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<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home"
alt="W3C" height="48" width="72" /></a>

<h1 id="title"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_1"></a>XML Key Management
Specification (XKMS)</h1>

<h2 id="version"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_2"></a>Version 2.0</h2>

<h2 id="W3C-doctype"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_3"></a> <a
name="Masthead" id="Masthead">W3C Working Draft 18 April 2003</a></h2>
<dl>
  <dt>This version:</dt>
    <dd><a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-xkms2-20030418/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-xkms2-20030418/</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</dd>
  <dt>Latest version:</dt>
    <dd><a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xkms2/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xkms2/</a>&nbsp;</dd>
  <dt>Previous version:</dt>
    <dd><a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xkms2-20020318/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xkms2-20020318/</a></dd>
  <dt>Editor:</dt>
    <dd><a href="mailto:pbaker@verisign.com">Phillip Hallam-Baker</a>
    VeriSign</dd>
  <dt>Contributors:</dt>
    <dd>See the <a href="#Acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a>.</dd>
</dl>

<p class="copyright"><a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a>
© 2003 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><abbr
title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a
href="http://www.ercim.org/"><abbr
title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
use</a> and <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software">software
licensing</a> rules apply.</p>
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</div>

<div>
<h2 class="Abstract"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_4"></a> <a id="abstract"
name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_2"
class="markParagraph">[2]</a>This document specifies protocols for
distributing and registering public keys, suitable for use in conjunction
with the proposed standard for XML Signature <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a>
and XML Encryption [<a href="#XML-Enc">XML-Enc</a>]. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xkms2/">The XML Key Management Specification
(XKMS)</a> comprises two parts &mdash; the XML Key Information Service
Specification (X-KISS) and the XML Key Registration Service Specification
(X-KRSS).</p>

<h2 class="NoNumber"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_5"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_5"></a> <a name="status" id="status">Status
of this document</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_3"
class="markParagraph">[3]</a>This is a Last Call for the "XML Key Management
Specification" as <a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-xkms/2003Apr/0022.html">agreed
to</a> by the <a href="http://www.w3c.org/2001/XKMS/Drafts/">XKMS Working
Group</a> (<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XKMS/Activity.html">Activity
Statement</a>). The Last Call review period ends in 5 weeks on <em>23 May
2003</em>.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_4" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_4"
class="markParagraph">[4]</a>Please send comments to the editor (&lt;<a
href="mailto:pbaker@verisign.com">pbaker@verisign.com</a>&gt;) and cc: the
working group mailing list <a
href="mailto:www-xkms@w3.org">www-xkms@w3.org</a> (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-xkms/">archive</a>)</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_5" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_5"
class="markParagraph">[5]</a>The Working Group will try to <a
href="http://www.w3.org/1999/10/nsuri">use a new namespace</a> when changes
in its syntax or processing are substantive. However, this namespace might be
reused (prior to reaching Candidate Recommendation) by subsequent drafts in
such a way as to cause instances using the namespace to become invalid or to
change in meaning or affect the operation of existing software. Requests for
a more stringent level of namespace stability should be made to the Working
Group.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_6" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_6"
class="markParagraph">[6]</a>Publication of this document does not imply
endorsement by the W3C membership. This is a draft document and may be
updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is
inappropriate to cite a W3C Working Draft as anything other than a "work in
progress." A list of current W3C working drafts can be found at <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">http://www.w3.org/TR/</a>.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_7" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_7"
class="markParagraph">[7]</a>Patent disclosures relevant to this
specification may be found on the Working Group's <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XKMS/Disclosures.html">patent disclosure
page</a> in conformance with W3C policy.</p>
</div>

<h2 class="TableOfContents"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_6"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_6"></a> <a name="TableOfContents"
id="TableOfContents">Table Of Contents</a></h2>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_1">XML Key Management
Specification (XKMS)</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_2">Version 2.0</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_3">W3C Working Draft 18
April 2003</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_4">Abstract</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_5">Status of this
document</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Marker_6">Table Of
Contents</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1">1 Introduction</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_1">1.1 Editorial and
Conformance Conventions</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_2">1.2
Acknowledgments</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_3">1.3 Definition of
Terms</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_4">1.4 Versions Namespaces
and Identifiers</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_5">1.5 Key Information
Service Specification Overview (Non-Normative)</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_6">1.6 Key Registration
Service Specification Overview (Non-Normative)</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_7">1.7 Structure of this
document</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2">2 Message Format</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_1">2.1 All Messages</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_2">2.2 Request Types</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_3">2.3 Responses</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4">2.4 Synchronous and
Asynchronous Processing</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5">2.5 Asynchronous
Processing</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6">2.6 Two Phase Request
Protocol</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_7">2.7 Two Phase Protocol
with Asynchronous Processing</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8">2.8 Compound Requests and
Responses</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_9">2.9 Security
Binding</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3">3 Message Syntax</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1">3.1 Message Base</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2">3.2 Request
Message</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3">3.3 Response
Messages</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_4">3.4 Compound
Requests</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_5">3.5 Status Request</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4">4 Key Information Service
Overview</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_1">4.1 XKISS Locate
Service</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_2">4.2 XKISS: Validate
Service</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_3">4.3 Using Locate and
Validate</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5">5 Key Information Service
Message Set</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1">5.1 Key Binding
Specification</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_2">5.2 Locate Service</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_3">5.3 Validate
Service</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6">6 Key Registration Service
Overview</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_1">6.1 Registration</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_2">6.2 Reissue</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_3">6.3 Revocation</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_4">6.4 Key Recovery</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_5">6.5 Request
Authentication</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7">7 Key Registration Service
Message Set</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1">7.1 Common
Elements</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_2">7.2 Register</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_3">7.3 Reissue</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_4">7.4 Revoke</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_5">7.5 Recover</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8">8 Cryptographic Algorithm
Specific Parameters</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_1">8.1 Use of Limited-Use
Shared Secret Data</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_2">8.2 Private Key
Parameters</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_9">9 Conformance</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10">10 Security
Considerations</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_1">10.1 Replay
Attacks</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_2">10.2 Denial of
Service</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_3">10.3 Recovery
Policy</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_4">10.4 Security of Limited
Use Shared Secret</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_5">10.5 Confidentiality of
Opaque Client Data</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_6">10.6 Security of Not
Bound Authentication Data</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_7">10.7 Signature
Oracle</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_8">10.8 Privacy</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_9">10.9 Security of the
Private Key</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_10">10.10 Message Length
Disclosure Vulnerabilities</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_A">Appendix A
Schemas</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_A_1">A.1 XKMS Schema</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_B">Appendix B Service
Location Configuration</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_B_1">B.1 Domain Name Service
(DNS)</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_C">Appendix C Sample
Protocol Exchanges</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1">C.1 Authentication
Computation</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_2">C.2 Pass Phrase
Computation</a></p>

<p class="toc2"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3">C.3 Private Key
Parameters</a></p>

<p class="toc1"><a href="#XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_D">Appendix D
References</a></p>
<!-- <h2 class="TableOfFigures">Table of Figures</h2>
		<p class="Comment">To be generated</p> -->
<hr title="Separator from Header" />

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1">1</a> <a
name="Introduction" id="Introduction">Introduction</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_8" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_8"
class="markParagraph">[8]</a>This document specifies protocols for
distributing and registering public keys, suitable for use in conjunction
with the standard for XML Signatures <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> defined
by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) and companion standard for XML encryption <a
href="#XML-Enc">[XML-ENC]</a>.&nbsp; The XML Key Management Specification
(XKMS) comprises two parts -- the XML Key Information Service Specification
(X-KISS) and the XML Key Registration Service Specification (X-KRSS).</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_9" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_9"
class="markParagraph">[9]</a>These protocols do not require any particular
underlying public key infrastructure (such as X.509) but are designed to be
compatible with such infrastructures.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_10" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_10"
class="markParagraph">[10]</a>This document comprises the following service
specifications:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>XML Key Information Service Specification:&nbsp;</dt>
    <dd>A protocol to support the delegation by an application to a service
      of the processing of key information associated with an XML signature,
      XML encryption, or other usage of the XML Signature <a
      href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a><span class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span>
      element.&nbsp;</dd>
  <dt>XML Key Registration Service Specification:&nbsp;</dt>
    <dd>A protocol to support the registration of a key pair by a key pair
      holder, with the intent that the key pair subsequently be usable in
      conjunction with the XML Key Information Service Specification or a
      Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) such as <a href="#x509">[X.509]</a><a
      href="#pkix">[PKIX]</a>.</dd>
</dl>

<p>While this specification uses the terms "trust" and "policy" informally,
it does not define semantics nor processing associated with either.
Instead,it only defines how a Validate Service returns information that has
been validated according to external trust and policy specifications. In
fact, the benefit of an XKMS Validate Service is that it provides a front end
to different security and PKI technologies with their own particular
semantics.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_1">1.1</a>
<a id="sec-Editorial" name="sec-Editorial">Editorial</a> and Conformance
Conventions</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_11" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_11"
class="markParagraph">[11]</a>This specification uses XML Schemas [<a
href="#XML-Schema1">XML-schema</a>] to describe the content model.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_12" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_12"
class="markParagraph">[12]</a>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
"SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this specification are to be interpreted as described in <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">RFC2119</a> [<a
href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_13" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_13"
  class="markParagraph">[13]</a>"they MUST only be used where it is actually
  required for interoperation or to limit behavior which has potential for
  causing harm (e.g., limiting retransmissions)"</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_14" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_14"
class="markParagraph">[14]</a>Consequently, we use these capitalized keywords
to unambiguously specify requirements over protocol and application features
and behavior that affect the interoperability and security of
implementations. These key words are not used (capitalized) to describe XML
grammar; schema definitions unambiguously describe such requirements and we
wish to reserve the prominence of these terms for the natural language
descriptions of protocols and features. For instance, an XML attribute might
be described as being "optional." Compliance with the XML-namespace
specification [<a href="#ref-XML-ns">XML-NS</a>] is described as
"REQUIRED."</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_2">1.2</a>
<a name="Acknowledgments" id="Acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_15" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_15"
class="markParagraph">[15]</a>The contributions of the following Working
Group members to this specification are gratefully acknowledged in accordance
with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XKMS/Contributor.html">contributor
policies</a> and the active <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XKMS/Participants.html">WG roster</a>.</p>
<ul>
  <li>Daniel Ash, Identrus</li>
  <li>Blair Dillaway, Microsoft</li>
  <li>Donald Eastlake 3rd, Motorola</li>
  <li>Yassir Elley, Sun Microsystems</li>
  <li>Jeremy Epstein, webMethods</li>
  <li>Stephen Farrell, Baltimore (Co-Chair)</li>
  <li>Phillip Hallam-Baker, VeriSign Inc. (Editor)</li>
  <li>Loren Hart, VeriSign Inc.</li>
  <li>Mack Hicks, Bank of America</li>
  <li>Merlin Hughes, Baltimore</li>
  <li>Frederick Hirsch, Nokia Mobile Phones</li>
  <li>Mike Just, Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat</li>
  <li>Brian LaMacchia, Microsoft</li>
  <li>Pradeep Lamsal</li>
  <li>Shivaram Mysore, Sun Microsystems (Co-Chair)</li>
  <li>Joseph Reagle, W3C</li>
  <li>Dave Remy, GeoTrust, Inc.</li>
  <li>Peter Rostin, RSA Security Inc.</li>
  <li>Ed Simon, XMLsec Inc.</li>
  <li>Slava Galperin,&nbsp; Sun Microsystems</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_16" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_16"
class="markParagraph">[16]</a>The authors also acknowledge the extensive
assistance provided in the design stage of this specification by David Solo
(CitiGroup), and the contributions of Jeremy Epstein, (webMethods), Andrew
Layman&nbsp; (Microsoft), Dr Paul Boisen (NSA),&nbsp; Dan Guinan, Marc Hayes,
Alex Deacon, Mingliang Pei (VeriSign).</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_3">1.3</a>
<a name="DefinitionofTerms" id="DefinitionofTerms">Definition of
Terms</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_17" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_17"
class="markParagraph">[17]</a>The following terms are used within this
document with the particular meaning indicated below:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_18"
  id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_18" class="markParagraph">[18]</a> <b>Service<br
  />
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b> An application that provides computational or
  informational resources on request. A service may be provided by several
  physical servers operating as a unit.</p>

  <p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_19"
  id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_19" class="markParagraph">[19]</a> <b>Web
  service<br />
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b> A service that is accessible by means of messages
  sent using standard web protocols, notations and naming conventions</p>

  <p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_20"
  id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_20" class="markParagraph">[20]</a> <b>Client<br
  />
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b> An application that makes requests of a
  service.&nbsp; The concept of 'client' is relative to a service request; an
  application may have the role of client for some requests and service for
  others.</p>
</blockquote>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_4" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_4">1.4</a>
<a name="Namespaces" id="Namespaces">Versions Namespaces and
Identifiers</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_21" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_21"
class="markParagraph">[21]</a>No provision is made for an explicit version
number in this syntax. If a future version is needed, it will use a different
namespace. The XML namespace [<a href="#ref-XML-ns">XML-ns</a>] URI that MUST
be used by implementations of this (dated) specification is:</p>
<pre class="xml-example">   http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_22" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_22"
class="markParagraph">[22]</a>This namespace is also used as the prefix for
algorithm identifiers used by this specification. While applications MUST
support XML and XML namespaces, the use of internal entities [<a
href="#ref-XML">XML</a>] or the "xkms" XML namespace prefix and
defaulting/scoping conventions are OPTIONAL; we use these facilities to
provide compact and readable examples.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_23" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_23"
class="markParagraph">[23]</a>In this document, certain namespace prefixes
represent certain namespaces in the schema fragments (shown on a yellow
background) as follows:</p>

