choose any of
    the available translations</li>
  <li>If the communications is taking place over a secure connection (such as
    SSL), then the server SHOULD NOT require an identity certificate from the
    user agent for safe zone requests</li>
  <li>In addition, servers SHOULD NOT use in an identifiable way any
    information collected while serving a safe zone request</li>
</ul>

<p>Note that the safe zone requirements do not say that sites cannot keep
identifiable information -- only that they SHOULD NOT use in an identifiable
way any information collected while serving a policy file or policy reference
file. Tracking down the source of a denial of service attack, for example,
would be a legitimate reason to use this information.</p>

<h3><a name="processing">2.4.4 Policy and Policy Reference File Processing by
User Agents</a></h3>

<p>P3P user agents MUST only render or act upon P3P policies and policy
reference files that are well-formed XML.</p>

<p>P3P user agents SHOULD only render or act upon P3P policies and policy
reference files that conform to the XML schema given in <a
href="#Appendix_schema">Appendix 4</a>, and user agents SHOULD NOT rely upon
any part of a policy or policy reference file that does not conform to this
XML schema.</p>

<p>User agents MUST NOT locally modify a P3P policy or policy reference file
in order to make it conform to the XML schema.</p>

<h3><a name="security">2.4.5 Security of Policy Transport</a></h3>

<p>P3P policies and references to P3P policies SHOULD NOT contain any
sensitive information. This means that there are no additional security
requirements for transporting a reference to a P3P policy beyond the
requirements of the document it is associated with; so, if an HTML document
would normally be served over a non-encrypted session, then P3P does
<strong>not</strong> require nor recommend that the document be served over an
encrypted session when a reference to a P3P policy is included with that
document.</p>

<h3><a name="policy_updates">2.4.6 Policy Updates</a></h3>

<p>Note that when a Web site changes its P3P policy, the old policy applies to
data collected when it was in effect. It is the responsibility of the site to
keep records of past P3P policies and policy reference files along with the
dates when they were in effect, and to apply these policies appropriately.</p>

<p>If a site wishes to apply a new P3P policy to previously collected data, it
MUST provide appropriate notice and opportunities for users to accept the new
policy that are consistent with applicable laws, industry guidelines, or other
privacy-related agreements the site has made.</p>

<h3><a name="absence_of_prf">2.4.7 Absence of Policy Reference File</a></h3>

<p>If no policy reference file is available for a given site, user agents MUST
assume (an empty) policy reference file exists at the well-known location with
a 24 hour expiry, and therefore if the user returns to the site after 24
hours, the user agent MUST attempt to fetch a policy reference file from the
well-known location again. User agents MAY check the well-known location more
frequently, or upon a certain event such as the user clicking a browser
refresh button. Sites MAY place a policy reference file at the well-known
location that indicates that no policy is available, but set the expiry such
that user agents know they need not check every 24 hours.</p>

<h3><a name="asynchronous_evaluation">2.4.8 Asynchronous Evaluation</a></h3>

<p>User agents MAY asynchronously fetch and evaluate P3P policies. That is,
P3P policies need not necessarily be fetched and evaluated prior to other HTTP
transactions.This behavior may be dependent on the the user's preferences and
the type of request being made. Until a policy is evaluated, the user agent
SHOULD treat the site as if it has no privacy policy. Once the policy has been
evaluated, the user agent SHOULD apply the user's preferences. To promote
deterministic behavior, the user agent SHOULD defer application of a policy
until a consistent point in time. For example, a Web browser might apply a
user's preferences just after the user agent completes a navigation, or when
confirming a form submission.</p>

<h2><a name="example_scenarios">2.5 Example Scenarios</a></h2>

<p>As an aid to sites deploying P3P, several example scenarios are presented,
along with descriptions of how P3P is used on those sites.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 1</strong>: Web site basic.example.com uses a variety of
images, all of which it hosts. It also includes some forms, which are all
submitted directly to the site. This site can declare a single P3P policy for
the entire site (or if different privacy policies apply to different parts of
the site, it can declare multiple P3P policies). As long as all of the images
and form action URIs are in directories covered by the site's P3P policy, user
agents will automatically recognize the images and forms as covered by the
site's policy.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 2</strong>: Web site busy.example.com uses a content
distribution network called cdn.example.com to host its images so as to reduce
the load on its servers. Thus, all of the images on the site have URIs at
cdn.example.com. CDN acts as an agent to Busy in this situation, and collects
no data other than log data. This log data is used only for Web site and
system administration in support of providing the services that Busy
contracted for. Busy's privacy policy applies to the images hosted by CDN, so
Busy uses the <code>HINT</code> element in its policy reference file to point
to a suitable policy reference file at CDN, indicating that such images are
covered by example.com P3P policy.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 3</strong>: Web site busy.example.com also has a contract
with an advertising company called clickads.example.com to provide banner ads
on its site. The contract allows Clickads to set cookies so as to make sure
each user does not see a given ad more than three times. Clickads collects
statistics on how many users view each ad and reports them to the companies
whose products are being advertised. But these reports do not reveal
information about any individual users. As was the case in Scenario 2, Busy's
privacy policies applies to these ads hosted by Clickads, so Busy uses the
<code>HINT</code> element in its policy reference file to point to a suitable
policy reference file at Clickads, indicating that Busy P3P policy applies to
such embedded content served by clickads.example.com. The companies whose
products are being advertised need not be mentioned in the Busy privacy policy
because the only data they are receiving is aggregate data.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 4</strong>: Web site busy.example.com also has a contract
with funchat.example.com to host a chat room for its users. When users enter
the chat room they are actually leaving the Busy site. However, the chat room
has the Busy logo and is actually covered by the Busy privacy policy. In this
instance Funchat is acting as an agent for Busy, but -- unlike the previous
examples -- their content is not embedded in the Busy site. Busy can use the
<code>HINT</code> element in its policy reference file to point to a suitable
Funchat policy reference file, that indicates that Funchat chat room is
covered by Busy privacy policy, therefore facilitating a smoother transition
to the chat room.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 5</strong>: Web site bigsearch.example.com has a form that
allows users to type in a search query and have it performed on their choice
of search engines located on other sites. When a user clicks the "submit"
button, the search query is actually submitted directly to these search
engines -- the action URI is not on bigsearch.example.com but rather on the
search engine selected by the user. Bigsearch can declare the privacy policies
for these search engines by using the <code>HINT</code> element to point to
their corresponding policy reference files. So when a user clicks the "submit"
button, their user agent can check its privacy policy before posting any data.
In order to make this search choice mechanism work, Bigsearch might actually
have a form with an action URI on its own site, which redirects to the
appropriate search engine. In this case, the user agent should check the
search engine privacy policy upon receiving the redirect response.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 6</strong>: Web site bigsearch.example.com also has a form
that allows users to type in a search query and have it simultaneously
performed on ten different search engines. Bigsearch submits the queries, gets
back the results from each search engine, removes the duplicates, and presents
the results to the user. In this case, the user interacts only with Bigsearch.
Thus, the only P3P policy involved is the one that covers the Bigsearch Web
site. However, Bigsearch must disclose that it shares the users' search
queries with third parties (the search Web sites), unless Bigsearch has a
contract with these search engines and they act as agents to Bigsearch.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 7</strong>: Web site bigsearch.example.com also has banner
advertisements provided by a company called adnetwork.example.com. Adnetwork
uses cookies to develop profiles of users across many different Web sites so
that it can provide them with ads better suited to their interests. Because
the data about the sites that users are visiting is being used for purposes
other than just serving ads on the Bigsearch Web site, Adnetwork cannot be
considered an agent in this context. Adnetwork must create its own P3P policy
and use its own policy reference file to indicate what content it applies to.
In addition, Bigsearch may optionally use the <code>HINT</code> element in its
policy reference file to indicate that the Adnetwork P3P policy reference file
applies to these advertisements. Bigsearch should only do this if Adnetwork
has told it what P3P policy applies to these advertisements and has agreed to
notify Bigsearch if the policy reference needs to be changed.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 8:</strong> Web site busy.example.com uses cookies
throughout its Web site. It discloses a cookie policy, separate from its
regular P3P policy to cover these cookies. It uses the
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> element in its policy reference file to declare
the appropriate policy for these cookies. As a performance optimization, it
also makes available a compact policy by sending a P3P header that includes
this compact policy whenever it sets a cookie.</p>

<p><strong>Scenario 9:</strong> Web site config.example.com provides a service
in which they optimize various kinds of Web content based on each user's
computer and Internet configuration. Users go to the Config Web site and
answer questions about their computer, monitor, and Internet connection.
Config encodes the responses and stores them in a cookie. Later, when the user
is visiting Busy -- a  Web site that has contracted with Config -- whenever
the browser requests content that can be optimized (certain images, audio
files, etc.), Busy will redirect the user to Config, which will read the
user's cookie, and deliver the appropriate content. In this case, Config
should declare a privacy policy that describes the kinds of data collected and
stored in its cookies, and how that data is used. It should use a
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> element in its  policy reference file to declare
the policy for the cookies. It will probably reference Busy's P3P policy for
the actual images or audio files delivered, as it is acting much like CDN acts
in scenario 2. Busy will probably also use <code>HINT</code> elements in its
policy reference file to reference the policy for the Config-delivered
content.</p>

<h1><a name="P3P_markup">3. Policy Syntax and Semantics</a></h1>

<p>P3P policies are encoded in XML with namespaces (see [<a
href="#XML">XML</a>] and [<a href="#XML-Name">XML-Name</a>]). A possible
encoding using the RDF data model ([<a href="#RDF">RDF</a>]) is provided in
[<a href="#P3P-RDF">P3P-RDF</a>].</p>

<p>Section 3.1 begins with an example of an English language privacy policy
and a corresponding P3P policy. P3P policies include general assertions that
apply to the entire policy as well as specific assertions -- called
<em>statements</em> -- that apply only to the handling of particular types of
data referred to by <em>data references</em>. Section 3.2 describes the
<code>POLICY</code> element and policy-level assertions. Section 3.3 describes
statements and data references.</p>

<h2><a name="Example_policy">3.1 Example policies</a></h2>

<h3><a name="English">3.1.1 English language policies</a></h3>

<p>The following are two examples of English-language privacy policy to be
encoded as a P3P policy. Both policies are for one example company,
CatalogExample, which has different policies for those browsing their site and
those actually purchasing products. Example 3.1. is provided in both English
and as a more formal description using P3P element and attribute names.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong>Example 3.1: CatalogExample's Privacy Policy for
  Browsers</strong></dt>
    <dd>At CatalogExample, we care about your privacy. When you come to our
      site to look for an item, we will only use this information to improve
      our site and will not store it with information we could use to identify
      you.<br>
      <br>
      CatalogExample, Inc. is a licensee of the PrivacySealExample Program.
      The PrivacySealExample Program ensures your privacy by holding Web site
      licensees to high privacy standards and confirming with independent
      auditors that these information practices are being followed.<br>
      <br>
      Questions regarding this statement should be directed to:<br>
      <code>CatalogExample<br>
      4000 Lincoln Ave.<br>
      Birmingham, MI 48009 USA<br>
      email: catalog@example.com<br>
      Telephone 248-EXAMPLE (248-392-6753)</code><br>
      <br>
      If we have not responded to your inquiry or your inquiry has not been
      satisfactorily addressed, you can contact PrivacySealExample at
      http://www.privacyseal.example.org. CatalogExample will correct all
      errors or wrongful actions arising in connection with the privacy
      policy.<br>
      <br>
      <em>What We Collect and Why:</em><br>
      When you browse through our site we collect:
      <ul>
        <li>the basic information about your computer and connection to make
          sure that we can get you the proper information and for security
          purposes.</li>
        <li>aggregate information on what pages consumers access or visit to
          improve our site.</li>
      </ul>
      <p><br>
      <em>Data retention:</em><br>
      We purge every two weeks the browsing information that we collect.</p>
    </dd>
</dl>

<p>Here is Example 3.1 in a more formal description, using the P3P element and
attribute names [with the section of the spec that was used cited in brackets
for easy reference]:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Disclosure URI:
    http://www.catalog.example.com/PrivacyPracticeBrowsing.html<br>
    [<a href="#POLICY">3.2.2 Policy</a>]</li>
  <li>Entity: CatalogExample<br>
    4000 Lincoln Ave. <br>
    Birmingham, MI 48009 <br>
    USA<br>
    catalog@example.com <br>
    +1 (248) 392-6753<br>
    [<a href="#ENTITY">3.2.4 Entity</a>]</li>
  <li>Access to Identifiable Information: None<br>
    [<a href="#ACCESS">3.2.5 Access</a>]</li>
  <li>Disputes:<br>
    resolution type: independent<br>
    service: http://www.privacyseal.example.org<br>
    description: PrivacySealExample<br>
    [<a href="#DISPUTES">3.2.6 Disputes</a>]</li>
  <li>Remedies: we'll correct any harm done wrong<br>
    [<a href="#REMEDIES">3.2.7 Remedies</a>]</li>
  <li>We collect:<br>
    dynamic.clickstream<br>
    dynamic.http<br>
    [<a href="#Base_Data_Schema">4.5 Base data schema</a>]</li>
  <li>For purpose: Web site and system administration, research and
    development<br>
    [<a href="#PURPOSE">3.3.4 Purpose</a>]</li>
  <li>Recipients: Only ourselves and our agents<br>
    [<a href="#RECPNT">3.3.5 Recipients</a>]</li>
  <li>Retention: As long as appropriate for the stated purposes <br>
    [<a href="#RETENTION">3.3.6 Retention</a>]<br>
    (Note also that the site's human-readable privacy policy MUST mention that
    data is purged every two weeks, or provide a link to this
  information.)</li>
</ul>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong>Example 3.2: CatalogExample's Privacy Policy for
  Shoppers</strong></dt>
    <dd>At CatalogExample, we care about your privacy. We will never share
      your credit card number or any other financial information with any
      third party. With your permission only, we will share information with
      carefully selected marketing partners that meet either the preferences
      that you've specifically provided or your past purchasing habits. The
      more we and know about your likes and dislikes, the better we can tailor
      offerings to your needs.<br>
      <br>
      CatalogExample is a licensee of the PrivacySealExample Program. The
      PrivacySealExample Program ensures your privacy by holding Web site
      licensees to high privacy standards and confirming with independent
      auditors that these information practices are being followed.<br>
      <br>
      Questions regarding this statement should be directed to:<br>
      <code>CatalogExample<br>
      4000 Lincoln Ave.<br>
      Birmingham, MI 48009 USA<br>
      email: catalog@example.com<br>
      Telephone +1 248-EXAMPLE (+1 248-392-6753)</code><br>
      <br>
      If we have not responded to your inquiry or your inquiry has not been
      satisfactorily addressed, you can contact PrivacySealExample -
      http://privacyseal.example.org/privacyseal. CatalogExample will correct
      all errors or wrongful actions arising in connection with the privacy
      policy.<br>
      <br>
      When you browse through our site we collect:
      <ul>
        <li>the basic information about your computer and connection to make
          sure that we can get you the proper information and for security
          purposes; and</li>
        <li>aggregate information on what pages consumers access or visit to
          improve our site</li>
      </ul>
      <p><br>
      If you choose to purchase an item we will ask you for more information
      including:</p>
      <ul>
        <li>your name and address so that we can have your purchase delivered
          to you and so we can contact you in the future;</li>
        <li>your email address and telephone number so we can contact
        you;</li>
        <li>a login and password to use to update your information at any time
          in the future; and</li>
        <li>financial information to complete your purchase (you may choose to
          store this for future use)</li>
        <li>optionally, you can enter other demographic information so that we
          can tailor services to you in the future.</li>
      </ul>
      <p><br>
      Also on this page we will give you the option to choose if you would
      like to receive email, telephone calls or written service from
      CatalogExample or from our carefully selected marketing partners who
      maintain similar privacy practices. If you would like to receive these
      solicitations simply check the appropriate boxes. You can choose to stop
      participating at any time simply by changing your preferences.<br>
      <br>
      <em>Changing and Updating personal information</em><br>
      Consumers can change all of their personal account information by going
      to the preferences section of CatalogExample at
      http://catalog.example.com/preferences.html. You can change your
      address, telephone number, email address, password as well as your
      privacy settings.<br>
      <br>
      <em>Cookies</em><br>
      CatalogExample uses cookies only to see if you have been an
      CatalogExample customer in the past and, if so, customize services based
      on your past browsing habits and purchases. We do not store any personal
      data in the cookie nor do we share or sell the any of the information
      with other parties or affiliates.<br>
      <br>
      <em><a name="retention_secondexample">Data retention</a></em><br>
      We will keep the information about you and your purchases for as long as
      you remain our customer. If you do not place an order from us for one
      year we will remove your information from our databases.</p>
    </dd>
  <dt></dt>
</dl>

<h3>3.1.2 <a name="encoding" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#XML">XML</a>
encoding of policies</h3>

<p>The following pieces of [<a href="#XML">XML</a>] capture the information as
expressed in the above two examples. P3P policies are statements that are
properly expressed as well-formed <a href="#XML">XML</a>. The policy syntax
will be explained in more detail in the sections that follow.</p>

<p><strong>XML Encoding of Example 3.1</strong>:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;POLICIES xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
 &lt;POLICY name="forBrowsers" 
     discuri="http://www.catalog.example.com/PrivacyPracticeBrowsing.html"
     xml:lang="en"&gt;
  &lt;ENTITY&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.name"&gt;CatalogExample&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.street"&gt;4000 Lincoln Ave.&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.city"&gt;Birmingham&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.stateprov"&gt;MI&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.postalcode"&gt;48009&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.country"&gt;USA&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.online.email"&gt;catalog@example.com&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.telecom.telephone.intcode"&gt;1&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.telecom.telephone.loccode"&gt;248&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.telecom.telephone.number"&gt;3926753&lt;/DATA&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/ENTITY&gt;
  &lt;ACCESS&gt;&lt;nonident/&gt;&lt;/ACCESS&gt;
  &lt;DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;
   &lt;DISPUTES resolution-type="independent"
     service="http://www.PrivacySeal.example.org"
     short-description="PrivacySeal.example.org"&gt;
    &lt;IMG src="http://www.PrivacySeal.example.org/Logo.gif" alt="PrivacySeal's logo"/&gt;
    &lt;REMEDIES&gt;&lt;correct/&gt;&lt;/REMEDIES&gt;
   &lt;/DISPUTES&gt;
  &lt;/DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;PURPOSE&gt;&lt;admin/&gt;&lt;develop/&gt;&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
   &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
   &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt; &lt;!-- Note also that the site's human-readable
                                                 privacy policy MUST mention that data 
                                                 is purged every two weeks, or provide a 
                                                 link to this information. --&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.clickstream"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.http"/&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
 &lt;/POLICY&gt;
&lt;/POLICIES&gt;</pre>

<p><strong>XML Encoding of Example 3.2:</strong></p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;POLICIES xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
 &lt;POLICY name="forShoppers" 
     discuri="http://www.catalog.example.com/Privacy/PrivacyPracticeShopping.html"
     opturi="http://catalog.example.com/preferences.html"
     xml:lang="en"&gt;
  &lt;ENTITY&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.name"&gt;CatalogExample&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.street"&gt;4000 Lincoln Ave.&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.city"&gt;Birmingham&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.stateprov"&gt;MI&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.postalcode"&gt;48009&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.country"&gt;USA&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.online.email"&gt;catalog@example.com&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.telecom.telephone.intcode"&gt;1&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.telecom.telephone.loccode"&gt;248&lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.telecom.telephone.number"&gt;3926753&lt;/DATA&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/ENTITY&gt;
  &lt;ACCESS&gt;&lt;contact-and-other/&gt;&lt;/ACCESS&gt;
  &lt;DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;
   &lt;DISPUTES resolution-type="independent"
     service="http://www.PrivacySeal.example.org"
     short-description="PrivacySeal.example.org"&gt;
    &lt;IMG src="http://www.PrivacySeal.example.org/Logo.gif" alt="PrivacySeal's logo"/&gt;
    &lt;REMEDIES&gt;&lt;correct/&gt;&lt;/REMEDIES&gt;
   &lt;/DISPUTES&gt;
  &lt;/DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;
     We record some information in order to serve your request 
     and to secure and improve our Web site.
   &lt;/CONSEQUENCE&gt;
   &lt;PURPOSE&gt;&lt;admin/&gt;&lt;develop/&gt;&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
   &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
   &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.clickstream"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.http.useragent"/&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
  &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;
     We use this information when you make a purchase.
   &lt;/CONSEQUENCE&gt;
   &lt;PURPOSE&gt;&lt;current/&gt;&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
   &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
   &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.name"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.postal"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.telecom.telephone"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.business-info.postal"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.business-info.telecom.telephone"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.online.email"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.login.id"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.login.password"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.miscdata"&gt;
     &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;purchase/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
    &lt;/DATA&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
  &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;
     At your request, we will send you carefully selected marketing 
     solicitations that we think you will be interested in.
   &lt;/CONSEQUENCE&gt;
   &lt;PURPOSE&gt;
    &lt;contact required="opt-in"/&gt;
    &lt;individual-decision required="opt-in"/&gt;
    &lt;tailoring required="opt-in"/&gt;
   &lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
   &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;same required="opt-in"/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
   &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.name" optional="yes"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.postal" optional="yes"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.telecom.telephone" optional="yes"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.business-info.postal" optional="yes"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.business-info.telecom.telephone" optional="yes"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.online.email" optional="yes"/&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
  &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;
     We allow you to set a password so that you
     can access your own information.
   &lt;/CONSEQUENCE&gt;
   &lt;PURPOSE&gt;&lt;individual-decision required="opt-in"/&gt;&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
   &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
   &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.login.id"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.login.password"/&gt;
     &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
    &lt;/DATA&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
  &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;
     At your request, we will tailor our site and 
     highlight products related to your interests.
   &lt;/CONSEQUENCE&gt;
   &lt;PURPOSE&gt;
     &lt;pseudo-decision required="opt-in"/&gt;
     &lt;tailoring required="opt-in"/&gt;
   &lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
   &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
   &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.bdate.ymd.year" optional="yes"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#user.gender" optional="yes"/&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
  &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;
     We tailor our site based on your past visits.
   &lt;/CONSEQUENCE&gt;
   &lt;PURPOSE&gt;&lt;tailoring/&gt;&lt;develop/&gt;&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
   &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
   &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
   &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.cookies"&gt;
     &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;state/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
    &lt;/DATA&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.miscdata"&gt;
     &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
    &lt;/DATA&gt;
   &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
 &lt;/POLICY&gt;
&lt;/POLICIES&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="Policies">3.2 Policies</a></h2>

