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<h1><a id="title" name="title">Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0</a> Schema</h1>

<h2><a id="w3c-doctype" name="w3c-doctype">W3C Working Draft 10 May 2011</a></h2>

<dl>
  <dt>This version:</dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-EARL10-Schema-20110510/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-EARL10-Schema-20110510/</a></dd>
  <dt>Latest version:</dt>
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/">http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/</a></dd>
  <dt>Previous version:</dt>
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-EARL10-Schema-20091029/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-EARL10-Schema-20091029/</a></dd>
  <dt>Editors:</dt>
    <dd>Shadi Abou-Zahra, <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>/<acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</acronym></dd>
   <dt>Previous Editors:</dt>
     <dd>Michael Squillace (until October 2009 while at IBM Corporation)</dd>
</dl>

<p>The terms defined by this document are also provided in <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl">RDF Schema</a> format.</p>

<p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> &copy; 2011 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>&reg;</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p></div>
<hr />

<h2><a id="abstract" name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>

<p>This document describes the formal schema of the Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0. EARL is a vocabulary, the terms of which are defined across a set of specifications and technical notes, and that is used to describe test results. The primary motivation for developing this vocabulary is to facilitate the exchange of test results between Web accessibility evaluation tools in a vendor-neutral and platform-independent format. It also provides reusable terms for generic quality assurance and validation purposes.</p>

<div id="sotd">
<h2><a id="status" name="status">Status of this document</a></h2>

<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>

<p>This 10 May 2011 Last Call Working Draft of the Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Schema is an update of the previous <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-EARL10-Schema-20091029/">EARL 1.0 Last Call Working Draft of 29 October 2009</a>. It meets the requirements specified in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Requirements/">Requirements for the Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0</a>, and incorporates all comments received. This document is intended to be published and maintained as a W3C Recommendation after review and refinement.</p>

<p>The Evaluation and Repair Tools Working Group (ERT WG) believes it has addressed all issues brought forth through previous Working Draft iterations. The Working Group encourages feedback about this document, Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Schema, by developers and researchers who have interest in software-supported evaluation and validation of websites, and by developers and researchers who have interest in Semantic Web technologies for content description, annotation, and adaptation. In particular, the Working Group is looking for feedback on the following items which are also highlighted within the document:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Use cases for <code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Document">foaf:Document <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code> as a further refinement for <code><a href="#TestSubject">earl:TestSubject</a></code> (see <a href="#note1">Editor Note 1</a>)</li>
  <li>Use of <a href="http://trac.usefulinc.com/doap">DOAP terms <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a> and definition of <code><a href="#Software">earl:Software</a></code> as a subclass of <code>doap:Project</code> (see <a href="#note2">Editor Note 2</a>)</li>
</ul>

<p>Please send comments on this Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Schema document by <strong>10 June 2011</strong> to <a href="mailto:public-earl10-comments@w3.org">public-earl10-comments@w3.org</a> (publicly visible <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-earl10-comments/">mailing list archive</a>).</p>

<p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p>

<p>This document has been produced by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/">Evaluation and Repair Tools Working Group (ERT WG)</a> as part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/Technical/Activity">Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Technical Activity</a>.</p>

<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a rel="disclosure" href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32094/status">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
</div><hr />

<div id="toc">
<h2><a id="contents" name="contents">Table of Contents</a></h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#audience">1.1. Audience of this Document</a></li>
      <li><a href="#conventions">1.2. Document Conventions</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#Assertion">2.1. Assertion Class</a></li>
      <li><a href="#Assertor">2.2. Assertor Class</a></li>
      <li><a href="#TestSubject">2.3. TestSubject Class</a></li>
      <li><a href="#TestCriterion">2.4. TestCriterion Class</a></li>
      <li><a href="#TestResult">2.5. TestResult Class</a></li>
      <li><a href="#TestMode">2.6. TestMode Class</a></li>
      <li><a href="#OutcomeValue">2.7. OutcomeValue Class</a></li>
      <li><a href="#Software">2.8. Software Class</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li><a href="#properties">Properties</a>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#assertedBy">3.1. assertedBy Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#subject">3.2. subject Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#test">3.3. test Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#result">3.4. result Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#mode">3.5. mode Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#mainAssertor">3.6. mainAssertor Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#outcome">3.7. outcome Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#pointer">3.8. pointer Property</a></li>
      <li><a href="#info">3.9. info Property</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ol>

<h3><a name="appendecies" id="appendecies">Appendices</a></h3>
<ol type="A">
  <li><a href="#terms">Terms</a></li>
  <li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li>
  <li><a href="#changes">Document Changes</a></li>
</ol>
</div><hr />

<h2><a id="introduction" name="introduction">1. Introduction</a></h2>
<p>The Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) defines a vocabulary for expressing test results. It enables any person, software application, or organization to assert test results for any test subject tested against any set of criteria. The test subject might be a website, an authoring tool, a user agent, or some other entity. The set of criteria may be accessibility guidelines, formal grammars, or other types of quality assurance requirements. Thus, EARL is flexible with regard to the contexts in which it can be applied.</p>

<p>This document provides the core schema of EARL. Other parts of the EARL suite of specifications include:</p>
<ul>
  <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/HTTP-in-RDF10/"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> 1.0</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Content-in-RDF10/">Representing Content in RDF 1.0</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Pointers-in-RDF10/">Pointer Methods in RDF 1.0</a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Guide/">Developer Guide for Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0</a> explains how to implement and use EARL, including conformance requirements for software tools. An <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/earl.php">Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) Overview</a> is also available.</p>