<div class="center">

<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Prefix&nbsp;</td>
      <td>Specification&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
      <td>Schema</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
      <td align="left">XML Schema</td>
      <td class="ID" align="left">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="ID" align="left">ds</td>
      <td align="left">XML Signature</td>
      <td class="ID" align="left">http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="ID" align="left">xenc</td>
      <td align="left">XML Encryption</td>
      <td class="ID" align="left">http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="ID" align="left">xkms</td>
      <td align="left">XKMS</td>
      <td class="ID" align="left">http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_24" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_24"
class="markParagraph">[24]</a>For clarity, some examples of XML are not
complete documents and namespace declarations may be omitted from XML
fragments.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_25" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_25"
class="markParagraph">[25]</a>In all examples (shown on a light blue
background) and in the body of the text the default namespace refers to the
xkms namespace itself. This means that namespace prefixes are omitted for all
element names, type names and QNames in the <span class="ID">xkms</span>
namespace. For example the QName <span class="ID">xkms:Success</span> is
referred to using the local name part <span class="ID">Success</span>
alone.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_26" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_26"
class="markParagraph">[26]</a>These namespaces are declared in the XKMS
schema as follows:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
&lt;schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" 
      xmlns:xkms="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" 
      xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
      elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified"&gt;
   &lt;import namespace="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
         schemaLocation="xmldsig-core-schema.xsd"/&gt;
   &lt;import namespace="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
         schemaLocation="xenc-schema.xsd"/&gt;
   &lt;annotation&gt;
      &lt;documentation xml:lang="en"&gt;
              XML Schema for XKMS 2.0 Last Call Candidate 2003
      &lt;/documentation&gt;
   &lt;/annotation&gt;
   &lt;!-- /Namespace --&gt;</pre>
<pre class="Code">   ...</pre>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- End Schema --&gt;
&lt;/schema&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_27" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_27"
class="markParagraph">[27]</a>Internet Protocol addresses and Domain Name
System names used in examples are purposely chosen to avoid confusion with
assigned addresses and names. All Internet Protocol Addresses are in the
reserved non-routable network 10.x.x.x. All DNS names are in the reserved
domain <span class="ID">example.com</span>.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_5" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_5">1.5</a>
<a name="KISSOverview" id="KISSOverview">Key Information Service
Specification Overview</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_28" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_28"
class="markParagraph">[28]</a>X-KISS allows a client to delegate part or all
of the tasks required to process XML Signature <a
href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a><span class="ID"><font
face="Courier">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</font></span> elements to an XKMS service.
A key objective of the protocol design is to minimize the complexity of
applications using XML Signature <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a>. By
becoming a client of the XKMS service, the application is relieved of the
complexity and syntax of the underlying PKI used to establish trust
relationships, which may be based upon a different specification such as
X.509/PKIX, SPKI or PGP.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_29" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_29"
class="markParagraph">[29]</a>By design, the XML Signature specification <a
href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> does not mandate use of a particular trust
policy. The signer of a document is not required to include any key
information but may include a <span class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span>
element that specifies the key itself, a key name, X.509 certificate, a PGP
key identifier etc. Alternatively, a link may be provided to a location where
the full <span class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span> information may be
found.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_30" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_30"
class="markParagraph">[30]</a>The information provided by the signer may
therefore be insufficient by itself to perform cryptographic verification and
decide whether to trust the signing key, or the information may not be in a
format the client can use. For example:</p>
<ul type="disc">
  <li>The key may be specified by a name only.</li>
  <li>The local trust policy of the client may require additional information
    in order to trust the key.</li>
  <li>The key may be encoded in an X.509 certificate that the client cannot
    parse.</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_31" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_31"
class="markParagraph">[31]</a>In the case of an encryption operation:</p>
<ul type="disc">
  <li>The client may not know the public key of the recipient.</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_6" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_6">1.6</a>
<a name="KRSSOverview" id="KRSSOverview">Key Registration Service
Specification Overview</a> (Non-Normative)</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_32" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_32"
class="markParagraph">[32]</a>X-KRSS describes a protocol for registration
and subsequent management of public key information. A client of a conforming
service may request that the registration service bind information to a
public key. The information bound may include a name, an identifier or
extended attributes defined by the implementation.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_33" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_33"
class="markParagraph">[33]</a>The key pair to which the information is bound
may be generated in advance by the client or on request generated by the
service. The Registration protocol may also be used for subsequent management
operations including recovery of the private key and reissue or revocation of
the key binding.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_34" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_34"
class="markParagraph">[34]</a>The protocol provides for authentication of the
applicant and, in the case that the key pair is generated by the client,
Proof of Possession (POP) of the private key. A means of communicating the
private key to the client is provided in the case that the private key is
generated by the registration service.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_35" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_35"
class="markParagraph">[35]</a>This document specifies means of registering
RSA and DSA keys and a framework for extending the protocol to support other
cryptographic algorithms such as Diffie-Hellman and Elliptic Curve
variants.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_7" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_1_7">1.7</a>
<a name="Structure" id="Structure">Structure</a> of this document</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_36" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_36"
class="markParagraph">[36]</a>The remainder of this document describes the
XML Key Information Service Specification and XML Key Registration Service
Specification.</p>
<dl>
  <dt><b>Section 2</b>: Message Format</dt>
    <dd>Features of the XKMS that are common to the XKMS services are
      described</dd>
  <dt><b>Section 3</b>: Key Information Service Specification Overview.</dt>
    <dd>The functional behavior of the X-KISS service is described.</dd>
  <dt><b>Section 4</b>: Key Information Service Specification Message
  Set.</dt>
    <dd>The semantics of the X-KISS protocol messages are defined.</dd>
  <dt><b>Section 5</b>: Key Registration Service Specification Overview.</dt>
    <dd>The functional behavior of the X-KRSS service is described.</dd>
  <dt><b>Section 6</b>: Key Registration Service Specification Message
  Set.</dt>
    <dd>The semantics of the X-KRSS protocol messages is defined.</dd>
  <dt><b>Section 7</b>: Cryptographic Algorithm Specific Parameters</dt>
    <dd>Parameters and data formats specific to the use of particular
      cryptographic algorithms are defined.</dd>
  <dt><b>Section 8</b>: Security Considerations</dt>
    <dd>Security considerations for implementation and deployment of XKMS are
      described</dd>
</dl>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2">2</a> <a
name="MessageFormat" id="MessageFormat">Message Format</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_37" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_37"
class="markParagraph">[37]</a>XKMS protocol exchanges consist of a sequence
of either one or two request response pairs.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_38" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_38"
class="markParagraph">[38]</a>XKMS protocol messages share a common format
that may be carried within a variety of protocols.&nbsp; A binding to the
SOAP&nbsp;<a href="#SOAP">[SOAP]</a><a href="#XMLP">[XMLP]</a> message
protocol is provided in Part II: Protocol Bindings. It is recommended XKMS
implementers support SOAP over HTTP for interoperability purposes. XKMS is
transport protocol agnostic however and MAY be layered over any SOAP
transport.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_39" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_39"
class="markParagraph">[39]</a>Implementers MAY implement bindings to other
protocols at their option.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_40" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_40"
class="markParagraph">[40]</a>No XKMS operations are idempotent, that is all
XKMS requests MAY cause a change of state.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_41" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_41"
class="markParagraph">[41]</a> <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-xkms2-bindings-20030418/">Part II of this
specification</a> describes the XKMS Security Protocol bindings.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_42" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_42"
class="markParagraph">[42]</a>The XKMS protocol consists of pairs of requests
and responses. The XKMS protocol binding allows for the case in which an
additional request/response round trip is required to support cases such as
pending responses and 2 phase requests for replay attack protection.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_43" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_43"
class="markParagraph">[43]</a>Each XKMS response message contains a <font
face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code that
determines whether the response is final or further processing is required.
The protocol is specified in the formalism <a href="#CSP">[CSP]</a> as
follows:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><i>Final</i> = { <i>Success</i>, <i>VersionMismatch</i>,
    <i>Sender</i>, <i>Receiver</i> }</dt>
      <dd>&nbsp;</dd>
    <dt><i>Request</i> <span class="ID">&#x2192;</span>
    <i>Result</i>.<i>Final</i></dt>
      <dd>|</dd>
    <dt><i>Request</i> <span class="ID">&#x2192;</span>
    <i>Result</i>.<i>Pending</i><span class="ID">&#x2192;</span><span
    class="ID"><i>PendingNotification</i>&#x2192;</span><i>Request</i><span
    class="ID">&#x2192;</span><i>Result</i>.<i>Final</i></dt>
      <dd>|</dd>
    <dt><i>Request</i> <span class="ID">&#x2192;</span>
    <i>Result</i>.<i>Represent</i><span
    class="ID">&#x2192;</span><i>Request</i><span
    class="ID">&#x2192;</span><i>Result</i>.<i>Final</i></dt>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_44" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_44"
class="markParagraph">[44]</a>The following sections describe the message
protocol and the message processing steps taken by both parties in each of
the message</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_1">2.1</a>
<a name="AllMessages" id="AllMessages">All Messages</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_45" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_45"
class="markParagraph">[45]</a>The following processing steps are taken with
respect to all messages regardless of whether they are a request or a
response:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Generation</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">ID</span> is set to a randomly generated unique
    value</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">Service</span> is set to the value of the URI to
      which the XKMS request is directed<br />
      Authentication Signature is generated (if required).</dd>
  <dt>Processing</dt>
    <dd>The value of <span class="ID">Service</span> is verified<br />
      The Authentication Signature value is verified (if required)</dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_1_1">2.1.1</a>Example</h3>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;MessageAbstractType Id="1noOYHt5Lx7xUuizWZLOMw==" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_2">2.2</a>
<a name="MessageRequestTypes" id="MessageRequestTypes">Request Types</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_46" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_46"
class="markParagraph">[46]</a>The XKMS specification defines three types of
request:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>X-KISS Request</dt>
    <dd>A Locate or Validate request as specified by the Key Information
      Service Specification</dd>
  <dt>X-KRSS Request</dt>
    <dd>A Register, Reissue, Revoke or Recover request as specified by the
      Key Information Service Specification</dd>
  <dt>Compound Request</dt>
    <dd>A compound request consists of a set of one or more X-KISS or X-KRSS
      requests.</dd>
</dl>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_47" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_47"
class="markParagraph">[47]</a>The XKMS protocol supports a number of protocol
options, including asynchronous processing, two-phase requests and compound
requests. The client specifies the protocol options it supports in relation
to a specific request through <font face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font>
elements in the request.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_48" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_48"
class="markParagraph">[48]</a>The means by which the service specifies
protocol options which it accepts is outside the scope of this document. If
the mechanism used for this purpose uses URI based identifiers for this
purpose the following identifiers SHOULD be used:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Asynchronous Processing</dt>
    <dd>http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#Asynchronous</dd>
  <dt>Two Phase Request Protocol</dt>
    <dd>http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#Represent</dd>
  <dt>Compound Requests and Responses</dt>
    <dd>http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#Compound</dd>
</dl>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_3">2.3</a>
<a name="Responses" id="Responses">Responses</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_49" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_49"
class="markParagraph">[49]</a>All XKMS responses contain a Result code
comprised of a major and minor component. If a service applies a protocol
processing option the client is informed by means of the <font
face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code value of the
response.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4">2.4</a>
<a name="SynchronousandAsynchronous"
id="SynchronousandAsynchronous">Synchronous and Asynchronous</a>
Processing</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_50" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_50"
class="markParagraph">[50]</a>XKMS supports two processing modes, synchronous
processing and asynchronous processing.</p>
<ul>
  <li>In synchronous processing the service responds to a request such&nbsp;
    that it has satisfied its obligation and will issue no more responses
    with respect to that request: a response code in the set <i>Final</i>
    defined above is returned.</li>
  <li>In asynchronous processing the service will not complete the request
    immediately and notifies that the request is not yet satisfied and
    subsequent responses will be forthcoming: a response code that is not in
    the set <i>Final</i> is returned in intermediate responses.</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_51" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_51"
class="markParagraph">[51]</a>A client MAY advise a service that it will
accept asynchronous processing of a request by specifying the <font
face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Asynchronous</font>. An XKMS service advises the client that
the response value will be returned asynchronously by specifying the <font
face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code <font
face="Courier">Pending</font>.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_52" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_52"
class="markParagraph">[52]</a>An XKMS service MUST NOT return the <font
face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code <font
face="Courier">Pending</font> unless the <font
face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Asynchronous</font> was specified in the corresponding
request. If an XKMS service receives a request that cannot be processed
synchronously and the <font face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value
<font face="Courier">Asynchronous</font> is not specified the <font
face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code <font
face="Courier">Receiver</font> and <font face="Courier"><span
class="ID">MinorResult</span></font> code<span
class="ID">NotSynchronous</span> are returned.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_53" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_53"
class="markParagraph">[53]</a>Asynchronous processing MAY be used to allow
administrator intervention during the processing of a request. For example an
administrator might be required to verify and approve all XKRSS Registration
requests before they are processed.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_1">2.4.1</a> <a
name="SynchronousRequestResponse" id="SynchronousRequestResponse">Synchronous
Request / Response</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_54" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_54"
class="markParagraph">[54]</a>Processing of a synchronous Request and
Response takes place as follows:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Requestor generation of the Request Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">Nonce</span> and <font face="Courier"><span
      class="ID">OriginalRequestID</span></font>&nbsp; are not present<br />
      <span class="ID">RespondWith</span> values <font face="Courier"><span
      class="ID">Represent</span></font> and/or <font face="Courier"><span
      class="ID"></span></font><span class="ID">Asynchronous</span> MAY be
      specified</dd>
  <dt>Service processing of the Request Message</dt>
    <dd><i>Verify that request meets service authorization policy<br />
      Process request to completion</i></dd>
  <dt>Service generation of the Response Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">RequestID</span> is set to the value of <font
      face="Courier">Id</font> in the request message</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">Nonce</span> is not present<br />
      <span class="ID">MajorResult</span> is set to a Final result value.</dd>
  <dt>Requestor processing of the Response Message</dt>
    <dd><i>The value of <span class="ID">RequestID</span> is verified</i></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_2">2.4.2</a>Example</h3>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_2_1">2.4.2.1</a>Request</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateRequest Id="I72b7f6439ae0dd3e45363d18a6d649fc" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;QueryKeyBinding /&gt;
&lt;/LocateRequest&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_2_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_4_2_2">2.4.2.2</a>Response</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateResult Id="I2bc6874c94cbd8b8dd94b05fa3e2f084" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#I72b7f6439ae0dd3e45363d18a6d649fc" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5">2.5</a>
<a name="AsynchronousProcessing" id="AsynchronousProcessing">Asynchronous
Processing</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_55" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_55"
class="markParagraph">[55]</a>Asynchronous processing consists of a sequence
of two request/response pairs, an initial request which specifies the request
values and a pending request which obtains the result of the operation.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_1">2.5.1</a>Initial Request</h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_56" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_56"
class="markParagraph">[56]</a>The initial request message is processed as
follows:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Requestor generation of the Initial Request Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">Nonce</span> and <font face="Courier"><span
      class="ID">OriginalRequestID</span></font>&nbsp; are not present<br />
      <span class="ID">RespondWith</span> value <font face="Courier"><span
      class="ID">A</span></font><span class="ID">synchronous</span> MUST be
      specified</dd>
  <dt>Service processing of the Initial Request Message</dt>
    <dd><i>Schedule request for asynchronous processing</i></dd>
  <dt>Service generation of the Initial Response Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">RequestID</span> is set to the value <font
      face="Courier">Id</font> in the initial request message</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">Nonce</span> is not present</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">MajorResult</span> is set to <font
      face="Courier"><span class="ID">Asynchronous</span></font></dd>
  <dt>Requestor processing of the Initial Response Message</dt>
    <dd><i>Register request as pending completion, wait for
    notification.</i></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_2">2.5.2</a>Pending Request</h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_57" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_57"
class="markParagraph">[57]</a>On notification the client requests the return
of the result values by issuing a <font face="Courier">PendingRequest</font>
message as follows:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Requestor generation of the Pending Request Message</dt>
    <dd>The request element is <font face="Courier">PendingRequest</font></dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">OriginalRequestID</span> is set to the value of
      <font face="Courier">Id</font> in the initial request message<br />
      <span class="ID">ResponseID</span> is set to value of <font
      face="Courier">Id</font> in the initial response message</dd>
  <dt>Service processing of the Pending Request Message</dt>
    <dd><i>Match pending request to pending response</i></dd>
  <dt>Service generation of the Pending Response Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">RequestID</span> is set to the value of <font
      face="Courier">Id</font> in the Pending request message</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">Nonce</span> is not present</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">ResponseID</span> is set to a randomly generated
      unique value</dd>
  <dt>Requestor processing of the Pending Response Message</dt>
    <dd><i>If <span class="ID">MajorResult</span>&nbsp; is set to a non-final
      value consider it to be <font face="Courier">failure</font></i></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3">2.5.3</a>Example</h3>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_1">2.5.3.1</a>Request</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateRequest Id="I1221aaad701f0aacc65444c9bb93a7c0" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;RespondWith&gt;Pending&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
  &lt;QueryKeyBinding /&gt;
&lt;/LocateRequest&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_2">2.5.3.2</a>Response</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateResult Id="I2251cfc37bc354a95c3d6a36661c990d" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Pending" 
      RequestId="#I1221aaad701f0aacc65444c9bb93a7c0" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_3">2.5.3.3</a>Notification</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;Result xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"/&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_4">2.5.3.4</a>Pending Request</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;PendingRequest Id="I4294d3993de300c1ef54d49bd0903b2d" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      OriginalRequestId="#I1221aaad701f0aacc65444c9bb93a7c0" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_5"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_5_3_5">2.5.3.5</a>Response</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateResult Id="If91f068062d27f8f5892df0de3bb18aa" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#Idbdf93883e29a3f1f505d6fe9d0c5979" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6">2.6</a>
<a name="TwoPhaseRequest" id="TwoPhaseRequest">Two Phase Request</a>
Protocol</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_58" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_58"
class="markParagraph">[58]</a>XKMS requests may employ a two phase request
protocol to protect against a denial of service attack. The two phase request
protocol allows the service to perform a lightweight authentication of the
source of an XKMS request, specifically the service determines that the
client is able to read messages sent to the purported source address.
Although this mechanism provides only a weak form of authentication it
prevents an attacker performing a Denial of Service attack by forcing the
service to perform a resource intensive form of authentication such as the
verification of a digital signature.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_59" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_59"
class="markParagraph">[59]</a>The two-phase protocol consists of two phases
as follows:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_60" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_60"
  class="markParagraph">[60]</a>In the first phase the requestor presents the
  request and the service responds the <span class="ID">MajorResult</span>
  value <span class="ID">Represent</span> and presents a nonce.</p>

  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_61" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_61"
  class="markParagraph">[61]</a>In the second phase the requestor represents
  the original request together with the nonce.</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_62" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_62"
class="markParagraph">[62]</a>A client MAY advise a service that it supports
the two phase request protocol by specifying the <font
face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Represent</font>. An XKMS service advises the client that the
use of the two phase request protocol is required by specifying the <font
face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code <font
face="Courier">Represent</font>.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_63" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_63"
class="markParagraph">[63]</a>An XKMS service MUST NOT return the <font
face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code <font
face="Courier">Represent</font> unless the <font
face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Represent</font> was specified in the corresponding request.
If an XKMS service requires the use of the Two Phase Request protocol and the
<font face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Represent</font> is not specified in the corresponding request
the <font face="Courier"><span class="ID">MajorResult</span></font> code
<font face="Courier">Receiver</font> and <font face="Courier"><span
class="ID">MinorResult</span></font> code<span
class="ID">MustRepresent</span> are returned.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_64" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_64"
class="markParagraph">[64]</a>The Two Phase request protocol bears some
similarity to asynchronous request processing. Both mechanisms introduce an
extra protocol round trip but each serve different purposes. The purpose of
asynchronous processing is to allow a delay to be introduced between the
initial request and the return of the result. In the two phase request
protocol however there is no delay between the first request and the first
response or between the first response and the second request. The purpose of
the two phase request protocol is to allow a service to protect itself
against a denial of service attack by allowing the service to perform a
lightweight authentication of the source of the request.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_65" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_65"
class="markParagraph">[65]</a>The service SHOULD verify that the nonce value
specified in a second phase request was recently generated by the service.
The service MAY verify that the nonce value has not been previously responded
to. The actual construction of the nonce value is outside the scope of this
specification and may be chosen as site specific circumstances dictate. The
techniques described in the section <a href="#idsandnonces">Construction of
Nonce Values</a> describe a technique that reduces or avoids the need to
maintain server state in order to meet this requirement.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_1">2.6.1</a>Processing Steps</h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_66" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_66"
class="markParagraph">[66]</a>In the first phase of the two phase protocol
the processing steps specified for the single phase case are performed with
the following exceptions:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Requestor generation of the Phase 1 Request Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">RespondWith</span> value <font face="Courier"><span
      class="ID">Represent</span></font> MUST be specified</dd>
  <dt>Service processing of the Phase 1 Request Message</dt>
    <dd><i>Service decides to exercise option to require Two Phase
      Processing</i></dd>
    <dd><i>Request is NOT processed</i></dd>
  <dt>Service generation of the Phase 1 Response Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">RequestID</span> is set to the value <font
      face="Courier">Id</font> in the Phase 1 request message</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">Nonce</span> value is set in accordance with service
      replay protection requirements</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">MajorResult</span> is set to <span
      class="ID">Represent</span></dd>
  <dt>Requestor processing of the Phase 1 Response Message</dt>
    <dd><i>Proceed to phase 2</i></dd>
</dl>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_67" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_67"
class="markParagraph">[67]</a>In the Second phase of the two phase protocol
the processing steps specified for the single phase case are performed with
the following exceptions:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Requestor generation of the Phase 2 Request Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">OriginalRequestID</span>&nbsp; set to the value of
      <font face="Courier">Id</font> in the Phase 1 request message<br />
      <span class="ID">Nonce</span> value is set to the value of <span
      class="ID">Nonce</span> in the Phase 1 response message</dd>
  <dt>Service processing of the Phase 2 Request Message</dt>
    <dd><i>Verify value of <span class="ID">Nonce</span></i></dd>
    <dd><i>Verify that request meets service authorization policy<br />
      Process request to completion</i></dd>
  <dt>Service generation of the Phase 2 Response Message</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">RequestID</span> is set to the value of <font
      face="Courier">Id</font> in the Phase2 request message</dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">Nonce</span> is not present<br />
      <span class="ID">MajorResult</span> is set to a Final result value</dd>
  <dt>Requestor processing of the Phase 2 Response Message</dt>
    <dd><i>If <span class="ID">MajorResult</span> set to a non-final value
      consider to be failure</i></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_2">2.6.2</a> <a name="idsandnonces"
id="idsandnonces">Construction of Nonce Values</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_68" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_68"
class="markParagraph">[68]</a>Nonce values may be constructed so as to permit
the service to determine that they were generated by the server at a specific
time in a computationally efficient manner as follows.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_69" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_69"
class="markParagraph">[69]</a>The nonce is constructed from the current time
at the service, a unique serial number and a secret key known only to the
service using a Message Authentication Code as follows:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_70" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_70"
  class="markParagraph">[70]</a> <i>nonce</i> = <i>time</i> + <i>serial</i> +
  <i>M</i> ( <i>time</i> + <i>serial</i> , <i>k</i> )</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_71" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_71"
class="markParagraph">[71]</a>The service may limit the time interval in
which replay attacks are possible by rejecting nonce values that specify an
unacceptable time value or an incorrect MAC value.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_72" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_72"
class="markParagraph">[72]</a>The service may prevent replay attacks
completely by tracking the serial numbers for which responses have already
been given, using the nonce time construction value to limit the interval
over which the serial number is tracked.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_73" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_73"
class="markParagraph">[73]</a>The nonce value may be encrypted to avoid
leaking information such as the serial number value which might be of
interest to an attacker.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3">2.6.3</a>Example</h3>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_1">2.6.3.1</a>Request 1</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateRequest Id="I59dd0055e74da7b1d6b6d7ac6695e60c" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;RespondWith&gt;Represent&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
  &lt;QueryKeyBinding /&gt;
&lt;/LocateRequest&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_2">2.6.3.2</a>Response 1</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateResult Id="I181e6922d7a282a317b7456ca969050d" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      Nonce="2gxX8Mr0E2RxFjzsS2N5qw==" ResultMajor="Represent" 
      RequestId="#I59dd0055e74da7b1d6b6d7ac6695e60c" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_3">2.6.3.3</a>Request 2</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateRequest Id="Idbdf93883e29a3f1f505d6fe9d0c5979" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      Nonce="2gxX8Mr0E2RxFjzsS2N5qw==" 
      OriginalRequestId="#I59dd0055e74da7b1d6b6d7ac6695e60c" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;QueryKeyBinding /&gt;
&lt;/LocateRequest&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_6_3_4">2.6.3.4</a>Response 2</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateResult Id="I6795e6816cc0f243d76bca9e65e4ee20" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#Idbdf93883e29a3f1f505d6fe9d0c5979" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_7" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_7">2.7</a>
<a name="TwoPhaseProtocolwithAsynchronous"
id="TwoPhaseProtocolwithAsynchronous">Two Phase Protocol with
Asynchronous</a> Processing</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_74" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_74"
class="markParagraph">[74]</a>The Two Phase Protocol may be combined with
Asynchronous Processing. In this case the operation will consist of three
round trips as follows:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Initial Request / Phase 1</li>
  <li>Initial Request / Phase 2</li>
  <li>Pending Response</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_75" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_75"
class="markParagraph">[75]</a>Message processing is performed as described
above with the following exceptions.</p>
<ul>
  <li><span class="ID">OriginalRequestID</span>&nbsp; set to that value of
    <font face="Courier">Id</font> in Initial Request / Phase 1 in
    <i>both</i> subsequent requests.</li>
  <li><span class="ID">Nonce</span> value is set to the value of <span
    class="ID">Nonce</span> in Phase 1 response in <i>both</i> subsequent
    requests.</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8">2.8</a>
<a name="CompoundRequestsandResponses"
id="CompoundRequestsandResponses">Compound Requests and Responses</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_76" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_76"
class="markParagraph">[76]</a>A Web Service MAY support processing of
Compound Requests. A compound request permits multiple XKMS requests to be
made at the same time. A compound request consists of an outer request and
one or more inner requests. There is no ordering implicit in the inner
requests. The semantics of making a set of requests as a compound request are
exactly the same as if each individual request in the set had been made
separately and simultaneously.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_77" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_77"
class="markParagraph">[77]</a>The response to a compound request is a
compound response. A compound response consists of an outer response and zero
or more inner responses. If the <font face="Courier">ResultMajor</font> value
of the outer response is <font face="Courier">Success</font> the compound
response SHOULD contain an inner response response element corresponding to
each inner request element of the compound request. If the the <font
face="Courier">ResultMajor</font>&nbsp; value of the outer response is not
<font face="Courier">Success</font> the response MUST NOT contain any inner
responses. If a compound response has an outer <font
face="Courier">ResultMajor</font> value <font face="Courier">Success</font>
but does not contain a response corresponding to an inner request the <font
face="Courier">ResultMajor</font> value <font face="Courier">failure</font>
is assumed for that inner request.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_78" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_78"
class="markParagraph">[78]</a>A Web Service MAY support the use of the two
phase protocol on the outer request of a compound response. The two phase
protocol SHOULD NOT be used on an inner response. If an inner request
specifies the <font face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Represent</font> the value SHOULD be ignored.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_79" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_79"
class="markParagraph">[79]</a>A Web Service MAY support the use of
asynchronous processing in conjunction with a compound request. Asynchronous
processing MAY be performed on the compound request as a whole, on individual
inner requests or both.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_80" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_80"
class="markParagraph">[80]</a>If asynchronous processing is to be performed
on the compound request as a whole the outer request specifies the <font
face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Asynchronous</font>. If the service decides to return an
asynchronous response a compound response is returned with a ResultMajor code
of <span class="ID">Pending</span>. After the appropriate notification has
taken place the client issues a <font face="Courier">PendingRequest</font>
message for the outer request to which the service replies with a compound
response returning either the inner responses corresponding to the original
inner requests or an error report.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_81" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_81"
class="markParagraph">[81]</a>If asynchronous processing is performed on the
individual inner requests each inner request for which an asynchronous
response is to be accepted specifies the&nbsp;<font
face="Courier">ResponseMechanism</font> value <font
face="Courier">Asynchronous</font>. If the service decides to return an
asynchronous response to an inner request a compound response is returned
with an outer <font face="Courier">ResultMajor</font> code of <font
face="Courier">Success</font> and and inner <font
face="Courier">ResultMajor</font> code of <font face="Courier">Pending</font>
for the requests for which an asynchronous response is to be issued. A
service MAY return synchronous and asynchronous responses in a single
compound response.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_82" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_82"
class="markParagraph">[82]</a>Since the semantics of a compound request are
exactly the same as if each inner request were made separately a client MAY
issue separate pending requests to obtain the results of the inner requests
of a previous compound request. Alternatively a client MAY issue a compound
request containing multiple inner pending requests corresponding to requests
which were originally made independently.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8_1">2.8.1</a>Example</h3>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8_1_1">2.8.1.1</a>Request 1</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;CompoundRequest Id="Ie383fac377f1e54d2b26596c072b8b7a" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;LocateRequest Id="I97a5c09bff0fe094d27facf5e5adb206" 
         Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS"&gt;
      &lt;RespondWith&gt;KeyValue&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
      &lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;
         &lt;KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"&gt;
            &lt;X509Data&gt;
               &lt;X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJB
                     gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/X509Certificate&gt;
            &lt;/X509Data&gt;
         &lt;/KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;/QueryKeyBinding&gt;
   &lt;/LocateRequest&gt;
   &lt;LocateRequest Id="Icf173d33d71c80c74589c6204f7aeb4f" 
         Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS"&gt;
      &lt;RespondWith&gt;KeyName&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
      &lt;RespondWith&gt;KeyValue&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
      &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Cert&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
      &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Chain&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
      &lt;RespondWith&gt;PGPWeb&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
      &lt;RespondWith&gt;PGP&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
      &lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
         &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2440" 
               Identifier="bob@bobcorp.test"/&gt;
         &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
               Identifier="bob@bobcorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;/QueryKeyBinding&gt;
   &lt;/LocateRequest&gt;
&lt;/CompoundRequest&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8_1_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_8_1_2">2.8.1.2</a>Response 1</h4>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;CompoundResult Id="I884904b526e40cb235be62e3ae1f6f0b" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#Ie383fac377f1e54d2b26596c072b8b7a" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;LocateResult Id="I9a6b68811ebf06e4a2e3f5e6e56f0d28" 
         Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success"
         RequestId="#I97a5c09bff0fe094d27facf5e5adb206"&gt;
      &lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding Id="I8510127a93f6e926833e7a622409e955"&gt;
         &lt;KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"&gt;
            &lt;KeyValue&gt;
               &lt;RSAKeyValue&gt;
                  &lt;Modulus&gt;zvbTdKsTprGAKJdgi7ulDR0eQBptLv/SJNIh3uVmPBObZFsLbq
                        Pwo5nyLOkzWlEHNbShPMRp1qFr
AfF13LMmeohNYfCXTHLqH1MaMOm+BhXABHB9rUKaGoOBjQPHCBtHbfMGQYjznGTpfCdTrUgq8VNl
qM2Ph9XWMcc7qbjNHw8=&lt;/Modulus&gt;
                  &lt;Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/Exponent&gt;
               &lt;/RSAKeyValue&gt;
            &lt;/KeyValue&gt;
         &lt;/KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
         &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
               Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;/UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;
   &lt;/LocateResult&gt;
   &lt;LocateResult Id="Ib611ff9edd2958a27c6136be730828d2" 
         Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success"
         RequestId="#Icf173d33d71c80c74589c6204f7aeb4f"&gt;
      &lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding Id="I35f98da2b549c0e99cb8d995496bc66e"&gt;
         &lt;KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"&gt;
            &lt;KeyValue&gt;
               &lt;RSAKeyValue&gt;
                  &lt;Modulus&gt;4i0BEhQ8Jc4tjwZYbvtMyYfBrIGOMx34K4Cdo2pAzoGnV679FL
                        mGHWnQy2cSj39hf5D1mIaPyD3j
/33TdfglTaaKqp7IPf6ei754fOuI/r1HpX7uqsw+j9LC4Z7GnG3yoY/eBJOZ8TRwMnx+MkwmopXP
VLvhMWRyiUOcO3SEkTE=&lt;/Modulus&gt;
                  &lt;Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/Exponent&gt;
               &lt;/RSAKeyValue&gt;
            &lt;/KeyValue&gt;
            &lt;X509Data&gt;
               &lt;X509Certificate&gt;MIIB+zCCAWigAwIBAgIQhzf6GHdFobRCYrjlFTCekjAJB
                     gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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==
&lt;/X509Certificate&gt;
               &lt;X509Certificate&gt;MIIB9zCCAWSgAwIBAgIQcrFRxIjRYohNpcVr5iWHkjAJB
                     gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/X509Certificate&gt;
            &lt;/X509Data&gt;
         &lt;/KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
         &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
         &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
               Identifier="bob@bobcorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;/UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;
   &lt;/LocateResult&gt;
&lt;/CompoundResult&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_9" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_2_9">2.9</a>
<a name="SecurityBinding" id="SecurityBinding">Security Binding</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_83" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_83"
class="markParagraph">[83]</a>The security concerns that an XKMS service is
required to address are dependent on the specific service deployment. For
example a free XKMS Location service may not require controls for Request
Authentication or to prevent Request Replay attacks while a paid Validate
service might. The application of security enhancements is addressed&nbsp; in
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-xkms2-bindings-20030418/">Part II</a>
which describes the application of the following security enhancements:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Confidentiality</li>
  <li>Request Authentication</li>
  <li>Response Authentication</li>
  <li>Transitive Authentication</li>
  <li>Response Replay</li>
  <li>Request Substitution</li>
  <li>Request Replay</li>
  <li>Denial of Service</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_84" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_84"
class="markParagraph">[84]</a>The use of security enhancements is further
discussed in the section <a href="#SecurityConsiderations">Security
Considerations</a> below.</p>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3">3</a>Message
Syntax</h1>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1">3.1</a>Message Base</h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_1">3.1.1</a> <a name="TypeMessageAbstractType"
id="TypeMessageAbstractType">Type <span
class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_85" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_85"
class="markParagraph">[85]</a>The <span class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span>
abstract type is the type from which all XKMS message element types are
derived. The <span class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span> abstract type
contains the following element and attributes</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;ds:Signature&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>An XML Signature <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> in enveloped
        mode. The scope of the signature is the entire request message (i.e.
        the element derived from MessageAbstractType) and is specified using
        a reference to the <span class="ID">Id</span> attribute specified in
        the <span class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span> abstract type.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;MessageExtension&gt;</span> [Any Number]</dt>
      <dd>An extension element derived from the <span
        class="ID">MessageExtensionAbstractType</span>.</dd>
    <dt><b><span class="ID">&lt;OpaqueClientData&gt;</span>[Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>Data specified by the client that is opaque to the service. An XKMS
        service SHOULD return the value of the <span
        class="ID">&lt;OpaqueClientData&gt;</span> element unmodified in a
        request in a response with status code Success.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Id</span>&nbsp;[Required]</dt>
      <dd>A unique identifier generated by the originator.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>Service</b></span>&nbsp;[Required]</dt>
      <dd>The URI of the Web Service port to which the request is
      addressed</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>Nonce</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>Cryptographically random data used to defend against replay
      attack.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_86" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_86"
class="markParagraph">[86]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span> abstract type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- MessageAbstractType --&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="MessageAbstractType" abstract="true"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="ds:Signature" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:MessageExtension" minOccurs="0" 
               maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:OpaqueClientData" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Id" type="ID" use="required"/&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Service" type="anyURI" use="required"/&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Nonce" type="base64Binary" use="optional"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /MessageAbstractType --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_2">3.1.2</a> <a name="ElementdsSignature"
id="ElementdsSignature">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:Signature&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_87" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_87"
class="markParagraph">[87]</a>An XML Signature <a
href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> in enveloped mode. The scope of the signature
is the entire request message&nbsp; (i.e. the element derrived from
MessageAbstractType)&nbsp; and is specified using a reference to the <span
class="ID">Id</span> attribute specified in the <span
class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span> abstract type. The empty identifier ""
MUST NOT be used.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_88" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_88"
class="markParagraph">[88]</a>Validation of XML Signatures MUST be done
independent of any ancestral XML context of the message.&nbsp; This may be
achieved by:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Isolating the XKMS message from any 'wrapper' (eg. SOAP) before
    validation, or;</li>
  <li>Specifying a canonicalization algorithm, such as Exclusive XML
    Canonicalization, in <font face="Courier">&lt;SignedInfo&gt;</font>:<font
    face="Courier">&lt;CanonicalizationMethod&gt;</font> to exclude ancestral
    XML context during the validation of the message.</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_89" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_89"
class="markParagraph">[89]</a>For interoperability purposes XKMS
implementations MUST support the use of Exclusive XML Canonicalization.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_90" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_90"
class="markParagraph">[90]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:Signature&gt;</span> element is specified in the XML
Signature specification <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a>.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_3">3.1.3</a> <a name="ElementMessageExtension"
id="ElementMessageExtension">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;MessageExtension&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_91" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_91"
class="markParagraph">[91]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;MessageExtension&gt;</span> element is an abstract element of
the abstract type MessageExtensionAbstractType. Implementations may define
subclasses of the MessageExtensionAbstractType to define message extension
elements that may be applied to any XKMS message.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_92" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_92"
class="markParagraph">[92]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">MessageExtension</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- MessageExtension --&gt;
   &lt;element name="MessageExtension" type="xkms:MessageExtensionAbstractType"
         abstract="true"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="MessageExtensionAbstractType" abstract="true"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /MessageExtension --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_1_4">3.1.4</a> <a name="ElementOpaqueClientData"
id="ElementOpaqueClientData">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;OpaqueClientData&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_93" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_93"
class="markParagraph">[93]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;OpaqueClientData&gt;</span> contains data specified by the
client that is opaque to the service. An XKMS service SHOULD return the value
of an <span class="ID">&lt;OpaqueClientData&gt;</span> element specified in a
request unmodified in the corresponding response.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_94" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_94"
class="markParagraph">[94]</a>A client MAY use Opaque client data in
conjunction with asynchronous request processing to match a responses to the
original request context. Opaque client data MAY also be used in conjunction
with synchronous request processing to provide context information for
purposes such as audit trail reconciliation.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_95" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_95"
class="markParagraph">[95]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">OpaqueClientData</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- OpaqueClientData --&gt;
   &lt;element name="OpaqueClientData" type="xkms:OpaqueClientDataType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="OpaqueClientDataType"&gt;
      &lt;sequence maxOccurs="unbounded"&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:OpaqueData" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;element name="OpaqueData" type="base64Binary"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /OpaqueClientData --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2">3.2</a>Request Message</h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_1">3.2.1</a> <a name="TypeRequestAbstractType"
id="TypeRequestAbstractType">Type <span
class="ID">RequestAbstractType</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_96" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_96"
class="markParagraph">[96]</a>The <span class="ID">RequestAbstractType</span>
abstract type is the type from which all XKMS request element types are
derived. The <span class="ID">RequestAbstractType</span> abstract type
inherits the element and attributes of the <span
class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span> abstract type and in addition contains
the following attributes</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;ResponseMechanism&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>Specifies the extended protocol mechanisms that the client supports
        in connection with this request.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;RespondWith&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>Specifies the types of data the recipient requests to be sent in
        the response.</dd>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;PendingNotification&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>Specifies a means by which the service may notify the requestor of
        the completion of a pending response. If the <span
        class="ID">&lt;PendingNotification&gt;</span> element is present the
        value <span class="ID">Pending</span> MUST be specified as a <span
        class="ID">&lt;ResponseMechanism&gt;</span> value.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">OriginalRequestID</span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>Specifies the value<font face="Courier">Id</font> of the first
        request made in a multi-stage protocol such as the asynchronous
        processing mechanism or Two Phase protocol.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">ResponseLimit</span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>Specifies the maximum number of data items the requestor can accept
        in the case that the schema specifies an unbounded number of
      elements.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_97" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_97"
class="markParagraph">[97]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">RequestAbstractType</span> abstract type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RequestAbstractType --&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RequestAbstractType" abstract="true"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:MessageAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ResponseMechanism" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RespondWith" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:PendingNotification" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="OriginalRequestId" type="anyURI" 
                  use="optional"/&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="ResponseLimit" type="integer" use="optional"/&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RequestAbstractType --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_2">3.2.2</a> <a name="ElementResponseMechanism"
id="ElementResponseMechanism">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ResponseMechanism&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_98" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_98"
class="markParagraph">[98]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;ResponseMechanism&gt;</span> element in the request specifies
one or more strings included in the request that specify extended protocol
mechanisms that the client supports in connection with a request.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_99" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_99"
class="markParagraph">[99]</a> <span
class="ID">ResponseMechanism</span>values are specified as QNames, the
following identifiers are defined:</p>