<p>This section defines the syntax and semantics of P3P policies. All policies
MUST be encoded using [<a href="#UTF-8">UTF-8</a>].</p>

<p>In cases where the P3P vocabulary is not precise enough to describe a Web
site's practices, sites should use the vocabulary terms that most closely
match their practices and provide further explanation in the
<code>CONSEQUENCE</code> field and/or their human-readable policy. However,
policies MUST NOT make false or misleading statements.</p>

<p>Policies have to be placed inside a <code>POLICIES</code> element.</p>

<h3>3.2.1 <a name="POLICIES">The <code><strong>POLICIES</strong></code>
element</a></h3>

<p>The <code>POLICIES</code> element gathers one or more P3P policies together
in a single file. This is provided as a performance optimization: many
policies can be collected with a single request, improving network traffic and
caching.</p>

<p>A <code>POLICIES</code> element is the root element of policy files.
Further, the <code>POLICIES</code> element can be put within the policy
reference file, inside the <code>META</code> element:: in this case, user
agents need only fetch a single file, containing both the policy reference
file and the policies.</p>

<p>The <code>POLICIES</code> element can optionally contain an
<code>xml:lang</code> attribute (see <a href="#multiple">section 2.4.2</a>),
an <code><a href="#the_expiry_element">EXPIRY</a></code> element, indicating
the expiration of the included policies, and an embedded data schema using the
<code><a href="#Data_Schemas">DATASCHEMA</a></code> element (see <a
href="#Data_Schemas">Section 5</a>).</p>

<p>Since policies are included in a <code>POLICIES</code> element, each MUST
have a <code>name</code> attribute which is unique in the file. This allows
policy references (in <code>POLICY-REF</code> elements) to link to that
policy.</p>

<p><strong>Example 3.3:</strong></p>

<p>The file in <code>http://www.example.com/Shop/policies.xml</code> could
have the following content:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;POLICIES xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
   &lt;POLICY name="policy1" discuri="http://www.example.com/disc1"&gt; .... &lt;/POLICY&gt;
   &lt;POLICY name="policy2" discuri="http://www.example.com/disc2"&gt; .... &lt;/POLICY&gt;
   &lt;POLICY name="policy3" discuri="http://www.example.com/disc3"&gt; .... &lt;/POLICY&gt;
&lt;/POLICIES&gt;</pre>

<p>The files in <code>http://www.example.com/Shop/CDs/*</code> could then be
associated to the second policy ("<code>policy2</code>") using the following
policy reference file in <code>http://www.example.com/w3c/p3p.xml</code> :</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;META xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
&lt;POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
    &lt;POLICY-REF about="/Shop/policies#policy2"&gt;
      &lt;INCLUDE&gt;/Shops/CDs/*&lt;/INCLUDE&gt;
    &lt;/POLICY-REF&gt;
 &lt;/POLICY-REFERENCES&gt;
&lt;/META&gt;</pre>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[19]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>policies</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`&lt;POLICIES xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"` [xml-lang] `&gt;`
[expiry]
[dataschema]
*policy
"&lt;/POLICIES&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3></h3>

<h3><a name="POLICY">3.2.2 The <strong><code>POLICY</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>The <code>POLICY</code> element contains a complete P3P policy. Each P3P
policy MUST contain exactly one <code>POLICY</code> element. The policy
element MUST contain an <code>ENTITY</code> element that identifies the legal
entity making the representation of the privacy practices contained in the
policy. In addition, the policy element MUST contain an <code>ACCESS</code>
element, one or more <code>STATEMENT</code> elements, a
<code>DISPUTES-GROUP</code> element, a <a href="#Data_Schemas">P3P data
schema</a>, and one or more extensions.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;POLICY&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>includes one or more statements. Each statement includes a set of
      disclosures as applied to a set of data elements.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>name </strong></code><strong>(<em>mandatory
  attribute</em>)</strong></dt>
    <dd>name of the policy, used as a fragment identifier to be able to
      reference the policy.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code><a name="disc_URI">discuri</a> </code>(<em>mandatory
  attribute</em>)</strong></dt>
    <dd>URI of the natural language privacy statement.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="opturi"><strong>opturi</strong></a></code></dt>
    <dd>URI of instructions that users can follow to request or decline to
      have their data used for a particular purpose (opt-in or opt-out). This
      attribute is <em><strong>mandatory</strong></em> for policies that
      contain a <code><a href="#PURPOSE">purpose</a></code> with required
      attribute set to <code>opt-in</code> or <code>opt-out</code>. Note that
      the opt-in or opt-out procedures are determined by each site and may not
      necessarily include a central mechanism for the entire site or an
      automated online mechanism.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>xml:lang</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Language in which the policy is expressed (see <a
      href="#multiple">section 2.4.2</a>).</dd>
</dl>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[20]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>policy</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`&lt;POLICY name=` quotedstring
         ` discuri=` quoted-URI
         [` opturi=` quoted-URI]
         [xml-lang] `&gt;`
*extension
[test]
entity
access
[disputes-group]
1*statement-block
*extension
`&lt;/POLICY&gt;`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[21]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>quoted-URI</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`"` URI `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4">Here, URI is defined as per <a
        href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> [<a
        href="#URI">URI</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="test">3.2.3 The <strong><code>TEST</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>The TEST element is used for testing purposes: the presence of
<code>TEST</code> in a policy indicates that the policy is just an example,
and as such, it MUST be ignored, and not be considered as a valid P3P
policy.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[22]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>test</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;TEST/&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="ENTITY">3.2.4 The <code><strong>ENTITY</strong></code>
element</a></h3>

<p>The <code>ENTITY</code> element gives a precise description of the legal
entity making the representation of the privacy practices.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;ENTITY&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>identifies the legal entity making the representation of the privacy
      practices contained in the policy</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>ENTITY</code> element contains a description of the legal entity
consisting of <a href="#DATA">DATA elements</a> referencing (all or some of)
the fields of the <a href="#Business-Data">business dataset</a>: it MUST
contain both the legal entity's name and one or more contact information
fields among postal address, telephone number, email address, URI. Note that
some laws and codes of conduct require entities to include a postal address or
other specific information in their contact information.</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[23]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre> entity</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;ENTITY&gt;"
*extension
entitydescription
*extension
"&lt;/ENTITY&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[24]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre> entitydescription</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;"
`&lt;DATA ref="#business.name"/&gt;` PCDATA "&lt;/DATA&gt;"
*(`&lt;DATA ref="#business.` string `"/&gt;` PCDATA "&lt;/DATA&gt;")
"&lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4">Here, <code>string</code> is defined as a
        sequence of characters (with " and &amp; escaped) among the values
        that are allowed by the <a href="#Business-Data">business dataset</a>.
        <code>PCDATA</code> is defined as in [<a href="#XML">XML</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="ACCESS">3.2.5 The <strong><code>ACCESS</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>The <code>ACCESS</code> element indicates whether the site provides access
to various kinds of information.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;ACCESS&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>the ability of the individual to view identified data and address
      questions or concerns to the service provider. Service providers MUST
      disclose one value for the access attribute. The method of access is not
      specified. Any disclosure (other than <code>&lt;all/&gt;</code>) is not
      meant to imply that access to all data is possible, but that some of the
      data may be accessible and that the user should communicate further with
      the service provider to determine what capabilities they have.
      <p>Note that service providers may also wish to provide capabilities to
      access information collected through means other than the Web at the
      <strong><a href="#disc_URI">discuri</a>. </strong>However, the scope of
      P3P statements are limited to data collected through HTTP or other Web
      transport protocols. Also, if access is provided through the Web, use of
      strong authentication and security mechanisms for such access is
      recommended; however, security issues are outside the scope of this
      document.</p>
    </dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>ACCESS</code> element must contain one of the following
elements:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;nonident/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Web site does not collect identified data.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;all/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>All Identified Data: access is given to all identified data.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;contact-and-other/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Identified Contact Information and Other Identified Data: access is
      given to identified online and physical contact information as well as
      to certain other identified data.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;ident-contact/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Identifiable Contact Information: access is given to identified online
      and physical contact information (e.g., users can access things such as
      a postal address).</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;other-ident/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Other Identified Data: access is given to certain other identified
      data (e.g., users can access things such as their online account
      charges).</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;none/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>None: no access to identified data is given.</dd>
</dl>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[25]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>access</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;ACCESS&gt;"
*extension
access_disclosure
*extension
"&lt;/ACCESS&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[26]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>access_disclosure</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;nonident/&gt;"          | ; Identified Data is Not Used<br>


"&lt;all/&gt;"               | ; All Identifiable Information
"&lt;contact-and-other/&gt;" | ; Identified Contact Information and
                           Other Identified Data
"&lt;ident-contact/&gt;"     | ; Identifiable Contact Information
"&lt;other-ident/&gt;"       | ; Other Identified Data
"&lt;none/&gt;"                ; None</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="DISPUTES">3.2.6 The <strong><code>DISPUTES</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>A policy SHOULD contain a <code>DISPUTES-GROUP</code> element, which
contains one or more <code>DISPUTES</code> elements. These elements describe
dispute resolution procedures that may be followed for disputes about a
services' privacy practices. Each <code>DISPUTES</code> element can optionally
contain a <code>LONG-DESCRIPTION</code> element, an <code>IMG</code> element,
and a <code>REMEDIES</code> element. Service providers with multiple dispute
resolution procedures should use a separate <code>DISPUTES</code> element for
each. Since different dispute procedures have separate remedy processes, each
<code>DISPUTES</code> element would need a separate
<code>LONG-DESCRIPTION</code>, <code>IMG</code> tag and <code>REMEDIES</code>
element, if they are being used.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;DISPUTES&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Describes dispute resolution procedures that may be followed for
      disputes about a services' privacy practices, or in case of protocol
      violation.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>resolution-type</code></strong> <strong>(<em>mandatory
  attribute</em>)</strong></dt>
    <dd>takes one of the following four values:
      <dl>
        <dt><strong>Customer Service </strong><code>[service] </code></dt>
          <dd>Individual may complain to the Web site's customer service
            representative for resolution of disputes regarding the use of
            collected data. The description MUST include information about how
            to contact customer service.</dd>
        <dt><strong>Independent Organization
        </strong><code>[independent]</code></dt>
          <dd>Individual may complain to an independent organization for
            resolution of disputes regarding the use of collected data. The
            description MUST include information about how to contact the
            third party organization.</dd>
        <dt><strong>Court </strong><code>[court]</code></dt>
          <dd>Individual may file a legal complaint against the Web site.</dd>
        <dt><strong>Applicable Law </strong><code>[law]</code></dt>
          <dd>Disputes arising in connection with the privacy statement will
            be resolved in accordance with the law referenced in the
            description.</dd>
      </dl>
    </dd>
  <dt><strong><code>service</code></strong> <strong>(<em>mandatory
  attribute</em>)</strong></dt>
    <dd>URI of the customer service Web page or independent organization, or
      URI for information about the relevant court or applicable law</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>verification</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>URI or certificate that can be used for verification purposes. It is
      anticipated that seal providers will provide a mechanism for verifying a
      site's claim that they have a seal.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>short-description</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>A short human readable description of the name of the appropriate
      legal forum, applicable law, or third party organization; or contact
      information for customer service if not already provided at the service
      URI. No more than 255 <a href="#character">characters</a>.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>DISPUTES</code> element can contain a
<code>LONG-DESCRIPTION</code> element, where a human readable description is
present: this should contain the name of the appropriate legal forum,
applicable law, or third party organization; or contact information for
customer service if not already provided at the service URI.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code><a
  name="LONG-DESCRIPTION">&lt;LONG-DESCRIPTION&gt;</a></code></strong></dt>
    <dd>This element contains a (possibly long) human readable
    description.</dd>
</dl>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;IMG&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>An image logo (for example, of the independent organization or
      relevant court)</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>src</code></strong> <strong>(<em>mandatory
  attribute</em>)</strong></dt>
    <dd>URI of the image logo</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>width</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>width in pixels of the image logo</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>height</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>height in pixels of the image logo</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>alt</code> (<em>mandatory attribute</em>)</strong></dt>
    <dd>very short textual alternative for the image logo</dd>
</dl>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[27]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>disputes-group</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;"
*extension
1*dispute
*extension
"&lt;/DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[28]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>dispute</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;DISPUTES"
 " resolution-type=" '"'("service"|"independent"|"court"|"law")'"'
 " service=" quoted-URI
 [" verification=" quotedstring]
 [" short-description=" quotedstring]
"&gt;"
*extension
[longdescription]
[image]
[remedies]
*extension
"&lt;/DISPUTES&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[29]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>longdescription</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>&lt;LONG-DESCRIPTION&gt; PCDATA &lt;/LONG-DESCRIPTION&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[30]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>image</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"&lt;IMG src=" quoted-URI
[" width=" `"` number `"`]
[" height=" `"` number `"`]
" alt=" quotedstring
"/&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[31]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>quotedstring</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`"` string `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4">Here, <code>string</code> is defined as a
        sequence of characters (with " and &amp; escaped), and
        <code>PCDATA</code> is defined as in [<a href="#XML">XML</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Note that there can be multiple assurance services, specified via multiple
occurrences of <code>DISPUTES</code> within the <code>DISPUTES-GROUP</code>
element. These fields are expected to be used in a number of ways, including
representing that one's privacy practices are self assured, audited by a third
party, or under the jurisdiction of a regulatory authority.</p>

<h3><a name="REMEDIES">3.2.7 The <code>REMEDIES</code> element</a></h3>

<p>Each <code>DISPUTES</code> element SHOULD contain a <code>REMEDIES</code>
element that specifies the possible remedies in case a policy breach
occurs.<br>
</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;REMEDIES&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Remedies in case a policy breach occurs.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>REMEDIES</code> element must contain one or more of the
following:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;correct/&gt;</code> </strong></dt>
    <dd>Errors or wrongful actions arising in connection with the privacy
      policy will be remedied by the service.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;money/&gt;</code> </strong></dt>
    <dd>If the service provider violates its privacy policy it will pay the
      individual an amount specified in the human readable privacy policy or
      the amount of damages.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;law/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Remedies for breaches of the policy statement will be determined based
      on the law referenced in the human readable description.</dd>
  <dt></dt>
</dl>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[32]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>remedies</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;REMEDIES&gt;"
*extension
1*remedy
*extension
"&lt;/REMEDIES&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[33]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>remedy</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;correct/&gt;" |
"&lt;money/&gt;"   |
"&lt;law/&gt;"    </pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p></p>

<h2><a name="Statements">3.3 Statements</a></h2>

<p>Statements describe data practices that are applied to particular types of
data.</p>

<h3>3.3.1 <a name="STATEMENT">The <strong><code>STATEMENT</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>The <code>STATEMENT</code> element is a container that groups together a
<code>PURPOSE</code> element, a <code>RECIPIENT</code> element, a
<code>RETENTION</code> element, a <code>DATA-GROUP</code> element, and
optionally a <code>CONSEQUENCE</code> element and one or more extensions. All
of the data referenced by the <code>DATA-GROUP</code> is handled according to
the disclosures made in the other elements contained by the statement. Thus,
sites may group elements that are handled the same way and create a statement
for each group. Sites that would prefer to disclose separate purposes and
other information for each kind of data they collect can do so by creating a
separate statement for each data element.</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;STATEMENT&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>data practices as applied to data elements.</dd>
</dl>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[34]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>statement-block</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;STATEMENT&gt;"
*extension
[consequence]
((purpose recipient retention 1*data-group) |
 (non-identifiable [purpose] [recipient] [retention] *data-group))
*extension
"&lt;/STATEMENT&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>To simplify practice declaration, service providers may aggregate any of
the disclosures (purposes, recipients, and retention) within a statement over
data elements. Service providers MUST make such aggregations as an additive
operation. For instance, a site that distributes your age to <code>ours</code>
(ourselves and our agents), but distributes your postal code to
<code>unrelated</code> (unrelated third parties), MAY say they distribute your
name and postal code to <code>ours</code> and <code>unrelated</code>. Such a
statement appears to distribute more data than actually happens. It is up to
the service provider to determine if their disclosure deserves specificity or
brevity. Note that when aggregating disclosures across statements that include
the <code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element, this element may be included in the
aggregated statement only if it would otherwise appear in every statement if
the statements were written separately.</p>

<p>Also, one must always disclose all options that apply. Consider a site with
the sole purpose of collecting information for the purposes of
<code>contact</code> (Contacting Visitors for Marketing of Services or
Products). Even though this is considered to be for the <code>current</code>
(Completion and Support of Activity For Which Data Was Provided) purpose, the
site must state both <code>contact</code> and <code>current</code> purposes.
Consider a site which distributes information to <code>ours</code> in order to
redistribute it to <code>public</code>: the site must state both
<code>ours</code> and <code>public</code> recipients.</p>

<p>Service providers often aggregate data they collect. Sometimes this
aggregate data may be used for different purposes than the original data,
shared more widely than the original data, or retained longer than the
original data. For example many sites publish or disclose to their advertisers
statistics such as number of visitors to their Web site, percentage of
visitors who fit into various demographic groups, etc. When  aggregate
statistics are used or shared such that it would not be possible to derive
data for individual people or households based on these statistics, no
disclosures about these statistics are necessary in a P3P policy. However,
services MUST disclose the fact that the original data is collected and
declare any use that is made of the data before it is aggregated.</p>

<h3>3.3.2 <a name="CONSEQUENCE">The <strong><code>CONSEQUENCE</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p><code>STATEMENT</code> elements may optionally contain a
<code>CONSEQUENCE</code> element that can be shown to a human user to provide
further explanation about a site's practices.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Consequences that can be shown to a human user to explain why the
      suggested practice may be valuable in a particular instance even if the
      user would not normally allow the practice.</dd>
</dl>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[35]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>consequence</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;CONSEQUENCE&gt;"
PCDATA
"&lt;/CONSEQUENCE&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="NON-IDENTIFIABLE">3.3.3 The
<code><strong>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</strong></code> element</a></h3>

<p>A <code>STATEMENT</code> element may optionally contain the
<code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element, signifying either that there is no data
collected under this <code>STATEMENT</code>, or that all of the data
referenced by that <code>STATEMENT</code> will be anonymized upon
collection.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;NON-IDENTIFIABLE/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>This element signifies that either no data is collected (including Web
      logs), or that the organization collecting the data will anonymize the
      data referenced in the enclosing <code>STATEMENT</code>. In order to
      consider the data "anonymized", there must be no reasonable way for the
      entity or a third party to attach the collected data to the identity of
      a natural person. Some types of data are inherently anonymous, such as
      randomly-generated session IDs. Data which might identify natural people
      in some circumstances, such as IP addresses, names, or addresses, must
      have a non-reversible transformation applied in order be considered
      "anonymized".<br>
      An example of a non-reversible transformation is removing the last seven
      bits of an IP address and replacing them with zeros. This transformation
      must be applied to all copies of the data, including those that might be
      stored on backup media. An algorithm that replaces identified data with
      unique corresponding values from a table is not considered
      non-reversible. In addition, a one-way cryptographic hash would not be
      considered non-reversible if the set of possible data values is small
      enough that all possible hashed values can be generated and compared
      with the value that someone is attempting to reverse.</dd>
</dl>

<p>If the <code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element is present in any
<code>STATEMENT</code> elements in a policy, then a human readable explanation
of how the data is anonymized MUST be included or linked to at the <strong><a
href="#disc_URI">discuri</a></strong> .</p>