<p>EARL is not a comprehensive vocabulary for describing test procedures, test criteria, or test requirements but, rather, for describing the outcomes from such testing. EARL can be supplemented by test description vocabularies or other vocabularies for different aspects of the testing cycle.</p>

<h3><a name="audience" id="audience">1.1. Audience of this Document</a></h3>
<p>The assumed audience of this specification is developers of software tools and processes who want to express test results in a machine readable format that is semantically rich. More introductory background about EARL as well as specific guidance for quality assurance tool developers, in particular for web accessibility evaluation tool developers, is provided in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Guide/">Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Guide</a>.</p>

<p>This document assumes that the reader is familiar with the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and can read its XML serialization. Readers who wish to understand more about RDF should read a general introduction or the RDF Primer [<a href="#ref-rdf-primer">RDF-PRIMER</a>].</p>

<h3><a name="conventions" id="conventions">1.2. Document conventions</a></h3>
<p>The <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> representation of the vocabulary defined by this document uses the namespace <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#">http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#</a></code>. The prefix <code>earl</code> is used throughout this document to denote this namespace. Other prefixes used throughout this document include:</p>
<ul>
  <li><code>cnt</code> - Representing Content in RDF namespace <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/content#">http://www.w3.org/2011/content#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-cnt">Content</a>])</li>
  <li><code>dct</code> - Dublin Core (DC) namespace <code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">http://purl.org/dc/terms/</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-dc">DC</a>])</li>
  <li><code>doap</code> - Description of a Project (DOAP) namespace <code><a href="http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#">http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-doap">DOAP</a>])</li>
  <li><code>foaf</code> - Friend of a Friend (FOAF) namespace <code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/#">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-foaf">FOAF</a>])</li>
  <li><code>http</code> - <acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in RDF namespace <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/http#">http://www.w3.org/2011/http#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-http">HTTP</a>])</li>
  <li><code>ptr</code> - Pointer Methods in RDF namespace <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/2009/pointers#">http://www.w3.org/2009/pointers#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-ptrs">Pointers</a>])</li>
  <li><code>rdf</code> - RDF namespace <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-rdf">RDF</a>])</li>
  <li><code>rdfs</code> - RDF Schema namespace <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-rdfs">RDFS</a>])</li>
  <li><code>xsd</code> - <acronym title="Extensible Markup Language Schema">XMLS</acronym> namespace <code><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#</a></code> (defined by [<a href="#ref-xmls">XMLS</a>])</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="classes" id="classes">2. Classes</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the classes defined by this document. Every test result in EARL is expressed as an assertion. An EARL <em>Assertion</em> contains the following information:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><em>Assertor</em></dt>
    <dd>This can include information about who or what ran the test. For example human evaluators, automated accessibility checkers, or combinations of these.</dd>
  <dt><em>Test Subject</em></dt>
    <dd>This can include web content (such as web pages, videos, applets, etc.), software (such as authoring tools, user agents, etc.), or other <em>things</em> being tested.</dd>
  <dt><em>Test Criterion</em></dt>
    <dd>What are we evaluating the test subject against? This could be a specification, a set of guidelines, a test from a test suite, or some other testable statement.</dd>
  <dt><em>Test Result</em></dt>
    <dd>What was the outcome of the test? A test result could also include contextual information such as error messages or relevant locations within the test subject.</dd>
</dl>
<p>EARL provides flexibility to describe different types of assertions, such as those carried out by automated testing tools or by human evaluators, or those made about generic testing requirements or specific test cases.</p>
<h4><a name="ClassesExamples" id="ClassesExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-1" id="example-1">Example 1</a>:</strong> A person carries out a manual evaluation of a web page to an accessibility requirement.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Assertor</dt>
    <dd>Bob B. Bobbington</dd>
  <dt>Test Subject</dt>
    <dd>A web page located at <code>http://www.example.org/page.html</code></dd>
  <dt>Test Criterion</dt>
    <dd>Success Criterion 1.1.1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0</dd>
  <dt>Test Result</dt>
    <dd>Passed</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-2" id="example-2">Example 2</a>:</strong> A software application carries out automated validation of a web page to a technical specification.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Assertor</dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym> Markup Validator located at <code>http://validator.w3.org/</code></dd>
  <dt>Test Subject</dt>
    <dd>The <acronym title="Extensible Hyptertext Markup Language">XHTML</acronym> returned from a GET request to the <acronym title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</acronym> <code>http://www.example.org/page.html</code> at <code>2004-04-14T14:00:04+1000</code></dd>
  <dt>Test Criterion</dt>
    <dd>The validity of the XHTML code</dd>
  <dt>Test Result</dt>
    <dd>Failed, the <code>&lt;li&gt;</code> element on line 53, char 7 was not closed.</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<h3><a name="Assertion" id="Assertion">2.1. Assertion Class</a></h3>
<p><em>Assertion</em> - a statement that embodies the results of a test.</p>
<h4><a name="AssertionProperties" id="AssertionProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<ul>
  <li>Domain of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#assertedBy">earl:assertedBy</a></code></li>
      <li><code><a href="#subject">earl:subject</a></code></li>
      <li><code><a href="#test">earl:test</a></code></li>
      <li><code><a href="#result">earl:result</a></code></li>
      <li><code><a href="#mode">earl:mode</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>Range of: none</li>
</ul>
<h4><a name="AssertionExamples" id="AssertionExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-3" id="example-3">Example 3</a>:</strong> Instance of an assertion expressed as an RDF/XML fragment.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Assertion rdf:about="#assertion"&gt;
  &lt;earl:assertedBy rdf:resource="#assertor"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:subject rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:test rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H36"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:result rdf:resource="#result"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:Assertion&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="Assertor" id="Assertor">2.2. Assertor Class</a></h3>
<p><em>Assertor</em> - an entity such as a person, a software tool, an organization, or any other grouping that carries out a test collectively.</p>
<h4><a name="AssertorClasses" id="AssertorClasses">Related Classes</a></h4>
<p>Rather than specifying only an <code>earl:Assertor</code> type, it is recommended that one of the following types be employed in addition:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#Software">earl:Software</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Software - the assertor is a piece of software.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Agent">foaf:Agent <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Agent - the assertor is an agent, as defined by [<a href="#ref-foaf">FOAF</a>].</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Person">foaf:Person <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Person -the assertor is a person, as defined by [<a href="#ref-foaf">FOAF</a>].</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Organization">foaf:Organization <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Organization - the assertor is an organization, as defined by [<a href="#ref-foaf">FOAF</a>].</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Group">foaf:Group <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Group - the assertor is a group of agents, as defined by [<a href="#ref-foaf">FOAF</a>].</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="AssertorProperties" id="AssertorProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<ul>
  <li>Domain of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#mainAssertor">earl:mainAssertor</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>Range of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#assertedBy">earl:assertedBy</a></code></li>
      <li><code><a href="#mainAssertor">earl:mainAssertor</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
<p>It is recommended to provide additional information about the <em>Assertor</em> by using the following properties from external vocabularies:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable title for the assertor.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable description of the assertor.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_name">foaf:name <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Name of the assertor. This could be supplemented with further refinements such as <code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_firstName">foaf:firstName <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code> or <code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_surname">foaf:surname <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code> if the assertor is a person.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_nick">foaf:nick <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Nick name of the assertor</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_mbox">foaf:mbox <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>E-mail address of the responsible assertor, which is preferably provided in an encrypted format using the <code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_mbox_sha1sum">foaf:mbox_sha1sum <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code> property.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_homepage">foaf:homepage <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Homepage of the assertor.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_member">foaf:member <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Member of the assertor, such as an individual in a group of testers or a tool used by an agent.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="AssertorExamples" id="AssertorExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-4" id="example-4">Example 4</a>:</strong> An <em>Assertor</em> that is a person called <em>Bob B. Bobbington</em>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;foaf:Person rdf:about="http://www.example.org/people/#bob"&gt;
  &lt;foaf:name&gt;Bob B. Bobbington&lt;/foaf:name&gt;
  &lt;foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:bob@example.org"/&gt;
  &lt;foaf:mbox_sha1sum&gt;1a9daad476f0158b81bc66b7b27b438b4b4c19c0&lt;/foaf:mbox_sha1sum&gt;
&lt;/foaf:Person&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-5" id="example-5">Example 5</a>:</strong> An <em>Assertor</em> that is a piece of software called <em>Cool Tool</em>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Software rdf:about="http://www.example.org/tools/#cooltool"&gt;
  &lt;doap:name xml:lang="en"&gt;Cool Tool&lt;/doap:name&gt;
  &lt;doap:description xml:lang="en"&gt;My favorite tool!&lt;/doap:description&gt;
  &lt;doap:created&gt;2011-04-27&lt;/doap:created&gt;
  &lt;doap:homepage rdf:resource="http://example.org/tools/cool/"/&gt;
  &lt;doap:release&gt;
    &lt;doap:revision&gt;1.0.3&lt;/doap:revision&gt;
  &lt;/doap:release&gt;
&lt;/earl:Software&gt;</code></pre>