<div class="center">

<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top">QName Local Name</th>
      <td valign="top"><b>Description</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">Pending</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The requestor is prepared to accept a
        response that uses asynchronous processing, i.e. the service MAY
        return the <span class="ID">MajorResult</span> code <font
        face="Courier"><span class="ID">Pending</span></font></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">Represent</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The requestor is prepared to accept a
        response that uses the two phase protocol, i.e. the service MAY
        return the <span class="ID">MajorResult</span> code <font
        face="Courier"><span class="ID">Represent</span></font></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">RequestSignatureValue</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The requestor is prepared to accept a
        response that carries a <span
        class="ID">&lt;RequestSignatureValue&gt; element.</span></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_100" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_100"
class="markParagraph">[100]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;ResponseMechanism&gt;</span> element::</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ResponseMechanism --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ResponseMechanism" type="QName"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ResponseMechanism --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_3">3.2.3</a> <a name="ElementRespondWith"
id="ElementRespondWith">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RespondWith&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_101" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_101"
class="markParagraph">[101]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;RespondWith&gt;</span> element in the request specifies one or
more strings included in the request that specify data elements to be
provided in the <span class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element of the
response. Each string is a single identifier corresponding to a sub-element
of the XML Signature Specification <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a><span
class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element&nbsp; or the private key
information defined in&nbsp; the section <a
href="#privatekeyparameters">Cryptographic Algorithm Specific Parameters</a>
below. The XML Signature elements are described here for convenience. The
normative reference is the specification [XML-SIG].</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_102" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_102"
class="markParagraph">[102]</a>The Service SHOULD return a requested data
element if it is available. The Service MAY return additional data elements
that were not requested. In particular, the service MAY return data elements
specified in the request with the response.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_103" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_103"
class="markParagraph">[103]</a> <span class="ID">RespondWith</span> values
are specified as QNames, the following identifiers are defined:</p>

<div class="center">

<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top">QName Local Name</th>
      <td valign="top"><span class="ID"><b>&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</b></span>
        <b>Element</b></td>
      <td valign="top"><b>Description</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">KeyName</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
      class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyName&gt;</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Key name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">KeyValue</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyValue&gt;</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Public key parameters</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">X509Cert</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:X509Data&gt;</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">X509 Certificate v3 that authenticates
        the specified key</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">X509Chain</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:X509Data&gt;*</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">X509 Certificate v3 chain that
        authenticates the specified key. Note that no ordering is implied in
        the returned certificatesa.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">X509CRL</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:X509Data&gt;</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">X509 Certificate Revocation List v2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">OCSP</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:X509Data&gt;</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">PKIX OCSP token that validates an X509v3
        certificate that authenticates the key</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
      class="ID">RetrievalMethod</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:RetrievalMethod&gt;</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Retrieval Method data</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">PGP</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
      class="ID">&lt;ds:PGPData&gt;</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">PGP key signing data</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">PGPWeb</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:PGPData&gt;*</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Collection of PGP key signing data</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">SPKI</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
        class="ID">&lt;ds:SPKIData&gt;*</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">SPKI key signing</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">PrivateKey</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">&nbsp;</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Request that the encrypted private key be
        returned in the response. [Used in the X-KRSS protocol]</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_104" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_104"
class="markParagraph">[104]</a>For example, a client that has no X.509
processing capability might perform a <span class="ID">Locate</span>
operation to obtain the public key parameters and name information from a
<span class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element that specifies only a
certificate. The <span class="ID">RespondWith</span> element values in this
case would be <span class="ID">KeyName</span> and <span
class="ID">KeyValue</span>.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_105" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_105"
class="markParagraph">[105]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;RespondWith&gt;</span> element::</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RespondWith --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RespondWith" type="QName"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RespondWith --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_4">3.2.4</a> <a
name="ElementPendingNotification" id="ElementPendingNotification">Element
<span class="ID">&lt;PendingNotification&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_106" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_106"
class="markParagraph">[106]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;PendingNotification&gt;</span> element is used to specify a
mechanism by means of which the service can inform a requestor that a pending
request has completed asynchronously.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_107" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_107"
class="markParagraph">[107]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;PendingNotification&gt;</span> element contains the following
attributes</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">Mechanism</span>&nbsp;[Required]</dt>
      <dd>A URI that specifies the protocol by which the notification is
      made</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Identifier</span>&nbsp;[Required]</dt>
      <dd>A URI that specifies the address to which the notification is to be
        made</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_108" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_108"
class="markParagraph">[108]</a>The following mechanisms are defined:</p>

<table border="1" id="AutoNumber1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
width="100%">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th width="68">Protocol</th>
      <th width="116">URI</th>
      <th width="68">Identifier</th>
      <th width="644">Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="68" valign="top">SMTP</td>
      <td width="116" valign="top">urn:ietf:rfc:822</td>
      <td width="68" valign="top">mailto:</td>
      <td width="644" valign="top" align="left">Notification by email. The
        content of the email is outside the scope of this specification</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="68" valign="top">HTTP</td>
      <td width="116" valign="top">urn:ietf:rfc:2616</td>
      <td width="68" valign="top">http://</td>
      <td width="644" valign="top" align="left">Notification by HTTP. The
        content of the request is outside the scope of this specification</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_109" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_109"
class="markParagraph">[109]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;PendingNotification&gt;</span> element and <span
class="ID">PendingNotificationType</span> type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- PendingNotification --&gt;
   &lt;element name="PendingNotification" type="xkms:PendingNotificationType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="PendingNotificationType"&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Mechanism" type="anyURI" use="required"/&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Identifier" type="anyURI" use="required"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /PendingNotification --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_5"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_2_5">3.2.5</a> <a name="ElementPendingRequest"
id="ElementPendingRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;PendingRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_110" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_110"
class="markParagraph">[110]</a>The <span class="ID">PendingRequest</span>
element is used to request the result of a previously presented request for
which the <span class="ID"><font face="Courier">MajorResult</font></span>
code <span class="ID"><font face="Courier">Pending</font></span> was
returned. The <font face="Courier"><span
class="ID">PendingRequest</span></font> element inherits the element and
attributes of <span class="ID">AbstractRequestType</span> and the following
attribute:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">ResponseID</span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The value of the <span class="ID">Id</span> attribute sent in the
        original response containing the <span class="ID"><font
        face="Courier">MajorResult</font></span> code <span class="ID"><font
        face="Courier">Pending</font></span>.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_111" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_111"
class="markParagraph">[111]</a>If the value of ResponseID is unknown to the
service the result <span class="ID">Sender.UnknownResponseId</span> is
returned.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_112" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_112"
class="markParagraph">[112]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">PendingRequest</span> element and <span
class="ID">PendingRequestType</span> type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- PendingRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="PendingRequest" type="xkms:PendingRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="PendingRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="ResponseId" type="anyURI" use="optional"/&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /PendingRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3">3.3</a>Response Messages</h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3_1">3.3.1</a> <a name="ElementResultAbstractType"
id="ElementResultAbstractType">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;Result&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_113" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_113"
class="markParagraph">[113]</a>The <span class="ID">ResultType</span> type is
the type from which all XKMS response element types are derived. The <span
class="ID">ResultType</span>&nbsp; type inherits the element and attributes
of the <span class="ID">MessageAbstractType</span> abstract type and in
addition contains the following attributes</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;RequestSignatureValue&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The value of the ds:SignatureValue element of the corresponding
        request.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>ResultMajor</b></span>&nbsp;[Required]</dt>
      <dd>The most significant component of the result code</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>ResultMinor</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The least significant component of the result code</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">RequestId</span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The unique identifier <span class="ID">Id</span> specified in the
        request</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_114" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_114"
class="markParagraph">[114]</a>If the <span class="ID">MajorResult</span>
value has the value <span class="ID">Represent</span> the <span
class="ID">nonce</span> attribute MUST be present and MUST NOT be the empty
string.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_115" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_115"
class="markParagraph">[115]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;Result&gt;</span>
element is returned in response to an XKMS request if and only if the service
cannot return a more specific result element that inherits from the <span
class="ID">ResultType</span>. For example if a request is made for the status
of a pending request whose identifier is unknown to the service.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_116" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_116"
class="markParagraph">[116]</a> <b>Security Consideration:</b> Care must be
taken when signing responses to ensure that the service does not provide a
signing oracle, that is sign messages whose content is guessable by an
attacker. Implementations MUST ensure that response messages contain a
sufficient quantity of&nbsp; unpredictable data such as a pseudo-randomly
chosen <span class="ID">Id</span> attribute. For more information see the
section <a href="#SecurityConsiderations">Security Considerations</a>.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_117" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_117"
class="markParagraph">[117]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID"><font face="Courier">&lt;Result&gt;</font></span> element and
<span class="ID"><font face="Courier">ResultType</font></span>type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ResultType --&gt;
   &lt;element name="Result" type="xkms:ResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="ResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:MessageAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RequestSignatureValue" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="ResultMajor" type="QName" use="required"/&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="ResultMinor" type="QName" use="optional"/&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="RequestId" type="anyURI" use="optional"/&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ResultType --&gt;</pre>

<h4><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3_1_1">3.3.1.1</a> <a name="ResultCodes"
id="ResultCodes">Result Codes</a></h4>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_118" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_118"
class="markParagraph">[118]</a>Result codes consist of a major code and an
optional minor code. The major and minor codes are expressed as XML qualified
names. This specification uses the notation <i>ResultMajor</i><span
class="ID">.</span><i>ResultMinor</i> to specify a result code. For example
the result code <span class="ID">Sender.NoMatch</span> indicates a <span
class="ID">ResultMajor</span> code of <span class="ID">Sender</span> and a
<span class="ID">ResultMinor</span> code of <span
class="ID">NoMatch</span>.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_119" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_119"
class="markParagraph">[119]</a>The following <span
class="ID">ResultMajor</span> codes are defined:</p>

<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th width="164">QName Local Name</th>
      <th width="139">Final</th>
      <th width="1397">Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="164"><span
      class="ID">Success</span></td>
      <td width="139" align="center">Final</td>
      <td width="1397">The operation succeeded.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="164"><span
        class="ID">VersionMismatch</span></td>
      <td width="139" align="center">Final</td>
      <td width="1397">The service does not support the protocol version
        specified in the request.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="164"><span
      class="ID">Sender</span></td>
      <td width="139" align="center">Final</td>
      <td width="1397">An error occurred that was due to the message sent by
        the sender.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="164"><span
      class="ID">Receiver</span></td>
      <td width="139" align="center">Final</td>
      <td width="1397">An error occurred at the receiver.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="164"><span
        class="ID">Represent</span></td>
      <td width="139" align="center">Not Final</td>
      <td width="1397">The service has not acted on the request. In order for
        the request to be acted upon the request MUST be represented with the
        specified nonce in accordance with the two phase protocol</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="164"><span
      class="ID">Pending</span></td>
      <td width="139" align="center">Not Final</td>
      <td width="1397">The request has been accepted for processing and the
        service will return the result asynchronously</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_120" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_120"
class="markParagraph">[120]</a>The <span class="ID">ResultMajor</span> codes
<span class="ID">Success</span>, <span class="ID">VersionMismatch</span>,
<span class="ID">Sender</span> and <span class="ID">Receiver</span> are
<i>Final</i>, that is the protocol has completed when the code is returned.
The <span class="ID">ResultMajor</span> codes <span
class="ID">Represent</span> and <span class="ID">Pending</span> are <i>Not
Final</i> and indicate that further processing is necessary to receive the
result.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_121" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_121"
class="markParagraph">[121]</a>The following <span
class="ID">ResultMinor</span> codes are defined:</p>