<p>Also, if the <code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element is present in a
<code>STATEMENT</code> then the other elements in that <code>STATEMENT</code>
are optional.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[36]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>non-identifiable</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;NON-IDENTIFIABLE/&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3>3.3.4 <a name="PURPOSE">The <strong><code>PURPOSE</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>Each <code>STATEMENT</code> element  that does not include a
<code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element MUST contain a <code>PURPOSE</code>
element that contains one or more purposes of data collection or uses of data.
Sites MUST classify their data practices into one or more of the purposes
specified below.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;PURPOSE&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>purposes for data processing relevant to the Web.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>PURPOSE</code> element MUST contain one or more of the
following:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;current/&gt;</code> </strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Completion and Support of Activity For Which Data Was
      Provided:</strong> Information may be used by the service provider to
      complete the activity for which it was provided, whether a one-time
      activity such as returning the results from a Web search, forwarding an
      email message, or placing an order; or a recurring activity such as
      providing a subscription service, or allowing access to an online
      address book or electronic wallet.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;admin/&gt;</code> </strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Web Site and System Administration:</strong> Information may
      be used for the technical support of the Web site and its computer
      system. This would include processing computer account information,
      information used in the course of securing and maintaining the site, and
      verification of Web site activity by the site or its agents.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;develop/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Research and Development</strong>: Information may be used to
      enhance, evaluate, or otherwise review the site, service, product, or
      market. This does not include personal information used to tailor or
      modify the content to the specific individual nor information used to
      evaluate, target, profile or contact the individual.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;tailoring/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>One-time Tailoring</strong>: Information may be used to tailor
      or modify content or design of the site where the information is used
      only for a single visit to the site and not used for any kind of future
      customization. For example, an online store might suggest other items a
      visitor may wish to purchase based on the items he has already placed in
      his shopping basket.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;pseudo-analysis/&gt; </strong></code></dt>
    <dd><strong>Pseudonymous Analysis</strong>: Information may be used to
      create or build a record of a particular individual or computer that is
      tied to a pseudonymous identifier, without tying identified data (such
      as name, address, phone number, or email address) to the record. This
      profile will be used to determine the habits, interests, or other
      characteristics of individuals <em>for purpose of research, analysis and
      reporting</em>, but it will not be used to attempt to identify specific
      individuals. For example, a marketer may wish to understand the
      interests of visitors to different portions of a Web site.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;pseudo-decision/&gt;</strong></code></dt>
    <dd><strong>Pseudonymous Decision</strong>: Information may be used to
      create or build a record of a particular individual or computer that is
      tied to a pseudonymous identifier, without tying identified data (such
      as name, address, phone number, or email address) to the record. This
      profile will be used to determine the habits, interests, or other
      characteristics of individuals <em>to make a decision that directly
      affects that individual</em>, but it will not be used to attempt to
      identify specific individuals. For example, a marketer may tailor or
      modify content displayed to the browser based on pages viewed during
      previous visits.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;individual-analysis/&gt;</strong></code></dt>
    <dd><strong>Individual Analysis</strong>: Information may be used to
      determine the habits, interests, or other characteristics of individuals
      and combine it with identified data <em>for the purpose of research,
      analysis and reporting</em>. For example, an online Web site for a
      physical store may wish to analyze how online shoppers make offline
      purchases.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;individual-decision/&gt; </strong></code></dt>
    <dd><strong>Individual Decision</strong>:  Information may be used to
      determine the habits, interests, or other characteristics of individuals
      and combine it with identified data <em>to make a decision that directly
      affects that individual</em>.  For example, an online store suggests
      items a visitor may wish to purchase based on items he has purchased
      during previous visits to the Web site.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;contact/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Contacting Visitors for Marketing of Services or
      Products</strong>: Information may be used to contact the individual,
      through a communications channel other than voice telephone, for the
      promotion of a product or service. This includes notifying visitors
      about updates to the Web site. This does not include a direct reply to a
      question or comment or customer service for a single transaction -- in
      those cases, <strong><code>&lt;current/&gt; </code></strong>would be
      used. In addition, this does not include marketing via customized Web
      content or banner advertisements embedded in sites the user is visiting
      -- these cases would be covered by the
      <code><strong>&lt;tailoring/&gt;</strong></code>,
      <code><strong>&lt;pseudo-analysis/&gt;</strong></code> and
      <code><strong>&lt;pseudo-decision/&gt;</strong></code>, or
      <code><strong>&lt;individual-analysis/&gt;</strong></code> and
      <code><strong>&lt;individual-decision/&gt;</strong></code> purposes.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;historical/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Historical Preservation</strong>: Information may be archived
      or stored for the purpose of preserving social history as governed by an
      existing law or policy. This law or policy MUST be referenced in the
      <code>&lt;DISPUTES&gt;</code> element and MUST include a specific
      definition of the type of qualified researcher who can access the
      information, where this information will be stored and specifically how
      this collection advances the preservation of history.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;telemarketing/&gt;</strong></code></dt>
    <dd><strong>Contacting Visitors for Marketing of Services or Products Via
      Telephone</strong>: Information may be used to contact the individual
      via a voice telephone call for promotion of a product or service. This
      does not include a direct reply to a question or comment or customer
      service for a single transaction -- in those cases,
      <code><strong>&lt;current/&gt;</strong></code> would be used.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;other-purpose&gt;</code> <em>string</em>
  <code>&lt;/other-purpose&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Other Uses</strong>: Information may be used in other ways not
      captured by the above definitions. (A human readable explanation MUST be
      provided in these instances).</dd>
</dl>

<p>Each type of purpose (with the exception of <code>current</code>) can have
the following optional attribute:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code><a name="required">required</a></code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Whether the purpose is a required practice for the site. The attribute
      can take the following values:
      <ul>
        <li><strong><code>always</code></strong> : The purpose is always
          required; users cannot opt-in or opt-out of this use of their data.
          This is the default when no <code>required</code> attribute is
          present.</li>
        <li><strong><code>opt-in</code></strong> : Data may be used for this
          purpose only when the user affirmatively requests this use -- for
          example, when a user asks to be added to a mailing list. An
          affirmative request requires users to take some action specifically
          to make the request. For example, when users fill out a survey,
          checking an additional box to request to be added to a mailing list
          would be considered an affirmative request. However, submitting a
          survey form that contains a pre-checked mailing list request box
          would not be considered an affirmative request. In addition, for any
          purpose that users may affirmatively request, there must also be a
          way for them to change their minds later and decline -- this MUST be
          specified at the <code><a href="#opturi">opturi</a></code>.</li>
        <li><strong><code>opt-out</code></strong> : Data may be used for this
          purpose unless the user requests that it not be used in this way.
          When this value is selected, the service MUST provide clear
          instructions to users on how to opt-out of this purpose at the
          <code><a href="#opturi">opturi</a></code>. Services SHOULD also
          provide these instructions or a pointer to these instructions at the
          point of data collection.</li>
      </ul>
    </dd>
</dl>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[37]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre> purpose</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;PURPOSE&gt;"
*extension
1*purposevalue
*extension
"&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[38]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre> purposevalue</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;current/&gt;"                           | ; Completion and Support of Activity For Which Data Was Provided
"&lt;admin" [required]   "/&gt;"             | ; Web Site and System Administration
"&lt;develop" [required] "/&gt;"             | ; Research and Development
"&lt;tailoring" [required] "/&gt;"           | ; One-time Tailoring
"&lt;pseudo-analysis" [required] "/&gt;"     | ; Pseudonymous Analysis
"&lt;pseudo-decision" [required] "/&gt;"     | ; Pseudonymous Decision
"&lt;individual-analysis" [required] "/&gt;" | ; Individual Analysis
"&lt;individual-decision" [required] "/&gt;" | ; Individual Decision
"&lt;contact" [required] "/&gt;"             | ; Contacting Visitors for Marketing of Services or Products
"&lt;historical" [required] "/&gt;"          | ; Historical Preservation
"&lt;telemarketing" [required] "/&gt;"       | ; Telephone Marketing
"&lt;other-purpose" [required] "&gt;" PCDATA "&lt;/other-purpose&gt;"; Other Uses</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[39]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre> required</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>" required=" `"` ("always"|"opt-in"|"opt-out") `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Service providers MUST use the above elements to explain the purpose of
data collection. Service providers MUST disclose <em>all that apply</em>. If a
service provider does not disclose that a data element will be used for a
given purpose, that is a representation that data will not be used for that
purpose. Service providers that disclose that they use data for
"<code>other</code>" purposes MUST provide human readable explanations of
those purposes.</p>

<h3>3.3.5 <a name="RECPNT">The <strong><code>RECIPIENT</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>Each <code>STATEMENT</code> element that does not include a
<code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element MUST contain a <code>RECIPIENT</code>
element that contains one or more recipients of the collected data. Sites MUST
classify their recipients into one or more of the six recipients
specified.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;RECIPIENT&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>the legal entity, or domain, beyond the service provider and its
      agents where data may be distributed.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>RECIPIENT</code> element MUST contain one or more of the
following:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;ours&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Ourselves and/or entities acting as our agents or entities for
      whom we are acting as an agent</strong>: An agent in this instance is
      defined as a third party that processes data only on behalf of the
      service provider for the completion of the stated purposes. (e.g., the
      service provider and its printing bureau which prints address labels and
      does nothing further with the information.)</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;delivery&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Delivery services possibly following different
      practices</strong>: Legal entities <em>performing delivery services</em>
      that may use data for purposes other than completion of the stated
      purpose. This should also be used for delivery services whose data
      practices are unknown.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;same&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Legal entities following our practices</strong>: Legal
      entities who use the data on their own behalf under equable practices.
      (e.g., consider a service provider that grants the user access to
      collected personal information, and also provides it to a partner who
      uses it once but discards it. Since the recipient, who has otherwise
      similar practices, cannot grant the user access to information that it
      discarded, they are considered to have equable practices.)</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;other-recipient&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Legal entities following different practices</strong>: Legal
      entities that are constrained by and accountable to the original service
      provider, but may use the data in a way not specified in the service
      provider's practices (e.g., the service provider collects data that is
      shared with a partner who may use it for other purposes. However, it is
      in the service provider's interest to ensure that the data is not used
      in a way that would be considered abusive to the users' and its own
      interests.)</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;unrelated&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Unrelated third parties</strong>: Legal entities whose data
      usage practices are not known by the original service provider.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;public&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Public fora</strong>: Public fora such as bulletin boards,
      public directories, or commercial CD-ROM directories.</dd>
</dl>

<p>Each of the above tags can optionally contain:</p>
<ul>
  <li>one or more <code>recipient-description</code> tags, containing a
    description of the recipient;</li>
  <li>with the exception of <code>&lt;ours&gt;</code>, a <code><a
    href="#required">required</a></code> attribute: this attribute is defined
    exactly as the analogous attribute in the <code>PURPOSE</code> tag,
    indicating whether opt-in/opt-out of sharing is available (and, its
    default value is <code>always</code>).</li>
</ul>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[40]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>recipient</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;RECIPIENT&gt;"
*extension
1*recipientvalue
*extension
"&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[41]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>recipientvalue</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;ours&gt;" *recdescr
"&lt;/ours&gt;                         |  ; only ourselves and our agents
"&lt;same" [required] "&gt;" *recdescr
"&lt;/same&gt;"                        |  ; legal entities following our practices
"&lt;other-recipient" [required] "&gt;" *recdescr
"&lt;/other-recipient&gt;"             |  ; legal entities following different practices
"&lt;delivery" [required] "&gt;" *recdescr
"&lt;/delivery&gt;"                    |  ; delivery services following different practices
"&lt;public" [required] "&gt;" *recdescr
"&lt;/public&gt;"                      |  ; public fora
"&lt;unrelated" [required] "&gt;" *recdescr
"&lt;/unrelated&gt;"                      ; unrelated third parties</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[42]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>recdescr</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;recipient-description&gt;"
PCDATA                              ; description of the recipient
"&lt;/recipient-description&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Service providers MUST disclose <em>all the recipients that apply</em>. P3P
makes no distinctions about how that data is released to the recipient; it
simply requires that if data is released, then that sharing must be disclosed
in the P3P policy. Examples of disclosing data which MUST be covered by a P3P
statement include:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Transmitting customer data as part of an order-fulfillment or billing
    process</li>
  <li>Leasing or selling mailing lists</li>
  <li>Placing personal information in URIs when redirecting requests to a
    third party</li>
  <li>Placing personal information in URIs which link to a third party</li>
</ul>

<p>Note that in some cases the above set of recipients may not completely
describe all the recipients of data. For example, the issue of transaction
facilitators, such as shipping or payment processors, who are necessary for
the completion and support of the activity but may follow different practices
was problematic. Currently, only delivery services can be explicitly
represented in a policy. Other such transaction facilitators should be
represented in whichever category most accurately reflects their practices
with respect to the original service provider.</p>

<p>A special element for delivery services is included, but not one for
payment processors (such as banks or credit card companies) for the following
reasons: Financial institutions will typically have separate agreements with
their customers regarding the use of their financial data, while delivery
recipients typically do not have an opportunity to review a delivery service's
privacy policy.</p>

<p>Note that the <code>&lt;delivery/&gt;</code> element SHOULD NOT be used for
delivery services that agree to use data only on behalf of the service
provider for completion of the delivery.</p>

<h3>3.3.6 <a name="RETENTION">The <strong><code>RETENTION</code></strong>
element</a></h3>

<p>Each <code>STATEMENT</code> element that does not include a
<code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element MUST contain a <code>RETENTION</code>
element that indicates the kind of retention policy that applies to the data
referenced in that statement.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;RETENTION&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>the type of retention policy in effect</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>RETENTION</code> element MUST contain one of the following:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;no-retention/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Information is not retained for more than a brief period of time
      necessary to make use of it during the course of a single online
      interaction. Information MUST be destroyed following this interaction
      and MUST NOT be logged, archived, or otherwise stored. This type of
      retention policy would apply, for example, to services that keep no Web
      server logs, set cookies only for use during a single session, or
      collect information to perform a search but do not keep logs of searches
      performed.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>For the stated purpose: Information is retained to meet the stated
      purpose. This requires information to be discarded at the earliest time
      possible. Sites MUST have a retention policy that establishes a
      destruction time table. The retention policy MUST be included in or
      linked from the site's human-readable privacy policy.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;legal-requirement/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>As required by law or liability under applicable law: Information is
      retained to meet a stated purpose, but the retention period is longer
      because of a legal requirement or liability. For example, a law may
      allow consumers to dispute transactions for a certain time period;
      therefore a business may for liability reasons decide to maintain
      records of transactions, or a law may affirmatively require a certain
      business to maintain records for auditing or other soundness purposes.
      Sites MUST have a retention policy that establishes a destruction time
      table. The retention policy MUST be included in or linked from the
      site's human-readable privacy policy.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;business-practices/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Determined by service provider's business practice: Information is
      retained under a service provider's stated business practices. Sites
      MUST have a retention policy that establishes a destruction time table.
      The retention policy MUST be included in or linked from the site's
      human-readable privacy policy.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;indefinitely/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Indefinitely: Information is retained for an indeterminate period of
      time. The absence of a retention policy would be reflected under this
      option. Where the recipient is a public fora, this is the appropriate
      retention policy. <strong><code></code></strong></dd>
</dl>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[43]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>retention</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;RETENTION&gt;"
*extension
retentionvalue
*extension
"&lt;/RETENTION&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[44]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>retentionvalue</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>= </pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;no-retention/&gt;"       | ; not retained
"&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;"     | ; for the stated purpose
"&lt;legal-requirement/&gt;"  | ; stated purpose by law
"&lt;indefinitely/&gt;"       | ; indeterminate period of time
"&lt;business-practices/&gt;"   ; by business practices</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="DATA">3.3.7 The <strong><code>DATA-GROUP</code></strong> and
<strong><code>DATA</code></strong> elements</a></h3>

<p>Each <code>STATEMENT</code> element that does not include a
<code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element MUST contain at least one
<code>DATA-GROUP</code> element that contains one or more <code>DATA</code>
elements. <code>DATA</code> elements are used to describe the type of data
that a site collects.</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>describes the data to be transferred or inferred</dd>
  <dt><strong><code><a name="base_attribute">base</a></code></strong></dt>
    <dd><em>base URI</em> ([<a href="#URI">URI</a>]) for URI references
      present in <code>ref</code> attributes. When this attribute is omitted,
      the default value is the URI of the P3P base data schema (<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base">http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base</a>).
      When the attribute appears as an empty string (""), the base is the
      local document.</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;DATA&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>describes the data to be transferred or inferred</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>ref </code>(<em>mandatory attribute)</em></strong></dt>
    <dd><em>URI reference</em> ([<a href="#URI">URI</a>]), where the fragment
      identifier part denotes the <em>name of a data element/set</em>, and the
      URI part denotes the corresponding <em>data schema</em>. In case the URI
      part is not present, if the <code>DATA</code> element is contained
      within a <code>DATA-GROUP</code> element, then the default base URI is
      assumed to be the URI of the <code>base</code> attribute. In the other
      cases, as usual, the default base URI is a same-document reference ([<a
      href="#URI">URI</a>]).<br>
      Remember that <em><strong>names of data elements and sets are
      case-sensitive</strong></em> (so, for example, <code>user.gender</code>
      is different from <code>USER.GENDER</code> or
    <code>User.Gender</code>).</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>optional</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>indicates whether or not the site requires visitors to submit this
      data element to access a resource or complete a transaction; "no"
      indicates that the data element is not optional (it is required), while
      "yes" indicates that the data element is optional. <em>The default is
      "no."</em> The <code>optional</code> attribute is used only in policies
      (not in data schema definitions).</dd>
</dl>

<p>Note that user agents should be cautious about using the
<code>optional</code> attribute in automated decision-making. If the
<code>optional</code> attribute is associated with a data element directly
controlled by the user agent (such as the HTTP <code>Referer</code> header or
cookies), the user agent should make sure that this data is not transmitted to
Web sites at which a data element is optional if the site's policy would not
match a user's preferences if the data element was required. Likewise, for
data elements that users typically type into forms,  user agents should alert
users when a site's practices about optional data do not match their
preferences.</p>

<p><code>DATA</code> elements can contain the actual data (as already sen in
the case of the <code>ENTITY</code> element), and can contain related <a
href="#Categories">category</a> information.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[45] </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>data-group</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;DATA-GROUP"
[" base=" quoted-URI]
"&gt;"
*extension
1*dataref
*extension
"&lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[46]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>dataref</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>`&lt;DATA" ref="` URI-reference `"`
 [" optional=" `"` ("yes"|"no") `"`] "&gt;"
 [categories] ; the <a href="#Categories">categories </a>of the data element.
 [PCDATA] ; the eventual value of the data element
"&lt;/DATA&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4">Here, <code>URI-reference</code> is defined
        as in [<a href="#URI">URI</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>For example, to reference the user's home address city, all the elements of
the data set <code>user.business-info</code> and (optionally) all the elements
of the data set <code>user.home-info.telecom</code>, the service would send
the following references inside a P3P policy:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
&lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.city"/&gt;
&lt;DATA ref="#user.home-info.telecom" optional="yes"/&gt;
&lt;DATA ref="#user.business-info"/&gt;
&lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;</pre>

<p>When the actual value of the data is known, it can be expressed inside the
<code>DATA</code> element. For example, as seen in the <a
href="#encoding">example policies</a>:</p>
<pre class="sample"> &lt;ENTITY&gt;
  &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
   &lt;DATA ref="#business.name"&gt;CatalogExample&lt;/DATA&gt;
   &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.postal.street"&gt;4000 Lincoln Ave.&lt;/DATA&gt;
...</pre>

<h2><a name="Categories">3.4 Categories and the <code>CATEGORIES</code>
element</a></h2>

<p>Categories are elements inside data elements that provide hints to users
and user agents as to the intended uses of the data. Categories are vital to
making P3P user agents easier to implement and use. Note that <em>categories
are not data elements</em>: they just allow users to express more generalized
preferences and rules over the exchange of their data. Categories SHOULD NOT
be used within the <code>DATA</code> elements of an <code><a
href="#ENTITY">ENTITY</a></code> element.</p>

<p>The following elements are used to denote data categories:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[47]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>categories</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;CATEGORIES&gt;" 1*category "&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[48]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>category</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;physical/&gt;"    | ; Physical Contact Information
"&lt;online/&gt;"      | ; Online Contact Information
"&lt;uniqueid/&gt;"    | ; Unique Identifiers
"&lt;purchase/&gt;"    | ; Purchase Information
"&lt;financial/&gt;"   | ; Financial Information
"&lt;computer/&gt;"    | ; Computer Information
"&lt;navigation/&gt;"  | ; Navigation and Click-stream Data
"&lt;interactive/&gt;" | ; Interactive Data
"&lt;demographic/&gt;" | ; Demographic and Socioeconomic Data
"&lt;content/&gt;"     | ; Content
"&lt;state/&gt;"       | ; State Management Mechanisms
"&lt;political/&gt;"   | ; Political Information
"&lt;health/&gt;"      | ; Health Information
"&lt;preference/&gt;"  | ; Preference Data
"&lt;location/&gt;"    | ; Location Data
"&lt;government/&gt;   | ; Government-issued Identifiers
"&lt;other-category&gt;" PCDATA "&lt;/other-category&gt;" ; Other</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;physical/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Physical Contact Information</strong>: Information that allows
      an individual to be contacted or located in the physical world -- such
      as telephone number or address.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;online/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Online Contact Information</strong>: Information that allows
      an individual to be contacted or located on the Internet -- such as
      email. Often, this information is independent of the specific computer
      used to access the network. (See the category "Computer
    Information")</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;uniqueid/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Unique Identifiers</strong>: Non-financial identifiers,
      excluding government-issued identifiers, issued for purposes of
      consistently identifying or recognizing the individual. These include
      identifiers issued by a Web site or service.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;purchase/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Purchase Information</strong>: Information actively generated
      by the purchase of a product or service, including information about the
      method of payment.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;financial/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Financial Information</strong>: Information about an
      individual's finances including account status and activity information
      such as account balance, payment or overdraft history, and information
      about an individual's purchase or use of financial instruments including
      credit or debit card information. Information about a discrete purchase
      by an individual, as described in "Purchase Information," alone does not
      come under the definition of "Financial Information."</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;computer/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Computer Information</strong>: Information about the computer
      system that the individual is using to access the network -- such as the
      IP number, domain name, browser type or operating system.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;navigation/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Navigation and Click-stream Data</strong>: Data
      <em>passively</em> generated by <em>browsing</em> the Web site -- such
      as which pages are visited, and how long users stay on each page.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;interactive/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Interactive Data</strong>: Data <em>actively</em> generated
      from or reflecting <em>explicit interactions</em> with a service
      provider through its site -- such as queries to a search engine, or logs
      of account activity.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;demographic/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</strong>: Data about an
      individual's characteristics -- such as gender, age, and income.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;content/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Content</strong> : The words and expressions contained in the
      body of a communication -- such as the text of email, bulletin board
      postings, or chat room communications.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;state/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>State Management Mechanisms</strong>: Mechanisms for
      maintaining a stateful session with a user or automatically recognizing
      users who have visited a particular site or accessed particular content
      previously -- such as HTTP cookies.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;political/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Political Information</strong>: Membership in or affiliation
      with groups such as religious organizations, trade unions, professional
      associations, political parties, etc.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;health/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Health Information</strong>: information about an individual's
      physical or mental health, sexual orientation, use or inquiry into
      health care services or products, and purchase of health care services
      or products.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;preference/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Preference Data</strong>: Data about an individual's likes and
      dislikes -- such as favorite color or musical tastes.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;location/&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Location Data</strong>: Information that can be used to
      identify an individual's current physical location and track them as
      their location changes -- such as GPS position data.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;government/&gt;</strong></code></dt>
    <dd><strong>Government-issued Identifiers</strong>: Identifiers issued by
      a government for purposes of consistently identifying the
    individual.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;other-category&gt; </code><em>string</em>
  <code>&lt;/other-category&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><strong>Other</strong>: Other types of data not captured by the above
      definitions. (A human readable explanation should be provided in these
      instances, between the <code>&lt;other-category&gt;</code> and the
      <code>&lt;/other-category&gt;</code> tags.)</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <strong>Computer</strong>, <strong>Navigation</strong>,
<strong>Interactive</strong> and <strong>Content</strong> categories can be
distinguished as follows. The Computer category includes information about the
user's computer including IP address and software configuration. Navigation
data describes actual user behavior related to browsing. When an IP address is
stored in a log file with information related to browsing activity, both the
Computer category and the Navigation category should be used. Interactive Data
is data actively solicited to provide some useful service at a site beyond
browsing. Content is information exchanged on a site for the purposes of
communication.</p>

<p>The <strong>Other</strong> category should be used only when data is
requested that does not fit into any other category.</p>