</div>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-6" id="example-6">Example 6</a>:</strong> An <em>Assertor</em> that is the person from <a href="#example-4">example 4</a> using the software tool from <a href="#example-5">example 5</a>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;foaf:Group rdf:about="#assertor"&gt;
  &lt;dct:title xml:lang="en"&gt;Bob using Cool Tool&lt;/dct:title&gt;
  &lt;dct:description xml:lang="en"&gt;Bob doing semi-automated testing&lt;/dct:description&gt;
  &lt;earl:mainAssertor rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/people/#bob"/&gt;
  &lt;foaf:member rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/tool/#cooltool"/&gt;
&lt;/foaf:Group&gt;</code></pre>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> According to this example, "Cool Tool" is a resource of type <code>foaf:Agent</code>. According to <a href="#example-5">example 5</a>, it is also a resource of type <code>earl:Software</code>. These are not contradictory statements and are valid RDF representations.</p>
</div>

<h3><a name="TestSubject" id="TestSubject">2.3. TestSubject Class</a></h3>
<p><em>Test Subject</em> - the class of things that have been tested against some test criterion.</p>
<h4><a name="TestSubjectClasses" id="TestSubjectClasses">Related Classes</a></h4>
<p>Rather than specifying only an <code>earl:TestSubject</code> type, it is recommended that one of the following types be employed in addition:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="#Software">earl:Software</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Software - the test subject is a piece of software being tested.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Content-in-RDF/#ContentClass">cnt:Content <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Content - the test subject is a representation of the content as defined by [<a href="#ref-cnt">Content</a>].</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/HTTP-in-RDF/#ResponseClass">http:Response <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Response - the test subject is the response from an HTTP server as defined by [<a href="#ref-http">HTTP</a>].</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Document">foaf:Document <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Document - the test subject is a document, such as electronic file, as defined by [<a href="#ref-foaf">FOAF</a>].</dd>
    <dd class="note">[<a name="note1" id="note1">Editor's note 1</a>: ERT WG is considering to remove <code>foaf:Document</code> unless compelling use-cases can be presented; feedback on this consideration is welcome.]</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="TestSubjectProperties" id="TestSubjectProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<ul>
  <li>Domain of: none</li>
  <li>Range of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#subject">earl:subject</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
<p>It is recommended to provide additional information about the <em>Test Subject</em> by using the following properties from external vocabularies:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable title for the subject.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable descriptions of the subject.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/date">dct:date <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Date on which the subject was created or identified.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart">dct:hasPart <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Reference to another subject that are part of this subject.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf">dct:isPartOf <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Reference to another subject of which this subject is a part of.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="TestSubjectExamples" id="TestSubjectExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-7" id="example-7">Example 7</a>:</strong> A group of resources that have been tested together as a single test subject.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestSubject rdf:about="http://www.example.org/"&gt;
  &lt;dct:title xml:lang="en"&gt;example.org Web site&lt;/dct:title&gt;
  &lt;dct:description xml:lang="en"&gt;Each page on the example.org Web site&lt;/dct:description&gt;
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/style.css"/&gt;
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/page1.html"/&gt;
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/page2.html"/&gt;
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/image1.png"/&gt;
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/image2.png"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestSubject&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="TestCriterion" id="TestCriterion">2.4. TestCriterion Class</a></h3>
<p><em>Test Criterion</em> - a testable statement, usually one that can be passed or failed. It is a super class for all types of tests including things such as validation requirements, code test cases, checkpoints from guidelines such as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines [<a href="#ref-wcag">WCAG</a>], or others.</p>
<h4><a name="TestCriterionClasses" id="TestCriterionClasses">Related Classes</a></h4>
<p>Rather than specifying only an <code>earl:TestCriterion</code> type, it is recommended that one of the following types be employed in addition:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a name="TestRequirement" id="TestRequirement">earl:TestRequirement</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Test Requirement - a higher-level requirement that is tested by executing one or more sub-tests. For example <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#text-equiv-all">WCAG 2.0 Success Criterion 1.1.1</a>, which is evaluated using several <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/#qr-text-equiv-all">Techniques for Success Criterion 1.1.1</a> and combining the results.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="TestCase" id="TestCase">earl:TestCase</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Test Case - an atomic test, usually one that is a partial test for a requirement. For example, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H36">Technique H36: Using alt attributes on images used as submit buttons</a> provides a partial test for <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#text-equiv-all">WCAG 2.0 Success Criterion 1.1.1</a>.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="TestCriterionProperties" id="TestCriterionProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<ul>
  <li>Domain of: none</li>
  <li>Range of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#test">earl:test</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
<p>It is recommended to provide additional information about the <em>Test Subject</em> by using the following properties from external vocabularies:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable title for the test criterion.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable description of the test criterion.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart">dct:hasPart <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Relationship to other test criteria that are part of this criterion.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf">dct:isPartOf <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Relationship to other test criteria of which this criterion is a part of.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="TestCriterionExamples" id="TestCriterionExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-8" id="example-8">Example 8</a>:</strong> Instance of a test case that is described with a title and its relationship to a test suite.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestCase rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H36"&gt;
  &lt;dct:title xml:lang="en"&gt;H36&lt;/dct:title&gt;
  &lt;dct:description xml:lang="en"&gt;Technique H36 - Using alt attributes
    on images used as submit buttons &lt;/dct:description&gt;
  &lt;dct:isPartOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/"/&gt;
  &lt;dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H36#H36-tests"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestCase&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="TestResult" id="TestResult">2.5. TestResult Class</a></h3>
<p><em>Test Result</em> - the actual result of performing the test. It includes both machine-readable values as well as human-readable description of the results (typically error messages).</p>
<h4><a name="TestResultProperties" id="TestResultProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<ul>
  <li>Domain of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#info">earl:info</a></code></li>
      <li><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></li>
      <li><code><a href="#pointer">earl:pointer</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>Range of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#result">earl:result</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
<p>It is recommended to provide additional information about the <em>Test Result</em> by using the following properties from external vocabularies:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable title for the result.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable description of the result.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/date">dct:date <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Date on which the result was obtained (typically when the subject was tested).</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="TestResultExamples" id="TestResultExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-9" id="example-9">Example 9</a>:</strong> A test result with a validity of fail and a description of the problem in English, and encoded in XHTML format.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestResult rdf:about="#result"&gt;
  &lt;earl:outcome rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#failed"/&gt;
  &lt;dct:title xml:lang="en"&gt;Invalid Markup (code #353)&lt;/dct:title&gt;
  &lt;dct:description rdf:parseType="Literal" xml:lang="en"&gt;
    &lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;table&lt;/code&gt; element is not allowed to appear
        inside a &lt;code&gt;p&lt;/code&gt; element&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/dct:description&gt;
  &lt;earl:pointer rdf:resource="#pointer"/&gt;
  &lt;earl:info rdf:parseType="Literal" xml:lang="en"&gt;
    &lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;It seems the &lt;code&gt;p&lt;/code&gt; element has not been closed&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/earl:info&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestResult&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="TestMode" id="TestMode">2.6. TestMode Class</a></h3>
<p><em>Test Mode</em> - describes how a test was carried out. It reflects the information provided by the <em><a href="#Assertor">Assertor</a></em> and is used to simplify some commonly used queries.</p>
<h4><a name="TestModeInstances" id="TestModeInstances">Related Instances</a></h4>
<p>Where applicable it is recommended to use one of the following instances of <code>earl:TestMode</code>, to categorize the mode in which the test was carried out:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a name="automatic" id="automatic">earl:automatic</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Automatic - where the test was carried out automatically by the software tool and without any human intervention.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="manual" id="manual">earl:manual</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Manual - where the test was carried out by human evaluators. This includes the case where the evaluators are aided by instructions or guidance provided by software tools, but where the evaluators carried out the actual test procedure.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="semiAuto" id="semiAuto">earl:semiAuto</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Semi-Automatic - where the test was partially carried out by software tools, but where human input or judgment was still required to decide or help decide the outcome of the test.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="undisclosed" id="undisclosed">earl:undisclosed</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Undisclosed - where the exact testing process is undisclosed.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="unknownMode" id="unknownMode">earl:unknownMode</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Unknown - where the testing process is unknown or undetermined.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="TestModeProperties" id="TestModeProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<ul>
  <li>Domain of: none</li>
  <li>Range of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#mode">earl:mode</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
<p>It is recommended to provide additional information about the <em>Test Mode</em> by using the following properties from external vocabularies:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable title for the test mode.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable description of the test mode.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="TestModeExamples" id="TestModeExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-10" id="example-10">Example 10</a>:</strong> The assertion from <a href="#example-3">example 3</a> was carried out in semi-automatic mode.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Assertion rdf:about="#assertion"&gt;
  &lt;earl:mode rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#semiAuto"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:Assertion&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="OutcomeValue" id="OutcomeValue">2.7. OutcomeValue Class</a></h3>
<p><em>Outcome Value</em> - a value or expression that describes a resulting condition from carrying out the test.</p>
<h4><a name="OutcomeValueInstances" id="OutcomeValueInstances">Related Instances</a></h4>
<p>Where applicable it is recommended to use one of the following instances of <code>earl:OutcomeValue</code>, to categorize the outcome of carrying out the test:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a name="passed" id="passed">earl:passed</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Passed - the subject passed the test.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="failed" id="failed">earl:failed</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Failed - the subject failed the test.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="cantTell" id="cantTell">earl:cantTell</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Cannot tell - it is unclear if the subject passed or failed the test.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="inapplicable" id="inapplicable">earl:inapplicable</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Inapplicable - the test is not applicable to the subject.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="untested" id="untested">earl:untested</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Untested - the test has not been carried out.</dd>
</dl>