<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th width="152" valign="top">QName Local Name</th>
      <th width="114" valign="top">Possible Major Codes</th>
      <th width="664" valign="top">Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" rowspan="3" width="152"><span
        class="ID">NoMatch</span></td>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114">&nbsp;</td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">No match was found for the search
        prototype provided.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Success</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The result code <span
        class="ID">Success.NoMatch</span> indicates that the service is
        authoritative for the search prototype specified and that the service
        positively asserts that no matches exist.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Receiver</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The result code <span
        class="ID">Receiver.NoMatch</span> indicates that the service is not
        authoritative for the search prototype provided.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" rowspan="3" width="152"><span
        class="ID">TooManyResponses</span></td>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><br />
      </td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The request resulted in the number of
        responses that exceeded either&nbsp; the <span
        class="ID">ResponseLimit</span> value specified in the request or
        some other limit determined by the service. The service MAY either
        return a subset of the possible responses or none at all.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Success</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The service has returned one or more
        responses that represent a subset of the possible responses.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Receiver</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The service has returned no responses.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="152"><span
        class="ID">Incomplete</span></td>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Success</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">Only part of the information requested
        could be provided.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" rowspan="3" width="152"><span
        class="ID">Failure</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="114">&nbsp;</td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The service attempted to perform the
        request but the operation failed for unspecified reasons.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Sender</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The reason for failure is attributed to
        the sender (e.g. the request failed schema validation).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Receiver</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The reason for failure is attributed to
        the receiver (e.g. a database lookup failed).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" rowspan="3" width="152"><span
        class="ID">Refused</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="114">&nbsp;</td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The operation was refused. The service did
        not attempt to perform the request.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Sender</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The sender failed to provide sufficient
        information to authenticate or authorize the request (e.g. payment
        not supplied)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Receiver</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The receiver is currently refusing certain
        requests for unspecified reasons.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="152"><span
        class="ID">NoAuthentication</span></td>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Sender</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The operation was refused because the
        necessary authentication information was incorrect or missing.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="152"><span
        class="ID">MessageNotSupported</span></td>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Sender</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The receiver does not implement the
        specified operation.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="152"><span
        class="ID">UnknownResponseId</span></td>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Sender</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The ResponseId for which pending status
        was requested is unknown to the service.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="152"><span
        class="ID">NotSynchronous</span></td>
      <td valign="top" class="ID" width="114"><span
      class="ID">Receiver</span></td>
      <td valign="top" width="664">The receiver does not support synchronous
        processing of this type of request</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_3_2">3.3.2</a> <a
name="ElementRequestSignatureValue" id="ElementRequestSignatureValue">Element
<span class="ID">&lt;RequestSignatureValue&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_122" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_122"
class="markParagraph">[122]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;RequestSignatureValue&gt;</span> element in a response
contains the value of the base64 encoded value from the <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:SignatureValue&gt;</span> content within the <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:Signature&gt;</span> block in the corresponding request.
This provides a cryptographic linkage between the request and the
response.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_123" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_123"
class="markParagraph">[123]</a>A service SHOULD include the <span
class="ID">&lt;RequestSignatureValue&gt;</span> element in a response if the
following conditions are satisfied and MUST NOT include the value
otherwise:</p>
<ul>
  <li>The &lt;ds:Signature&gt; element was present in the corresponding
    request</li>
  <li>The service successfully verified the &lt;ds:Signature&gt; element in
    the corresponding request, and</li>
  <li>The ResponseMechanism RequestSignatureValue was specified.</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_124" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_124"
class="markParagraph">[124]</a>If the <span
class="ID">&lt;RequestSignatureValue&gt;</span> element is present in a
response the requestor MUST reject the message if either:</p>
<ul>
  <li>The corresponding request was not authenticated, or:</li>
  <li>The value ds:Signature/ds:SignatureValue in the request does not match
    the value RequestSignatureValue in the response.</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_125" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_125"
class="markParagraph">[125]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;RequestSignatureValue&gt;</span> element is of <span
class="ID">ds:SignatureValueType</span> type specified in the XML Signature
specification <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a>.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_4">3.4</a>Compound Requests</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_126" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_126"
class="markParagraph">[126]</a>The compound request mechanism allows multiple
requests and the corresponding responses to be sent in a single request
message. This allows considerable processing resources to be saved as a
single signature on the compound message may be used in place of multiple
signatures on the individual requests or responses.</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RequestSignatureValue --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RequestSignatureValue" type="ds:SignatureValueType"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RequestSignatureValue --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_4_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_4_1">3.4.1</a> <a name="ElementCompoundRequest"
id="ElementCompoundRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_127" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_127"
class="markParagraph">[127]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundRequest&gt;</span> element is used to issue multiple
requests at the same time. The <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundRequest&gt;</span> element inherits the element and
attributes of <span class="ID">AbstractRequestType</span> together with the
following elements in any order:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;LocateRequest&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS Locate Request</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;ValidateRequest&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS Validate Request</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;RegisterRequest&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Register</font>Request</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;ReissueRequest&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Reissue</font>Request</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;RecoverRequest&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Recover</font>Request</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;RevokeRequest&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Revoke</font>Request</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_128" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_128"
class="markParagraph">[128]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundRequest&gt;</span> element and <span
class="ID">CompoundRequestType</span> type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- CompoundRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="CompoundRequest" type="xkms:CompoundRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="CompoundRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;choice maxOccurs="unbounded"&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:LocateRequest"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ValidateRequest"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RegisterRequest"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ReissueRequest"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RecoverRequest"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RevokeRequest"/&gt;
            &lt;/choice&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /CompoundRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_4_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_4_2">3.4.2</a> <a name="ElementCompoundResult"
id="ElementCompoundResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_129" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_129"
class="markParagraph">[129]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundResult&gt;</span> element is used to respond to a
<span class="ID">&lt;CompoundRequest&gt;</span>. If the compound result has
the <font face="Courier">MajorResult</font> value <font
face="Courier">Success</font> it contains multiple responses corresponding to
the multiple requests specified in the <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundRequest&gt;</span>. The <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundResult&gt;</span> element inherits the element and
attributes of <span class="ID">ResultType</span> together with the following
additional elements in any order:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;LocateResult&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS Locate Result</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;ValidateResult&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS Validate Result</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;RegisterResult&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Register</font>Result</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;ReissueResult&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Reissue</font>Result</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;RecoverResult&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Recover</font>Result</dd>
    <dt><font size="3">&lt;RevokeResult&gt;</font>[AnyNumber]</dt>
      <dd>An XKMS <font size="3">Revoke</font>Result</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_130" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_130"
class="markParagraph">[130]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;CompoundResult&gt;</span> element and <span
class="ID">CompoundResultType</span> type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- CompoundResponse --&gt;
   &lt;element name="CompoundResult" type="xkms:CompoundResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="CompoundResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;choice maxOccurs="unbounded"&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:LocateResult"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ValidateResult"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RegisterResult"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ReissueResult"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RecoverResult"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RevokeResult"/&gt;
            &lt;/choice&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /CompoundResponse --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_5"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_5">3.5</a>Status Request</h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_5_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_5_1">3.5.1</a> <a name="ElementStatusRequest"
id="ElementStatusRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;StatusRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_131" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_131"
class="markParagraph">[131]</a>The <span class="ID">StatusRequest</span>
element is used to request that the service return the status of a pending
request by means of a <span class="ID">&lt;StatusResult&gt;</span> element.
The <span class="ID">Status</span><font face="Courier"><span
class="ID">Request</span></font> element inherits the element and attributes
of <span class="ID">PendingRequestType</span>.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">ResponseID</span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The value of the <span class="ID">Id</span> attribute sent in the
        original response containing the <span class="ID"><font
        face="Courier">MajorResult</font></span> code <span class="ID"><font
        face="Courier">Pending</font></span>.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_132" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_132"
class="markParagraph">[132]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">StatusRequest</span> element and <span
class="ID">StatusRequestType</span> type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- StatusRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="StatusRequest" type="xkms:StatusRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="StatusRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:PendingRequestType"/&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /StatusRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_5_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_3_5_2">3.5.2</a> <a name="ElementStatusResult"
id="ElementStatusResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;StatusResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_133" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_133"
class="markParagraph">[133]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;StatusResult&gt;</span> element returns the status of a
pending request. The <span class="ID">StatusResultType</span>&nbsp; inherits
the element and attributes of <span class="ID">ResultType</span> and contains
the following additional attributes:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">Success</span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>In the case of a compound request the number of inner compound
        operations that completed with status Success.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Failed</span> [Optional]</dt>
      <dd>In the case of a compound request the number of inner compound
        operations that completed with status other than Success.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Pending</span> [Optional]</dt>
      <dd>In the case of a compound request the number of inner compound
        operations that are still pending.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_134" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_134"
class="markParagraph">[134]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">StatusResult</span> element and <span
class="ID">StatusResultType</span> type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- StatusResult --&gt;
   &lt;element name="StatusResult" type="xkms:StatusResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="StatusResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="Success" type="integer" use="optional"/&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="Failure" type="integer" use="optional"/&gt;
            &lt;attribute name="Pending" type="integer" use="optional"/&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /StatusResult --&gt;</pre>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4">4</a> <a
name="KeyInformationServiceOverview" id="KeyInformationServiceOverview">Key
Information Service Overview</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_135" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_135"
class="markParagraph">[135]</a>In the XML Signature Specification <a
href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a>, a signer may optionally include information
about his public signing key ("<span class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span>")
within the signature block. This key information is designed to allow the
signer to communicate "hints" to a verifier about which public&nbsp;key to
select.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_136" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_136"
class="markParagraph">[136]</a>Another important property of <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span> is that it may or may not be
cryptographically bound to the signature itself.&nbsp; This allows the <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span> to be substituted or supplemented
without "breaking" the digital signature.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_137" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_137"
class="markParagraph">[137]</a>For example Alice signs a document and sends
it to Bob with a <span class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span> element that
specifies only the signing key data. On receiving the message Bob retrieves
additional information required to validate the signature and adds this
information into the <span class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span> element when
he passes the document on to Carol (see Figure 1 below).</p>

<p class="caption"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_138"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_138" class="markParagraph">[138]</a> <img
alt="Substitution of the ds:KeyInfo element as a message is passed amongst processors."
src="Images/Image002.gif" width="420" height="372" /></p>

<p class="caption"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_139"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_139" class="markParagraph">[139]</a> <a
id="Figure1" name="Figure1">Figure 1: Substitution of the <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span> element as a message is passed amongst
processors</a></p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_1">4.1</a>
<a name="XKISSLocateService" id="XKISSLocateService">XKISS Locate
Service</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_140" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_140"
class="markParagraph">[140]</a>The XKISS <span class="ID">Locate</span>
service resolves a <span class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element but
does NOT REQUIRE the service to make an assertion concerning the validity of
the binding between the data in the <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_141" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_141"
class="markParagraph">[141]</a>The XKMS service MAY resolve the <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element using local data or MAY relay
request to other servers. For example the XKMS service might resolve a <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:RetrievalMethod&gt;</span> element (Figure 2) or act as a
gateway to an underlying PKI based on a non-XML syntax.</p>

<p class="center"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_142"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_142" class="markParagraph">[142]</a> <img
alt="Diagram shows protocol exchange between a client, a trust service and a remote server (Server A). "
src="Images/image006.gif" border="0" width="576" height="244" /></p>

<p class="caption"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_143"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_143" class="markParagraph">[143]</a>Figure 2:
Locate Service Provides Name Resolution</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_144" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_144"
class="markParagraph">[144]</a>Both the request and/or the response MAY be
signed, to both authenticate the sender and protect the integrity of the data
being transmitted, using an XML Signature <a
href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a>.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_1_1">4.1.1</a> <a name="ExampleDataEncryption"
id="ExampleDataEncryption">Example: Data Encryption</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_145" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_145"
class="markParagraph">[145]</a>Alice wants to send an encrypted email to Bob
but does not know his encryption key. Alice can use both the S/MIME and PGP
secure email formats. Alice's client uses DNS to locate the XKMS service that
provides a Locate service for keys bound to the domain example.com then sends
an XKMS Locate request to the discovered XKMS service for a key bound to
bob@example.com and the S/MIME or PGP protocol. The application then verifies
that the certificate obtained meets its trust criteria by standard
certificate validation to a trusted root.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_146" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_146"
class="markParagraph">[146]</a>Request:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateRequest xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="Ibcef5348aa386dedeff0bdf6bae872db" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;KeyName&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;KeyValue&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Cert&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Chain&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;PGPWeb&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;PGP&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2440" 
            Identifier="bob@bobcorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
            Identifier="bob@bobcorp.test"/&gt;
   &lt;/QueryKeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/LocateRequest&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_147" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_147"
class="markParagraph">[147]</a>Response:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I45d8cc74e012b21a0985a36aa3fcd18f" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#Ibcef5348aa386dedeff0bdf6bae872db" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding Id="I12f80aa2cf90d0c80555dad9d7e6860d"&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;ds:KeyValue&gt;
            &lt;ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
               &lt;ds:Modulus&gt;4i0BEhQ8Jc4tjwZYbvtMyYfBrIGOMx34K4Cdo2pAzoGnV679FL
                     mGHWnQy2cSj39hf5D1mIaPyD3j
/33TdfglTaaKqp7IPf6ei754fOuI/r1HpX7uqsw+j9LC4Z7GnG3yoY/eBJOZ8TRwMnx+MkwmopXP
VLvhMWRyiUOcO3SEkTE=&lt;/ds:Modulus&gt;
               &lt;ds:Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/ds:Exponent&gt;
            &lt;/ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
         &lt;/ds:KeyValue&gt;
         &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIIB+zCCAWigAwIBAgIQhzf6GHdFobRCYrjlFTCekjAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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==
&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIIB9zCCAWSgAwIBAgIQcrFRxIjRYohNpcVr5iWHkjAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
         &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
            Identifier="bob@bobcorp.test"/&gt;
   &lt;/UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/LocateResult&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_1_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_1_2">4.1.2</a> <a name="ExampleDocumentSignature"
id="ExampleDocumentSignature">Example: Document Signature</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_148" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_148"
class="markParagraph">[148]</a>Bob receives the signed document from Alice
which specifies Alice's X.509v3 certificate but not the key value. Bob's
email client is not capable of processing X.509v3 certificates but can obtain
the key parameters from the XKMS service by means of the Locate service.
Bob's email client sends the <span class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span>
element to the location service requesting that the <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyName&gt;</span> and <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyValue&gt;</span> elements be returned.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_149" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_149"
class="markParagraph">[149]</a>Request:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateRequest xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I4593b8d4b6bd9ae7262560b5de1016bc" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;RespondWith&gt;KeyValue&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
  &lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;
    &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
        &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJBgUrD
              gMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
      &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
    &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
    &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
  &lt;/QueryKeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/LocateRequest&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_150" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_150"
class="markParagraph">[150]</a>The location service extracts the X.509v3
certificate from the <span class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element and
returns the key values. The location service DOES NOT report the revocation
status or the trustworthiness of the certificate..</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_151" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_151"
class="markParagraph">[151]</a>Response:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LocateResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I46ee58f131435361d1e51545de10a9aa" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#I4593b8d4b6bd9ae7262560b5de1016bc" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding Id="I36b45b969a9020dbe1da2cb793016117"&gt;
    &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyValue&gt;
        &lt;ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
          &lt;ds:Modulus&gt;zvbTdKsTprGAKJdgi7ulDR0eQBptLv/SJNIh3uVmPBObZFsLbqPwo5n
                yLOkzWlEHNbShPMRp1qFr
AfF13LMmeohNYfCXTHLqH1MaMOm+BhXABHB9rUKaGoOBjQPHCBtHbfMGQYjznGTpfCdTrUgq8VNl
qM2Ph9XWMcc7qbjNHw8=&lt;/ds:Modulus&gt;
          &lt;ds:Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/ds:Exponent&gt;
        &lt;/ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyValue&gt;
    &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
    &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
    &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
    &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
    &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
          Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test" /&gt;
  &lt;/UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/LocateResult&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_2">4.2</a>
<a name="XKISSValidateService" id="XKISSValidateService">XKISS: Validate
Service</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_152" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_152"
class="markParagraph">[152]</a>The XKISS Validate Service allows all that the
Locate Service does, and in addition, the client may obtain an assertion
specifying the status of the binding between the public key and other data,
for example a name or a set of extended attributes. Furthermore the service
represents that the status of each of the data elements returned is valid and
that all are bound to the same public key. The client sends to the XKMS
service a prototype containing some or all of the elements for which the
status of the key binding is required. If the information in the prototype is
incomplete, the XKMS service MAY obtain additional data required from an
underlying PKI Service. Once the validity of the key binding has been
determined the XKMS service returns the status result to the client (Figure
3).</p>

<p class="center"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_153"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_153" class="markParagraph">[153]</a> <img
alt="Diagram shows a trust service acting as a gateway to 'PKI services'"
src="Images/image008.gif" border="0" width="532" height="265" /></p>

<p class="caption"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_154"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_154" class="markParagraph">[154]</a> <a
id="FigureTier2" name="FigureTier2">Figure 3: Validate Service Provides Key
Validation</a></p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_2_1">4.2.1</a> <a name="ExampleDocumentSignature2"
id="ExampleDocumentSignature2">Example: Document Signature</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_155" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_155"
class="markParagraph">[155]</a>Bob has received Alice's message and his email
client has verified the signature on the document against the public key in
the certificate supplied by Alice. It is not yet known whether the
certificate is considered trustworthy however. To determine this, Bob's email
client sends the certificate chain to an XKMS Validate service. The service
reports back that it has successfully determined that the key binding has a
trusted issuer and has not been revoked.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_156" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_156"
class="markParagraph">[156]</a>Request:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;ValidateRequest xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="Ic4d10f0affff49382b021a820613fa71" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;KeyName&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIIB9zCCAWSgAwIBAgIQcrFRxIjRYohNpcVr5iWHkjAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
         &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
            Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test"/&gt;
   &lt;/QueryKeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/ValidateRequest&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_157" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_157"
class="markParagraph">[157]</a>Response:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;ValidateResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="Ibc853a2455de4f7433eed5b32ece5918" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#Ic4d10f0affff49382b021a820613fa71" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;KeyBinding Id="Ie4d5784ea01e70085de088bd09b6e134"&gt;
    &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
        &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJBgUrD
              gMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
      &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
    &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
    &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
    &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
    &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
    &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
          Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test" /&gt;
    &lt;Status StatusValue="Valid"&gt;
      &lt;ValidReason&gt;Signature&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
      &lt;ValidReason&gt;IssuerTrust&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
      &lt;ValidReason&gt;RevocationStatus&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
      &lt;ValidReason&gt;ValidityInterval&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
    &lt;/Status&gt;
  &lt;/KeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/ValidateResult&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_3">4.3</a>
<a name="UsingLocateandValidate" id="UsingLocateandValidate">Using Locate and
Validate</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_158" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_158"
class="markParagraph">[158]</a>The Locate and Validate operations are both
used to obtain information about a public key from an XKMS Service. Locate
and Validate services are both expected to attempt to provide correct
information to the requestor. The Locate and Validate services differ in the
extent to which the service vouches for the trustworthiness the information
returned.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_159" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_159"
class="markParagraph">[159]</a>A Location service SHOULD attempt to provide
only information which is trustworthy <i>to the best of its knowledge but
does not provide any assurance that it will do so</i>. Information obtained
from a Locate service SHOULD NOT be relied upon unless it is validated.
Validation may be achieved by forwarding the data to a Validate service or by
performing the necessary trust path verification locally.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_160" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_160"
class="markParagraph">[160]</a>A Validation service undertakes to only return
information which has been positively validated by the XKMS Service as
meeting specific validation criteria. A client MAY rely on the information
returned by the service without further validation provided that the client
has a means to determine that the information returned is authentic and is
assured that the validation service applied the means of validation
appropriate to the circumstances.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_161" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_161"
class="markParagraph">[161]</a>No single set of validation criteria are
appropriate to every circumstance. Applications involving financial
transactions are likely to require the application of very specific
validation criteria that ensure that certain contractual and/or regulatory
policies are enforced. The Locate service provides a key discovery function
that is neutral with respect to the validation criteria that the client
application may apply. The Validate service provides a key discovery and
validation function that produces a results which are each specific to a
single set of validation criteria.</p>

<h3 align="left"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_4_3_1">4.3.1</a> <a name="DNSIntegration"
id="DNSIntegration">DNS Integration</a></h3>

<p align="left"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_162"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_162" class="markParagraph">[162]</a>In many cases
the key information which a client requires is bound to some form of address
specified by an Internet protocol part of which consists of a DNS address.
For example an email client may require a trustworthy key to send an
encrypted email to bob@example.com. Unless an XKMS service which provides key
information about keys bound to email addresses in the domain example.com is
known a priori, some means of locating the correct XKMS service is
required.</p>

<p align="left"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_163"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_163" class="markParagraph">[163]</a>Figure 5 shows
an example of using the DNS SRV record to perform discovery of XKMS services.
The email client requests a key for bob@example.com from a trusted Validate
service. The Validate service then queries the DNS to locate an XKMS service
providing information on keys bound to addresses in the zone example.com. The
Validate service does not have an established trust relationship with the
example.com XKMS service and so a Locate request is made to determine if any
key information bound to bob@example.com can be located. The Validate service
then validates the information received by such means as are appropriate
(e.g. by verifying that a certification chain may be constructed from a root
of trust) and the response returned to the email client.</p>

<p align="center"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_164"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_164" class="markParagraph">[164]</a> <img
alt="see caption" src="Images/image012.gif" width="441" height="273" /></p>

<p class="caption" align="center"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_165"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_165" class="markParagraph">[165]</a>Figure 5:
Combined use of Locate and Validate service</p>