<p>P3P uses categories to give users and user agents additional hints as to
what type of information is requested from a service. While most data in the
base data schema is in a known category (or a set of known categories), some
data elements can be in a number of different categories, depending on the
situation. The former are called <em>fixed-category data elements</em> (or
"fixed data elements" for short), the latter <em>variable-category data
elements</em> ("variable data elements"). Both types of elements are described
in <a href="#categories_and_data">Section 5.7</a>.</p>

<h2><a name="extension">3.5 Extension Mechanism: the <code>EXTENSION</code>
element</a></h2>

<p>P3P provides a flexible and powerful mechanism to extend its syntax and
semantics using one element: <code>EXTENSION</code>. This element is used to
indicate portions of the policy/policy reference file/data schema which belong
to an extension. The meaning of the data within the <code>EXTENSION</code>
element is defined by the extension itself.</p>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>&lt;EXTENSION&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>describes an extension to the syntax</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>optional</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>This attribute determines if the extension is <em>mandatory</em> or
      <em>optional</em>. A <em>mandatory</em> extension is indicated by giving
      the <code>optional</code> attribute a value of <code>no</code>. A
      <em>mandatory</em> extension to the P3P syntax means that applications
      that do not understand this extension cannot understand the meaning of
      the whole policy (or policy reference file, or data schema) containing
      it. An <em>optional</em> extension, indicated by giving the optional
      attribute a value of <code>yes</code>, means that applications that do
      not understand this extension can safely ignore the contents of the
      <code>EXTENSION</code> element, and proceed to process the whole policy
      (or policy reference file, or data schema) as usual. The
      <code>optional</code> attribute is not required; its default value is
      <code>yes</code>.</dd>
</dl>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[49]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>extension</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;EXTENSION" [" optional=" `"` ("yes"|"no") `"`] "&gt;" PCDATA "&lt;/EXTENSION&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>For example, if www.catalog.example.com would like to add to P3P a feature
to indicate that a certain set of data elements were only to be collected from
users living in the United States, Canada, or Mexico, it could add a mandatory
extension like this:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
...
&lt;EXTENSION optional="no"&gt;
&lt;COLLECTION-GEOGRAPHY type="include" xmlns="http://www.catalog.example.com/P3P/region"&gt;
&lt;USA/&gt;&lt;Canada/&gt;&lt;Mexico/&gt;
&lt;/COLLECTION-GEOGRAPHY&gt;
&lt;/EXTENSION&gt;
&lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;</pre>

<p>On the other hand, if www.catalog.example.com would like to add an
extension stating what country the server is in, an optional extension might
be more appropriate, such as the following:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;POLICY&gt;
&lt;EXTENSION optional="yes"&gt;
&lt;ORIGIN xmlns="http://www.catalog.example.com/P3P/origin" country="USA"/&gt;
&lt;/EXTENSION&gt;
...
&lt;/POLICY&gt;</pre>

<p>The <code>xmlns</code> attribute is significant since it specifies the
namespace for interpreting the names of elements and attributes used in the
extension. Note that, as specified in [<a href="#XML-Name">XML-Name</a>], the
namespace URI is just intended to be a unique identifier for the XML entities
used by the extension. Nevertheless, service providers MAY provide a page with
a description of the extension at the corresponding URI.</p>

<p>The <code>EXTENSION</code> element can appear in various places within P3P
syntax: such positions are normatively specified by the XML Schema present in
<a href="#Appendix_schema">Appendix 4</a> (and, informally specified by the
ABNF syntax, and by the DTD present in <a href="#DTD">Appendix 5</a>)..</p>

<h2><a name="PREFERENCES">3.6 User Preferences</a></h2>

<p>User agents MUST document a method by which preferences can be imported and
processed, and SHOULD document a method by which preferences can be
exported.</p>

<p>P3P user agents MUST act according to the preference settings selected by
the user. This requires that they be able to process policy and policy
reference files as appropriate to evaluate each policy with respect to a
user's preferences or other criteria specified by the settings. Depending on
these settings, this may require, for example, that the user agent verify that
required parts of the P3P policy are present, or check that the syntax of the
entire policy is valid.</p>

<h1><a name="compact_policies">4. Compact Policies</a></h1>

<p>Compact policies are summarized P3P policies that provide hints to user
agents to enable the user agent to make quick, synchronous decisions about
applying policy. Compact policies are a performance optimization that is
<strong>OPTIONAL</strong> for either user agents or servers. User agents that
are unable to obtain enough information from a compact policy to make a
decision according to a user's preferences SHOULD fetch the full policy.</p>

<p>In P3P, compact policies contain policy information related to cookies (cf.
[<a href="#ref_COOKIES">COOKIES</a>] and [<a href="#ref_STATE">STATE</a>])
only. The Web server is responsible for building a P3P compact policy to
represent the cookies referenced in a full policy. The policy specified in a
P3P compact policy applies to data stored within all cookies set in the same
HTTP response as the compact policy, all cookies set by scripts associated
with that HTTP response, and also to data linked to the cookies.</p>

<h2><a name="referencing_compact_policies">4.1 Referencing compact
policies</a></h2>

<p>Any HTTP resource MAY include a P3P compact policy through the P3P response
header (cf. <a href="#syntax_ext">Section 2.2.2</a>). If a site is using P3P
headers, it SHOULD include this on responses for all appropriate request
methods, including <code>HEAD</code> and <code>OPTION</code> requests.</p>

<p>The P3P compact policy header has a quoted string that may contain one or
more delimited tokens (the "compact policy"). Tokens can appear in any order,
and the space character (" ") is the only valid delimiter. The syntax for this
header is as follows:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[50]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-policy-field</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>`CP="` compact-policy `"`</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[51]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-policy</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-token *(" " compact-token)</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[52]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-token</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-access           |
compact-disputes         |
compact-remedies         |
compact-non-identifiable |
compact-purpose          |
compact-recipient        |
compact-retention        |
compact-categories       |
compact-test</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>As for all HTTP headers, the name of the P3P header field is
case-insensitive. The field-value (i.e., the content of the header) is instead
case sensitive.</p>

<p>If an HTTP response includes more than one compact policy, P3P user agents
MUST ignore all compact policies after the first one.</p>

<h2><a name="compact_policy_vocabulary">4.2 Compact Policy Vocabulary</a></h2>

<p>P3P compact policies use tokens representing the following elements from
the P3P vocabulary: <code>ACCESS</code>, <code>CATEGORIES</code>,
<code>DISPUTES</code>, <code>NON-INDENTIFIABLE</code>, <code>PURPOSE</code>,
<code>RECIPIENT</code>, <code>REMEDIES</code>, <code>RETENTION</code>,
<code>TEST</code>.</p>

<p>If a token appears more than once in a single compact policy, the compact
policy has <em>the same semantics</em> as if that token appeared only once. If
an unrecognized token appears in a compact policy, the compact policy has
<em>the same semantics</em> as if that token was not present.</p>

<p>The P3P compact policy vocabulary is expressed using a developer-readable
language to reduce the number of bytes transferred over the wire within a HTTP
response header. The syntax of the tokens follows:</p>

<h3><a name="compact_access">4.2.1 Compact <code>ACCESS</code></a></h3>

<p>Information in the <code>ACCESS</code> element is represented in compact
policies using tokens composed by a three letter code:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[53]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-access</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"NOI" | ; for &lt;nonident/&gt;
"ALL" | ; for &lt;all/&gt;
"CAO" | ; for &lt;contact-and-other/&gt;
"IDC" | ; for &lt;ident-contact/&gt;
"OTI" | ; for &lt;other-ident/&gt;
"NON"   ; for &lt;none/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="compact_disputes">4.2.2 Compact <code>DISPUTES</code></a></h3>

<p>If a full P3P policy contains a <code>DISPUTES-GROUP</code> element that
contains one or more <code>DISPUTES</code> elements, then the server should
signal the user agent by providing a <strong>single</strong>
"<code>DSP</code>" token in the P3P-compact policy field:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[54]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-disputes</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"DSP" ; there are some DISPUTES</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="compact_remedies">4.2.3 Compact <code>REMEDIES</code></a></h3>

<p>Information in the <code>REMEDIES</code> element is represented in compact
policies as follows:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[55]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-remedies</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"COR" | ; for &lt;correct/&gt;
"MON" | ; for &lt;money/&gt;
"LAW"   ; for &lt;law/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="compact_non_identifiable">4.2.4 Compact
<code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code></a></h3>

<p>The presence of the <code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE </code>element in every
statement of the policy is signaled by the <code>NID</code> token (note that
the <code>NID</code> token MUST NOT be used unless the
<code>NON-IDENTIFIABLE</code> element is present in every statement within the
policy):</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[56]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-non-identifiable</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"NID" ; for &lt;NON-IDENTIFIABLE/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p></p>

<h3><a name="compact_purposes">4.2.5 Compact <code>PURPOSE</code></a></h3>

<p>Purposes are expressed in P3P compact policy format using tokens composed
by a three letter code plus an optional one letter attribute. Such an optional
attribute encodes the value of the "<code>required</code>" attribute in full
P3P policies: its value can be "<code>a</code>", "<code>i</code>" and
"<code>o</code>", which mean that the "<code>required</code>" attribute in the
corresponding P3P policy must be set to "<code>always</code>",
"<code>opt-in</code>" and "<code>opt-out</code>" respectively.</p>

<p>If a P3P compact policy needs to specify one or more other-purposes in its
full P3P policy, a single <code>OTP</code> flag is used to signal the user
agent that other-purposes exist in the full P3P policy.</p>

<p>The corresponding associations among P3P purposes and compact policy codes
follow:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[57]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-purpose</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"CUR"        | ; for &lt;current/&gt;
"ADM" [creq] | ; for &lt;admin/&gt;
"DEV" [creq] | ; for &lt;develop/&gt;
"TAI" [creq] | ; for &lt;tailoring/&gt;
"PSA" [creq] | ; for &lt;pseudo-analysis/&gt;
"PSD" [creq] | ; for &lt;pseudo-decision/&gt;
"IVA" [creq] | ; for &lt;individual-analysis/&gt;
"IVD" [creq] | ; for &lt;individual-decision/&gt;
"CON" [creq] | ; for &lt;contact/&gt;
"HIS" [creq] | ; for &lt;historical/&gt;
"TEL" [creq] | ; for &lt;telemarketing/&gt;
"OTP" [creq]   ; for &lt;other-purpose/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[58]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>creq</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"a"| ;"always"
"i"| ;"opt-in"
"o"  ;"opt-out"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="compact_recipients">4.2.6 Compact <code>RECIPIENT</code></a></h3>

<p>Recipients are expressed in P3P compact policy format using a three letter
code plus an optional one letter attribute. Such an optional attribute encodes
the value of the "<code>required</code>" attribute in full P3P policies: its
value can be "<code>a</code>", "<code>i</code>" and "<code>o</code>", which
mean that the "<code>required</code>" attribute in the corresponding P3P
policy must be set to "<code>always</code>", "<code>opt-in</code>" and
"<code>opt-out</code>" respectively.</p>

<p>The corresponding associations among P3P recipients and compact policy
codes follow:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[59]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-recipient</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"OUR"        | ; for &lt;ours/&gt;
"DEL" [creq] | ; for &lt;delivery/&gt;
"SAM" [creq] | ; for &lt;same/&gt;
"UNR" [creq] | ; for &lt;unrelated/&gt;
"PUB" [creq] | ; for &lt;public/&gt;
"OTR" [creq]   ; for &lt;other-recipient/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p></p>

<h3><a name="compact_retention">4.2.7 Compact <code>RETENTION</code></a></h3>

<p>Information in the <code>RETENTION</code> element is represented in compact
policies as follows:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[60]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-retention</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"NOR" | ; for &lt;no-retention/&gt;
"STP" | ; for &lt;stated-purpose/&gt;
"LEG" | ; for &lt;legal-requirement/&gt;
"BUS" | ; for &lt;business-practices/&gt;
"IND"   ; for &lt;indefinitely/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p></p>

<h3><a name="compact_categories">4.2.8 Compact
<code>CATEGORIES</code></a></h3>

<p>Categories are represented in compact policies as follows:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[61]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-categories</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"PHY" | ; for &lt;physical/&gt;
"ONL" | ; for &lt;online/&gt;
"UNI" | ; for &lt;uniqueid/&gt;
"PUR" | ; for &lt;purchase/&gt;
"FIN" | ; for &lt;financial/&gt;
"COM" | ; for &lt;computer/&gt;
"NAV" | ; for &lt;navigation/&gt;
"INT" | ; for &lt;interactive/&gt;
"DEM" | ; for &lt;demographic/&gt;
"CNT" | ; for &lt;content/&gt;
"STA" | ; for &lt;state/&gt;
"POL" | ; for &lt;political/&gt;
"HEA" | ; for &lt;health/&gt;
"PRE" | ; for &lt;preference/&gt;
"LOC" | ; for &lt;location/&gt;
"GOV" | ; for &lt;government/&gt;
"OTC"   ; for &lt;other-category/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Note that if a P3P policy specifies one or more <code>other-category</code>
in its full P3P policy, a <strong>single</strong> <code>OTC</code> token is
used to signal the user agent that <code>other-category</code>'s exist in the
full P3P policy.</p>

<h3><a name="compact_test">4.2.9 Compact <code>TEST</code></a></h3>

<p>The presence of the <code>TEST</code> element is signaled by the
<code>TST</code> token:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="3%">[62]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>compact-test</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>"TST" ; for &lt;TEST/&gt;</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p></p>

<h2><a name="compact_policy_scope">4.3 Compact Policy Scope</a></h2>

<p>When a P3P compact policy is included in a HTTP response header, it applies
to cookies set by the current response. This includes cookies set through the
use of a HTTP <code>SET-COOKIE</code> header or cookies set by script.</p>

<h2><a name="compact_policy_lifetime">4.4 Compact Policy Lifetime</a></h2>

<p>To use compact policies, the validity of the full P3P policy must span the
lifetime of the cookie. There is no method to indicate that policy is valid
beyond the life of the cookie because the value of user agent caching is
marginal, since sites would not know when to optimize by not sending the
compact policy. When a server sends a compact policy, it is asserting that the
compact policy and corresponding full P3P policy will be in effect for at
least the lifetime of the cookie to which it applies.</p>

<h2><a name="full_into_compact">4.5 Transforming a P3P Policy to a Compact
Policy</a></h2>

<p>When using P3P compact policies, the Web site is responsible for building a
compact policy by summarizing the policy referenced by the
<code>COOKIE-INCLUDE</code> elements of a P3P policy reference file. If a
site's policy reference file uses <code>COOKIE-EXCLUDE</code> elements then
the site will need to manage sending the correct P3P compact policies to the
user agent given the cookies set in a specific response.</p>

<p>The transformation of a P3P policy to a P3P compact policy may result in a
loss of descriptive policy information -- the compact policy may not contain
all of the policy information specified in the full P3P policy. The
information from the full policy that is discarded when building a compact
policy includes expiry, data group/data-schema elements, entity elements,
consequences elements, and disputes elements are reduced.</p>

<p>Full policies that include mandatory extensions MUST NOT be represented as
compact policies.</p>

<p>All of the purposes, recipients, and categories that appear in multiple
statements in a full policy MUST be aggregated in a compact policy, as
described in section 3.3.1. When performing the aggregation, a Web site MUST
disclose all relevant tokens (for instance, observe Example 4.1, where
multiple retention policies are specified.)</p>

<p>In addition, for each fixed category data element appearing in a statement
the associated category as defined in the associated schema MUST be included
in the compact policy.</p>

<p><strong>Example  4.1:</strong></p>

<p>Consider the following P3P policy:</p>
<pre class="sample"> &lt;POLICY name="sample" 
   discuri="http://www.example.com/cookiepolicy.html"
   opturi="http://www.example.com/opt.html"&gt;
   &lt;ENTITY&gt;
     &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
       &lt;DATA ref="#business.name"&gt;Example, Corp.&lt;/DATA&gt;
       &lt;DATA ref="#business.contact-info.online.email"&gt;privacy@example.com&lt;/DATA&gt;
     &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
   &lt;/ENTITY&gt;
   &lt;ACCESS&gt;&lt;none/&gt;&lt;/ACCESS&gt;
   &lt;DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;
     &lt;DISPUTES resolution-type="service"
      service="http://www.example.com/privacy.html"
      short-description="Please contact our customer service desk with
                         privacy concerns by emailing privacy@example.com"/&gt;
   &lt;/DISPUTES-GROUP&gt;
   &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
     &lt;PURPOSE&gt;&lt;admin/&gt;&lt;develop/&gt;&lt;pseudo-decision/&gt;&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
     &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
     &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;indefinitely/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
     &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
       &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.cookies"&gt;
         &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
       &lt;/DATA&gt;
     &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
   &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
   &lt;STATEMENT&gt;
     &lt;PURPOSE&gt;&lt;individual-decision required="opt-out"/&gt;&lt;/PURPOSE&gt;
     &lt;RECIPIENT&gt;&lt;ours/&gt;&lt;/RECIPIENT&gt;
     &lt;RETENTION&gt;&lt;stated-purpose/&gt;&lt;/RETENTION&gt;
     &lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
       &lt;DATA ref="#user.name.given"/&gt;
       &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.cookies"&gt;
         &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
       &lt;/DATA&gt;
     &lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
   &lt;/STATEMENT&gt;
 &lt;/POLICY&gt;</pre>

<p>The corresponding compact policy is:</p>
<pre class="sample">"NON DSP ADM DEV PSD IVDo OUR IND STP PHY PRE NAV UNI"</pre>

<h2><a name="compact_into_full">4.6 Transforming a Compact Policy to a P3P
Policy</a></h2>

<p>Some user agents may attempt to generate a full P3P policy from a compact
policy, for use in evaluating user preferences. They will not be able to
provide values for the <code>ENTITY</code> and <code>DISPUTES</code> elements
as well as a number of the attributes. However:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>In case there <em>are not</em> multiple different values of compact
  retention,</dt>
    <dd>they should be able to generate a policy with an appropriate
      <code>ACCESS</code> element, and: a single <code>STATEMENT</code>
      element that contains the appropriate <code>RECIPIENT</code>,
      <code>RETENTION</code>, and <code>PURPOSE</code> elements, as well as a
      <code><a href="#Dynamic_Data">dynamic.miscdata</a></code> element with
      the appropriate <code>CATEGORIES</code>.</dd>
  <dt>In case there <em>are</em> multiple different values of compact
  retention,</dt>
    <dd>they should be able to generate a policy with an appropriate
      <code>ACCESS</code> element, and: multiple <code>STATEMENT</code>
      elements (as many as the different values of the compact retention) that
      contain a different corresponding value for the <code>RETENTION</code>
      element, the appropriate <code>RECIPIENT</code>, and
      <code>PURPOSE</code> elements, as well as a <code><a
      href="#Dynamic_Data">dynamic.miscdata</a></code> element with the
      appropriate <code>CATEGORIES</code>.</dd>
</dl>

<p>Note that, in agreement with the non ambiguity requirements stated in <a
href="#non-ambiguity">Section 2.4.1</a>, a site MUST honor a compact policy
for a given URI in any case (even when the full policy referenced in the
policy reference file for that URI does not correspond, as per <a
href="#full_into_compact">Section 4.5</a>, to the compact policy itself).</p>

<h1><a name="Data_Schemas">5. Data Schemas</a></h1>

<p>A <i>data schema</i> is a description of a set of data. P3P includes a way
to describe data schemas so that services can communicate to user agents about
the data they collect. A data schema is built from a number of <i>data
elements</i>, which are specific items of data a service might collect.</p>

<p>Data elements in a data schema can have the following properties:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Data element name. The name of the data element is used when a P3P
    policy includes this data element in a <code>&lt;DATA&gt;</code> element.
    This is required on all data elements.</li>
  <li>Descriptive name or short name. A data element's short name provides a
    short, human-understandable name for the data element. The short name is
    not required, but it is strongly recommended.</li>
  <li>Long description. The long description of a data element provides a more
    detailed, human-understandable definition of the data element. Like the
    short name, the long description is not required, but it is strongly
    recommended.</li>
  <li>Category or categories. Most data elements have categories assigned to
    them when they are defined in a data schema. See <a
    href="#Categories">Categories</a> for more information on categories.</li>
</ul>

<p>Data elements are organized into a hierarchy. A data element automatically
includes all of the data elements below it in the hierarchy. For example, the
data element representing "the user's name" includes the data elements
representing "the user's given name", "the user's family name", and so on. The
hierarchy is based on the data element name. Thus the data elements
<code>user.name.given, user.name.family,</code> and
<code>user.name.nickname</code> are all children of the data element
<code>user.name</code>, which is in turn a child of the data element
<code>user</code>.</p>

<p>P3P has defined a data schema called the <a href="#Base_Data_Schema"><i>P3P
base data schema</i></a> that includes a large number of data elements
commonly used by services.</p>

<p>Services may declare new data elements by creating and publishing their own
data schemas, which are created using the <code>&lt;DATASCHEMA&gt;</code>
element. Data schemas can either be published in standalone XML files (whose
root element is then <code>DATASCHEMA</code>), or they can be embedded in a
policy file (even the same policy file with policies referencing the data
schema itself).</p>

<p>The <code>&lt;DATASCHEMA&gt;</code> element is defined as follows:</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[63]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>dataschema</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;DATASCHEMA" [` xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"`] [xml-lang] "&gt;"
*(datadef|datastruct|extension)
"&lt;/DATASCHEMA&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>A standalone data schema has the <code>&lt;DATASCHEMA&gt;</code> element as
the root element in the XML file. It must have the appropriate namespace
defined in the <code>xmlns</code> attribute to identify it as a P3P data
schema, as follows:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATASCHEMA xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT ... /&gt;
...
&lt;DATA-DEF ... /&gt;
&lt;/DATASCHEMA&gt;</pre>

<p>Optionally, <code>DATASCHEMA</code> can contain an <code>xml:lang</code>
attribute (see <a href="#multiple">section 2.4.2</a>),</p>

<p>When a data schema is declared inside a policy file, then the
<code>&lt;DATASCHEMA&gt;</code> element is still used (as described in <a
href="#POLICIES">Section 3.2.1</a>, "The <code>&lt;POLICIES&gt;</code>
element").</p>

<h2><a name="natural_dataschemas">5.1 Natural Language Support for Data
Schemas</a></h2>