<h4><a name="OutcomeValueClasses" id="OutcomeValueClasses">Related Classes</a></h4>
<p>In cases where it is necessary to create further instances of <code>earl:OutcomeValue</code>, it is recommended that one of the following types be employed in addition:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a name="Pass" id="Pass">earl:Pass</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Pass - the class of outcomes to denote passing a test. Subclasses may include ordinal, nominal, or continuous values or expressions.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="Fail" id="Fail">earl:Fail</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Fail - the class of outcomes to denote failing a test. Subclasses may include ordinal, nominal, or continuous values or expressions.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="CannotTell" id="CannotTell">earl:CannotTell</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Undetermined - the class of outcomes to denote an undetermined outcome. Usually this happens when an automated test requires human judgement to make a definite decision.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="NotApplicable" id="NotApplicable">earl:NotApplicable</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Not applicable - the class of outcomes to denote the test is not applicable. This could be due to a mismatch between the test and the subject or for any other reason.</dd>
  <dt><code><a name="NotTested" id="NotTested">earl:NotTested</a></code></dt>
    <dd>Not tested - the class of outcomes to denote the test has not been carried out. This is useful for reporting as well as for other uses of progress monitoring.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="OutcomeValueProperties" id="OutcomeValueProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<ul>
  <li>Domain of: none</li>
  <li>Range of:
    <ul>
      <li><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
<p>It is recommended to provide additional information about the <em>Outcome Value</em> by using the following properties from external vocabularies:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable title for the outcome value.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable description of the outcome value.</dd>
</dl>

<h4><a name="OutcomeValueExamples" id="OutcomeValueExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-11" id="example-11">Example 11</a>:</strong> A test result with an outcome of "Passed", using the corresponding instance of <code>earl:OutcomeValue</code>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:TestResult rdf:about="#result"&gt;
  &lt;earl:outcome rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#passed"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestResult&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-12" id="example-12">Example 12</a>:</strong> A test result with a non-standard outcome of "Warning", which is a type <code>earl:Pass</code>.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/my/warning#warning"&gt;
  &lt;rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/earl#Pass"/&gt;
  &lt;dc:title xml:lang="en"&gt;Warning&lt;/dc:title&gt;
  &lt;dc:description xml:lang="en"&gt;the subject passed the test but there are warnings&lt;/dc:description&gt;
&lt;/rdf:Description&gt;