<p align="left"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_166"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_166" class="markParagraph">[166]</a>Appendix B
provides further information on the use of the DNS SRV record.</p>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5">5</a> <a
name="KeyInformationServiceMessageSet"
id="KeyInformationServiceMessageSet">Key Information Service Message
Set</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_167" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_167"
class="markParagraph">[167]</a>The protocol consists of pairs of messages,
with an application sending a request message to a XKMS service and the
service responding with another message.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1">5.1</a>
<a name="KeyBindingSpecification" id="KeyBindingSpecification">Key Binding
Specification</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_168" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_168"
class="markParagraph">[168]</a>A <i>key binding</i> asserts a binding between
data elements that relate to a public key including the <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyName&gt;</span>, <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyValue&gt;</span> and <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:X509Data</span>&gt; components contained in a <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;</span> element. Furthermore, the Service
represents <i>to the client accessing the service and to that client
alone</i> that the binding between the data elements is <i>valid</i> under
whatever trust policy the service offers to that client.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_169" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_169"
class="markParagraph">[169]</a>XKMS specifies four elements that specify key
bindings, all of which are derived from the <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span>. These elements are:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt>UnverifiedKeyBinding</dt>
      <dd>Specifies the parameters of a particular instance of a key binding
        but not the status.</dd>
    <dt>KeyBinding</dt>
      <dd>Specifies the parameters of a particular instance of a key
      binding</dd>
    <dt>QueryKeyBinding</dt>
      <dd>A template used to specify one or more key bindings using query by
        example.</dd>
    <dt>PrototypeKeyBinding</dt>
      <dd>A template used to specify the key binding parameters requested in
        a registration request.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_170" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_170"
class="markParagraph">[170]</a>An XKMS service MAY provide an interface to an
underlying PKI such as PKIX or PGP. This specification does not define how
XKMS operations interact with the underlying PKI. The XKMS key binding MAY be
<i>bound</i> to a data object such as a certificate or key signing in the
underlying PKI such that XKMS operations on the key binding result in a
corresponding change to the data structures in the underlying PKI and vice
versa. If for example the XKMS service provides a mapping to an underlying
PKIX/X.509 PKI the registration of a key binding would typically result in
the issue of a certificate, even if the client does not ask for the
certificate to be returned in the registration result. If the key binding
were subsequently revoked the corresponding certificate in the underlying PKI
would typically be revoked also.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_1">5.1.1</a>Abstract <a
name="TypeKeyBindingAbstractType" id="TypeKeyBindingAbstractType">Type <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_171" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_171"
class="markParagraph">[171]</a>The <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> is the abstract type from which all
XKMS key binding element specifiers are derived. It contains the following
elements and attribute:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>Id</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>Identifier of the key binding.</dd>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;&nbsp;</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The public key information to which the key binding information is
        bound</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;KeyUsage&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[0 to 3]</dt>
      <dd>The cryptographic key uses for which the key may be used</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>The applications with which the key may be used together with the
        application specific subject identifier of the key holder for that
        application</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_172" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_172"
class="markParagraph">[172]</a>The Id identifier is defined to provide a
means by which the key binding may be signed using XML Signature. Clients
MUST NOT rely on the key binding identifier being either unique or stable. In
the case that an XKMS service is providing an interface to an underlying PKI,
clients MUST NOT rely on the service choosing key binding identifiers that
are either the same as or bear a systematic relationship to the serial
numbers or other identifiers of the corresponding credentials in the
underlying PKI.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_173" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_173"
class="markParagraph">[173]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- KeyBindingAbstractType--&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="KeyBindingAbstractType" abstract="true"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="ds:KeyInfo" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:KeyUsage" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="3"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:UseKeyWith" minOccurs="0" 
               maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Id" type="ID" use="optional"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /KeyBindingAbstractType--&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_2">5.1.2</a> <a name="ElementKeyUsage"
id="ElementKeyUsage">Element <span class="ID">&lt;KeyUsage&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_174" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_174"
class="markParagraph">[174]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;KeyUsage&gt;</span>
element specifies one or more intended uses of the key. If no <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyUsage&gt;</span> is specified all uses are permitted. The
following key usages are defined:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>Encryption</b></span></dt>
      <dd>The key pair may be used for encryption and decryption</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>Signature</b></span></dt>
      <dd>The key pair may be used for signature and verification</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>Exchange</b></span></dt>
      <dd>The key pair may be used for key exchange</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_175" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_175"
class="markParagraph">[175]</a>If a key usage is specified in a <font
face="Courier">KeyBinding</font> that the cryptographic algorithm associated
with the key does not support the element MUST be ignored. If a key usage is
specified in a <font face="Courier">QueryKeyBinding</font> however the key
usage forms part of the criteria the service should attempt to match.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_176" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_176"
class="markParagraph">[176]</a>For example if a KeyBinding specifies the key
usage <span class="ID">Encryption</span> for a Digital Signature Algorithm
key the relying application should ignore the key usage element. If however a
client makes a request that contains a <font
face="Courier">QueryKeyBinding</font> that specifies the key usage encryption
the service should not return a Digital Signature Algorithm key.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_177" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_177"
class="markParagraph">[177]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyUsage&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- KeyUsage --&gt;
   &lt;element name="KeyUsage" type="xkms:KeyUsageType"/&gt;
   &lt;simpleType name="KeyUsageType"&gt;
      &lt;restriction base="QName"&gt;
         &lt;enumeration value="xkms:Encryption"/&gt;
         &lt;enumeration value="xkms:Signature"/&gt;
         &lt;enumeration value="xkms:Exchange"/&gt;
      &lt;/restriction&gt;
   &lt;/simpleType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /KeyUsage --&gt;</pre>

<h3 dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_3">5.1.3</a> <a name="ElementUseKeyWith"
id="ElementUseKeyWith">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_178"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_178" class="markParagraph">[178]</a>The&nbsp;<span
class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> element specifies a subject identifier
and application identifier that determine a use of the key. The
interpretation of <span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> depends on the
enclosing construct.</p>
<dl>
  <dt dir="ltr">QueryKeyBinding / TemplateKeyBinding</dt>
    <dd>A key binding is requested that meets the specified criteria. If the
      service is unable to meet the criteria exactly 'best guess' is
      acceptable.</dd>
  <dt dir="ltr">UnverifiedKeyBinding / KeyBinding</dt>
    <dd>The key may be used for the purpose specified (if unverified after
      validation). If more than one use key with is specified then all are
      applicable jointly and severally</dd>
</dl>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_179"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_179" class="markParagraph">[179]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> element contains the following
attributes:</p>

<blockquote dir="ltr">
  <dl dir="ltr">
    <dt dir="ltr"><span class="ID"><b>Application</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>A URI that specifies the application protocol with which the key
        may be used</dd>
      <dd></dd>
    <dt dir="ltr"><span class="ID"><b>Identifier</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd dir="ltr">Specifies the subject to which the key corresponds within
        the specified application protocol.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_180"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_180" class="markParagraph">[180]</a>The following
table lists application URIs for common protocols and the corresponding
format for the identifier information:</p>

<div align="center">

<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" dir="ltr">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th dir="ltr">Protocol</th>
      <th dir="ltr">Application URI</th>
      <th dir="ltr">Identifier</th>
      <th dir="ltr">Type</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">XKMS</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">URL identifying SOAP role</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">URI</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">XKMS/<i>profile</i></td>
      <td dir="ltr"
      align="left">http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#<i>profile</i></td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">URL identifying SOAP role</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">URI</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">S/MIME</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">urn:ietf:rfc:2633</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">SMTP email address of subject</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">RFC822 addr-spec</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">PGP</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">urn:ietf:rfc:2440</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">SMTP email address of subject</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">RFC822 addr-spec</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">TLS</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">urn:ietf:rfc:2246</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">URI identifying certificate subject</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">URI</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">TLS/HTTPS</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">urn:ietf:rfc:2818</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">DNS address of http server</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">DNS Address</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">TLS/SMTP</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">urn:ietf:rfc:2487</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">DNS address of mail server</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">DNS Address</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">IPSEC</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">urn:ietf:rfc:2401</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">IP address of network resource</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">IP Address</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">PKIX</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">urn:ietf:rfc:2459</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">Certificate Subject Name</td>
      <td dir="ltr" align="left">X.509 Distinguished Name</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_181"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_181" class="markParagraph">[181]</a> The XKMS
application URI is used to specify a key binding that is used to secure an
XKMS service. An XKMS service SHOULD support discovery of the supported
security profiles and corresponding key bindings by means of a <span
class="ID">Locate</span> operation that specifies the XKMS application URI
and the URL of the service role. Note that as with any other Locate operation
the credentials returned by this mechanism SHOULD only be considered
trustworthy if validated according to the trust policy of the client.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_182"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_182" class="markParagraph">[182]</a> The primary
use intended for <span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> identifiers is to
identify application protocols. <span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span>
URI identifiers MAY be specified that represent key binding issuance and/or
use policies instead of or in addition to an application protocol. In this
case the <span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> element specifies that
the key binding complies with the specified policy.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_183"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_183" class="markParagraph">[183]</a>In the case
that a client follows a referral model in which raw key binding information
is obtained from a Locate service then forwarded to a validate service the
<span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> elements in the query should in
both cases specify the uses for which the application intends to use the key.
Applications SHOULD NOT forward <span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span>
elements returned in a Locate result in a subsequent Validate query.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_184"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_184" class="markParagraph">[184]</a>The following
table describes the formatting for the specified types of identifier:</p>

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber2" dir="ltr">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th height="19" dir="ltr">Identifier Type</th>
      <th height="19" dir="ltr">Example</th>
      <th height="19" dir="ltr">Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" height="36" dir="ltr" align="left">RFC822
      addr-spec</td>
      <td valign="top" height="36" dir="ltr" align="left">bob@example.com</td>
      <td valign="top" height="36" dir="ltr" align="left">The addr-spec
        fragment of an RFC 822 email address as used by SMTP</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr" align="left">URI</td>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr"
      align="left">https://example.com/</td>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr" align="left">A Uniform Resource
        Identifier</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr" align="left">DNS Address</td>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr" align="left">example.com</td>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr" align="left">An Internet DNS
        address</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="2" valign="top" height="43" dir="ltr" align="left">IP
        Address</td>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr" align="left">10.23.0.20</td>
      <td valign="top" height="18" dir="ltr" align="left">An IPv4 address in
        decimal notation</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" height="19" dir="ltr"
        align="left">1080::8:800:200C:417A</td>
      <td valign="top" height="19" dir="ltr" align="left">An IPv6 address in
        <a href="#RFC-2373">RFC 2373</a> notation</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" height="36" dir="ltr" align="left">X.509 Distinguished
        Name</td>
      <td valign="top" height="36" dir="ltr" align="left">C="UK"
        O="CryptoGuys Ltd." CN="Bob"</td>
      <td valign="top" height="36" dir="ltr" align="left">An X.509
        Distinguished Name</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_185"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_185" class="markParagraph">[185]</a>The following
schema defines the <span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- UseKeyWith --&gt;
   &lt;element name="UseKeyWith" type="xkms:UseKeyWithType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="UseKeyWithType"&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Application" type="anyURI" use="required"/&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Identifier" type="string" use="required"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /UseKeyWith --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_4">5.1.4</a> <a
name="ElementUnverifiedKeyBinding" id="ElementUnverifiedKeyBinding">Element
<span class="ID">&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_186" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_186"
class="markParagraph">[186]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</span> element is derived from the
<span class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span>. It describes a key binding
but makes no assertion regarding the status of the key binding.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_187" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_187"
class="markParagraph">[187]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</span> element extends the <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> with the following additional
elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;ValidityInterval&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The time interval in which the key binding relationship is
      asserted</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_188" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_188"
class="markParagraph">[188]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</span> element and <span
class="ID">UnverifiedKeyBinding</span><span class="ID">Type</span>:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- UnverifiedKeyBinding --&gt;
   &lt;element name="UnverifiedKeyBinding" 
         type="xkms:UnverifiedKeyBindingType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="UnverifiedKeyBindingType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:KeyBindingAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ValidityInterval" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /UnverifiedKeyBinding --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_5"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_5">5.1.5</a> <a name="ElementValidityInterval"
id="ElementValidityInterval">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidityInterval&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_189" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_189"
class="markParagraph">[189]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidityInterval&gt;</span> element specifies limits on the
validity of the key binding.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">NotBefore</span> <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>Time instant at which the validity interval begins</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">NotOnOrAfter</span> <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>Time instant at which the validity interval has ended</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_190" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_190"
class="markParagraph">[190]</a>All dateTime values MUST fully specify the
date.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_191" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_191"
class="markParagraph">[191]</a>The <span class="ID">NotBefore</span> and
<span class="ID">NotOnOrAfter</span> attributes are optional. If the <span
class="ID">NotBefore</span> attribute is omitted the key binding is valid on
any date up to but excluding the date specified in the <span
class="ID">NotOnOrAfter</span> attribute . If the <span
class="ID">NotOnOrAfter</span> attribute is omitted the key binding is valid
from the <span class="ID">NotBefore</span> attribute with no expiry. If both
elements are omitted the key binding is valid at any time.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_192" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_192"
class="markParagraph">[192]</a>In accordance with the XML Schema
Specifications, all time instances are interpreted in Universal Coordinated
Time unless they explicitly indicate a time zone.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_193" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_193"
class="markParagraph">[193]</a>Implementations MUST NOT generate time
instances that specify leap seconds.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_194" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_194"
class="markParagraph">[194]</a>For purposes of comparison, the time interval
<span class="ID">NotBefore</span> to <span class="ID">NotOnOrAfter</span>
begins at the earliest time instant compatible with the specification of
<span class="ID">NotBefore</span> and <i><u>has ended</u></i> at the
<i><u>earliest</u></i> time instant compatible with the specification of
<span class="ID">NotOnOrAfter</span></p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_195" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_195"
class="markParagraph">[195]</a>For example if the time interval specified is
<span class="ID"><i>day</i>T12:03:02</span> to <span
class="ID"><i>day</i>T12:05:12</span> the times <span
class="ID">12:03:02.00</span> and <span class="ID">12:05:11.9999</span> are
within the time interval. The time <span class="ID">12:05:12.0000</span> is
outside the time interval.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_196" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_196"
class="markParagraph">[196]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidityInterval&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ValidityInterval --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ValidityInterval" type="xkms:ValidityIntervalType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="ValidityIntervalType"&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="NotBefore" type="dateTime"/&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="NotOnOrAfter" type="dateTime"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ValidityInterval --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_6"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_6">5.1.6</a> <a name="ElementKeyBinding"
id="ElementKeyBinding">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_197" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_197"
class="markParagraph">[197]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</span>
element is derived from the <span class="ID">UnverifiedKeyBinding</span><span
class="ID">Type</span>. It specifies a particular instance of a key binding
and its current status as known to the issuer of the key binding.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_198" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_198"
class="markParagraph">[198]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</span>
element extends the <span class="ID">UnverifiedKeyBinding</span><span
class="ID">Type</span> with the following additional elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;Status&gt;</span>&nbsp;[Required]</dt>
      <dd>The status of the key binding instance.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_199" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_199"
class="markParagraph">[199]</a>The following schema defines the <font
face="Courier">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</font> element and <font
face="Courier">KeyBindingType</font>:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- KeyBinding --&gt;
   &lt;element name="KeyBinding" type="xkms:KeyBindingType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="KeyBindingType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:UnverifiedKeyBindingType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:Status"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /KeyBinding --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_7"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_7">5.1.7</a> <a name="ElementStatus"
id="ElementStatus">Element <span class="ID">&lt;Status&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_200" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_200"
class="markParagraph">[200]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;status&gt;</span>
element specifies the status of a <span class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</span>
instance.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_201" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_201"
class="markParagraph">[201]</a>The status value MAY be supplemented with
codes that state the status of specific aspects of the key binding status
that were validated.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_202" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_202"
class="markParagraph">[202]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;Status&gt;</span>
element contains the following elements and attribute:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;ValidReason&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>A status aspect that was evaluated and found to be Valid.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;IndeterminateReason&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>A status aspect that could not be evaluated or was evaluated and
        returned an Indeterminate result.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;InvalidReason&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>A status aspect that was evaluated and found to be Invalid.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">StatusValue</span> [Required]</dt>
      <dd>The key binding status</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_203" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_203"
class="markParagraph">[203]</a>The enumerated type <span
style="FONT-FAMILY: Courier" class="ID">AssertionStatus</span> is used to
indicate the key binding status. The following values are defined:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">Valid</span></dt>
      <dd>The key binding is definitively valid.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Indeterminate</span></dt>
      <dd>The status of the key binding cannot be determined.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Invalid</span></dt>
      <dd>The key binding is definitively invalid.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_204" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_204"
class="markParagraph">[204]</a>If reason codes are specified&nbsp;<span
class="ID">StatusValue</span> attribute MUST be consistent with the reason
codes specified as follows:</p>
<ul>
  <li>If an <span class="ID">&lt;InvalidReason&gt;</span> code is present the
    <span class="ID">StatusValue</span> attibute MUST have the value <span
    class="ID">Invalid</span></li>
  <li>If an <span class="ID">&lt;IndeterminateReason&gt;</span> code is
    present the <span class="ID">StatusValue</span> attibute MUST have the
    either the value <span class="ID">Indeterminate</span> or the value <span
    class="ID">Invalid</span>.</li>
  <li>If neither an <span class="ID">&lt;InvalidReason&gt;</span> nor an
    <span class="ID">&lt;IndeterminateReason&gt;</span> code is present the
    <span class="ID">StatusValue</span> attibute MAY have any defined value,
    i.e. <span class="ID">Valid</span>, <span class="ID">Indeterminate</span>
    or <span class="ID">Invalid</span>.</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_205" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_205"
class="markParagraph">[205]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;Status&gt;</span> element and <span
class="ID">StatusType</span> and <span class="ID">AssertionType</span>
types:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- Status --&gt;
   &lt;element name="Status" type="xkms:StatusType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="StatusType"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:ValidReason" minOccurs="0" 
               maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:IndeterminateReason" minOccurs="0" 
               maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:InvalidReason" minOccurs="0" 
               maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="StatusValue" type="xkms:KeyBindingStatus" 
            use="required"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;simpleType name="KeyBindingStatus"&gt;
      &lt;restriction base="QName"&gt;
         &lt;enumeration value="xkms:Valid"/&gt;
         &lt;enumeration value="xkms:Invalid"/&gt;
         &lt;enumeration value="xkms:Indeterminate"/&gt;
      &lt;/restriction&gt;
   &lt;/simpleType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /Status --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_8"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_8">5.1.8</a> <a name="ElementsValidReasonetc"
id="ElementsValidReasonetc">Elements <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidReason</span></a> <span class="ID">&gt;</span>, <span
class="ID">&lt;InvalidReason&gt;</span> and<span
class="ID">&lt;IndeterminateReason&gt;</span></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_206" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_206"
class="markParagraph">[206]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidReason&gt;</span>, <span
class="ID">&lt;InvalidReason&gt;</span> and<span
class="ID">&lt;IndeterminateReason&gt;</span> elements are used to specify a
QName that specifies a reason for a particular key binding status.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_207" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_207"
class="markParagraph">[207]</a>The status aspects are defined in the table
below. For convenience the equivalent X509 processing steps are given:</p>