<p>Data schemas contain a number of fields in natural language. Services
publishing a data schema MAY wish to translate these fields into multiple
languages. The data element short and long names MAY be translated, but the
data element name MUST NOT be translated - this field needs to stay constant
across translations of a data schema.</p>

<p>If a service is going to provide a data schema in multiple natural
languages, then it SHOULD examine the <code>Accept-Language</code> HTTP
request-header on requests for that data schema to pick the best available
alternative.</p>

<h2><a name="data_structures">5.2 Data Structures</a></h2>

<p>Data schemas often need to reuse a common group of data elements. P3P data
schemas support this through data structures. A data structure is a named,
abstract definition of a group of data elements. When a data element is
defined, it can be defined as being of an unstructured type, in which case it
has no child elements. The data element can also be defined as being of a
specific structured type, in which case the data element will be automatically
expanded to include as sub-elements all of the elements defined in the data
structure. For example, the following structure is used to represent a date
and time:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;!-- "date" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.ymd.year"
    short-description="Year"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.ymd.month"
    short-description="Month"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.ymd.day"
    short-description="Day"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.hms.hour"
    short-description="Hour"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.hms.minute"
    short-description="Minute"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.hms.second"
    short-description="Second"/&gt;</pre>

<p>Now we shall define a "meeting" data element, which has a time and place
for the meeting:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-DEF name="meeting.time"
    short-description="Meeting time"
    structref="#date"/&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="meeting.place"
    short-description="Meeting place/&gt;</pre>

<p>Since <code>meeting.place</code> does not reference a structure, it is of
an unstructured type, and has no child elements. The <code>meeting.time</code>
element uses the <code>date</code> structure. By declaring this, the following
sub-elements are created:</p>
<pre class="sample">meeting.time.ymd.year
meeting.time.ymd.month
meeting.time.ymd.day
meeting.time.hms.hour
meeting.time.hms.minute
meeting.time.hms.second</pre>

<p>A P3P policy can now declare that it collects the <code>meeting</code> data
element, which implies that it collects all of the sub-elements of
<code>meeting</code>, or it can use data elements lower down the hierarchy -
<code>meeting.time</code>, for example, or
<code>meeting.time.ymd.day</code>.</p>

<h2><a name="DATA-DEF-TYPE">5.3 The <code><strong>DATA-DEF</strong></code> and
<strong><code>DATA-STRUCT</code></strong> elements</a></h2>
<dl>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</strong></code> and
  <strong><code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>Define a data element or a data structure, respectively. Data
      structures are reusable structured type definitions that can be used to
      build data elements. Data elements are declared within a
      <code>&lt;STATEMENT&gt;</code> in a P3P policy to describe data covered
      by that statement.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The following attributes are common to these two elements:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong><code>name </code>(<em>mandatory attribute)</em></strong></dt>
    <dd>Indicates the name of the data element or data structure. Remember
      that names of data element and data structures are
      <strong>case-sensitive</strong>, so, for example,
      <code>user.gender</code> is different from <code>USER.GENDER</code> or
      <code>User.Gender</code>. Furthermore, in names of data elements and
      structures no number character can appear immediately following a
    dot.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>structref</code></strong></dt>
    <dd><em>URI reference</em> ([<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#URI">URI</a>]), where the fragment
      identifier part denotes the <em>structure</em>, and the URI part denotes
      the corresponding <em>data schema</em> where it is defined. The default
      base URI is a same-document reference ([<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#URI">URI</a>]). Data elements or data
      structures without a <code>structref</code> attribute (and, so, without
      an associated structure) are called <em>unstructured</em>.</dd>
  <dt><strong><code>short-description</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>a string denoting the short display name of the data element or
      structure, no more than 255 <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#character">characters</a>.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The <code>DATA-DEF</code> and <code>DATA-STRUCT</code> elements can also
contain a long description of the data element or structure, using the
<code><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#LONG-DESCRIPTION">LONG-DESCRIPTION</a></code>
element.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[64]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>datadef</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;DATA-DEF name=" quotedstring 
 [` structref="` URI-reference `"`]
 [" short-description=" quotedstring]
 "&gt;"
 [categories] ; the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#Categories">categories </a>of the data element. 
 [longdescription] ; the long description of the data element
"&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">[65]</td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>datastruct</pre>
      </td>
      <td valign="top"><pre>=</pre>
      </td>
      <td><pre>"&lt;DATA-STRUCT name=" quotedstring 
 [` structref="` URI-reference `"`]
 [" short-description=" quotedstring]
 "&gt;"
 [categories] ; the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#Categories">categories </a>of the Data Structure. 
 [longdescription] ; the long description of the Data Structure
"&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;"</pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4">Here, <code>URI-reference</code> is defined
        as in [<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#URI">URI</a>].</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Data elements can be structured, much like in common programming languages:
structures are hierarchical (tree-like) descriptions of data elements: this
hierarchical description is performed in the <code>name</code> attribute using
a dot ("<code>.</code>") character as separator.</p>

<p>P3P provides the <em><strong><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#Base_Data_Schema">P3P base data
schema</a></strong></em>, which has built-in definitions of a number of widely
used structures and data elements. All P3P implementations are required to
understand the P3P base data schema, so the structures and elements it defines
are always available to P3P implementers.</p>

<p>A data schema may include multiple <code>DATA-STRUCT</code> elements that
together describe a structure. For example, there is no single
<code>DATA-STRUCT</code> for the <code>uri</code> data structure (cf. <a
href="#URI_data_structure">section 5.5.7.1</a>) in the P3P base data schema.
Instead <code>uri.authority</code>, <code>uri.stem</code>, and
<code>uri.querystring</code> are interpreted together to define this
structure.</p>

<h3><a name="categories_dataschemas">5.3.1 Categories in P3P Data
Schemas</a></h3>

<p>Categories can be assigned to data structures or data elements. The
following rules define how those category definitions are meant to be
used:</p>
<ol>
  <li><code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code> elements MAY include category
    definitions. If a structure definition includes categories, then all uses
    of those structures in data definitions and data structures pick up those
    categories. If a structure contains no categories, then the categories for
    that structure MAY be defined when it is used in another structure or data
    element. Otherwise, a data element using this structure is a
    variable-category element. Any uses of a variable-category data element in
    a policy require that its categories be listed in the policy.</li>
  <li>A <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code> with an unstructured type is a
    variable-category data element if no categories are defined in the
    <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code>, and has exactly those categories listed in
    the <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code> if any categories are included.</li>
  <li>A <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code> with
    a structured type which has no categories defined on that structure
    produces a variable-category data element/structure if no categories are
    defined in the <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code> or
    <code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code>. If the <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code> or
    <code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code> does have categories listed, then those
    categories are applied to that data element, and all of its sub-elements.
    In other words, categories are pushed down into sub-elements when defining
    a data element to be of a structured type, and the structured type does
    not define any categories.</li>
  <li>A <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code> using a structured type which has
    categories defined on that structure picks up all the categories listed on
    the structure. In addition, categories may be listed in the
    <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code>, and these are added to the categories
    defined in the structure. These categories are defined only at the level
    of that data element, and are not "pushed down" to any sub-elements.</li>
  <li>A <code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code> that has no categories assigned to
    it, and which is using a structured subtype which has categories defined
    on the subtype picks up all the categories listed on the subtype.</li>
  <li>A <code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code> that has categories assigned to it,
    and which is using a structured subtype replaces all of the categories
    listed on the subtype.</li>
  <li>There is a "bubble-up" rule for categories when referencing data
    elements: data elements, must at a minimum, include all categories defined
    by any of its children. This rule applies recursively, so for example, all
    categories defined by data elements <code>foo.a.w</code>,
    <code>foo.a.y</code>, and <code>foo.b.z </code>MUST be considered to apply
    to data element <code>foo</code>.</li>
  <li>A <code>&lt;DATA-STRUCT&gt;</code> cannot be defined with some
    variable-category elements and some fixed-category elements. Either all of
    the sub-elements of a structure must be in the variable category, or else
    all of them must have one or more assigned categories.</li>
  <li>A <code>&lt;DATA-DEF&gt;</code> with some variable-category elements and
    some fixed-category elements MUST NOT be referenced. Note, this means that
    the <code>dynamic</code> structure (cf. section 5.6.4 "<a
    href="#Dynamic_Data">Dynamic Data</a>"), existing in the basedata schema,
    cannot be referenced in a policy (each of its sub-elements
    <code>dynamic.clickstream</code>,  <code>dynamic.http</code>, etc. can be
    referenced individually).</li>
</ol>

<h3><a name="dataschema_example">5.3.2 P3P Data Schema Example</a></h3>

<p>Consider the case where the company HyperSpeedExample wishes to describe
the features of a vehicle, using a structure called <code>vehicle</code>. This
structure includes:</p>
<ul>
  <li>The vehicle's model type (<code>vehicle.model</code>),</li>
  <li>The vehicle's color (<code>vehicle.color</code>),</li>
  <li>The vehicle's year of manufacture (<code>vehicle.built.year</code>),
  and</li>
  <li>The vehicle's price (<code>vehicle.price</code> ).</li>
</ul>

<p>If HyperSpeedExample also wants to include in the definition of a vehicle
the location of manufacture, it could add other fields to the structure with
all the relevant data like country, street address, postal code, and so on.
But, each part of a structure can use other structures as well: <em>structures
can be composed</em>. In this case, the <em><strong><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#Base_Data_Schema">P3P base data
schema</a></strong></em> already provides a structure <code>postal</code>,
describing all the postal information of a location. So, the final definition
of the structure vehicle is</p>
<ul>
  <li><code>vehicle.model</code> (unstructured)</li>
  <li><code>vehicle.color</code> (unstructured)</li>
  <li><code>vehicle.price</code> (unstructured)</li>
  <li><code>vehicle.built.year</code> (unstructured)</li>
  <li><code>vehicle.built.where</code> (with structure <code>postal</code>
    from the base data schema)</li>
</ul>

<p>The structure <code>postal</code> has fields <code>postal.street</code>,
<code>postal.city</code>, and so on. Since we have applied the structure
<code>postal</code> to <code>vehicle.built.where</code>, it means that we can
access the street and city of a vehicle using the descriptions
<code>vehicle.built.where.street</code> and
<code>vehicle.built.where.city</code> respectively. So, by applying a
structure (in this case, <code>postal</code>) we can build very complex
descriptions in a modular way.</p>

<p>HyperSpeedExample wants to declare that all of the vehicle information will
be in the <code>&lt;preference/&gt;</code> category. The <code>vehicle.model,
vehicle.color, vehicle.price,</code> and <code>vehicle.built.year</code>
fields are all unstructured types, so assigning them to the
<code>&lt;preference/&gt;</code> category accomplishes this for those fields.
Since vehicle is a structure definition, assigning the
<code>&lt;preference/&gt;</code> category to <code>vehicle.built.where</code>
will override (replace) the categories defined on all of the sub-elements of
<code>vehicle.built.where</code>, placing all of them in the
<code>&lt;preference/&gt;</code> category, even though the <code>postal</code>
structure was originally defined as being in other categories.</p>

<p>As said, structures do not contain data elements; they are just abstract
data types. We can use them to rapidly build structured collections of data
elements. Going on with the example, HyperSpeedExample needs this abstract
description of the features of a vehicle because it wants to actually exchange
data about cars and motorcycles. So, it could define two data elements called
<code>car</code> and <code>motorcycle</code>, both with the above structure
<code>vehicle</code>.</p>

<p>This description of the data elements and data structures is encoded in XML
using a data schema. In the HyperSpeedExample case, it would be something
like:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATASCHEMA xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.model" 
    short-description="Model"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.color"
    short-description="Color"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.built.year" 
    short-description="Construction Year"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.built.where" 
    structref="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base#postal"
    short-description="Construction Place"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="car" structref="#vehicle"/&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="motorcycle" structref="#vehicle"/&gt;
&lt;/DATASCHEMA&gt;</pre>

<p>Continuing with the example, in order to reference a car model and
construction year, HyperSpeedExample <em>or any other service</em> could send
the following references inside a P3P policy:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-GROUP&gt;
  &lt;!-- First, the "car.model" data element, whose definition is in the data schema
       at http://www.HyperSpeed.example.com/models-schema
    --&gt;
&lt;DATA ref="http://www.HyperSpeed.example.com/models-schema#car.model"/&gt;

  &lt;!-- And second, the "car.built.year" data element, whose definition is the data schema
       at http://www.HyperSpeed.example.com/models-schema
    --&gt;
&lt;DATA ref="http://www.HyperSpeed.example.com/models-schema#car.built.year"/&gt;
&lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;</pre>

<p>Using the <code><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/#base_attribute">base</a></code> attribute, the
above references can be written in an even more compact way:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-GROUP base="http://www.HyperSpeed.example.com/models-schema"&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#car.model"/&gt;
    &lt;DATA ref="#car.built.year"/&gt;
&lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;</pre>

<p>Alternatively, the data schema could be <em>embedded</em> directly into a
policy file. In this case, the policy file could look like:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;POLICIES xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
&lt;!-- Embedded data schema --&gt;
&lt;DATASCHEMA&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.model" 
    short-description="Model"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.color" 
    short-description="Color"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.built.year" 
    short-description="Construction Year""&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="vehicle.built.where" 
    structref="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base#postal"
    short-description="Construction Place"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="car" structref="#vehicle"/&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="motorcycle" structref="#vehicle"/&gt;
&lt;/DATASCHEMA&gt;
&lt;!-- end of embedded data schema --&gt;
&lt;POLICY name="policy1" discuri="http://www.example.com/disc1"&gt;
...
&lt;DATA-GROUP base=""&gt;
&lt;DATA ref="#car.model"/&gt;
&lt;DATA ref="#car.built.year"/&gt;
&lt;/DATA-GROUP&gt;
...
&lt;/POLICY&gt;
&lt;POLICY name="policy2" discuri="http://www.example.com/disc2"&gt; .... &lt;/POLICY&gt;
&lt;POLICY name="policy3" discuri="http://www.example.com/disc3"&gt; .... &lt;/POLICY&gt;
&lt;/POLICIES&gt;</pre>

<p>Note that in any case there MUST NOT be more than one data schema per
file.</p>

<h3><a name="use_element_names">5.3.3 Use of data element names</a></h3>

<p>Note that the data element names specified in the base data schema or in
extension data schemas may be used for purposes other than P3P policies. For
example, Web sites may use these names to label HTML form fields. By referring
to data the same way in P3P policies and forms, automated form-filling tools
can be better integrated with P3P user agents.</p>

<h2><a name="dataschemas_immutability">5.4 Persistence of data
schemas</a></h2>

<p>An essential requirement on data schemas is the <em><strong>persistence of
data schemas</strong></em>: data schemas that can be fetched at a certain URI
can only be changed by extending the data schema in a
<em>backward-compatible</em> way (that is to say, changing the data schema
does not change the meaning of any policy using that schema). This way, the
URI of a policy acts in a sense like a unique identifier for the data elements
and structures contained therein: any data schema that is not
backward-compatible <em>must therefore use a new different URI</em>.</p>

<p>Note that a useful application of the persistence of data schema is given
for example in the case of multi-lingual sites: multiple language versions
(translations) of the same data schema can be offered by the server, using the
HTTP "<code>Content-Language</code>" response header field to properly
indicate that a particular language has been used for the data schema.</p>

<h2>5.5 <a name="Data_Types">Basic Data Structures</a></h2>

<p>The Basic Data Structures are structures used by the P3P base data schema
(and possibly, due to their basic nature, they should be reused as much as
possible by other different data schemas). All P3P-compliant user agent
implementations MUST be aware of the Basic Data Structures. Each table below
specifies the elements of a basic data structure, the categories associated,
their structures, and the display names shown to users. More than one category
may be associated with a fixed data element. However, each base data element
is assigned to only one category whenever possible. Data schema designers are
recommended to do the same.</p>

<h3>5.5.1 <a name="Dates">Dates</a></h3>

<p>The <strong>date</strong> structure specifies a date. Since date
information can be used in different ways, depending on the context, all
<strong>date</strong> information is tagged as being of "variable" category
(see <a href="#variable">Section 5.7.2</a>). For example, schema definitions
can explicitly set the corresponding category in the element referencing this
data structure, where soliciting the birthday of a user might be "Demographic
and Socioeconomic Data", while the expiration date of a credit card might
belong to the "Purchase Information" category.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>date</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">ymd.year</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Year</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">ymd.month</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Month</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">ymd.day</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Day</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">hms.hour</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Hour</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">hms.minute</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Minute</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">hms.second</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Second</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">fractionsecond</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Fraction of Second</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">timezone</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Time Zone</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The "time zone" information is for example described in the time standard
[<a href="#ISO8601">ISO8601</a>]. Note that "date.ymd" and "date.hms" can be
used to fast reference the year/month/day and hour/minute/second blocks
respectively.</p>

<h3>5.5.2 <a name="Names">Names</a></h3>

<p>The <strong>personname</strong> structure specifies information about the
naming of a person.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>personname</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">prefix</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Name Prefix</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">given</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Given Name (First Name)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">family</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Family Name (Last Name)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">middle</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Middle Name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">suffix</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Name Suffix</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">nickname</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Nickname</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3>5.5.3 <a name="Logins">Logins</a></h3>

<p>The <strong>login</strong> structure specify information (IDs and
passwords) for computer systems and Web sites which require authentication.
Note that this data element should not be used for computer systems or Web
sites which use digital certificates for authentication: in those cases, the
<em>certificate</em> structure should be used.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>login</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">id</td>
      <td class="data">Unique Identifiers</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Login ID</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">password</td>
      <td class="data">Unique Identifiers</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Login Password</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The "id" field represents the ID portion of the login information for a
computer system. Often, user IDs are made public, while passwords are kept
secret. IDs do not include any type of biometric authentication
mechanisms.</p>

<p>The "password" field represents the password portion of the login
information for a computer system. This is a secret data value, usually a
character string, that is used in authenticating a user. Passwords are
typically kept secret, and are generally considered to be sensitive
information</p>

<h3>5.5.4 <a name="Certificates">Certificates</a></h3>

<p>The <strong>certificate</strong> structure is used to specify identity
certificates (like, for example, X.509).</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>certificate</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">key</td>
      <td class="data">Unique Identifiers</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Certificate Key</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">format</td>
      <td class="data">Unique Identifiers</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Certificate Format</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The "format" field is used to represent the information of an IANA
registered public key or authentication certificate format, while the "key"
field is used to represent the corresponding certificate key.</p>

<h3>5.5.5 <a name="Telephones">Telephones</a></h3>

<p>The <strong>telephonenum</strong> structure specifies the characteristics
of a telephone number.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>telephonenum</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">intcode</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">International Telephone Code</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">loccode</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Local Telephone Area Code</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">number</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Telephone Number</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">ext</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Telephone Extension</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">comment</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Telephone Optional Comments</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3>5.5.6 <a name="Contact_Information">Contact Information</a></h3>

<p>The <strong>contact</strong> structure is used to specify contact
information. Services can specify precisely which set of data they need,
postal, telecommunication, or online address information.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>contact</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">postal</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information, Demographic and
        Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data">postal</td>
      <td class="data">Postal Address Information</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">telecom</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data">telecom</td>
      <td class="data">Telecommunications Information</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">online</td>
      <td class="data">Online Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data">online</td>
      <td class="data">Online Address Information</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h4>5.5.6.1 <a name="Postal">Postal</a></h4>

<p>The <strong>postal</strong> structure specifies a postal mailing
address.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>postal</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">name</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information, Demographic and
        Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data">personname</td>
      <td class="data">Name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">street</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Street Address</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">city</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">City</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">stateprov</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">State or Province</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">postalcode</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Postal Code</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">country</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Country Name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">organization</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Organization Name</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The "country" field represents the information of the name of the country
(for example, one among the countries listed in [<a
href="#iso3166">ISO3166</a>]).</p>

<h4>5.5.6.2 <a name="Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></h4>

<p>The <strong>telecom</strong> structure specifies telecommunication
information about a person.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>telecom</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">telephone</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data">telephonenum</td>
      <td class="data">Telephone Number</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">fax</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data">telephonenum</td>
      <td class="data">Fax Number</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">mobile</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data">telephonenum</td>
      <td class="data">Mobile Telephone Number</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">pager</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data">telephonenum</td>
      <td class="data">Pager Number</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h4>5.5.6.3 <a name="Online">Online</a></h4>

<p>The <strong>online</strong> structure specifies online information about a
person or legal entity.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>online</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">email</td>
      <td class="data">Online Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Email Address</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">uri</td>
      <td class="data">Online Contact Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Home Page Address</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3>5.5.7 <a name="Internet_Addresses">Access Logs and Internet
Addresses</a></h3>

<p>Two structures used for representing forms of Internet addresses are
provided. The <code>uri</code> structure covers Universal Resource Identifiers
(URI), which are defined in [<a href="#URI">URI</a>]. The <code>ipaddr</code>
structure represents IP addresses and Domain Name System (DNS) hostnames.</p>

<h4>5.5.7.1 <a name="URI_data_structure">URI</a></h4>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>uri</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">authority</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">URI Authority</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">stem</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">URI Stem</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">querystring</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Query-string Portion of URI</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The authority of a URI is defined as the <code>authority</code> component
in [<a href="#URI">URI</a>].  The stem of a URI is defined as the information
contained in the portion of the URI after the authority and up to (and
including) the first '?' character in the URI, and the querystring is the
information contained in the portion of the URI after the first '?' character.
For URIs which do not contain a '?' character, the stem is the entire URI, and
the querystring is empty.</p>

<p>Since URI information can be used in different ways, depending on the
context, all the fields in the <code>uri</code> structure are tagged as being
of "variable" category. Schema definitions MUST explicitly set the
corresponding category in the element referencing this data structure.</p>

<h4>5.5.7.2 <a name="IPaddress_data_structure">ipaddr</a></h4>

<p>The <code>ipaddr</code> structure represents the hostname and IP address of
a system.</p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>ipaddr</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">hostname</td>
      <td class="data">Computer Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Complete Host and Domain Name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">partialhostname</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Partial Hostname</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">fullip</td>
      <td class="data">Computer Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Full IP Address</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">partialip</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Partial IP Address</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The <code>hostname</code> element is used to represent collection of either
the simple hostname of a system, or the full hostname including domain name.
The <code>partialhostname</code> element represents the information of a
fully-qualified hostname which has had <em>at least</em> the host portion
removed from the hostname. In other words, everything up to the first '.' in
the fully-qualified hostname MUST be removed for an address to quality as a
"partial hostname".</p>