&lt;earl:TestResult rdf:about="#result"&gt;
  &lt;earl:outcome rdf:resource="http://example.org/my/terms#warning"/&gt;
&lt;/earl:TestResult&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3><a name="Software" id="Software">2.8. Software Class</a></h3>
<p class="note">[<a name="note2" id="note2">Editor's note 2</a>: ERT WG is looking for feedback on the use of <a href="http://trac.usefulinc.com/doap">DOAP Project</a> to describe <em>Software</em>; feedback on this issue is welcome.]</p>
<p>A <em>Software</em> is any piece of software such as an authoring tool, browser, or evaluation tool. It can be used to describe an <em><a href="#Assertor">Assertor</a></em>, such as a validation or other quality assurance tool, and it can be used to describe a <em><a href="#TestSubject">Test Subject</a></em> (for example to test compliance of an authoring tool to Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines [<a href="#ref-atag">ATAG</a>] or of a browser to User Agent Accessibility Guidelines [<a href="#ref-uaag">UAAG</a>]).</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> <code>earl:Software</code> is a sublass of <code>doap:Project</code> to denote the narrower meaning of executable "Software", that is an outcome of a "Project".</p>
<h4><a name="SoftwareProperties" id="SoftwareProperties">Related Properties</a></h4>
<p>It is recommended to provide information about the <em>Software</em> by using the following properties from external vocabularies:</p>
<dl>
  <dt><code><a href="http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#name">doap:name <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable name of the software.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#description">doap:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Human readable description of the software.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#homepage">doap:homepage <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Homepage for the software.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#created">doap:created <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Date when the software was created or released, in YYYY-MM-DD form. e.g. 2004-04-05.</dd>
  <dt><code><a href="http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#release">doap:release <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dt>
    <dd>Version information about the software release.</dd>
</dl>
<h4><a name="SoftwareExamples" id="SoftwareExamples">Examples</a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p><strong><a name="example-13" id="example-13">Example 13</a>:</strong> Description of a software tool.</p>
<pre><code>&lt;earl:Software rdf:about="#cooltool"&gt;
  &lt;doap:name xml:lang="en"&gt;Cool Tool&lt;/doap:name&gt;
  &lt;doap:description xml:lang="en"&gt;My favorite tool!&lt;/doap:description&gt;
  &lt;doap:created&gt;2011-04-27&lt;/doap:created&gt;
  &lt;doap:homepage rdf:resource="http://example.org/tools/cool/"/&gt;
  &lt;doap:release&gt;
    &lt;doap:revision&gt;1.0.3&lt;/doap:revision&gt;
  &lt;/doap:release&gt;
&lt;/earl:Software&gt;</code></pre>
</div>

<h2><a name="properties" id="properties">3. Properties</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the properties defined by this document. EARL also uses properties from external vocabularies to provide additional information where necessary.</p>

<h3><a name="assertedBy" id="assertedBy">3.1. assertedBy Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Asserted By</em> - the assertor of an assertion.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="subject" id="subject">3.2. subject Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Subject</em> - the test subject of an assertion.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#TestSubject"><code>earl:TestSubject</code></a></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="test" id="test">3.3. test Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Test</em> - the test criterion of an assertion.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#TestCriterion"><code>earl:TestCriterion</code></a></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="result" id="result">3.4. result Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Result</em> - the result of an assertion.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="mode" id="mode">3.5. mode Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Mode</em> - the mode in which the test was performed.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="mainAssertor" id="mainAssertor">3.6. mainAssertor Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Main Assertor</em> - the assertor that is primarily responsible for performing the test. It is a refinement of the term <code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_member">foaf:member <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code> defined by  [<a href="#ref-foaf">FOAF</a>].</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#Assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="outcome" id="outcome">3.7. outcome Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Outcome</em> - the outcome of performing the test.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="pointer" id="pointer">3.8. pointer Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Pointer</em> - the location within a test subject that are most relevant to a test result.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Pointers-in-RDF/#Pointer">ptr:Pointer <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="info" id="info">3.9. info Property</a></h3>
<p><em>Info</em> - additional warnings or error messages in a human-readable form.</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Domain:</dt>
    <dd><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></dd>
  <dt>Range:</dt>
    <dd>Literal</dd>
</dl>

<hr />

<h2><a name="terms" id="terms">Appendix A: Terms</a></h2>
<p>This section summarizes the terms defined and used by this EARL 1.0 Schema specification.</p>