<div class="center">

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" rowspan="2">Reason QName Local Name</th>
      <th valign="top" rowspan="2">Description</th>
      <th valign="top" colspan="2">X.509 Equivalent</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" class="ID">Valid</th>
      <th valign="top" class="ID">Invalid</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">IssuerTrust</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The issuer of the information on which
        the key binding is based is considered to be trustworthy by the XKMS
        service.</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Certificate path anchored by trusted root
        successfully constructed</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Certificate path could not be constructed
        to a trusted root</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
      class="ID">RevocationStatus</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The XKMS service has affirmatively
        verified the status of the key binding with an authoritative
      source</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Certificate status validated using CRL or
        OCSP</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Certificate status returned revoked or
        suspended.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span
      class="ID">ValidityInterval</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The requested time instant was within the
        validity interval of the key binding</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The certificate chain was valid at the
        requested time instant.</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">The requested time instant was before or
        after the certificate chain validity interval</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" align="left"><span class="ID">Signature</span></td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Signature on signed data provided by the
        client in the <font face="Courier">&lt;Keyinfo&gt;</font> element was
        successfully verified.</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Certificate Signature verified</td>
      <td valign="top" align="left">Certificate Signature verification
      failed</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_208" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_208"
class="markParagraph">[208]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidReason&gt;</span>, <span
class="ID">&lt;InvalidReason&gt;</span> and<span
class="ID">&lt;IndeterminateReason&gt;</span> elements:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- Reason --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ValidReason" type="QName"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="InvalidReason" type="QName"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="IndeterminateReason" type="QName"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /Reason --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_9"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_9">5.1.9</a> <a name="ElementQueryKeyBinding"
id="ElementQueryKeyBinding">Element <span class="ID">&lt;</span><font
face="Courier">QueryKey</font><span class="ID">Binding&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_209" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_209"
class="markParagraph">[209]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;</span> element is derived from the <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> and is used to perform a query that
results in the return of one or more matching key bindings.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_210" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_210"
class="markParagraph">[210]</a>A key binding matches the <span
class="ID">QueryKeyBinding</span> if:</p>
<ul>
  <li>The key binding contains all the <span
    class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> elements contained in the query,
    <i><u>and</u></i></li>
  <li>The key binding contains all the <span
    class="ID">&lt;KeyInfo&gt;</span> elements contained in the query</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_211" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_211"
class="markParagraph">[211]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;</span> element extends the <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> with the following additional
elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;TimeInstant&gt;</span> [Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The Time Instant for which the query is made. If no time instant is
        specified the default is the time the request was made.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_212" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_212"
class="markParagraph">[212]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;</span> element and <span
class="ID">KeyBindingType</span>:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- QueryKeyBinding --&gt;
   &lt;element name="QueryKeyBinding" type="xkms:QueryKeyBindingType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="QueryKeyBindingType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:KeyBindingAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:TimeInstant" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /QueryKeyBinding --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_10"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_1_10">5.1.10</a> <a name="ElementTimeInstant"
id="ElementTimeInstant">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;TimeInstant&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_213" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_213"
class="markParagraph">[213]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;TimeInstant&gt;</span> element specifies a specific instant in
time for which a key binding query is made. The <span
class="ID">&lt;TimeInstant&gt;</span> element contains the following
attribute:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">Time</span> <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>Time instant to which a <span
        class="ID">&lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;</span> relates.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_214" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_214"
class="markParagraph">[214]</a>All dateTime values MUST fully specify the
date.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_215" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_215"
class="markParagraph">[215]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;TimeInstant&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- TimeInstant --&gt;
   &lt;element name="TimeInstant" type="xkms:TimeInstantType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="TimeInstantType"&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Time" type="dateTime" use="required"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /TimeInstant --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_2">5.2</a>
<a name="LocateService" id="LocateService">Locate Service</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_216" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_216"
class="markParagraph">[216]</a>The Locate service accepts as input a <span
class="ID">&lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;</span> element that specifies a key
binding and returns one or more <span
class="ID">&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</span> elements that relate to the
same public key. The <span class="ID">&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</span>
elements returned are specified by the <span class="ID">Respond</span>
element in the request.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_2_1">5.2.1</a>Locate Request <a
name="ElementLocateRequest" id="ElementLocateRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;LocateRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_217" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_217"
class="markParagraph">[217]</a>The request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;LocateRequest&gt;</span> element that contains the following
element.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Required]</dt>
      <dd>The key binding query to be matched in the response</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_218" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_218"
class="markParagraph">[218]</a>&nbsp;The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;LocateRequest&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- LocateRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="LocateRequest" type="xkms:LocateRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="LocateRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:QueryKeyBinding"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /LocateRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_2_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_2_2">5.2.2</a>Locate Response <a
name="ElementLocateResult" id="ElementLocateResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;LocateResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_219" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_219"
class="markParagraph">[219]</a>The response message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;LocateResult&gt;</span> element</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>A sequence of <span class="ID">&lt;UnverifiedKeyBinding&gt;</span>
        key binding that matche the key binding query specified in the
        corresponding request. If no results are found the sequence is empty
        and the <span class="ID">&lt;ResultCode&gt;NoMatch</span> returned.
        In some circumstances a <span class="ID">Locate</span> operation MAY
        return multiple matching results.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_220" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_220"
class="markParagraph">[220]</a>&nbsp;The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;LocateResult&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- LocateResult --&gt;
   &lt;element name="LocateResult" type="xkms:LocateResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="LocateResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:UnverifiedKeyBinding" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /LocateResult --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_3">5.3</a>
<a name="ValidateService" id="ValidateService">Validate Service</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_221" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_221"
class="markParagraph">[221]</a>The <span class="ID">Validate</span> service
allows the client to query the binding between a <span
class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span> element and other data such as an
identifier. The client supplies a prototype for the key binding requested.
The prototype may specify either a <span class="ID">&lt;ds:Keyinfo&gt;</span>
element or one or more <span class="ID">&lt;UseKeyWith&gt;</span> elements
or&nbsp; both. The server returns one or more <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</span> elements that meet the criteria
specified in the request.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_3_1">5.3.1</a>Validate Request <a
name="ElementValidateRequest" id="ElementValidateRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidateRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_222" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_222"
class="markParagraph">[222]</a>The validate request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidateRequest&gt;</span> element:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;QueryKeyBinding&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>The key binding query to be matched in the response.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_223" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_223"
class="markParagraph">[223]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidateRequest&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ValidateRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ValidateRequest" type="xkms:ValidateRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="ValidateRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:QueryKeyBinding"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ValidateRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_3_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_5_3_2">5.3.2</a>Validate Response <a
name="ElementValidateResult" id="ElementValidateResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidateResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_224" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_224"
class="markParagraph">[224]</a>The validate response message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidateResult&gt;</span> element:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Keybinding&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Any Number]</b></dt>
      <dd>A sequence of <span class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</span> key
        bindings that match the key binding query specified in the
        corresponding request. If no results are found the sequence is empty
        and the <span class="ID">&lt;ResultCode&gt;NoMatch</span> returned.
        In some circumstances a <span class="ID">Validate</span> operation
        MAY return multiple matching results.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_225" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_225"
class="markParagraph">[225]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;ValidateResult&gt;</span> element and the <span
class="ID">ValidateResultType</span> type.</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ValidateResult --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ValidateResult" type="xkms:ValidateResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="ValidateResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:KeyBinding" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ValidateResult --&gt;</pre>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6">6</a> <a
name="KeyRegistrationServiceOverview" id="KeyRegistrationServiceOverview">Key
Registration Service Overview</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_226" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_226"
class="markParagraph">[226]</a>The XML Key Registration Service Specification
permits management of information that is bound to a public key pair. The
XKRSS service specification supports the following operations:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">Register</span></dt>
      <dd>Information is bound to a public key pair through a key binding</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Reissue</span></dt>
      <dd>A previously registered key binding is reissued.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Revoke</span></dt>
      <dd>A previously registered key binding is revoked.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">Recover</span></dt>
      <dd>The private key associated with a key binding is recovered.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_227" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_227"
class="markParagraph">[227]</a>An XKMS service may offer all or none of these
services.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_228" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_228"
class="markParagraph">[228]</a>The <span class="ID">Register</span> operation
does not in itself place any requirement on the registration service to
communicate that information to any other party. In most applications,
however, a registration service will provide key information to other Web
Services such as those described in the XKMS specification or a separate
underlying PKI such as PKIX.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_229" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_229"
class="markParagraph">[229]</a>The <span class="ID">Register</span> operation
MAY be used in a mode where client requests are accepted by an intermediary
such as a Local Registration Authority (LRA) and forwarded to a Master
Registration Authority (MRA). This mode of operation is entirely transparent
to the client which acts as if the LRA is the only registration authority
involved. The construction of the proof-of-possession of the private key and
the authentication information is complete separate of the message
authentication signature. This allows verification by both the LRA and any
other registration authority that it is relayed to, even if the message
authentication signature has been replaced by the LRA.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_1">6.1</a>
<a name="Registration" id="Registration">Registration</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_230" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_230"
class="markParagraph">[230]</a>The <span class="ID">Register</span> request
is used to assert a binding of information to a public key pair. Generation
of the public key pair MAY be performed by either the client or the
Registration service.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_231" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_231"
class="markParagraph">[231]</a>The Registration request message contains a
prototype of the requested key binding. The registration service MAY require
the client to provide additional information to authenticate the request. If
the public key pair is generated by the client, the service MAY require the
client to provide Proof of Possession of the private key.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_232" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_232"
class="markParagraph">[232]</a>The prototype of the requested key binding may
contain only partial information, a key without a name or a name without a
key. In this case, the client is requesting that the registration service
provide the additional information required to complete the binding. All
information contained in the prototype of the requested key binding is
advisory to the service and MAY be ignored or overridden at the option of the
service.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_233" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_233"
class="markParagraph">[233]</a>On receipt of a registration request, the
registration service verifies the authentication and POP information provided
(if any). If the registration service accepts the request a key binding is
registered. This key binding MAY include some, all or none of the information
provided by the prototype key binding and MAY include additional
information.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_234" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_234"
class="markParagraph">[234]</a>The registration service MAY return part or
all of the registered key binding to the client.</p>

<p class="center"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_235"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_235" class="markParagraph">[235]</a> <img
alt="Diagram shows the data passed from the client to the server for registration"
src="Images/image010.gif" border="0" width="480" height="216" /></p>

<p class="caption"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_236"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_236" class="markParagraph">[236]</a>Figure 5:
Registration of a Key Binding</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_237" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_237"
class="markParagraph">[237]</a>The choice of generation of the key pair at
the client or the service depends on the application and the type of key. In
the case of a key used for signing purposes it is generally undesirable for
any party apart from the key bearer to have access to the private key. Should
access to the private key be lost a new key may be issued without affecting
the validity of any of the signatures created using the old private key.
Accordingly it is usually preferable for such keys to be generated at the
client and not the server.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_238" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_238"
class="markParagraph">[238]</a>In the case of a private key used exclusively
for certain types of encryption, the loss of access to the private key may
result in the loss of access to the stored data encrypted under the key. In
such circumstances it is generally desirable for some form of key recovery to
be employed. In such systems the key pair is typically generated at the
service and delivered to the client.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_239" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_239"
class="markParagraph">[239]</a>A key used for both signing and encryption
might be generated at the client or the server depending on whether key
recovery is to be supported.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_1_1">6.1.1</a> <a
name="ExampleRegistrationofClientGeneratedKeyPair"
id="ExampleRegistrationofClientGeneratedKeyPair">Example: Registration of
Client-Generated Key Pair</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_240" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_240"
class="markParagraph">[240]</a>Alice requests registration of an RSA key pair
for her email address <span class="ID">Alice@example.com</span>. Alice has
previously received from the XKMS service the code "024837" with which to
authenticate her request. Alice selects the pass phrase "Help I have revealed
my key" to authenticate herself should it be necessary to revoke the
registration at a later date.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_241" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_241"
class="markParagraph">[241]</a>The X-KRSS request message contains the
following <span class="ID">&lt;RegisterRequest&gt;</span> element: Because
the registration request is for a client generated key the Authentication
element contains both a <span class="ID">&lt;ProofOfPossession&gt;</span>
element which demonstrates that the request is authorized by the holder of
the private key and a &lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt; element which
demonstrates that the request was made by a person who knows the
authentication code "024837".</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RegisterRequest xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="Ib2a24fb53aef424e4cf5cadb457f7cf1" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Cert&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Chain&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
   &lt;PrototypeKeyBinding Id="Icd1c244916cbdfbba2a41a5874050d49"&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;ds:KeyValue&gt;
            &lt;ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
               &lt;ds:Modulus&gt;zvbTdKsTprGAKJdgi7ulDR0eQBptLv/SJNIh3uVmPBObZFsLbq
                     Pwo5nyLOkzWlEHNbShPMRp1qFr
AfF13LMmeohNYfCXTHLqH1MaMOm+BhXABHB9rUKaGoOBjQPHCBtHbfMGQYjznGTpfCdTrUgq8VNl
qM2Ph9XWMcc7qbjNHw8=&lt;/ds:Modulus&gt;
               &lt;ds:Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/ds:Exponent&gt;
            &lt;/ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
         &lt;/ds:KeyValue&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2459" 
            Identifier="C=&amp;quot;US&amp;quot; O=&amp;quot;Alice Corp&amp;quot; 
            CN=&amp;quot;Alice Aardvark&amp;quot;"/&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
            Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="http://ca.example.com/cps/20030401/class3" 
            Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test"/&gt;
   &lt;/PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;
   &lt;Authentication&gt;
      &lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;
         &lt;ds:Signature&gt;
            &lt;ds:SignedInfo&gt;
               &lt;ds:CanonicalizationMethod 
                     Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315"/&gt;
               &lt;ds:SignatureMethod 
                     Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#hmac-sha1"/
                     &gt;
               &lt;ds:Reference URI="#Icd1c244916cbdfbba2a41a5874050d49"&gt;
                  &lt;ds:DigestMethod 
                        Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/&gt;
                  &lt;ds:DigestValue&gt;GjT4HnC3acxVsQPB0ZKMjHkWPBc=&lt;/ds:DigestValu
                        e&gt;
               &lt;/ds:Reference&gt;
            &lt;/ds:SignedInfo&gt;
            &lt;ds:SignatureValue&gt;Be8dxsuF1NA1BS186F/YE9kHSAI=&lt;/ds:SignatureValu
                  e&gt;
         &lt;/ds:Signature&gt;
      &lt;/KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;
   &lt;/Authentication&gt;
   &lt;ProofOfPossession&gt;
      &lt;ds:Signature&gt;
         &lt;ds:SignedInfo&gt;
            &lt;ds:CanonicalizationMethod 
                  Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315"
                  /&gt;
            &lt;ds:SignatureMethod 
                  Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/&gt;
            &lt;ds:Reference URI="#Icd1c244916cbdfbba2a41a5874050d49"&gt;
               &lt;ds:DigestMethod 
                     Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/&gt;
               &lt;ds:DigestValue&gt;GjT4HnC3acxVsQPB0ZKMjHkWPBc=&lt;/ds:DigestValue&gt;
            &lt;/ds:Reference&gt;
         &lt;/ds:SignedInfo&gt;
         &lt;ds:SignatureValue&gt;OG0Up9FbmfUqD5jPUtXcdbwz5mytziZ1BLYMpmoOso+oonq38
               05ptbtD7Wlmat9jSN9CFA+c7CfE
klzweUl3C8YGEaiKGbYkhh3oD2UcDXgkbw+u7vnB6RDtZ9jdPjhDmHqzOBqpRmxu13Dq5IR6k5JO
PxjFHVShfnDQ3BURQ0M=&lt;/ds:SignatureValue&gt;
      &lt;/ds:Signature&gt;
   &lt;/ProofOfPossession&gt;
&lt;/RegisterRequest&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_244" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_244"
class="markParagraph">[244]</a>The service accepts the registration and
returns the following response:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RegisterResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I2faa9375044c778584ab6dbb7601d889" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#Ib2a24fb53aef424e4cf5cadb457f7cf1" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;KeyBinding Id="Id5cead31f37696ed83c4c4300cdf726f"&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIIB9zCCAWSgAwIBAgIQcrFRxIjRYohNpcVr5iWHkjAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
         &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2459" 
            Identifier="C=&amp;quot;US&amp;quot; O=&amp;quot;Alice Corp&amp;quot; 
            CN=&amp;quot;Alice Aardvark&amp;quot;"/&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
            Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="http://ca.example.com/cps/20030401/class3" 
            Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;Status StatusValue="Valid"&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;Signature&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;IssuerTrust&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;RevocationStatus&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;ValidityInterval&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
      &lt;/Status&gt;
   &lt;/KeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/RegisterResult&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_1_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_1_2">6.1.2</a> <a
name="ExampleRegistrationofServiceGeneratedKeyPair"
id="ExampleRegistrationofServiceGeneratedKeyPair">Example: Registration of
Service-Generated Key Pair</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_245" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_245"
class="markParagraph">[245]</a>The request for registration of a service
generated key pair omits the public key data and requests that private key
data be returned with the response.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_246" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_246"
class="markParagraph">[246]</a>Bob requests a server generated key pair after
receiving the authentication code 3n9cj-jk4jk-s04jf-20934-jsr09-jwik4 through
some out-of-band mechanism.&nbsp; The request specifies only <span
class="ID">Encryption</span> and <span class="ID">Exchange</span> key uses as
the key is to be escrowed for possible later recovery and the security policy
of the issuer does not allow escrow of signature keys.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_247" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_247"
class="markParagraph">[247]</a>The server generates a public-private key pair
in response to the request, generates appropriate certifications, and returns
the result to the client.&nbsp; The result includes the private key value
encrypted using a key derived from the authentication code value as described
in Appendix C.1.3.&nbsp; The client can decrypt the private key by computing
the decryption key from the authentication code value in the same manner as
the service.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_248" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_248"
class="markParagraph">[248]</a>To avoid leaking the private key value to
unauthorized entities it is critical that the service and client protect the
authentication code value from disclosure.&nbsp; The service should not reuse
authentication code values nor should the key derived from an authentication
code be used to encrypt more than a single private key communication.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_249" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_249"
class="markParagraph">[249]</a>The calculation of the authentication data and
encryption of the private key for this example is shown in Appendix C.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_250" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_250"
class="markParagraph">[250]</a>The response includes both the public key data
and the encrypted private key:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RegisterResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I76938e53f0ed178472cb5ee1915e1506" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#I4dee7816ffaeff8d93e26615b0e4fb67" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;KeyBinding Id="I397357a6483a835adb1235d9f07fb001"&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIIB+zCCAWigAwIBAgIQhzf6GHdFobRCYrjlFTCekjAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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==
&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIIB9zCCAWSgAwIBAgIQcrFRxIjRYohNpcVr5iWHkjAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
         &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2459" 
            Identifier="C=&amp;quot;UK&amp;quot; O=&amp;quot;Bob Corp&amp;quot; CN=&amp;quot;Bob
            Baker&amp;quot;"/&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
            Identifier="bob@bobcorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;Status StatusValue="Valid"&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;Signature&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;IssuerTrust&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;RevocationStatus&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;ValidityInterval&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
      &lt;/Status&gt;
   &lt;/KeyBinding&gt;
   &lt;PrivateKey&gt;
      &lt;xenc:EncryptedData&gt;
         &lt;xenc:EncryptionMethod 
               Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc"/&gt;
         &lt;xenc:CipherData&gt;
            &lt;xenc:CipherValue&gt;Hnp23IfB9Vpt5f4A6392Lqk3+h+Y999rJhpiexi+xXEWokE
                  1ntr0Z4q4u36hRy0PPmAUSs8JbFdE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&lt;/xenc:CipherValue&gt;
         &lt;/xenc:CipherData&gt;
      &lt;/xenc:EncryptedData&gt;
   &lt;/PrivateKey&gt;
&lt;/RegisterResult&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_2">6.2</a>
<a name="Reissue" id="Reissue">Reissue</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_251" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_251"
class="markParagraph">[251]</a>A Registration service MAY permit clients to
reissue previously issued key bindings. A reissue request is made in the same
manner as the initial registration of a key.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_252" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_252"
class="markParagraph">[252]</a>The principal reason a client would make a
Reissue request is to cause the registration service to generate new
credentials in the underlying PKI, e.g. X.509 Certificates.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_2_1">6.2.1</a> <a name="ExampleReissue"
id="ExampleReissue">Example: Reissue</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_253" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_253"
class="markParagraph">[253]</a>Alice requests reissue of her previously
issued RSA key pair for her email address.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_254" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_254"
class="markParagraph">[254]</a>The X-KRSS request message contains the
following <span class="ID">&lt;ReissueRequest&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;ReissueRequest xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I88343deedc35d02aca17492766be0815" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Cert&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
  &lt;RespondWith&gt;X509Chain&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
  &lt;ReissueKeyBinding Id="Ic46d382e5fd01e9349004cdbdb7f2ed4"&gt;
    &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
        &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJBgUrD
              gMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl
c3QgQ0EwHhcNMDIwNjEzMjEzMzQxWhcNMzkxMjMxMjM1OTU5WjAsMSowKAYDVQQGEyFVUyBPPUFs
aWNlIENvcnAgQ049QWxpY2UgQWFyZHZhcmswgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMoy
4c9+NoNJvJUnV8pqPByGb4FOJcU0VktbGJpO2imiQx+EJsCt27z/pVUDrexTyctCWbeqR5a40JCQ
mvNmRUfg2d81HXyA+iYPl4L6nUlHbkLjrhPPtMDSd5YHjyvnCN454+Hr0paA1MJXKuw8ZMkjGYsr
4fSYpPELOH5PDJEBAgMBAAGjRzBFMEMGA1UdAQQ8MDqAEEVr1g8cxzEkdMX4GAlD6TahFDASMRAw
DgYDVQQDEwdUZXN0IENBghBysVHEiNFiiE2lxWvmJYeSMAkGBSsOAwIdBQADgYEAKp+RKhDMIVIb
ooSNcoIeV/wVew1bPVkEDOUwmhAdRXUA94uRifiFfmp9GoN08Jkurx/gF18RFB/7oLrVY+cpzRoC
ipcnAnmh0hGY8FNFmhyKU1tFhVFdFXB5QUglkmkRntNkOmcb8O87xO0XktmvNzcJDes9PMNxrVtC
hzjaFAE=&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
      &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
    &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
    &lt;Status StatusValue="Valid" /&gt;
  &lt;/ReissueKeyBinding&gt;
  &lt;Authentication&gt;
    &lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;
      &lt;ds:Signature&gt;
        &lt;ds:SignedInfo&gt;
          &lt;ds:CanonicalizationMethod 
                Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315" 
                /&gt;
          &lt;ds:SignatureMethod 
                Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#hmac-sha1" /&gt;
          &lt;ds:Reference URI="#Ic46d382e5fd01e9349004cdbdb7f2ed4"&gt;
            &lt;ds:DigestMethod 
                  Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" /&gt;
            &lt;ds:DigestValue&gt;9LRNiWWg8Hqfz8It9m6rdevAvPU=&lt;/ds:DigestValue&gt;
          &lt;/ds:Reference&gt;
        &lt;/ds:SignedInfo&gt;
        &lt;ds:SignatureValue&gt;wDQjKafl5+oC1F3ZOOVUFalzINU=&lt;/ds:SignatureValue&gt;
      &lt;/ds:Signature&gt;
    &lt;/KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;
  &lt;/Authentication&gt;
  &lt;ProofOfPossession&gt;
    &lt;ds:Signature&gt;
      &lt;ds:SignedInfo&gt;
        &lt;ds:CanonicalizationMethod 
              Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315" /&gt;
        &lt;ds:SignatureMethod 
              Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1" /&gt;
        &lt;ds:Reference URI="#Ic46d382e5fd01e9349004cdbdb7f2ed4"&gt;
          &lt;ds:DigestMethod 
                Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" /&gt;
          &lt;ds:DigestValue&gt;9LRNiWWg8Hqfz8It9m6rdevAvPU=&lt;/ds:DigestValue&gt;
        &lt;/ds:Reference&gt;
      &lt;/ds:SignedInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:SignatureValue&gt;ptnvU5xfotPoerxGVC213IwkA2fsSq7xb1IkTI2Mam4CG9czL02W
            fgn54Acfn2xc0NQC5cA75T9J
wApX0m+cKvldQhDQ0iIQC7Z2gX4rc5F7FfcYc1q0gz2DO6jbw1NaJ76ypGDRNxmBAOwvIoTnLBGc
ivNL60Vh3btz9GS8xcY=&lt;/ds:SignatureValue&gt;
    &lt;/ds:Signature&gt;
  &lt;/ProofOfPossession&gt;
&lt;/ReissueRequest&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_255" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_255"
class="markParagraph">[255]</a>The service accepts the registration and
returns the following response:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;ReissueResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="Ide4b886422dd540add1611f6dcd7a504" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#I88343deedc35d02aca17492766be0815" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
   &lt;KeyBinding Id="I70584c813547faf48d6d296ee0876df5"&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
         &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
            &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIIB9zCCAWSgAwIBAgIQcrFRxIjRYohNpcVr5iWHkjAJB
                  gUrDgMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
         &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Signature&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Encryption&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;KeyUsage&gt;Exchange&lt;/KeyUsage&gt;
      &lt;UseKeyWith Application="urn:ietf:rfc:2633" 
            Identifier="alice@alicecorp.test"/&gt;
      &lt;Status StatusValue="Valid"&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;Signature&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;IssuerTrust&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;RevocationStatus&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
         &lt;ValidReason&gt;ValidityInterval&lt;/ValidReason&gt;
      &lt;/Status&gt;
   &lt;/KeyBinding&gt;
&lt;/ReissueResult&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_3">6.3</a>
<a name="Revocation" id="Revocation">Revocation</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_256" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_256"
class="markParagraph">[256]</a>A Registration service MAY permit clients to
revoke previously issued key bindings.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_257" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_257"
class="markParagraph">[257]</a>If an XKMS key binding is bound to a data
object in an underlying PKI the revocation of the key binding SHOULD result
in the revocation of the underlying data object. For example if the XKMS key
binding is bound to an X.509 certificate the revocation of the key binding
SHOULD result in revocation of the underlying certificate.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_3_1">6.3.1</a> <a name="ExampleRevocation"
id="ExampleRevocation">Example: Revocation</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_258" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_258"
class="markParagraph">[258]</a>For some reason Alice requests the
registration service revoke the binding for her public key. Alice
authenticates herself using the pass phrase value established during
registration.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_259" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_259"
class="markParagraph">[259]</a>The request message is:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RevokeRequest xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I7edfd825be9d24d0e6d9134b6ec65b02" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;RevokeKeyBinding Id="I18a98c1b1d6d7b526b38d762552b12a1"&gt;
    &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:X509Data&gt;
        &lt;ds:X509Certificate&gt;MIICAjCCAW+gAwIBAgIQlzQovIEbLLhMa8K5MR/juzAJBgUrD
              gMCHQUAMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMTB1Rl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&lt;/ds:X509Certificate&gt;
      &lt;/ds:X509Data&gt;
    &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
    &lt;Status StatusValue="Indeterminate" /&gt;
  &lt;/RevokeKeyBinding&gt;
  &lt;RevocationCode&gt;PHx8li2SUhrJv2e1DyeWbGbD6rs=&lt;/RevocationCode&gt;
&lt;/RevokeRequest&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_260" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_260"
class="markParagraph">[260]</a>The service responds that the key binding has
been revoked:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RevokeResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I241c8cd4f1db162c02acfcec80466da6" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#I7edfd825be9d24d0e6d9134b6ec65b02" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#" /&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_4" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_4">6.4</a>
<a name="KeyRecovery" id="KeyRecovery">Key Recovery</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_261" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_261"
class="markParagraph">[261]</a>A Registration service MAY support key
recovery. For key recovery to be possible the private key to be recovered
MUST have been previously escrowed with the recovery service, for example by
means of the XKRSS registration of a server generated key. A key recovery
request is made in the same manner as the initial registration of a key
except that since the registration service might not have a record of the key
binding to be recovered the result code <span class="ID">NotFound</span> MAY
be returned.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_262" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_262"
class="markParagraph">[262]</a>The key recovery service is likely to require
time to respond to the recovery request. Clients supporting key recovery
SHOULD support asynchronous processing.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_263" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_263"
class="markParagraph">[263]</a>The security policy of the issuer MAY consider
the key recovery process itself as an actual or potential compromise of the
recovered key and thus require the revocation of all associated key bindings,
particularly if the key recovery was requested by a third party such as the
supervisor of the key holder.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_4_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_4_1">6.4.1</a> <a name="ExampleKeyRecovery"
id="ExampleKeyRecovery">Example: Key Recovery</a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_264" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_264"
class="markParagraph">[264]</a>Bob has forgotten the private key which he
obtained in the earlier registration example. He first contacts the
administrator of the key recovery service using an out-of-band authentication
procedure determined by site policy. The key recovery administrator issues to
Bob (using an out of band method) the key recovery authorization code "<span
class="ID">A8YUT VUHHU C9H29 8Y43U H9J3I 23</span>". In this case the code is
read over the telephone and so it would be inconvenient to be required to
specify spacing between the code blocks or capitalization.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_265" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_265"
class="markParagraph">[265]</a>The request parameters for the key recovery
are:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RecoverRequest xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="I6b917470995f9f4e9a7432e266d8aa23" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;RespondWith&gt;PrivateKey&lt;/RespondWith&gt;
  &lt;RecoverKeyBinding Id="Ifc4e210e8889bc463a6dd5765ff0645f"&gt;
    &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyValue&gt;
        &lt;ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
          &lt;ds:Modulus&gt;4i0BEhQ8Jc4tjwZYbvtMyYfBrIGOMx34K4Cdo2pAzoGnV679FLmGHWn
                Qy2cSj39hf5D1mIaPyD3j
/33TdfglTaaKqp7IPf6ei754fOuI/r1HpX7uqsw+j9LC4Z7GnG3yoY/eBJOZ8TRwMnx+MkwmopXP
VLvhMWRyiUOcO3SEkTE=&lt;/ds:Modulus&gt;
          &lt;ds:Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/ds:Exponent&gt;
        &lt;/ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyValue&gt;
    &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
    &lt;Status StatusValue="Indeterminate" /&gt;
  &lt;/RecoverKeyBinding&gt;
  &lt;Authentication&gt;
    &lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;
      &lt;ds:Signature&gt;
        &lt;ds:SignedInfo&gt;
          &lt;ds:CanonicalizationMethod 
                Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315" 
                /&gt;
          &lt;ds:SignatureMethod 
                Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#hmac-sha1" /&gt;
          &lt;ds:Reference URI="#Ifc4e210e8889bc463a6dd5765ff0645f"&gt;
            &lt;ds:DigestMethod 
                  Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" /&gt;
            &lt;ds:DigestValue&gt;6Vd6GGuGMIgdLEt903tLvuw5Tzc=&lt;/ds:DigestValue&gt;
          &lt;/ds:Reference&gt;
        &lt;/ds:SignedInfo&gt;
        &lt;ds:SignatureValue&gt;rx5c/qhYsjocM7a2oGd7FoNqsco=&lt;/ds:SignatureValue&gt;
      &lt;/ds:Signature&gt;
    &lt;/KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;
  &lt;/Authentication&gt;
&lt;/RecoverRequest&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_266" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_266"
class="markParagraph">[266]</a>The policy of this particular registration
service is to revoke a private key whenever key recovery is performed. A
registration service might adopt a revoke on recover policy for a number of
reasons which include concern that the recovery process might be considered
to have compromised the key in some way.&nbsp; The service returns the
revoked key binding and the private key parameters:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RecoverResult xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" 
      xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" 
      Id="If0a95d5df7851e45bff23df201a2bc8d" 
      Service="http://test.xmltrustcenter.org/XKMS" ResultMajor="Success" 
      RequestId="#I6b917470995f9f4e9a7432e266d8aa23" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;KeyBinding Id="Ifc4e210e8889bc463a6dd5765ff0645f"&gt;
    &lt;ds:KeyInfo&gt;
      &lt;ds:KeyValue&gt;
        &lt;ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
          &lt;ds:Modulus&gt;4i0BEhQ8Jc4tjwZYbvtMyYfBrIGOMx34K4Cdo2pAzoGnV679FLmGHWn
                Qy2cSj39hf5D1mIaPyD3j
/33TdfglTaaKqp7IPf6ei754fOuI/r1HpX7uqsw+j9LC4Z7GnG3yoY/eBJOZ8TRwMnx+MkwmopXP
VLvhMWRyiUOcO3SEkTE=&lt;/ds:Modulus&gt;
          &lt;ds:Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/ds:Exponent&gt;
        &lt;/ds:RSAKeyValue&gt;
      &lt;/ds:KeyValue&gt;
    &lt;/ds:KeyInfo&gt;
    &lt;Status StatusValue="Invalid"&gt;
      &lt;InvalidReason&gt;Signature&lt;/InvalidReason&gt;
      &lt;InvalidReason&gt;IssuerTrust&lt;/InvalidReason&gt;
      &lt;InvalidReason&gt;RevocationStatus&lt;/InvalidReason&gt;
      &lt;InvalidReason&gt;ValidityInterval&lt;/InvalidReason&gt;
    &lt;/Status&gt;
  &lt;/KeyBinding&gt;
  &lt;PrivateKey&gt;
    &lt;xenc:EncryptedData&gt;
      &lt;xenc:EncryptionMethod 
            Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc" /&gt;
      &lt;xenc:CipherData&gt;
        &lt;xenc:CipherValue&gt;hcq+ZmNCyjbotxsLUwR7EyKqwxw2hvoLVJDBiE2ToHAG9x3d5G5
              byhD0CvAumVUY1FIPurlEsU7Y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&lt;/xenc:CipherValue&gt;
      &lt;/xenc:CipherData&gt;
    &lt;/xenc:EncryptedData&gt;
  &lt;/PrivateKey&gt;
&lt;/RecoverResult&gt;</pre>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_267" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_267"
class="markParagraph">[267]</a>The decrypted private key parameters are:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RSAKeyValue xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;Modulus&gt;4i0BEhQ8Jc4tjwZYbvtMyYfBrIGOMx34K4Cdo2pAzoGnV679FLmGHWnQy2cSj39hf5
        D1mIaPyD3j
/33TdfglTaaKqp7IPf6ei754fOuI/r1HpX7uqsw+j9LC4Z7GnG3yoY/eBJOZ8TRwMnx+MkwmopXP
VLvhMWRyiUOcO3SEkTE=&lt;/Modulus&gt;
  &lt;Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/Exponent&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;9bfMM0ZkTd/bs9Vy9vGSdaOZ2qQh/0JVbpAMXSd0AEtPj8m28ZaGW+8wQ4OdOEmouNPDkhm6
        O7HC
TJ3IY18Phw==&lt;/P&gt;
  &lt;Q&gt;66PdfVufWHWghfUMVg3SypsiFWYCWIlgzl0AyZfUpRufjAMXpkpJckNh5qBAEikEPEsY7p3D
        vISV
TDqHeh/Xhw==&lt;/Q&gt;
  &lt;DP&gt;rZ5v768GQqwxThE9CVXJ2ct+c6nTx8w0F0o7Ijs1UNvl3MB3vp5QU3dfj+TYWyRYzjf7ESm
        SmIlS
s9Ys+GH70w==&lt;/DP&gt;
  &lt;DQ&gt;HvCEG3qVQIspSY10UjQ8cifOYNrlAfT/xfjGKrIJ1Kf82ehqCYaFgEBCsYJnBztld/kwS9x
        hH/aU
l86zjSBzLw==&lt;/DQ&gt;
  &lt;InverseQ&gt;FBpix6rKRUOlpddbREtNXGjiyvLK+jWu+pSCiTSpaQQkVuNH9dSRVqhbZi5ctYFuV
        QISjfW4lap9
pLKX5vCw/g==&lt;/InverseQ&gt;
  &lt;D&gt;ystjbFxsWdF2FAmyfUAh54kr5Ir9f2PdwtO9hGqe1Qp3iy1BirWWRQU9y0MN51BlkUXej/YH
        MZoc
tlaRpfLrLfcNYB4odKP4Tku+3eqqoc70kMYorU34NJQeeDVvDHaCm21qiSa9Je9QTlHI4PN38kM0
N3mEuHXRuw7MQI7W62k=&lt;/D&gt;
&lt;/RSAKeyValue&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_5" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_6_5">6.5</a>
<a name="RequestAuthentication" id="RequestAuthentication">Request
Authentication</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_268" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_268"
class="markParagraph">[268]</a>X-KRSS specifies a mechanism for
authenticating requests that is independent of any authentication mechanism
provided by the message security binding. By its nature the X-KRSS protocol
is required to support requests from parties who have yet to register their
credentials or who have impaired credentials which are to be revoked.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_269" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_269"
class="markParagraph">[269]</a>An X-KRSS Service SHOULD ensure that all
requests are authentic and authorized.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_270" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_270"
  class="markParagraph">[270]</a> <b>Authenticity</b>: The request message
  originated from the specified party.</p>