<p>The <code>fullip</code> element represents the information of a full IP
version 4 or IP version 6 address. The <code>partialip</code> element
represents an IP version 4 address (only - not a version 6 address) which has
had <em>at least</em> the last 7 bits of information removed. This removal
MUST be done by replacing those bits with a fixed pattern for all visitors
(for example, all 0's or all 1's).</p>

<p>Certain Web sites are known to make use not of the visitor's entire IP
address or hostname, but rather make use of a reduced form of that
information. By collecting only a subset of the address information, the site
visitor is given some measure of anonymity. It is certainly not the intent of
this specification to claim that these "stripped" IP addresses or hostnames
are impossible to associate with an individual user, but rather that it is
significantly more difficult to do so. Sites which perform this data reduction
MAY wish to declare this practice in order to more-accurately reflect their
practices.</p>

<h4><a name="access_log">5.5.7.3 Access Log Information</a></h4>

<p>The <code>loginfo</code> structure is used to represent information
typically stored in Web-server access logs.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>loginfo</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">uri</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and click-stream data</td>
      <td class="data">uri</td>
      <td class="data">URI of Requested Resource</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">timestamp</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and click-stream data</td>
      <td class="data">date</td>
      <td class="data">Request Timestamp</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">clientip</td>
      <td class="data">Computer Information, Demographic and Socioeconomic
        Data</td>
      <td class="data">ipaddr</td>
      <td class="data">Client's IP Address or Hostname</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">other.httpmethod</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and click-stream data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">HTTP Request Method</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">other.bytes</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and click-stream data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Data Bytes in Response</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">other.statuscode</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and click-stream data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Response Status Code</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The resource in the HTTP request is captured by the <code>uri</code> field.
The time at which the server processes the request is represented by the
<code>timestamp</code> field. Server implementations are free to define this
field as the time the request was received, the time that the server began
sending the response, the time that sending the response was complete, or some
other convenient representation of the time the request was processed. The IP
address of the client system making the request is given by the
<code>clientip</code> field.</p>

<p>The <code>other</code> data fields represent other information commonly
stored in Web server access logs. <code>other.httpmethod</code> is the HTTP
method (such as <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, etc) in the client's
request. <code>other.bytes</code> indicates the number of bytes in the
response-body sent by the server. <code>other.statuscode</code> is the HTTP
status code on the request, such as 200, 302, or 404 (see section 6.1.1 of [<a
href="#HTTP1_1_ref">HTTP1.1</a>] for details).</p>

<h4>5.5.7.4 <a name="other_http_info">Other HTTP Protocol Information</a></h4>

<p>The <code>httpinfo</code> structure represents information carried by the
HTTP protocol which is not covered by the <code>loginfo</code> structure.</p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>httpinfo</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">referer</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and click-stream data</td>
      <td class="data">uri</td>
      <td class="data">Last URI Requested by the User</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">useragent</td>
      <td class="data">Computer Information</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">User Agent Information</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>The <code>useragent</code> field represents the information in the HTTP
<code>User-Agent</code> header (which gives information about the type and
version of the user's Web browser), and/or the HTTP <code>accept</code>*
headers.</p>

<p>The <code>referer</code> field represents the  information in the HTTP
<code>Referer</code> header, which gives information about the previous page
visited by the user. Note that this field is misspelled in exactly the same
way as the corresponding HTTP header.</p>

<h2>5.6 <a name="Base_Data_Schema">The base data schema</a></h2>

<p>All P3P-compliant user agent implementations MUST be aware of the data
elements in the P3P base data schema. The P3P base data schema includes the
definition of the basic data structures, and four data element sets:
<strong><code>user</code></strong>, <strong><code>thirdparty</code></strong>,
<strong><code>business</code></strong> and
<strong><code>dynamic</code></strong>. The <code>user</code>,
<code>thirdparty</code> and <code>business</code> sets include elements that
users and/or businesses might provide values for, while the
<code>dynamic</code> set includes elements that are dynamically generated in
the course of a user's browsing session. User agents may support a variety of
mechanisms that allow users to provide values for the elements in the
<code>user</code> set and store them in a data repository, including
mechanisms that support multiple personae. Users may choose not to provide
values for these data elements.</p>

<p>The formal XML definition of the P3P base data schema is given in <a
href="#basedataxml">Appendix 3</a>. In the following sections, the base data
elements and sets are explained one by one. In the future there will be in all
likelihood <em>demand for the creation of other data sets and elements.</em>
Obvious applications include catalogue, payment, and agent/system attribute
schemas (an extensive set of system elements is provided for example in <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-agent-attributes">http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-agent-attributes</a>.)</p>

<p>Each table below specifies a <strong>set</strong>, the elements within the
set, the category associated with the element, its structure, and the display
name shown to users. More than one category may be associated with a fixed
data element. However, each base data element is assigned to only one category
whenever possible. It is recommended that data schema designers do the
same.</p>

<h3>5.6.1 <a name="User_Data">User Data</a></h3>

<p>The <strong><code>user</code></strong> data set includes general
information about the user.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>user</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">name</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information, Demographic and
        Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data">personname</td>
      <td class="data">User's Name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">bdate</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data">date</td>
      <td class="data">User's Birth Date</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">login</td>
      <td class="data">Unique Identifiers</td>
      <td class="data">login</td>
      <td class="data">User's Login Information</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">cert</td>
      <td class="data">Unique Identifiers</td>
      <td class="data">certificate</td>
      <td class="data">User's Identity Certificate</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">gender</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">User's Gender (Male or Female)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">employer</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">User's Employer</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">department</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Department or Division of Organization where User is
        Employed</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">jobtitle</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">User's Job Title</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">home-info</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information, Online Contact
        Information, Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data">contact</td>
      <td class="data">User's Home Contact Information</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">business-info</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information, Online Contact
        Information, Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data">contact</td>
      <td class="data">User's Business Contact Information</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>Note, that this data set includes elements that are actually sets of data
themselves. These sets are defined in the <a href="#Data_Types">Data
Structures</a> subsection of this document. The short display name for an
individual element contained within a data set is defined as the concatenation
of the short display names that have been defined for the set and the element,
separated by a separator appropriate for the language/script in question, e.g.
a comma for English. For example, the short display name for
<code>user.home-info.postal.postalcode</code> could be "User's Home Contact
Information, Postal Address Information, Postal code". User agent
implementations may prefer to develop their own short display names rather
than using the concatenated names when displaying information for the
user.</p>

<h3>5.6.2 <a name="Third-Party-Data">Third Party Data</a></h3>

<p>The <strong><code>thirdparty</code></strong> data set allows users and
businesses to provide values for a related third party. This can be useful
whenever third party information needs to be exchanged, for example when
ordering a present online that should be sent to another person, or when
providing information about one's spouse or business partner. Such information
could be stored in a user repository alongside the <code>user</code> data set.
User agents may offer to store multiple such <code>thirdparty</code> data sets
and allow users to select the appropriate values from a list when
necessary.</p>

<p>The <code>thirdparty</code> data set is identical with the
<code>user</code> data set. See section <a href="#User_Data">5.6.1 User
Data</a> for details.</p>

<h3>5.6.3 <a name="Business-Data">Business Data</a></h3>

<p>The <strong><code>business</code></strong> data set features a subset of
<code>user</code> data relevant for describing legal entities. In P3P1.0, this
data set is primarily used for declaring the policy entity, although it should
also be applicable to business-to-business interactions.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>business</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">name</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Organization Name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">department</td>
      <td class="data">Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Department or Division of Organization</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">cert</td>
      <td class="data">Unique Identifiers</td>
      <td class="data">certificate</td>
      <td class="data">Organization Identity Certificate</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">contact-info</td>
      <td class="data">Physical Contact Information, Online Contact
        Information, Demographic and Socioeconomic Data</td>
      <td class="data">contact</td>
      <td class="data">Contact Information for the Organization</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3>5.6.4 <a name="Dynamic_Data">Dynamic Data</a></h3>

<p>In some cases, there is a need to specify data elements that do not have
fixed values that a user might type in or store in a repository. In the P3P
base data schema, all such elements are grouped under the <code>dynamic</code>
data set. Sites may refer to the types of data they collect using the dynamic
data set only, rather than enumerating all of the specific data elements.</p>

<p></p>

<table cellpadding="2" width="100%" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td class="data"><strong><code>dynamic</code></strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Category</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Structure</strong></td>
      <td class="data"><strong>Short display name</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">clickstream</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and Click-stream Data, Computer
      Information</td>
      <td class="data">loginfo</td>
      <td class="data">Click-stream Information</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">http</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and Click-stream Data, Computer
      Information</td>
      <td class="data">httpinfo</td>
      <td class="data">HTTP Protocol Information</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">clientevents</td>
      <td class="data">Navigation and Click-stream Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">User's Interaction with a Resource</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">cookies</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Use of HTTP Cookies</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="variable">
      <td class="data">miscdata</td>
      <td class="data"><em>(<a
      href="#variable">variable-category</a>)</em></td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Miscellaneous Non-base Data Schema Information</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">searchtext</td>
      <td class="data">Interactive Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Search Terms</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="data">interactionrecord</td>
      <td class="data">Interactive Data</td>
      <td class="data"><em>unstructured</em></td>
      <td class="data">Server Stores the Transaction History</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p>These elements are often implicit in navigation or Web interactions. They
should be used with categories to describe the type of information collected
through these methods. A brief description of each element follows.</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><strong>clickstream</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>The <code>clickstream</code> element is expected to apply to
      practically all Web sites. It represents the combination of information
      typically found in Web server access logs: the IP address or hostname of
      the user's computer, the URI of the resource requested, the time the
      request was made, the HTTP method used in the request, the size of the
      response, and the HTTP status code in the response. Web sites that
      collect standard server access logs as well as sites which do URI path
      analysis can use this data element to describe how that data will be
      used. Web sites that collect only some of the data elements listed for
      the <code>clickstream</code> element MAY choose to list those specific
      elements rather than the entire <code>dynamic.clickstream</code>
      element. This allows sites with more limited data-collection practices
      to accurately present those practices to their visitors.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>http</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>The <code>http</code> element contains additional information
      contained in the HTTP protocol. See the definition of the
      <code>httpinfo</code> structure for descriptions of specific elements.
      Sites MAY use the <code>dynamic.http</code> field as a shorthand to
      cover all the elements in the <code>httpinfo</code> structure if they
      wish, or they MAY reference the specific elements in the
      <code>httpinfo</code> structure.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>clientevents</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>The <code>clientevents</code> element represents data about how the
      user interacts with their Web browser while interacting with a resource.
      For example, an application may wish to collect information about
      whether the user moved their mouse over a certain image on a page, or
      whether the user ever brought up the help window in a Java applet. This
      kind of information is represented by the dynamic.clientevents data
      element. Much of this interaction record is represented by the events
      and data defined by the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Events [<a
      href="#ref_DOM2-Events">DOM2-Events</a>]. The <code>clientevents</code>
      data element also covers any other data regarding the user's interaction
      with their browser while the browser is displaying a resource. The
      exception is events which are covered by other elements in the base data
      schema. For example, requesting a page by clicking on a link is part of
      the user's interaction with their browser while viewing a page, but
      merely collecting the URL the user has clicked on does not require
      declaring this data element; <code>clickstream</code> covers that event.
      However, the DOM event <code>DOMFocusIn</code> (representing the user
      moving their mouse over an object on a page) is not covered by any other
      existing element, so if a site is collecting the occurrence of this
      event, then it needs to state that it collects the dynamic.clientevents
      element. Items covered by this data element are typically collected by
      client-side scripting languages, such as JavaScript, or by client-side
      applets, such as ActiveX or Java applets. Note that while the previous
      discussion has been in terms of a user viewing a resource, this data
      element also applies to Web applications which do not display resources
      visually - for example, audio-based Web browsers.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>cookies</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>The <code>cookies</code> element should be used whenever HTTP cookies
      are set or retrieved by a site. Please note that <code>cookies</code> is
      a <em>variable data element</em> and requires the explicit declaration
      of usage categories in a policy.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>miscdata</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>The <code>miscdata</code> element references information collected by
      the service that the service does not reference using a specific data
      element. Categories have to be used to better describe these data: sites
      MUST reference a separate <code>miscdata</code> element in their
      policies for each category of miscellaneous data they collect.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>searchtext</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>The <code>searchtext</code> element references a specific type of
      solicitation used for searching and indexing sites. For example, if the
      only fields on a search engine page are search fields, the site only
      needs to disclose that data element.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>interactionrecord</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>The <code>interactionrecord</code> element should be used if the
      server is keeping track of the interaction it has with the user (i.e.
      information other than clickstream data, for example account
      transactions, etc).</dd>
</dl>

<h2><a name="categories_and_data">5.7 Categories and Data
Elements/Structures</a></h2>

<h3>5.7.1 <a name="fixed">Fixed-Category Data Elements/Structures</a></h3>

<p>Most of the elements in the base data schema are so called <em>"fixed"</em>
data elements: they belong to one or at most two category classes. By
assigning a category invariably to elements or structures in the base data
schema, services and users are able to refer to entire groups of elements
simply by referencing the corresponding category. For example, using [<a
href="#APPEL">APPEL</a>], the privacy preferences exchange language, users can
write rules that warn them when they visit a site that collects any data
element in a certain category.</p>

<p>When creating data schemas for fixed data elements, schema creators have to
explicitly enumerate the categories that these element belong to. For
example:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.street"     structref="#text" 
          short-description="Street Address"&gt;
&lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt; </pre>

<p>If an element or structure belongs to multiple categories, multiple
elements referencing the appropriate categories can be used. For example, the
following piece of XML can be used to declare that the data elements in
user.name have both category "physical" and "demographic":</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="user.name"     structref="#personname" 
          short-description="User's Name"&gt;
&lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt; </pre>

<p>Please note that the category classes of fixed data elements/structures can
<strong>not</strong> be overridden, for example by writing rules or policies
that assign a different category to a known fixed base data element. User
agents MUST ignore such categories and instead use the original category (or
set of categories) listed in the schema definition. User agents MAY preferably
alert the user that a fixed data element is used together with a non-standard
category class.</p>

<h3>5.7.2 <a name="variable">Variable-Category Data
Elements/Structures</a></h3>

<p>Not all data elements/structures in the base data schema belong to a
pre-determined category class. Some can contain information from a range of
categories, depending on a particular situation. Such elements/structures are
called <em>variable-category data elements/structures</em> (or "variable data
element/structure" for short). Although most variable data elements in the P3P
base data schema are combined in the <strong>dynamic</strong> element set,
they can appear in any data set, even mixed with <em>fixed-category data
elements</em>.</p>

<p>When creating a schema definition for such elements and/or structures,
schema authors MUST NOT list an explicit category attribute, otherwise the
element/structure becomes <em>fixed</em>. For example when specifying the
"Year" <em>Data Structure</em>, which can take various categories depending on
the situation (e.g. when used for a credit card expiration date vs. for a
birth date), the following schema definition can be used:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.ymd.year"
          short-description="Year"/&gt;  &lt;!-- Variable Data Structure--&gt; </pre>

<p>This allows new schema extensions that reference such variable-category
<em>Data Structures</em> to assign a specific category to derived elements,
depending on their usage in that extension. For example, an e-commerce schema
extension could thus define a credit card expiration date as follows:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="Card.ExpDate"         structref="#date.ymd" 
          short-description="Card Expiration Date"&gt;
&lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;purchase/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt; </pre>

<p>Under these conditions, the variable Data Structure <strong>date</strong>
is assigned a fixed category <a href="#Categories">"Purchase Information</a>"
when being used for specifying a credit card expiration date.</p>

<p>Note that while user preferences can list such variable data elements
without any additional category information (effectively expressing
preferences over <em>any</em> usage of this element), services MUST always
explicitly specify the categories that apply to the usage of a variable data
element in their particular policy. This information has to appear as a
category element in the corresponding <code>DATA</code> element listed in the
policy, for example as in:</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;POLICY ... &gt;
   ...
   &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.cookies"&gt;&lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;/DATA&gt;
   ...
&lt;/POLICY&gt; </pre>

<p>where a service declares that cookies are used to recognize the user at
this site (i.e. category <a href="#Categories">Unique Identifiers</a>).</p>

<p>If a service wants to declare a data element that is in multiple
categories, it simply declares the corresponding categories (as shown in the
<a href="#fixed">above section</a>):</p>
<pre class="sample">&lt;POLICY ... &gt;
   ...
   &lt;DATA ref="#dynamic.cookies"&gt;&lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;preference/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;/DATA&gt;
   ...
&lt;/POLICY&gt; </pre>

<p>With the above declaration a service announces that it uses cookies both to
recognize the user at this site <em>and</em> for storing user preference data.
Note that for the purpose of P3P there is no difference whether this
information is stored in two separate cookies or in a single one.</p>

<p>Finally, note that categories can be inherited as well: <em>Categories
inherit downward when a field is structured, but only into fields which have
no predefined category.</em> Therefore, we suggest to schema authors that they
do their best to insure that all applicable categories are applied to new data
elements they create.</p>

<h2>5.6 <a name="using_data_elements">Using Data Elements</a></h2>

<p>P3P offers Web sites a great deal of flexibility in how they describe the
types of data they collect.</p>
<ul>
  <li>Sites may describe data generally using the
    <strong>dynamic.miscdata</strong> element and the appropriate
  categories.</li>
  <li>Sites may describe data specifically using the data elements defined in
    the base data schema.</li>
  <li>Sites may describe data specifically using data elements defined in new
    data schemas.</li>
</ul>

<p>Any of these three methods may be combined within a single policy.</p>

<p>By using the <code><strong>dynamic.miscdata</strong></code> element, sites
can specify the types of data they collect without having to enumerate every
individual data element. This may be convenient for sites that collect a lot
of data or sites belonging to large organizations that want to offer a single
P3P policy covering the entire organization. However, the disadvantage of this
approach is that user agents will have to assume that the site might collect
any data element belonging to the categories referenced by the site. So, for
example, if a site's policy states that it collects
<code><strong>dynamic.miscdata</strong></code> of the physical contact
information category, but the only physical contact information it collects is
business address, user agents will nonetheless assume that the site might also
collect telephone numbers. If the site wishes to be clear that it does not
collect telephone numbers or any other physical contact information other than
business address, than it should disclose that it collects
<code><strong>user.business-info.contact.postal</strong></code>. Furthermore,
as user agents are developed with automatic form-filling capabilities, it is
likely that sites that enumerate the data they collect will be able to better
integrate with these tools.</p>

<p>By defining new data schemas, sites can precisely specify the data they
collect beyond the base data set. However, if user agents are unfamiliar with
the elements defined in these schemas, they will be able to provide only
minimal information to the user about these new elements. The information they
provide will be based on the category and display names specified for each
element.</p>

<p>Regardless of whether a site wishes to make general or specific data
disclosures, there are additional advantages to disclosing specific elements
from the <code><strong>dynamic</strong></code> data set. For example, by
disclosing <code><strong>dynamic.cookies</strong></code> a site can indicate
that it uses cookies and explain the purpose of this use. User agent
implementations that offer users cookie control interfaces based on this
information are encouraged. Likewise, user agents that by default do not send
the HTTP_REFERER header, might look for the
<code><strong>dynamic.http.referer</strong></code> element in P3P policies and
send the header if it will be used for a purpose the user finds
acceptable.</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>
<hr>

<h1>6. <a name="Appendices">Appendices</a></h1>

<h2>Appendix 1: <a name="References_normative">References</a> (Normative)</h2>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt>[<a name="ABNF"><strong>ABNF</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>D. Crocker, P. Overel. "<a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2234.txt">Augmented BNF for Syntax
      Specifications: ABNF</a>," RFC2234, IETF, November 1997.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2234.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2234.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="CHARMODEL"><strong>CHARMODEL</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>M. Dürst, <em>et al.</em> (Eds.), "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/">Character Model for the World Wide
      Web</a>," <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>
      Working Draft. 20 February 2002.<br>
      Latest version available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/">http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<strong><a name="ref_DOM2-Events">DOM2-Events</a></strong>]</dt>
    <dd>T. Pixley (Ed.), "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/">Document Object Model
      (DOM) Level 2 Events Specification</a>," <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, Recommendation.
      13 November 2000.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/">http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="HTTP1_0_ref"><strong>HTTP1.0</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk, "<a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt">Hypertext Transfer Protocol
      -- HTTP/1.0</a>," RFC1945, IETF, May 1996.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="HTTP1_1_ref"><strong>HTTP1.1</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach,
      T. Berners-Lee, "<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">Hypertext
      Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1</a>," RFC2616, IETF, June 1999. [Updates
      <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2068.txt">RFC2068</a>]<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<strong><a name="HTML">HTML</a></strong>]</dt>
    <dd>D. Raggett, A. Le Hors, and I. Jacobs (Eds.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/">HTML 4.01 Specification</a>" <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, Recommendation.
      24 Dicember 1999.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/">http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="KEY"><strong>KEY</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>S. Bradner. "<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">Key words
      for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a>." RFC2119, IETF,
      March 1997.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<strong><a name="LANG">LANG</a></strong>]</dt>
    <dd>H. Alvestrand, "<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1766.txt">Tags for
      the Identification of Languages.</a>" RFC1766, IETF, 1995.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1766.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1766.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="ref_STATE"><strong>STATE</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>D. Kristol, L. Montulli, "<a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt">HTTP State Management
      Mechanism</a>." RFC2695, IETF, October, 2000 [Obsoletes <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt">RFC2109</a>]<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="URI"><strong>URI</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter. "<a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">Uniform Resource Identifiers
      (URI): Generic Syntax and Semantics</a>." RFC2396, IETF, August 1998.
      [Updates <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt">RFC1738</a>]<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="UTF-8"><strong>UTF-8</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>F. Yergeau. "<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2279.txt">UTF-8, a
      transformation format of ISO 10646</a>." RFC2279, IETF, January
      1998.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2279.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2279.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<strong><a name="XHTML-MOD">XHTML-MOD</a></strong>]</dt>
    <dd>M. Altheim, <em>et al.</em> (Eds.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/">Modularization of
      XHTML</a>". <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>,
      Recommendation. 10 April 2000.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="XML"><strong>XML</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, E.Maler (Eds.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
      Specification (Second Edition)</a>." <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World
      Wide Web Consortium</a>, Recommendation. 6 October 2000.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="XML-Name"><strong>XML-Name</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman (Eds.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">Namespaces in XML.</a>" <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, Recommendation.
      14 January 1999.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="XML-Schema1"><strong>XML-Schema1</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>H. Thompson, D. Beech, M. Maloney, and N. Mendelsohn (Eds.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/">XML Schema Part 1:
      Structures</a>" <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web
      Consortium</a> Recommendation. 2 May 2001.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="XML-Schema2"><strong>XML-Schema2</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>P. Biron, A. Malhotra (Eds.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">XML Schema Part 2:
      Datatypes</a>" <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web
      Consortium</a> Recommendation. 2 May 2001.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/</a>.</dd>
</dl>