<h3><a name="terms-classes" id="terms-classes">Classes</a></h3>
<table class="terms">
  <caption>EARL 1.0 Classes</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Class Name</th>
      <th>Label</th>
      <th>Comment</th>
      <th>Refinements</th>
      <th>Related Properties</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#Assertion">earl:Assertion</a></code></td>
      <td>Assertion</td>
      <td>a statement that embodies the results of a test</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#assertedBy">earl:assertedBy</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#subject">earl:subject</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#test">earl:test</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#result">earl:result</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#mode">earl:mode</a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#Assertor">earl:Assertor</a></code></td>
      <td>Assertor</td>
      <td>an entity such as a person, a software tool, an organization, or any other grouping that carries out a test collectively</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#Software">earl:Software</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Agent">foaf:Agent <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Person">foaf:Person <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Organization">foaf:Organization <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Group">foaf:Group <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#assertedBy">earl:assertedBy</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#mainAssertor">earl:mainAssertor</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_name">foaf:name <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_firstName">foaf:firstName <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_surname">foaf:surname <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_nick">foaf:nick <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_mbox">foaf:mbox <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_mbox_sha1sum">foaf:mbox_sha1sum <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_homepage">foaf:homepage <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_member">foaf:member <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a href="#TestSubject"><code>earl:TestSubject</code></a></td>
      <td>Test Subject</td>
      <td>the class of things that have been tested against some test criterion</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#Software">earl:Software</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Content-in-RDF/#contentClass">cnt:Content <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/HTTP-in-RDF/#responseClass">http:Response <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Document">foaf:Document <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#subject">earl:subject</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/date">dct:date <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart">dct:hasPart <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf">dct:isPartOf <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a href="#TestCriterion"><code>earl:TestCriterion</code></a></td>
      <td>Test Criterion</td>
      <td>a testable statement, usually one that can be passed or failed</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#TestRequirement">earl:TestRequirement</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#TestCase">earl:TestCase</a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#test">earl:test</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart">dct:hasPart <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf">dct:isPartOf <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#TestRequirement">earl:TestRequirement</a></code> (subclass of <a href="#TestCriterion"><code>earl:TestCriterion</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Test Requirement</td>
      <td>a higher-level requirement that is tested by executing one or more sub-tests</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#test">earl:test</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart">dct:hasPart <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf">dct:isPartOf <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#TestCase">earl:TestCase</a></code> (subclass of <a href="#TestCriterion"><code>earl:TestCriterion</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Test Case</td>
      <td>an atomic test, usually one that is a partial test for a requirement</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#test">earl:test</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart">dct:hasPart <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf">dct:isPartOf <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td>Test Result</td>
      <td>the actual result of performing the test</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#result">earl:result</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#info">earl:info</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#pointer">earl:pointer</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/date">dct:date <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
      <td>Test Mode</td>
      <td>describes how a test was carried out</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#mode">earl:mode</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
      <td>Outcome Value</td>
      <td>a discrete value that describes a resulting condition from carrying out the test</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#Pass">earl:Pass</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#Fail">earl:Fail</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#CannotTell">earl:CannotTell</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#NotApplicable">earl:NotApplicable</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="#NotTested">earl:NotTested</a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#Pass">earl:Pass</a></code> (subclass of <a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Pass</td>
      <td>the class of outcomes to denote passing a test</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#Fail">earl:Fail</a></code> (subclass of <a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Fail</td>
      <td>the class of outcomes to denote failing a test</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#CannotTell">earl:CannotTell</a></code> (subclass of <a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Undetermined</td>
      <td>the class of outcomes to denote an undetermined outcome</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#NotApplicable">earl:NotApplicable</a></code> (subclass of <a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Not applicable</td>
      <td>the class of outcomes to denote the test is not applicable</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#NotTested">earl:NotTested</a></code> (subclass of <a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Not tested</td>
      <td>the class of outcomes to denote the test has not been carried out</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#Software">earl:Software</a></code></td>
      <td>Software</td>
      <td>any piece of software such as an authoring tool, browser, or evaluation tool</td>
      <td>-</td>
      <td><ul class="noindent">
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">dct:title <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description">dct:description <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_homepage">foaf:homepage <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion">dct:hasVersion <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart">dct:hasPart <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
        <li><code><a href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf">dct:isPartOf <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></li>
      </ul></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="terms-properties" id="terms-properties">Properties</a></h3>
<table class="terms">
  <caption>EARL 1.0 Properties</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Property Name</th>
      <th>Label</th>
      <th>Comment</th>
      <th>Domain</th>
      <th>Range</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#assertedBy">earl:assertedBy</a></code></td>
      <td>Asserted By</td>
      <td>assertor of an assertion</td>
      <td><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#Assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#subject">earl:subject</a></code></td>
      <td>Subject</td>
      <td>test subject of an assertion</td>