  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_271" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_271"
  class="markParagraph">[271]</a> <b>Integrity</b>: The request message has
  not been modified.</p>

  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_272" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_272"
  class="markParagraph">[272]</a> <b>Possession</b>: If a public key is
  specified in a registration request, proof that the request is authorized
  by a party that has access to the corresponding private key.</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_273" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_273"
class="markParagraph">[273]</a>Registration services set their own
authentication policy. This specification defines an authentication mechanism
that employs a shared secret established out of band between the client and
the registration service.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_274" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_274"
class="markParagraph">[274]</a>Services SHOULD require that clients
demonstrate Proof of Possession of the private key components of a public key
if a request is made to register a valid key binding bound to that public
key.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_275" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_275"
class="markParagraph">[275]</a>Services SHOULD accept Proof of Possession of
the private key component of a public key to effect revocation of any key
binding bound to that key.</p>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7">7</a> <a
name="KeyRegistrationServiceMessageSet"
id="KeyRegistrationServiceMessageSet">Key Registration Service Message
Set</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_276" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_276"
class="markParagraph">[276]</a>The protocol operations consist of a remote
procedure call that consists of a single request message sent by the client
to the registration service followed by a single response message sent by the
server to the client.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_277" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_277"
class="markParagraph">[277]</a>A response message MAY contain multiple key
bindings if the operation resulted in the creation or a change in the status
of multiple key bindings. For example a Register operation might cause two
independent key bindings with different policy identifiers and validity
intervals to be established in two independent underlying PKIs. Revocation of
one such key binding might cause the revocation of other associated key
bindings.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1">7.1</a>
<a name="CommonElements" id="CommonElements">Common Elements</a></h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_1">7.1.1</a> <a
name="ElementPrototypeKeyBinding" id="ElementPrototypeKeyBinding">Element
<span class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_278" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_278"
class="markParagraph">[278]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> element is derived from the
<span class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span>. It is used to specify the
values of elements that a client requests be present in the keybinding
resulting from a registration request.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_279" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_279"
class="markParagraph">[279]</a>All fields in a <span
class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> element are advisory and MAY be
ignored by the service. For example a client might request registration under
the policy identifier http://example.com/policy/high-security corresponding
to a high assurance issuance policy but the returned key binding might
specify the policy identifier http://example.com/policy/low-security
corresponding to a low assurance issuance policy instead.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_280" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_280"
class="markParagraph">[280]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> element extends the <span
class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> with the following additional
elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;ValidityInterval&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;[Optional]</dt>
      <dd>The suggested time interval for which the key binding relationship
        is valid.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;RevocationCodeIdentifier&gt;</span>
    [Optional]</dt>
      <dd>Specifies a value to be used to validate a <span
        class="ID">RevocationCode</span> value in a subsequent Revocation
        request</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_281" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_281"
class="markParagraph">[281]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span>element and <span
class="ID">PrototypeKeyBindingType</span>:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- PrototypeKeyBinding --&gt;
   &lt;element name="PrototypeKeyBinding" type="xkms:PrototypeKeyBindingType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="PrototypeKeyBindingType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:KeyBindingAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ValidityInterval" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RevocationCodeIdentifier" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /PrototypeKeyBinding --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_2">7.1.2</a> <a
name="ElementRevocationCodeIdentifier"
id="ElementRevocationCodeIdentifier">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCodeIdentifier&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_282" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_282"
class="markParagraph">[282]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCodeIdentifier&gt;</span> element contains a MAC
output value encoded as a base64 string.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_283" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_283"
class="markParagraph">[283]</a>The default MAC algorithm used is HMAC-SHA1.
Other MAC algorithms MAY be used provided that the client is advised that the
service accepts such algorithms by means of an out of band mechanism such as
a Web Service description or policy mechanism.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_284" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_284"
class="markParagraph">[284]</a>On initial registration the <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCodeIdentifier&gt;</span> value is obtained by first
performing the MAC calculation on the pass phrase value, then performing a
second MAC calculation on the result.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_285" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_285"
class="markParagraph">[285]</a>To prove knowledge of the pass phrase in a
subsequent revocation request the <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCode&gt;</span> value is obtained by performing the
MAC calculation on the pass phrase value.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_286" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_286"
class="markParagraph">[286]</a>The double MAC calculation ensures that the
<font face="Courier">&lt;RevocationCode&gt;</font> value may be sent as
plaintext without the risk of disclosing a value which might have been used
by the end-user as a password in another context. A second advantage of
employing the double MAC calculation is that it ensures XKMS service does not
place arbitrary constraints on the length of or character set in which the
pass phrase is encoded.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_287" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_287"
class="markParagraph">[287]</a>Details of the MAC output value calculation
are provided in the section <a href="#sharedsecret">Cryptographic Algorithm
Specific Parameters</a> below.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_288" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_288"
class="markParagraph">[288]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCodeIdentifier&gt;</span> element and the <span
class="ID">RevocationCodeIdentifierType</span>type:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RevocationCodeIdentifier --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RevocationCodeIdentifier" 
         type="xkms:RevocationCodeIdentifierType"/&gt;
   &lt;simpleType name="RevocationCodeIdentifierType"&gt;
      &lt;restriction base="base64Binary"/&gt;
   &lt;/simpleType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RevocationCodeIdentifier --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_3">7.1.3</a> <a name="ElementAuthentication"
id="ElementAuthentication">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;Authentication&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_289" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_289"
class="markParagraph">[289]</a>The&nbsp;<span
class="ID">&lt;Authentication&gt;</span> element is used to authenticate the
key binding element within an XKRSS request. This may be a&nbsp; &lt;<span
class="ID">PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span>, <span
class="ID">&lt;ReissueKeyBinding</span>&gt;, <span
class="ID">&lt;RevokeKeyBinding</span>&gt; or <span
class="ID">&lt;RecoverKeyBinding</span>&gt; element depending on the type of
request.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>Authentication of the key binding by means of a signature using a
        previously established key.</dd>
    <dt><span
    class="ID"><b>&lt;NotBoundAuthentication&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Optional]</dt>
      <dd>Plaintext data used to authenticate the registration request that
        is not bound to the key binding.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_290" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_290"
class="markParagraph">[290]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;Authentication&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- Authentication --&gt;
   &lt;element name="Authentication" type="xkms:AuthenticationType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="AuthenticationType"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:KeyBindingAuthentication" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:NotBoundAuthentication" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /Authentication --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_4">7.1.4</a> <a
name="ElementKeyBindingAuthentication"
id="ElementKeyBindingAuthentication">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_291" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_291"
class="markParagraph">[291]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;</span> element: contains a XML
Signature <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> element that is used to
authenticate the request using a previously established key.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;ds:Signature&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>An XML Signature <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> element that
        contains a signature over the <span
        class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding</span>&gt; or &lt;<span
        class="ID">PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> element.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_292" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_292"
class="markParagraph">[292]</a>The XML signature <a
href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> is generated as a detached signature using the
Id attribute specified in <span class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> to
specify the signature scope.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_293" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_293"
class="markParagraph">[293]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;KeyBindingAuthentication&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- KeyBindingAuthentication --&gt;
   &lt;element name="KeyBindingAuthentication" 
         type="xkms:KeyBindingAuthenticationType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="KeyBindingAuthenticationType"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="ds:Signature"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /KeyBindingAuthentication --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_5"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_5">7.1.5</a> <a
name="ElementNotBoundAuthentication"
id="ElementNotBoundAuthentication">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;NotBoundAuthentication&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_294" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_294"
class="markParagraph">[294]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;NotBoundAuthentication&gt;</span> contains a plaintext limited
use shared secret that is used to authenticate the request.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>Protocol</b></span> <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>A URI specifying the authentication protocol used</dd>
    <dt><b>Value [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>The plaintext limited use shared secret data encoded in base64
        format.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_295" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_295"
class="markParagraph">[295]</a>The specification of protocol URIs is outside
the scope of this document.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_296" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_296"
class="markParagraph">[296]</a>This element is provided to support
applications in which the authentication scheme requires the server to have
plaintext access to the authentication data. The authentication data is not
securely bound to the request and thus the element MUST NOT be employed
except in circumstances where the message or transport protocol provides
adequate protection of both confidentiality and integrity.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_297" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_297"
class="markParagraph">[297]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;NotBoundAuthentication&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- NotBoundAuthentication --&gt;
   &lt;element name="NotBoundAuthentication" 
         type="xkms:NotBoundAuthenticationType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="NotBoundAuthenticationType"&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Protocol" type="anyURI" use="required"/&gt;
      &lt;attribute name="Value" type="base64Binary" use="required"/&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /NotBoundAuthentication --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_6"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_6">7.1.6</a> <a name="ElementProofOfPossession"
id="ElementProofOfPossession">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ProofOfPossession&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_298" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_298"
class="markParagraph">[298]</a>The <span
class="ID">&lt;ProofOfPossession&gt;</span> element contains a XML Signature
<a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> element. The signature scope is the <span
class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> using the public key that is to
be registered. The private key component of the public key contained within
the <span class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> is used to generate
the signature.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;ds:Signature&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>An XML Signature <a href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> element that
        contains a detached signature over the <span
        class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> element. The signing
        key is the key identified by the <span class="ID">ds:KeyInfo</span>
        element within the <span
        class="ID">&lt;PrototypeKeyBinding&gt;</span> element.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_299" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_299"
class="markParagraph">[299]</a>The XML signature <a
href="#XML-SIG">[XML-SIG]</a> is generated as a detached signature using the
Id attribute specified in <span class="ID">KeyBindingAbstractType</span> to
specify the signature scope.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_300" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_300"
class="markParagraph">[300]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">ProofOfPossession</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ProofOfPossession --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ProofOfPossession" type="xkms:ProofOfPossessionType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="ProofOfPossessionType"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="ds:Signature"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ProofOfPossession --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_7"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_7">7.1.7</a> <a name="ElementPrivateKey"
id="ElementPrivateKey">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;PrivateKey&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_301" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_301"
class="markParagraph">[301]</a> The <span class="ID">&lt;</span><span
class="ID">PrivateKey&gt;</span> element contains the encrypted private key
parameters returned by the service in a response to a registration request
with server generated keys or a response to a successful recovery request.</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;xenc:EncryptedData&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>The encrypted private key data</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_302" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_302"
class="markParagraph">[302]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">PrivateKey&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- PrivateKey --&gt;
   &lt;element name="PrivateKey" type="xkms:PrivateKeyType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="PrivateKeyType"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xenc:EncryptedData"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /PrivateKey --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_8"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_1_8">7.1.8</a> <a name="ElementRevocationCode"
id="ElementRevocationCode">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCode&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_303" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_303"
class="markParagraph">[303]</a> The <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCode&gt;</span> element contains a MAC output value
encoded as a base64 string.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_304" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_304"
class="markParagraph">[304]</a>The default MAC algorithm used is HMAC-SHA1.
Other MAC algorithms MAY be used provided that the client is advised that the
service accepts such algorithms by means of an out of band mechanism such as
a Web Service description or policy mechanism.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_305" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_305"
class="markParagraph">[305]</a>On initial registration the <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCodeIdentifier&gt;</span> value is obtained by first
performing the MAC calculation on the pass phrase value, then performing a
second MAC calculation on the result.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_306" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_306"
class="markParagraph">[306]</a>To prove knowledge of the pass phrase in a
subsequent revocation request the <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCode&gt;</span> value is obtained by performing the
MAC calculation on the pass phrase value.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_307" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_307"
class="markParagraph">[307]</a> Details of the MAC output value calculation
are provided in the section <a href="#sharedsecret">Cryptographic Algorithm
Specific Parameters</a> below.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_308" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_308"
class="markParagraph">[308]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;RevocationCode&gt;</span> element and the <span
class="ID">RevocationCodeType</span>:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RevocationCode --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RevocationCode" type="xkms:RevocationCodeType"/&gt;
   &lt;simpleType name="RevocationCodeType"&gt;
      &lt;restriction base="base64Binary"/&gt;
   &lt;/simpleType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RevocationCode --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_2">7.2</a>
<a name="RegisterOP" id="RegisterOP">Register</a></h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_2_1">7.2.1</a>Register Request <a
name="ElementRegisterRequest" id="ElementRegisterRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RegisterRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_309" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_309"
class="markParagraph">[309]</a>The register request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RegisterRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element that contains the following elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;</b>PrototypeKeyBinding<b>&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>Specifies elements that the client requests be registered.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Authentication&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>Information that authenticates the request.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;ProofOfPossesion&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>Proof of possession of the private key component of the key
      binding.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_310" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_310"
class="markParagraph">[310]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RegisterRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RegisterRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RegisterRequest" type="xkms:RegisterRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RegisterRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:PrototypeKeyBinding"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:Authentication"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ProofOfPossession" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RegisterRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_2_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_2_2">7.2.2</a>Register Response <a
name="ElementRegisterResult" id="ElementRegisterResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RegisterResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_311" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_311"
class="markParagraph">[311]</a>The register response message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RegisterResult</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element that contains the following elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Any number]</b></dt>
      <dd>If present specifies the key binding that was registered by the
        service</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;PrivateKey&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>The values of the private key parameters of a private key generated
        by the registration service</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_312" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_312"
class="markParagraph">[312]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RegisterResult</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RegisterResult --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RegisterResult" type="xkms:RegisterResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RegisterResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:KeyBinding" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:PrivateKey" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RegisterResult --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_3" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_3">7.3</a>
<a name="ReissueOP" id="ReissueOP">Reissue</a></h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_3_1">7.3.1</a>Reissue Request <a
name="ElementReissueRequest" id="ElementReissueRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ReissueRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_313" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_313"
class="markParagraph">[313]</a>The reissue request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">ReissueRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element that contains the following elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;ReissueKeyBinding<b>&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>Identifies the key binding to be reissued</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Authentication&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>Information that authenticates the request.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;ProofOfPossesion&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>Proof of possession of the private key component of the key
      binding.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_314" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_314"
class="markParagraph">[314]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">ReissueRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> and <span class="ID">&lt;ReissueKeyBinding&gt;</span>
elements:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ReissueRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ReissueRequest" type="xkms:ReissueRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="ReissueRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ReissueKeyBinding"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:Authentication"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:ProofOfPossession" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;element name="ReissueKeyBinding" type="xkms:KeyBindingType"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ReissueRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_3_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_3_2">7.3.2</a>Reissue Response <a
name="ElementReissueResult" id="ElementReissueResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;ReissueResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_315" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_315"
class="markParagraph">[315]</a>The reissue response message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">ReissueResult</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element that contains the following element:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</b></span>&nbsp;&nbsp; [Any
    Number]</dt>
      <dd>If present specifies the key binding(s) that were reissued by the
        service</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_316" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_316"
class="markParagraph">[316]</a>&nbsp;The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">ReissueResult</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- ReissueResult --&gt;
   &lt;element name="ReissueResult" type="xkms:ReissueResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="ReissueResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:KeyBinding" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /ReissueResult --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_4" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_4">7.4</a>
<a name="RevokeOP" id="RevokeOP">Revoke</a></h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_4_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_4_1">7.4.1</a>Revoke Request <a
name="ElementRevokeRequest" id="ElementRevokeRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RevokeRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_317" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_317"
class="markParagraph">[317]</a>The revoke request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RevokeRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element that contains the following elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;RevokeKeyBinding&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Required]</dt>
      <dd>Identifies the key binding to be revoked.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Authentication&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Choice]</b></dt>
      <dd>Information that authenticates the request.</dd>
    <dt>&lt;<span class="ID">RevocationCode&gt;</span>[Choice]</dt>
      <dd>The revocation code value that generates the revocation code
        identifier value specified during registration</dd>
      <dd>&nbsp;</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_318" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_318"
class="markParagraph">[318]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RevokeRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> and <span class="ID">&lt;RevokeKeyBinding&gt;</span>
elements:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RevokeRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RevokeRequest" type="xkms:RevokeRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RevokeRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RevokeKeyBinding"/&gt;
               &lt;choice&gt;
                  &lt;element ref="xkms:Authentication"/&gt;
                  &lt;element ref="xkms:RevocationCode"/&gt;
               &lt;/choice&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
      &lt;element name="RevokeKeyBinding" type="xkms:KeyBindingType"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RevokeRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_4_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_4_2">7.4.2</a>Revoke Response <a
name="ElementRevokeResult" id="ElementRevokeResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RevokeResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_319" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_319"
class="markParagraph">[319]</a>The request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RevokeResult</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element that contains the following element:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</b></span> <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Any Number]</b></dt>
      <dd>If present specifies the key binding that was revoked by the
      service</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_320" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_320"
class="markParagraph">[320]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RevokeResult</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span>:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RevokeResult --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RevokeResult" type="xkms:RevokeResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RevokeResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:KeyBinding" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RevokeResult --&gt;</pre>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_5" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_5">7.5</a>
<a name="RecoverOP" id="RecoverOP">Recover</a></h2>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_5_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_5_1">7.5.1</a>Recover Request <a
name="ElementRecoverRequest" id="ElementRecoverRequest">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RecoverRequest&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_321" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_321"
class="markParagraph">[321]</a>The recover request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RecoverRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> element that contains the following elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;RecoverKeyBinding&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Required]</dt>
      <dd>Identifies the key binding to be recovered.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Authentication&gt;</b></span>
    <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Required]</b></dt>
      <dd>Information that authenticates the request.</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_322" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_322"
class="markParagraph">[322]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;</span><span class="ID">RecoverRequest</span><span
class="ID">&gt;</span> and <span class="ID">&lt;RecoverKeyBinding&gt;</span>
elements:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RecoverRequest --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RecoverRequest" type="xkms:RecoverRequestType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RecoverRequestType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:RequestAbstractType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:RecoverKeyBinding"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:Authentication"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
      &lt;element name="RecoverKeyBinding" type="xkms:KeyBindingType"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RecoverRequest --&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_5_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_7_5_2">7.5.2</a>Recover Response <a
name="ElementRecoverResult" id="ElementRecoverResult">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RecoverResult&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_323" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_323"
class="markParagraph">[323]</a>The request message contains a <span
class="ID">&lt;RecoverResult&gt;</span> element that contains the following
elements:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID">&lt;KeyBinding&gt;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Any Number]</dt>
      <dd>May be present to advertise a change to the status of the key
        binding made as a result of the key recovery.</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;PrivateKey&gt;</b></span> <b>&nbsp;&nbsp;
    [Optional]</b></dt>
      <dd>The values of the private key parameters of the recovered private
        key</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_324" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_324"
class="markParagraph">[324]</a>The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;RecoverResult&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RecoverResult --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RecoverResult" type="xkms:RecoverResultType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RecoverResultType"&gt;
      &lt;complexContent&gt;
         &lt;extension base="xkms:ResultType"&gt;
            &lt;sequence&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:KeyBinding" minOccurs="0" 
                     maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
               &lt;element ref="xkms:PrivateKey" minOccurs="0"/&gt;
            &lt;/sequence&gt;
         &lt;/extension&gt;
      &lt;/complexContent&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RecoverResult --&gt;</pre>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8">8</a> <a
name="CryptographicAlgorithmSpecificParameters"
id="CryptographicAlgorithmSpecificParameters">Cryptographic Algorithm
Specific Parameters</a></h1>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_1">8.1</a>
<a name="sharedsecret" id="sharedsecret">Use of Limited-Use Shared Secret
Data</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_325" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_325"
class="markParagraph">[325]</a>It is frequently necessary or desirable to use
a limited use shared secret for authentication (i.e. a one time use PIN or
pass phrase) to authenticate registration request messages. In particular a
private key cannot be used for authentication until the corresponding public
key has been registered.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_326" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_326"
class="markParagraph">[326]</a>In addition it is desirable that private key
parameters generated or recovered by the registration service be returned
encrypted. It is convenient to use symmetric data for this purpose.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_327" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_327"
class="markParagraph">[327]</a>Since human users are the most demanding in
terms of interface requirements the handling of symmetric key data is
designed for the needs of clients supporting human users directly. Symmetric
keying data is typically issued to a human user in the form of a text string
which may in some circumstances be read over a telephone line. The
authentication data itself MAY be randomly generated and represent an
underlying numeric value, or MAY be a password or phrase. In either case it
is most convenient to present the value to the human user as a string of
characters in a character set the particular user understands.</p>
<ul>
  <li>All shared string values are encoded as XML</li>
  <li>All space and control characters are removed.</li>
  <li>All upper case characters in the Latin-1 alphabet (A-Z) are converted
    to lower case.</li>
  <li>No other characters, including accented characters are converted</li>
</ul>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_328" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_328"
class="markParagraph">[328]</a>Applications MUST ensure that the limited use
shared secret data contains sufficient entropy to prevent dictionary attacks.
For more details see the&nbsp; more detailed comment in the <a
href="#limitedusesecurity">security considerations section</a> of this
document.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_329" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_329"
class="markParagraph">[329]</a>Keying material is derived from the shared
string using a MAC function.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_330" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_330"
class="markParagraph">[330]</a>The default MAC algorithm used is HMAC-SHA1.
Other MAC algorithms MAY be used provided that the client is advised that the
service accepts such algorithms by means of an out of band mechanism such as
a Web Service description or policy mechanism.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_331" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_331"
class="markParagraph">[331]</a>Different MAC keying values are used according
to the use of the symmetric key derived as follows:</p>