<h2>Appendix 2: <a name="References_nonnormative">References</a>
(Non-Normative)</h2>

<p></p>
<dl>
  <dt>[<strong><a name="APPEL">APPEL</a></strong>]</dt>
    <dd>M. Langheinrich (Ed.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P-preferences">A P3P Preference Exchange
      Language (APPEL)</a>." <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web
      Consortium</a> Working Draft. 26 February 2001.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P-preferences">http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P-preferences</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="CACHING"><strong>CACHING</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>I. Cooper, I. Melve, G. Tomlinson. "<a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3040.txt">Internet Web Replication and
      Caching Taxonomy</a>." RFC3040, IETF, January 2001.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3040.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3040.txt</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="ref_COOKIES"><strong>COOKIES</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>"<a
      href="http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html">Persistent
      Client State -- HTTP Cookies</a>," Preliminary Specification, Netscape,
      1999.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html">http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="iso3166"><strong>ISO3166</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>"ISO3166: Codes for The Representation of Names of Countries."
      International Organization for Standardization.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="ISO8601"><strong>ISO8601</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>"ISO8601: Data elements and interchange formats -- Information
      interchange -- Representation of dates and times." International
      Organization for Standardization.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="P3P-HEADER"><strong>P3P-HEADER</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>M. Marchiori, R. Lotenberg (Eds.), "The HTTP header for the Platform
      for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0)." IETF Internet Draft, 2002.<br>
      Latest version available as text at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-header.txt">http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-header.txt</a>.<br>
      Latest version available as HTML at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-header.html">http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-header.html</a>.<br>
      Latest version available as XML at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-header.xml">http://www.w3.org/2002/04/P3Pv1-header.xml</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<strong><a name="P3P-RDF">P3P-RDF</a></strong>]</dt>
    <dd>B. McBride, R.Wenning, L.Cranor. "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/p3p-rdfschema/">An RDF Schema for P3P</a>."
      <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, Note. 25
      January 2002.<br>
      Latest version available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/p3p-rdfschema/">http://www.w3.org/TR/p3p-rdfschema/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="RDF"><strong>RDF</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>O. Lassila and R. Swick (Eds.). "<a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/">Resource Description
      Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification.</a>" <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, Recommendation.
      22 February 1999.<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/</a>.</dd>
  <dt>[<a name="UNICODE"><strong>UNICODE</strong></a>]</dt>
    <dd>Unicode Consortium. "<a
      href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/standard.html">The Unicode
      Standard</a>"<br>
      Available at <a
      href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/standard.html">http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/standard.html</a>.</dd>
</dl>

<h2><a name="basedataxml">Appendix 3: The P3P base data schema Definition
(Normative)</a></h2>

<p>The data schema corresponding to the P3P base data schema follows for easy
reference. The schema is also present as a separate file at the URI <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base">http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base</a> .</p>
<pre>&lt;DATASCHEMA xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;
&lt;!-- ********** Base Data Structures ********** --&gt;

&lt;!-- "date" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.ymd.year"
    short-description="Year"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.ymd.month"
    short-description="Month"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.ymd.day"
    short-description="Day"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.hms.hour"
    short-description="Hour"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.hms.minute"
    short-description="Minutes"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.hms.second"
    short-description="Second"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.fractionsecond"
    short-description="Fraction of Second"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="date.timezone"
    short-description="Time Zone"/&gt;

&lt;!-- "login" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="login.id"
    short-description="Login ID"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="login.password"
    short-description="Login Password"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "personname" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="personname.prefix"
    short-description="Name Prefix"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="personname.given"
    short-description="Given Name (First Name)"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="personname.middle"
    short-description="Middle Name"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="personname.family"
    short-description="Family Name (Last Name)"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="personname.suffix"
    short-description="Name Suffix"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="personname.nickname"
    short-description="Nickname"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "certificate" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="certificate.key"
    short-description="Certificate key"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="certificate.format"
    short-description="Certificate format"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "telephonenum" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telephonenum.intcode"
    short-description="International Telephone Code"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telephonenum.loccode"
    short-description="Local Telephone Area Code"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telephonenum.number"
    short-description="Telephone Number"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telephonenum.ext"
    short-description="Telephone Extension"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telephonenum.comment"
    short-description="Telephone Optional Comments"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "postal" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.name" structref="#personname"&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.street"
    short-description="Street Address"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.city"
    short-description="City"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.stateprov"
    short-description="State or Province"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.postalcode"
    short-description="Postal Code"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.organization"
    short-description="Organization Name"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="postal.country"
    short-description="Country Name"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "telecom" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telecom.telephone"
    short-description="Telephone Number"
    structref="#telephonenum"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telecom.fax"
    short-description="Fax Number"
    structref="#telephonenum"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telecom.mobile"
    short-description="Mobile Telephone Number"
    structref="#telephonenum"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="telecom.pager"
    short-description="Pager Number"
    structref="#telephonenum"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "online" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="online.email"
    short-description="Email Address"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="online.uri"
    short-description="Home Page Address"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "contact" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="contact.postal"
    short-description="Postal Address Information"
    structref="#postal"&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="contact.telecom"
    short-description="Telecommunications Information"
    structref="#telecom"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="contact.online"
    short-description="Online Address Information"
    structref="#online"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "uri" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="uri.authority"
    short-description="URI Authority"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="uri.stem"
    short-description="URI Stem"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="uri.querystring"
    short-description="Query-string Portion of URI"/&gt;

&lt;!-- "ipaddr" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="ipaddr.hostname"
    short-description="Complete Host and Domain Name"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;computer/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="ipaddr.partialhostname"
    short-description="Partial Hostname"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="ipaddr.fullip"
    short-description="Full IP Address"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;computer/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="ipaddr.partialip"
    short-description="Partial IP Address"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "loginfo" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="loginfo.uri"
    short-description="URI of Requested Resource"
    structref="#uri"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="loginfo.timestamp"
    short-description="Request Timestamp"
    structref="#date"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="loginfo.clientip"
    short-description="Client's IP Address or Hostname"
    structref="#ipaddr"&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="loginfo.other.httpmethod"
    short-description="HTTP Request Method"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="loginfo.other.bytes"
    short-description="Data Bytes in Response"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="loginfo.other.statuscode"
    short-description="Response Status Code"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- "httpinfo" Data Structure --&gt;
&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="httpinfo.referer"
    short-description="Last URI Requested by the User"
    structref="#uri"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;DATA-STRUCT name="httpinfo.useragent"
    short-description="User Agent Information"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;computer/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-STRUCT&gt;

&lt;!-- ********** Base Data Schemas ********** --&gt;

&lt;!-- "dynamic" Data Schema --&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="dynamic.clickstream"
    short-description="Click-stream Information"
    structref="#loginfo"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;computer/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="dynamic.http"
    short-description="HTTP Protocol Information"
    structref="#httpinfo"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;computer/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="dynamic.clientevents"
    short-description="User's Interaction with a Resource"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;navigation/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="dynamic.cookies"
    short-description="Use of HTTP Cookies"/&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="dynamic.searchtext"
    short-description="Search Terms"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;interactive/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="dynamic.interactionrecord"
    short-description="Server Stores the Transaction History"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;interactive/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="dynamic.miscdata"
    short-description="Miscellaneous Non-base Data Schema =
information"/&gt;

&lt;!-- "user" Data Schema --&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.name"
    short-description="User's Name"
    structref="#personname"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.bdate"
    short-description="User's Birth Date"
    structref="#date"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.login"
    short-description="User's Login Information"
    structref="#login"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.cert"
    short-description="User's Identity Certificate"
    structref="#certificate"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.gender"
    short-description="User's Gender"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.jobtitle"
    short-description="User's Job Title"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.home-info"
    short-description="User's Home Contact Information"
    structref="#contact"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.business-info"
    short-description="User's Business Contact Information"
    structref="#contact"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.employer"
    short-description="Name of User's Employer"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="user.department"
    short-description="Department or Division of Organization where User is Employed"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;!-- "thirdparty" Data Schema --&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.name"
    short-description="Third Party's Name"
    structref="#personname"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.bdate"
    short-description="Third Party's Birth Date"
    structref="#date"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.login"
    short-description="Third Party's Login Information"
    structref="#login"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.cert"
    short-description="Third Party's Identity Certificate"
    structref="#certificate"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.gender"
    short-description="Third Party's Gender"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.jobtitle"
    short-description="Third Party's Job Title"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.home-info"
    short-description="Third Party's Home Contact Information"
    structref="#contact"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.business-info"
    short-description="Third Party's Business Contact Information"
    structref="#contact"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.employer"
    short-description="Name of Third Party's Employer"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="thirdparty.department"
    short-description="Department or Division of Organization where Third Party is Employed"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;!-- "business" Data Schema --&gt;
&lt;DATA-DEF name="business.name"
    short-description="Organization Name"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="business.department"
    short-description="Department or Division of Organization"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="business.cert"
    short-description="Organization Identity certificate"
    structref="#certificate"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;uniqueid/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;DATA-DEF name="business.contact-info"
    short-description="Contact Information for the Organization"
    structref="#contact"&gt;
    &lt;CATEGORIES&gt;&lt;physical/&gt;&lt;online/&gt;&lt;demographic/&gt;&lt;/CATEGORIES&gt;
&lt;/DATA-DEF&gt;

&lt;/DATASCHEMA&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="Appendix_schema">Appendix 4: XML Schema Definition
(Normative)</a></h2>

<p>This appendix contains the XML schema for P3P policy reference files, for
P3P policy documents, and for P3P data schema documents. P3P policy reference
files, P3P policy documents and P3P data schema documents are XML documents
that MUST conform to this schema. Note that this schema is based on the XML
Schema specification [<a href="#XML-Schema1">XML-Schema1</a>][<a
href="#XML-Schema2">XML-Schema2</a>]. The schema is also present as a separate
file at the URI <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1.xsd">http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1.xsd</a>
.</p>
<pre>&lt;?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?&gt;
&lt;schema
  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
  xmlns:p3p='http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1'
  targetNamespace='http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1'
  elementFormDefault='qualified'&gt;

&lt;!-- enabling xml:lang attribute --&gt;
 &lt;import namespace='http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace' 
    schemaLocation='http://www.w3.org/2001/xml.xsd' /&gt;

&lt;!-- Basic P3P Data Type --&gt;
 &lt;simpleType name='yes_no'&gt;
  &lt;restriction base='string'&gt;
   &lt;enumeration value='yes'/&gt;
   &lt;enumeration value='no'/&gt;
  &lt;/restriction&gt;
 &lt;/simpleType&gt;


&lt;!-- *********** Policy Reference *********** --&gt;
&lt;!-- ************** META ************** --&gt;
 &lt;element name='META'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:POLICY-REFERENCES'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:POLICIES' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;attribute ref='xml:lang' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ******* POLICY-REFERENCES ******** --&gt;
 &lt;element name='POLICY-REFERENCES'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXPIRY' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:POLICY-REF' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:HINT' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
  &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;element name='POLICY-REF'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element name='INCLUDE' 
             minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded' type='anyURI'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='EXCLUDE' 
             minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded' type='anyURI'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='COOKIE-INCLUDE' 
             minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded' type='p3p:cookie-element'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='COOKIE-EXCLUDE'
             minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded' type='p3p:cookie-element'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='METHOD' 
             minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded' type='anyURI'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='about' type='anyURI' use='required'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='cookie-element'&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='name' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='value' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='domain' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='path' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
 &lt;/complexType&gt;

&lt;!-- ************* HINT ************* --&gt;
 &lt;element name='HINT'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='scope' type='string' use='required'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='path' type='string' use='required'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ************ POLICIES ************ --&gt;
 &lt;element name='POLICIES'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXPIRY' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:DATASCHEMA' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:POLICY' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;attribute ref='xml:lang' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;


&lt;!-- ************* EXPIRY ************* --&gt;
 &lt;element name='EXPIRY'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='max-age' type='nonNegativeInteger' use='optional'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='date' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- **************** Policy **************** --&gt;
&lt;!-- ************* POLICY ************* --&gt;
 &lt;element name='POLICY'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:TEST' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:ENTITY'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:ACCESS'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:DISPUTES-GROUP' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:STATEMENT' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='discuri' type='anyURI' use='required'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='opturi' type='anyURI' use='optional'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='name' type='ID' use='required'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute ref='xml:lang' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ************* TEST ************* --&gt;
 &lt;element name='TEST'&gt;
  &lt;complexType/&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ************* ENTITY ************* --&gt;
 &lt;element name='ENTITY'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='DATA-GROUP'&gt;
     &lt;complexType&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
       &lt;element name='DATA' type='p3p:data-in-entity' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
     &lt;/complexType&gt;
    &lt;/element&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='data-in-entity' mixed='true'&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='ref' type='anyURI' use='required'/&gt;
 &lt;/complexType&gt;

&lt;!-- ************* ACCESS ************* --&gt;
 &lt;element name='ACCESS'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;choice&gt;
     &lt;element name='nonident' type='p3p:access-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='ident-contact' type='p3p:access-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='other-ident' type='p3p:access-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='contact-and-other' type='p3p:access-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='all' type='p3p:access-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='none' type='p3p:access-value'/&gt;
    &lt;/choice&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='access-value'/&gt;

&lt;!-- ************ DISPUTES ************ --&gt;
 &lt;element name='DISPUTES-GROUP'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:DISPUTES' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;element name='DISPUTES'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;choice minOccurs='0'&gt;
     &lt;sequence&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:LONG-DESCRIPTION'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:IMG' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:REMEDIES' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
     &lt;/sequence&gt;
     &lt;sequence&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:IMG'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:REMEDIES' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
     &lt;/sequence&gt;
     &lt;sequence&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:REMEDIES'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
     &lt;/sequence&gt;
    &lt;/choice&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='resolution-type' use='required'&gt;
    &lt;simpleType&gt;
     &lt;restriction base='string'&gt;
      &lt;enumeration value='service'/&gt;
      &lt;enumeration value='independent'/&gt;
      &lt;enumeration value='court'/&gt;
      &lt;enumeration value='law'/&gt;
     &lt;/restriction&gt;
    &lt;/simpleType&gt;
   &lt;/attribute&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='service' type='anyURI' use='required'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='verification' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='short-description' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ******** LONG-DESCRIPTION ******** --&gt;
 &lt;element name='LONG-DESCRIPTION'&gt;
  &lt;simpleType&gt;
   &lt;restriction base='string'/&gt;
  &lt;/simpleType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ************** IMG *************** --&gt;
 &lt;element name='IMG'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='src' type='anyURI' use='required'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='width' type='nonNegativeInteger' use='optional'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='height' type='nonNegativeInteger' use='optional'/&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='alt' type='string' use='required'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ************ REMEDIES ************ --&gt;
 &lt;element name='REMEDIES'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;choice maxOccurs='unbounded'&gt;
     &lt;element name='correct' type='p3p:remedies-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='money' type='p3p:remedies-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='law' type='p3p:remedies-value'/&gt;
    &lt;/choice&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='remedies-value'/&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** STATEMENT ************ --&gt;
 &lt;element name='STATEMENT'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='CONSEQUENCE' minOccurs='0' type='string'/&gt;
    &lt;choice&gt;
     &lt;sequence&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:PURPOSE'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:RECIPIENT'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:RETENTION'/&gt;
      &lt;element name='DATA-GROUP' type='p3p:data-group-type' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
     &lt;/sequence&gt;
     &lt;sequence&gt;
      &lt;element name='NON-IDENTIFIABLE'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:PURPOSE' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:RECIPIENT' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
      &lt;element ref='p3p:RETENTION' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
      &lt;element name='DATA-GROUP' type='p3p:data-group-type' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
     &lt;/sequence&gt;
    &lt;/choice&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- ************ PURPOSE ************* --&gt;
 &lt;element name='PURPOSE'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;choice maxOccurs='unbounded'&gt;
     &lt;element name='current' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='admin' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='develop' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='tailoring' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='pseudo-analysis' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='pseudo-decision' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='individual-analysis' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='individual-decision' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='contact' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='historical' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='telemarketing' type='p3p:purpose-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='other-purpose'&gt;
      &lt;complexType mixed='true'&gt;
       &lt;attribute name='required' use='optional' type='p3p:required-value'/&gt;
      &lt;/complexType&gt;
     &lt;/element&gt;
    &lt;/choice&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;simpleType name='required-value'&gt;
  &lt;restriction base='string'&gt;
   &lt;enumeration value='always'/&gt;
   &lt;enumeration value='opt-in'/&gt;
   &lt;enumeration value='opt-out'/&gt;
  &lt;/restriction&gt;
 &lt;/simpleType&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='purpose-value'&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='required' use='optional' type='p3p:required-value' default='always' /&gt;
 &lt;/complexType&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** RECIPIENT ************ --&gt;
 &lt;element name='RECIPIENT'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;choice maxOccurs='unbounded'&gt;
     &lt;element name='ours'&gt;
      &lt;complexType&gt;
       &lt;sequence&gt;
        &lt;element ref='p3p:recipient-description' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
       &lt;/sequence&gt;
      &lt;/complexType&gt;
     &lt;/element&gt;
     &lt;element name='same' type='p3p:recipient-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='other-recipient' type='p3p:recipient-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='delivery' type='p3p:recipient-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='public' type='p3p:recipient-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='unrelated' type='p3p:recipient-value'/&gt;
    &lt;/choice&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='recipient-value'&gt;
  &lt;sequence&gt;
   &lt;element ref='p3p:recipient-description' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
  &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='required' use='optional' type='p3p:required-value'/&gt;
 &lt;/complexType&gt;

 &lt;element name='recipient-description'&gt;
  &lt;complexType mixed='true'/&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** RETENTION ************ --&gt;
 &lt;element name='RETENTION'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;sequence&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
    &lt;choice&gt;
     &lt;element name='no-retention' type='p3p:retention-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='stated-purpose' type='p3p:retention-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='legal-requirement' type='p3p:retention-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='indefinitely' type='p3p:retention-value'/&gt;
     &lt;element name='business-practices' type='p3p:retention-value'/&gt;
    &lt;/choice&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='retention-value'/&gt;

&lt;!-- ************** DATA ************** --&gt;
 &lt;complexType name='data-group-type'&gt;
  &lt;sequence&gt;
   &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;element name='DATA' type='p3p:data-in-statement' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
   &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION' minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'/&gt;
  &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='base' type='anyURI' 
             use='optional' default='http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base'/&gt;
 &lt;/complexType&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='data-in-statement' mixed='true'&gt;
  &lt;sequence minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'&gt;
   &lt;element ref='p3p:CATEGORIES'/&gt;
  &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='ref' type='anyURI' use='required'/&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='optional' use='optional' default='no' type='p3p:yes_no'/&gt;
 &lt;/complexType&gt;

&lt;!-- ************** Data Schema ************* --&gt;
&lt;!-- *********** DATASCHEMA *********** --&gt;
 &lt;element name='DATASCHEMA'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;choice minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:DATA-DEF'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:DATA-STRUCT'/&gt;
    &lt;element ref='p3p:EXTENSION'/&gt;
   &lt;/choice&gt;
   &lt;attribute ref='xml:lang' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;element name='DATA-DEF' type='p3p:data-def'/&gt;
 &lt;element name='DATA-STRUCT' type='p3p:data-def'/&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='data-def'&gt;
  &lt;sequence&gt;
   &lt;element ref='p3p:CATEGORIES' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
   &lt;element ref='p3p:LONG-DESCRIPTION' minOccurs='0'/&gt;
  &lt;/sequence&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='name' type='ID' use='required'/&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='structref' type='anyURI' use='optional'/&gt;
  &lt;attribute name='short-description' type='string' use='optional'/&gt;
 &lt;/complexType&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** CATEGORIES *********** --&gt;
 &lt;element name='CATEGORIES'&gt;
  &lt;complexType&gt;
   &lt;choice maxOccurs='unbounded'&gt;
    &lt;element name='physical' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='online' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='uniqueid' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='purchase' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='financial' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='computer' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='navigation' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='interactive' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='demographic' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='content' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='state' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='political' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='health' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='preference' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='location' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='government' type='p3p:categories-value'/&gt;
    &lt;element name='other-category' type='string'/&gt;
   &lt;/choice&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

 &lt;complexType name='categories-value'/&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** EXTENSION ************ --&gt;
 &lt;element name='EXTENSION'&gt;
  &lt;complexType mixed='true'&gt;
   &lt;choice minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded'&gt;
    &lt;any minOccurs='0' maxOccurs='unbounded' processContents='skip'/&gt;
   &lt;/choice&gt;
   &lt;attribute name='optional' use='optional' default='yes' type='p3p:yes_no'/&gt;
  &lt;/complexType&gt;
 &lt;/element&gt;

&lt;/schema&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="DTD">Appendix 5: XML DTD Definition (Non-normative)</a></h2>

<p>This appendix contains the DTD for P3P policy reference files, for P3P
policy documents, and for P3P data schema documents. This DTD MAY be used to
verify that P3P files are valid (although, note that there are some valid
files that may be rejected if checked against the DTD). The DTD is also
present as a separate file at the URI <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1.dtd">http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1.dtd</a>
.</p>
<pre>&lt;!-- *************** Entities *************** --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % URI "CDATA"&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % NUMBER "CDATA"&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** Policy Reference *********** --&gt;

&lt;!-- ************** META ************** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT META (EXTENSION*, POLICY-REFERENCES, POLICIES?, EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST META xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST META xmlns CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;