      <td><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#TestSubject"><code>earl:TestSubject</code></a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#test">earl:test</a></code></td>
      <td>Test</td>
      <td>test criterion of an assertion</td>
      <td><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#TestCriterion"><code>earl:TestCriterion</code></a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#result">earl:result</a></code></td>
      <td>Result</td>
      <td>result of an assertion</td>
      <td><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#mode">earl:mode</a></code></td>
      <td>Mode</td>
      <td>mode in which the test was performed</td>
      <td><a href="#Assertion"><code>earl:Assertion</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#mainAssertor">earl:mainAssertor</a></code> (subproperty of <code><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_member">foaf:member <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code>)</td>
      <td>Main Assertor</td>
      <td>assertor that is primarily responsible for performing the test</td>
      <td><a href="#Assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#Assertor"><code>earl:Assertor</code></a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#outcome">earl:outcome</a></code></td>
      <td>Outcome</td>
      <td>outcome of performing the test</td>
      <td><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td><a href="#OutcomeValue"><code>earl:OutcomeValue</code></a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#pointer">earl:pointer</a></code></td>
      <td>Pointer</td>
      <td>location within a test subject that are most relevant to a test result</td>
      <td><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td><code><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Pointers-in-RDF/#Pointer">ptr:Pointer <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/tr.png" alt="external link" /></a></code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#info">earl:info</a></code></td>
      <td>Info</td>
      <td>additional warnings or error messages in a human-readable form</td>
      <td><a href="#TestResult"><code>earl:TestResult</code></a></td>
      <td>Literal</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="terms-instances" id="terms-instances">Instances</a></h3>
<table class="terms">
  <caption>EARL 1.0 Instances</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Instance Name</th>
      <th>Title</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#automatic">earl:automatic</a></code> (instance of <a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Automatic</td>
      <td>where the test was carried out automatically by the software tool and without any human intervention</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#manual">earl:manual</a></code> (instance of <a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Manual</td>
      <td>where the test was carried out by human evaluators</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#semiAuto">earl:semiAuto</a></code> (instance of <a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Semi-Automatic</td>
      <td>where the test was partially carried out by software tools, but where human input or judgment was still required to decide or help decide the outcome of the test</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#undisclosed">earl:undisclosed</a></code> (instance of <a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Undisclosed</td>
      <td>where the exact testing process is undisclosed</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#unknownMode">earl:unknownMode</a></code> (instance of <a href="#TestMode"><code>earl:TestMode</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Unknown</td>
      <td>where the testing process is unknown or undetermined</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#passed">earl:passed</a></code> (instance of <a href="#Pass"><code>earl:Pass</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Passed</td>
      <td>the subject passed the test</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#failed">earl:failed</a></code> (instance of <a href="#Fail"><code>earl:Fail</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Failed</td>
      <td>the subject failed the test</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#cantTell">earl:cantTell</a></code> (instance of <a href="#CannotTell"><code>earl:CannotTell</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Cannot tell</td>
      <td>it is unclear if the subject passed or failed the test</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#inapplicable">earl:inapplicable</a></code> (instance of <a href="#NotApplicable"><code>earl:NotApplicable</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Inapplicable</td>
      <td>the test is not applicable to the subject</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><code><a href="#untested">earl:untested</a></code> (instance of <a href="#NotTested"><code>earl:NotTested</code></a>)</td>
      <td>Untested</td>
      <td>the test has not been carried out</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h2><a name="references" id="references">Appendix B: References</a></h2>
<p>This section provides references to related documents and specifications.</p>
<dl>
  <dt><a name="ref-atag" id="ref-atag">[ATAG]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/atag.php">Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-cnt" id="ref-cnt">[Content]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Content-in-RDF/">Representing Content in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym></a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-dc" id="ref-dc">[DC]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/">Dublin Core (DC) Metadata</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-doap" id="ref-doap">[DOAP]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://trac.usefulinc.com/doap">Description of a Project (DOAP) Vocabulary</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-foaf" id="ref-foaf">[FOAF]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/">Friend of a Friend (FOAF) Vocabulary</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-guide" id="ref-guide">[Guide]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Guide/">Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Guide</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-http" id="ref-http">[HTTP]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/HTTP-in-RDF/"><acronym title="Hyper Text Transfer Protocol">HTTP</acronym> Vocabulary in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym></a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-ptrs" id="ref-ptrs">[Pointers]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/Pointers-in-RDF/">Pointer Methods in <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym></a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdf" id="ref-rdf">[RDF]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/">Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdfs" id="ref-rdfs">[RDFS]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdf-primer" id="ref-rdf-primer">[RDF-PRIMER]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> Primer</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdfxml" id="ref-rdfxml">[RDF/XML]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/"><acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym>/<acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> Syntax Specification</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rdf-xml-diffs" id="ref-rdf-xml-diffs">[RDF-XML-DIFFS]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/RDF-XML">Why <acronym title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</acronym> model is different from the <acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> model</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119">[RFC 2119]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">Key words for use in <acronym title="Request For Comments">RFC</acronym>s to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-uaag" id="ref-uaag">[UAAG]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/uaag.php">User Agent Accessibility Guidelines</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-wcag" id="ref-wcag">[WCAG]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag.php">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></dd>
  <dt><a name="ref-xmls" id="ref-xmls">[XMLS]</a></dt>
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/"><acronym title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> Schema Part 0: Primer</a></dd>
</dl>