&lt;!-- ******* POLICY-REFERENCES ******** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT POLICY-REFERENCES (EXPIRY?, POLICY-REF*, HINT*, EXTENSION*)&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** POLICY-REF *********** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT POLICY-REF (INCLUDE*,
    EXCLUDE*,<br>
    COOKIE-INCLUDE*,<br>
    COOKIE-EXCLUDE*,
    METHOD*,
    EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST POLICY-REF
    about %URI; #REQUIRED &gt;

&lt;!-- ************** HINT ************** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT HINT EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST HINT
    scope  CDATA  #IMPLIED
    path   CDATA  #IMPLIED &gt;

&lt;!-- ************* EXPIRY ************* --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT EXPIRY EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST EXPIRY
    max-age %NUMBER; #IMPLIED
    date    CDATA    #IMPLIED &gt;

&lt;!-- ************ POLICIES ************ --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT POLICIES (EXPIRY?, DATASCHEMA?,
    POLICY*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST POLICIES xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST POLICIES xmlns CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;

&lt;!-- ***** INCLUDE/EXCLUDE/METHOD ***** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT INCLUDE          (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT EXCLUDE          (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT COOKIE-INCLUDE   EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST COOKIE-INCLUDE
    name   CDATA  #IMPLIED
    value  CDATA  #IMPLIED
    domain CDATA  #IMPLIED
    path   CDATA  #IMPLIED&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT COOKIE-EXCLUDE   EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST COOKIE-EXCLUDE
    name   CDATA  #IMPLIED
    value  CDATA  #IMPLIED
    domain CDATA  #IMPLIED
    path   CDATA  #IMPLIED&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT METHOD           (#PCDATA)&gt;

&lt;!-- **************** Policy **************** --&gt;

&lt;!-- ************* POLICY ************* --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT POLICY (EXTENSION*,
    TEST?,
    ENTITY,
    ACCESS,
    DISPUTES-GROUP?,
    STATEMENT+,
    EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST POLICY
    name     ID      #REQUIRED
    discuri  %URI;   #REQUIRED
    opturi   %URI;   #IMPLIED
    xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED&gt;

&lt;!-- ******** TEST ******** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT TEST EMPTY&gt;

&lt;!-- ************* ENTITY ************* --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT ENTITY (EXTENSION*, DATA-GROUP, EXTENSION*)&gt;

&lt;!-- ************* ACCESS ************* --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT ACCESS (EXTENSION*,
   (nonident
    | all
    | contact-and-other
    | ident-contact
    | other-ident
    | none),
    EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT nonident          EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT all               EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT contact-and-other EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT ident-contact     EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT other-ident       EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT none              EMPTY&gt;

&lt;!-- ************ DISPUTES ************ --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT DISPUTES-GROUP (EXTENSION*, DISPUTES+, EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT DISPUTES (EXTENSION*,
    ( (LONG-DESCRIPTION, IMG?, REMEDIES?, EXTENSION*)
      | (IMG, REMEDIES?, EXTENSION*)
      | (REMEDIES, EXTENSION*) )?)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DISPUTES
    resolution-type   (service | independent | court | law) #REQUIRED
    service           %URI;                                 #REQUIRED
    verification      CDATA                                 #IMPLIED
    short-description CDATA                                 #IMPLIED &gt;

&lt;!-- ******** LONG-DESCRIPTION ******** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT LONG-DESCRIPTION (#PCDATA)&gt;

&lt;!-- ************** IMG *************** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT IMG EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST IMG
    src    %URI;    #REQUIRED
    width  %NUMBER; #IMPLIED
    height %NUMBER; #IMPLIED
    alt    CDATA    #REQUIRED &gt;

&lt;!-- ************ REMEDIES ************ --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT REMEDIES (EXTENSION*, (correct | money | law)+, EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT correct EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT money   EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT law     EMPTY&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** STATEMENT ************ --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT STATEMENT (EXTENSION*,
    CONSEQUENCE?,
    ((PURPOSE,RECIPIENT,RETENTION,DATA-GROUP+)|
     (NON-IDENTIFIABLE,PURPOSE?,RECIPIENT?,RETENTION?,DATA-GROUP*)),
    EXTENSION*)&gt;

&lt;!-- ********** CONSEQUENCE *********** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT CONSEQUENCE (#PCDATA)&gt;

&lt;!-- ******** NON-IDENTIFIABLE ******** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT NON-IDENTIFIABLE EMPTY&gt;

&lt;!-- ************ PURPOSE ************* --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT PURPOSE (EXTENSION*,
   (current
    | admin
    | develop
    | customization
    | tailoring
    | pseudo-analysis
    | pseudo-decision
    | individual-analysis
    | individual-decision
    | contact
    | historical
    | telemarketing
    | other-purpose)+,
    EXTENSION*)&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % pur_att
         "required (always | opt-in | opt-out) #IMPLIED"&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT current             EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST current             %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT admin               EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST admin               %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT develop             EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST develop             %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT customization       EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST customization       %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT tailoring           EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST tailoring           %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT pseudo-analysis     EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST pseudo-analysis     %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT pseudo-decision     EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST pseudo-decision     %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT individual-analysis EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST individual-analysis %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT individual-decision EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST individual-decision %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT contact             EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST contact             %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT profiling           EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST profiling           %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT historical          EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST historical          %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT telemarketing       EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST telemarketing       %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT other-purpose       (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST other-purpose       %pur_att;&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** RECIPIENT ************ --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT RECIPIENT (EXTENSION*,
    (ours
    | same
    | other-recipient
    | delivery
    | public
    | unrelated)+,
    EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT ours                  (recipient-description*)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT same                  (recipient-description*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST same                  %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT other-recipient       (recipient-description*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST other-recipient       %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT delivery              (recipient-description*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST delivery              %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT public                (recipient-description*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST public                %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT unrelated             (recipient-description*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST unrelated             %pur_att;&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT recipient-description (#PCDATA)&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** RETENTION ************ --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT RETENTION (EXTENSION*,
    (no-retention
    | stated-purpose
    | legal-requirement
    | indefinitely
    | business-practices),
    EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT no-retention       EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT stated-purpose     EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT legal-requirement  EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT indefinitely       EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT business-practices EMPTY&gt;

&lt;!-- ************** DATA ************** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT DATA-GROUP (EXTENSION*, DATA+, EXTENSION*)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DATA-GROUP
    base     %URI;      "http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/base" &gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT DATA (#PCDATA | CATEGORIES)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DATA
    ref      %URI;      #REQUIRED
    optional (yes | no) "no" &gt;


&lt;!-- *********** DATA SCHEMA *********** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT DATASCHEMA (DATA-DEF | DATA-STRUCT | EXTENSION)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DATASCHEMA xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DATASCHEMA xmlns CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2002/01/P3Pv1"&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT DATA-DEF    (CATEGORIES?, LONG-DESCRIPTION?)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DATA-DEF
    name              ID    #REQUIRED
    structref         %URI; #IMPLIED
    short-description CDATA #IMPLIED  &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT DATA-STRUCT (CATEGORIES?, LONG-DESCRIPTION?)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DATA-STRUCT
    name              ID    #REQUIRED
    structref         %URI; #IMPLIED
    short-description CDATA #IMPLIED  &gt;

&lt;!-- *********** CATEGORIES *********** --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT CATEGORIES (physical
  | online
  | uniqueid
  | purchase
  | financial
  | computer
  | navigation
  | interactive
  | demographic
  | content
  | state
  | political
  | health
  | preference
  | location
  | government
  | other-category)+&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT physical    EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT online      EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT uniqueid    EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT purchase    EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT financial   EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT computer    EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT navigation  EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT interactive EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT demographic EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT content     EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT state       EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT political   EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT health      EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT preference  EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT location    EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT government  EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT other-category EMPTY&gt;

&lt;!-- *********** EXTENSION ************ --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT EXTENSION ANY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST EXTENSION
    optional (yes | no) "yes" &gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="Appendix_Notation">Appendix 6: ABNF Notation</a> (Normative)</h2>

<p>The formal grammar of P3P is given in this specification using a slight
modification of [<a href="#ABNF">ABNF</a>]. The following is a simple
description of the ABNF.</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><strong>name = (elements) </strong></code></dt>
    <dd>where &lt;name&gt; is the name of the rule, &lt;elements&gt; is one or
      more rule names or terminals combined through the operands provided
      below. Rule names are case-insensitive. </dd>
  <dt><code>(</code><code><strong>element1 element2)</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>elements enclosed in parentheses are treated as a single element,
      whose contents are strictly ordered.</dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;a&gt;*&lt;b&gt;element</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>at least &lt;a&gt; and at most &lt;b&gt; occurrences of the
    element.</dd>
    <dd><em>(1*4&lt;element&gt; means one to four elements.)</em></dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;a&gt;element</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>exactly &lt;a&gt; occurrences of the element.</dd>
    <dd><em>(4&lt;element&gt; means exactly 4 elements.)</em></dd>
  <dt><code><strong>&lt;a&gt;*element</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>&lt;a&gt; or more elements</dd>
    <dd><em>(4*&lt;element&gt; means 4 or more elements.)</em></dd>
  <dt><code><strong>*&lt;b&gt;element</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>0 to &lt;b&gt; elements.</dd>
    <dd><em>(*5&lt;element&gt; means 0 to 5 elements.)</em></dd>
  <dt><code><strong>*element</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>0 or more elements.</dd>
    <dd><em>(*&lt;element&gt; means 0 to infinite elements.)</em></dd>
  <dt><code><strong>[element]</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>optional element, equivalent to *1(element).</dd>
    <dd><em>([element] means 0 or 1 element.)</em></dd>
  <dt><code><strong>"string"</strong></code> or
  <code><strong>'string'</strong></code></dt>
    <dd>matches the literal string given inside double quotes.</dd>
</dl>

<p>Other notations used in the productions are:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><strong>;</strong> or <strong><code>/* ... */</code></strong></dt>
    <dd>comment.</dd>
</dl>

<h2><a name="guiding_principles">Appendix 7: P3P Guiding Principles</a>
(Non-normative)</h2>

<p>This appendix describes the intent of P3P development and recommends
guidelines regarding the responsible use of P3P technology. An earlier version
was published in the W3C Note "<a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-P3P10-principles">P3P Guiding Principles</a>"
(<a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-P3P10-principles">http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-P3P10-principles</a>).</p>

<p>The Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) has been designed to be
flexible and support a diverse set of user preferences, public policies,
service provider polices, and applications. This flexibility will provide
opportunities for using P3P in a wide variety of innovative ways that its
designers had not imagined. The P3P Guiding Principles were created in order
to: express the intentions of the members of the P3P Working Groups when
designing this technology and suggest how P3P can be used most effectively in
order to maximize privacy and user confidence and trust on the Web. In keeping
with our goal of flexibility, this document does not place requirements upon
any party. Rather, it makes recommendations about 1) what <em>should</em> be
done to be consistent with the intentions of the P3P designers and 2) how to
maximize user confidence in P3P implementations and Web services. P3P was
intended to help protect privacy on the Web. We encourage the organizations,
individuals, policy-makers and companies who use P3P to embrace the guiding
principles in order to reach this goal.</p>

<h3 id="principles_privacy">Information Privacy</h3>

<p>P3P has been designed to promote privacy and trust on the Web by enabling
service providers to disclose their information practices, and enabling
individuals to make informed decisions about the collection and use of their
personal information. P3P user agents work on behalf of individuals to reach
agreements with service providers about the collection and use of personal
information. Trust is built upon the mutual understanding that each party will
respect the agreement reached.</p>

<p>Service providers should preserve trust and protect privacy by applying
relevant laws and principles of data protection and privacy to their
information practices. The following is a list of privacy principles and
guidelines that helped inform the development of P3P and may be useful to
those who use P3P:</p>
<ul>
  <li><a href="http://www.the-cma.org/privacy/ethics_2.html#Private">CMA Code
    of Ethics &amp; Standards of Practice: Protection of Personal
  Privacy</a></li>
  <li><a
    href="http://www.privacy.org/pi/intl_orgs/coe/dp_convention_108.txt">1981
    Council of Europe Convention For the Protection of Individuals with Regard
    to Automatic Processing of Personal Data</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://www.csa.ca/">CSA</a>--Q830-96 Model Code for the
    Protection of Personal Information</li>
  <li><a
    href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/1995/en_395L0046.html">Directive
    95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995
    on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal
    data and on the free movement of such data</a></li>
  <li><a
    href="http://www.the-dma.org/library/guidelines/onlineguidelines.shtml">The
    DMA's Marketing Online Privacy Principles and Guidance</a> and <a
    href="http://www.the-dma.org/library/guidelines/ethicalguidelines.shtml">The
    DMA Guidelines for Ethical Business Practice</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://www.oecd.org/dsti/sti/it/secur/prod/PRIV-EN.HTM">OECD
    Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal
    Data</a></li>
  <li><a
    href="http://www.privacyalliance.org/resources/ppguidelines.shtml">Online
    Privacy Alliance Guidelines for Online Privacy Policies</a></li>
</ul>

<p>In addition, service providers and P3P implementers should recognize and
address the special concerns surrounding children's privacy.</p>

<h3 id="principles_notice">Notice and Communication</h3>

<p>Service providers should provide timely and effective notices of their
information practices, and user agents should provide effective tools for
users to access these notices and make decisions based on them.</p>

<p>Service providers should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Communicate explicitly about data collection and use, expressing the
    purpose for which personal information is collected and the extent to
    which it may be shared.</li>
  <li>Use P3P privacy policies to communicate about all information they
    propose to collect through a Web interaction.</li>
  <li>Prominently post clear, human-readable privacy policies.</li>
</ul>

<p>User agents should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Provide mechanisms for displaying a service's information practices to
    users.</li>
  <li>Provide users an option that allows them to easily preview and agree to
    or reject each transfer of personal information that the user agent
    facilitates.</li>
  <li>Not be configured by default to transfer personal information to a
    service provider without the user's consent.</li>
  <li>Inform users about the privacy-related options offered by the user
    agent.</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="principles_choice">Choice and Control</h3>

<p>Users should be given the ability to make meaningful choices about the
collection, use, and disclosure of personal information. Users should retain
control over their personal information and decide the conditions under which
they will share it.</p>

<p>Service providers should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Limit their requests to information necessary for fulfilling the level
    of service desired by the user. This will reduce user frustration,
    increase trust, and enable relationships with many users, including those
    who may wish to have an anonymous, pseudonymous, customized, or
    personalized relationship with the service.</li>
  <li>Obtain informed consent prior to the collection and use of personal
    information.</li>
  <li>Provide information about the ability to review and if appropriate
    correct personal information.</li>
</ul>

<p>User agents should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Include configuration tools that allow users to customize their
    preferences.</li>
  <li>Allow users to import and customize P3P preferences from trusted
    parties.</li>
  <li>Present configuration options to users in a way that is neutral or
    biased towards privacy.</li>
  <li>Be usable without requiring the user to store user personal information
    as part of the installation or configuration process.</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="principles_fairness">Fairness and Integrity</h3>

<p>Service providers should treat users and their personal information with
fairness and integrity. This is essential for protecting privacy and promoting
trust.</p>

<p>Service providers should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Accurately represent their information practices in a clear and
    unambiguous manner -- never with the intention of misleading users.</li>
  <li>Use information only for the stated purpose and retain it only as long
    as necessary.</li>
  <li>Ensure that information is accurate, complete, and up-to-date.</li>
  <li>Disclose accountability and means for recourse.</li>
  <li>For as long as information is retained, continue to treat information
    according to the policy in effect when the information was collected,
    unless users give their informed consent to a new policy.</li>
</ul>

<p>User agents should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Act only on behalf of the user according to the preferences specified by
    the user.</li>
  <li>Accurately represent the practices of the service provider.</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="principles_security">Security</h3>

<p>While P3P itself does not include security mechanisms, it is intended to be
used in conjunction with security tools. Users' personal information should
always be protected with reasonable security safeguards in keeping with the
sensitivity of the information.</p>

<p>Service providers should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Provide mechanisms for protecting any personal information they
  collect.</li>
  <li>Use appropriate trusted protocols for the secure transmission of
  data.</li>
</ul>

<p>User agents should:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Provide mechanisms for protecting the personal information that users
    store in any data repositories maintained by the agent.</li>
  <li>Use appropriate trusted protocols for the secure transmission of
  data.</li>
  <li>Warn users when an insecure transport mechanism is being used.</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="Appendix_Working">Appendix 8: Working Group Contributors</a>
(Non-normative)</h2>

<p>This specification was produced by the P3P Specification Working Group. The
following individuals participated in the P3P Specification Working Group,
chaired by Lorrie Cranor (AT&amp;T): Mark Ackerman (University of California,
Irvine), Margareta Björksten (Nokia), Eric Brunner (Engage), Joe Coco
(Microsoft), Brooks Dobbs (DoubleClick), Rajeev Dujari (Microsoft), Matthias
Enzmann (GMD), Patrick Feng (RPI), Aaron Goldfeder (Microsoft), Dan Jaye
(Engage), Marit Koehntopp (Privacy Commission of Land Schleswig-Holstein,
Germany), Yuichi Koike (NEC/W3C), Yusuke Koizumi (ENC), Daniel LaLiberte
(Crystaliz), Marc Langheinrich (NEC/ETH Zurich), Daniel Lim (PrivacyBank), Ran
Lotenberg (IDcide), Massimo Marchiori (W3C/MIT/UNIVE), Christine McKenna
(Phone.com, Inc.), Mark Nottingham (Akamai), Paul Perry (Microsoft), Jules
Polonetsky (DoubleClick), Martin Presler-Marshall (IBM), Joel Reidenberg
(Fordham Law School), Dave Remy (Geotrust), Ari Schwartz (CDT), Noboru Shimizu
(ENC), Rob Smibert (Jotter Technologies Inc.), Tri Tran (AvenueA), Mark
Uhrmacher (DoubleClick), Danny Weitzner (W3C), Michael Wallent (Microsoft),
Rigo Wenning (W3C), Betty Whitaker (NCR), Allen Wyke (Engage), Kevin Yen
(Netscape), Sam Yen (Citigroup), Alan Zausner (American Express).</p>

<p>The P3P Specification Working Group inherited a large part of the
specification from previous P3P Working Groups. The Working Group would like
to acknowledge the contributions of the members of these previous groups
(affiliations shown are the members' affiliations at the time of their
participation in each Working Group).</p>

<p>The P3P Implementation and Deployment Working Group, chaired by Rolf Nelson
(W3C) and Marc Langheinrich (NEC/ETH Zurich): Mark Ackerman (University of
California, Irvine), Rob Barrett (IBM), Joe Coco (Microsoft), Lorrie Cranor
(AT&amp;T), Massimo Marchiori (W3C/MIT), Gabe Montero (IBM), Stephen Morse
(Netscape), Paul Perry (Microsoft), Ari Schwartz (CDT), Gabriel Speyer
(Citibank), Betty Whitaker (NCR).</p>

<p>The P3P Syntax Working Group, chaired by Steve Lucas (Matchlogic): Lorrie
Cranor (AT&amp;T), Melissa Dunn (Microsoft), Daniel Jaye (Engage
Technologies), Massimo Marchiori (W3C/MIT), Maclen Marvit (Narrowline), Max
Metral (Firefly), Paul Perry (Firefly), Martin Presler-Marshall (IBM),
Drummond Reed (Intermind), Joseph Reagle (W3C).</p>

<p>The P3P Vocabulary Harmonization Working Group, chaired by Joseph Reagle
(W3C): Liz Blumenfeld (America Online), Ann Cavoukian (Information and Privacy
Commission/Ontario), Scott Chalfant (Matchlogic), Lorrie Cranor (AT&amp;T),
Jim Crowe (Direct Marketing Association), Josef Dietl (W3C), David Duncan
(Information and Privacy Commission/Ontario), Melissa Dunn (Microsoft),
Patricica Faley (Direct Marketing Association), Marit Köhntopp (Privacy
Commissioner of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany), Tony Lam (Hong Kong Privacy
Commissioner's Office), Tara Lemmey (Narrowline), Jill Lesser (America
Online), Steve Lucas (Matchlogic), Deirdre Mulligan (Center for Democracy and
Technology), Nick Platten (Data Protection Consultant, formerly of DG XV,
European Commission), Ari Schwartz (Center for Democracy and Technology),
Jonathan Stark (TRUSTe).</p>

<p>The P3P Protocols and Data Transport Working Group, chaired by Yves Leroux
(Digital): Lorrie Cranor (AT&amp;T), Philip DesAutels (Matchlogic), Melissa
Dunn (Microsoft), Peter Heymann (Intermind), Tatsuo Itabashi (Sony), Dan Jaye
(Engage), Steve Lucas (Matchlogic), Jim Miller (W3C), Michael Myers
(VeriSign), Paul Perry (FireFly), Martin Presler-Marshall (IBM), Joseph Reagle
(W3C), Drummond Reed (Intermind), Craig Vodnik (Pencom Web Worlds).</p>

<p>The P3P Vocabulary Working Group, chaired by Lorrie Cranor (AT&amp;T): Mark
Ackerman (W3C), Philip DesAutels (W3C), Melissa Dunn (Microsoft), Joseph
Reagle (W3C), Upendra Shardanand (Firefly).</p>

<p>The P3P Architecture Working Group, chaired by Martin Presler-Marshall
(IBM): Mark Ackerman (W3C), Lorrie Cranor (AT&amp;T), Philip DesAutels (W3C),
Melissa Dunn (Microsoft), Joseph Reagle (W3C).</p>

<p>Finally, <a href="#guiding_principles">Appendix 7</a> is drawn from the W3C
Note "<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-P3P10-principles">P3P Guiding
Principles</a>", whose signatories are: Azer Bestavros (Bowne Internet
Solutions), Ann Cavoukian (Information and Privacy Commission Ontario Canada),
Lorrie Faith Cranor (AT&amp;T Labs-Research), Josef Dietl (W3C), Daniel Jaye
(Engage Technologies), Marit Köhntopp (Land Schleswig-Holstein), Tara Lemmey
(Narrowline; TrustE), Steven Lucas (MatchLogic), Massimo Marchiori (W3C/MIT),
Dave Marvit (Fujitsu Labs), Maclen Marvit (Narrowline Inc.), Yossi Matias (Tel
Aviv University), James S. Miller (MIT), Deirdre Mulligan (Center for
Democracy and Technology), Joseph Reagle (W3C), Drummond Reed (Intermind),
Lawrence C. Stewart (Open Market, Inc.).</p>

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