<h2><a name="contributors" id="contributors">Appendix C: Contributors</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>
<p>EARL is the result of the work of many people over the past. The editors would particularly like to thank Wendy Chisholm, Sean B Palmer, and Daniel Dardailler, whose contributions have included editing the first versions of the EARL specifications, and Leonard Kasday who set the work in motion to develop EARL. The editors apologise for any names left out of this list, and will endeavour to rectify any errors noted in comments.</p>

<h3><a name="contribs-this" id="contribs-this">Contributors to this</a> and/or <a name="contribs-prev" id="contribs-prev">previous Working Drafts</a></h3>
<p>Shadi Abou-Zahra, Philip Ackermann, Chrisoula Alexandraki, Shane Anderson, Myriam Arrue, Gabriele Bartolini, Giorgio Brajnik, Dan Brickley, Dan Connolly, Karl Dubost, Nick Gibbins, Al Gilman, Emmanuelle Guti&eacute;rrez y Restrepo, Dominique Haza&euml;l-Massieux, Nadia Heninger, Sandor Herramhof, Ian Hickson, Bj&ouml;rn H&ouml;hrmann, Carlos Iglesias, Nick Kew, Johannes Koch, Jim Ley, William Loughborough, Rui Lopes, John Lutts, Charles McCathieNevile, Libby Miller, Tom Martin, Yehya Mohamed, Daniela Ortner, Dave Pawson, Eric Prud'hommeaux, Pierre Queinnec, Chris Ridpath, Romain Roure, Christophe Strobbe, Michael Squillace, Aaron Swartz, Olivier Thoreaux, Carlos Velasco, Konstantinos Votis, and Rob Yonaitis.</p>

<h2><a name="changes" id="changes">Appendix D: Document Changes</a></h2>
<p>Besides several minor editorial changes, the most significant changes from the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-EARL10-Schema-20091029/">29 October, 2009 Working Draft</a> include:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Added examples to section <a href="#OutcomeValue">2.7 OutcomeValue Class</a>, to clarify the use of the terms;</li>
  <li>Made <a href="#Software"><code>earl:Software</code></a> a subclass of <code>doap:Project</code>, and reused several terms from DOAP</li>
  <li>Moved entire conformance section into the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL10/WD-EARL10-Guide-20110427">Developer Guide for EARL 1.0</a> document</li>
</ul>
<p>A detailed listing of the comments, resolutions, and changes made is provided in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL10/issues">Open Issues for EARL 1.0 Schema</a> listing.</p>

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