<div class="center">

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" width="18%">Value</th>
      <th valign="top" width="81%">Application</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="18%" align="center">0x1</td>
      <td valign="top" width="81%">Authentication</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="18%" align="center">0x2</td>
      <td valign="top" width="81%">Encoding of <span
        class="ID">RevocationCodeIdentifier</span> - Pass 1</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="18%" align="center">0x3</td>
      <td valign="top" width="81%">Encoding of <span
        class="ID">RevocationCodeIdentifier</span> - Pass 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" width="18%" align="center">0x4</td>
      <td valign="top" width="81%">Encryption of <span
        class="ID">PrivateKey</span> data</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_332" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_332"
class="markParagraph">[332]</a>If the output of the MAC function provides
more keying material than is required for a cryptographic operation (i.e.
encryption, MAC), the lowest significant bits are used.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_333" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_333"
class="markParagraph">[333]</a>If the output of the MAC function provides
less keying material than is required additional keying material is obtained
as follows:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_334" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_334"
  class="markParagraph">[334]</a>block<sub>0</sub> = MAC (converted, key)</p>

  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_335" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_335"
  class="markParagraph">[335]</a>block<sub>n+1</sub> = MAC (converted, key
  XOR block<sub>n</sub>)</p>

  <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_336" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_336"
  class="markParagraph">[336]</a>output = block<sub>0</sub> +
  block<sub>1</sub> ...&nbsp; block<sub>n</sub></p>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_337" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_337"
class="markParagraph">[337]</a>i.e. the first MAC output value is used to
supply the least significant bits of keying material. A second MAC output
value is then obtained by applying the MAC function to the converted string
again, this time the MAC keying value is obtained by XOR-ing the first output
with the previous keying value. This process may be repeated as many times as
necessary to produce a sufficient amount of keying material.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_2" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_2">8.2</a>
<a name="privatekeyparameters" id="privatekeyparameters">Private Key
Parameters</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_338" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_338"
class="markParagraph">[338]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;PrivateKey&gt;</span>
element may contain the private key parameters for any public key encryption
algorithm. The parameters for the RSA algorithm are specified below.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_339" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_339"
class="markParagraph">[339]</a>This specification does not specify private
key parameters for the DSA signature algorithm since the algorithm only
supports signature modes and so the application of server generated keys and
key recovery is of limited value.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_8_2_1">8.2.1</a> <a name="ElementRSAKeyPair"
id="ElementRSAKeyPair">Element <span
class="ID">&lt;RSAKeyPair&gt;</span></a></h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_340" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_340"
class="markParagraph">[340]</a>The <span class="ID">&lt;RSAKeyPair&gt;</span>
element specifies the public and private parameters of an RSA key pair. The
contents of the RSAKeyPair element are specified in [PKCS1]. The <span
class="ID">RSAKeyPair&gt;</span> element contains the following
parameters:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Modulus&gt;</b></span> (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The modulus</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Exponent&gt;</b></span> (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The public exponent</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b><span class="ID">&lt;P&gt;</span></b></span>
    (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The first factor, a positive integer</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;Q&gt;</b></span> (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The second factor, a positive integer</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;DP&gt;</b></span> (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The first factor's CRT exponent, a positive integer</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;DQ&gt;</b></span> (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The second factor's CRT exponent, a positive integer</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;InverseQ&gt;</b></span> (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The (first) CRT coefficient, a positive integer</dd>
    <dt><span class="ID"><b>&lt;D&gt;</b></span> (Required)</dt>
      <dd>The private exponent</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_341" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_341"
class="markParagraph">[341]</a>&nbsp;The following schema defines the <span
class="ID">&lt;RSAKeyPair&gt;</span> element:</p>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Code">   &lt;!-- RSAKeyPair --&gt;
   &lt;element name="RSAKeyValue" type="xkms:RSAKeyValueType"/&gt;
   &lt;complexType name="RSAKeyValueType"&gt;
      &lt;sequence&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:Modulus"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:Exponent"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:P"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:Q"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:DP"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:DQ"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:InverseQ"/&gt;
         &lt;element ref="xkms:D"/&gt;
      &lt;/sequence&gt;
   &lt;/complexType&gt;
   &lt;element name="Modulus" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="Exponent" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="P" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="Q" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="DP" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="DQ" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="InverseQ" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;element name="D" type="ds:CryptoBinary"/&gt;
   &lt;!-- /RSAKeyPair --&gt;</pre>

<h1 dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_9"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_9">9</a> <a name="Conformance"
id="Conformance">Conformance</a></h1>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_342"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_342" class="markParagraph">[342]</a>The section
describes features and operations that XKMS applications whose support is
either required or recommended to ensure interoperability of XKMS
services.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_343"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_343" class="markParagraph">[343]</a>As such the
conformance requirements fall on message recipients rather than message
senders, although a sender SHOULD NOT send a message unless it is known that
it will be accepted by the recipient.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_344"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_344" class="markParagraph">[344]</a>The following
table specifies the conformance requirements of XKMS as REQUIRED,.
RECOMMENDED or OPTIONAL as follows:</p>
<ul dir="ltr">
  <li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_345"
    id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_345" class="markParagraph">[345]</a>If support
    for a feature is specified as REQUIRED a conforming XKMS implementation
    MUST support the use of that feature in a message sent by another XKMS
    implementation.</p>
  </li>
  <li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_346"
    id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_346" class="markParagraph">[346]</a>If support
    for a feature is specified as RECOMMENDED a conforming XKMS
    implementation SHOULD support the use of that feature if used by another
    XKMS implementation.</p>
  </li>
  <li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_347"
    id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_347" class="markParagraph">[347]</a>If support
    for a feature is specified as OPTIONAL, XKMS implementations SHOULD NOT
    send messages requiring support for that feature.</p>
  </li>
</ul>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_348"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_348" class="markParagraph">[348]</a>Some features
as specified as REQUIRED* or RECOMMENDED*. This signifies that the condition
holds if another feature is supported. For example an XKMS Locate service is
not required to support XML Signature. If however XML Signature is supported
the use of Exclusive Canonicalization MUST be supported.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_349"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_349" class="markParagraph">[349]</a>One feature is
specified as RECOMMENDED +. This signifies that even though this feature can
only be used at the request of the client it is strongly recommended that the
client request use of this feature since a service is likely to require it
for the response to be successful.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_350"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_350" class="markParagraph">[350]</a>Where a
service supports a feature that is advertised as OPTIONAL it is recommended
that the service advertise this feature by means of a Web Service description
mechanism. For example an XKMS service that supports the use of a transport
encoding other than HTTP SHOULD advertise that fact.</p>

<p dir="ltr"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_351"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_351" class="markParagraph">[351]</a>Implementers
should note that these requirements may change in future versions of the XKMS
specification. For example it is likely that future versions of the XKMS
specification will make the then current version of the SOAP specification a
requirement.</p>

<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
id="AutoNumber3" dir="ltr">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Feature</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Operations</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Requirement Level</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Comments</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" rowspan="4" dir="ltr">Operation Support</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Locate</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Services SHOULD support retrieval of their
        own credential by means of the Locate operation with the XKMS
        protocol URI.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">One Operation REQUIRED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">A conforming XKMS service MUST support at
        least one XKMS operation, that is there MUST be at least one possible
        input that results in the result <span class="ID">Success</span>.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Compound</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">OPTIONAL</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">See note for Status operation support.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Status</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED*</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Services SHOULD support status operations if
        asynchronous processing and compound requests are also supported</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Operation Response</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">REQUIRED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">A conforming XKMS service MUST accept any
        valid XKMS request sent to it and be capable of responding to the
        request with a correctly formatted XKMS result. If a service does not
        support an operation it MUST respond to all requests for a particular
        operation with the result <span class="ID">Sender</span>.<span
        class="ID">MessageNotSupported</span>.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4" align="center" dir="ltr"><b>Response
        Mechanisms</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Feature</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Operations</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Requirement Level</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Comments</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Synchronous Response</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">REQUIRED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">A conforming XKMS service MUST be capable of
        returning an immediate response to any XKMS request.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" rowspan="4" dir="ltr">Asynchronous Response

        <p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_352"
        class="markParagraph">[352]</a></p>
      </td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Register, Reissue, Recover</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED+</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Processing of certain XKRSS operations may
        require manual intervention by an operator in certain circumstances.
        It is therefore recommended that clients support the use of
        asynchronous processing with these operations unless it is known that
        all requests will be serviced immediately.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Compound</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Services that support Compound Operations
        SHOULD support compound requests</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Locate, Validate,<br />
        Revoke</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">OPTIONAL</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Services MAY support Asynchronous responses
        be supported on these operations</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Pending,<br />
        Status</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">PROHIBITED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">A client MAY offer asynchronous processing
        of Pending and Status operations however a service MUST NOT return a
        pending response.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Two-Phase Request</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED+</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Clients SHOULD support use of the two phase
        request protocol. The additional complexity of implementing the two
        phase protocol is not high and allows a service to provide a response
        even in cases where it is under a denial of service attack.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4" align="center" dir="ltr"><b>Protocol
        Encapsulation</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Feature</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Operations</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Requirement Level</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Comments</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">HTTP Transport</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">REQUIRED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Services MUST support the use of HTTP
        transport</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">SOAP 1.1 Transport</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">REQUIRED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Services MUST support the use of SOAP 1.1
        encapsulation</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">SOAP 1.2 Transport</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Services SHOULD support the use of SOAP 1.2
        encapsulation</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" colspan="4" align="center" dir="ltr"><b>Security
        Enhancements</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Feature</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Operations</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Requirement Level</th>
      <th valign="top" dir="ltr">Comments</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" rowspan="2" dir="ltr">No Security</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Locate</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">REQUIRED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">[Others]</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Payload Authentication I</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Payload Authentication II</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">TLS Binding I</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">TLS Binding II</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">TLS Binding III</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">RECOMMENDED</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">Exclusive Canonicalization</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">All</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">REQUIRED*</td>
      <td valign="top" dir="ltr">If XML Signature is used, Exclusive
        Canonicalization MUST be supported.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<h1><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10">10</a> <a
name="SecurityConsiderations" id="SecurityConsiderations">Security
Considerations</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_353" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_353"
class="markParagraph">[353]</a>Implementations SHOULD consider the following
security issues.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_1">10.1</a> <a name="ReplayAttacks"
id="ReplayAttacks">Replay Attacks</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_354" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_354"
class="markParagraph">[354]</a>Implementations SHOULD ensure that replay of a
previous XKMS response is not possible.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_355" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_355"
class="markParagraph">[355]</a>The precise mechanism by which replay attacks
are prevented is left to the implementation. For example generic mechanism
built into the object exchange protocol if specified MAY be used.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_356" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_356"
class="markParagraph">[356]</a>A generally applicable means of preventing a
replay attack is to place a token in each message that demonstrates to the
recipient that the message is 'fresh', for example:</p>
<ul type="disc">
  <li>A message origination time that the recipient verifies by checking that
    it is sufficiently recent.</li>
  <li>A nonce, that is a piece of random data that was previously issued by
    the user.</li>
  <li>A message serial number</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_2">10.2</a> <a name="DenialofService"
id="DenialofService">Denial of Service</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_357" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_357"
class="markParagraph">[357]</a>XKMS Services SHOULD take measures to prevent
or mitigate denial of service attacks. In particular XKMS Services SHOULD NOT
perform an unlimited number of resource intensive operations unless the
request comes from an authenticated source. Potentially resource intensive
operations include:</p>
<ul>
  <li>CPU intensive cryptographic operations, including signature
    verification and key exchange.</li>
  <li>Resolution of URLs.</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_3">10.3</a> <a name="RecoveryPolicy"
id="RecoveryPolicy">Recovery Policy</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_358" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_358"
class="markParagraph">[358]</a>Key recovery policy is left as an
implementation decision.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_359" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_359"
class="markParagraph">[359]</a>Depending on the implementation and
application, a key recovery operation might involve an unacceptable loss of
confidence in the security of a private key component. This may lead to the
possibility of repudiation of a signed document or of accountability in the
case of an encrypted document.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_360" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_360"
class="markParagraph">[360]</a>Services SHOULD carefully assess the extent to
which a recovery operation compromises a private key and apply sufficient
controls such as the revocation of the underlying key binding as
appropriate.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_4">10.4</a> <a name="limitedusesecurity"
id="limitedusesecurity">Security of Limited Use Shared Secret</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_361" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_361"
class="markParagraph">[361]</a>If a limited use shared secret is used care
must be taken to ensure that the secret has sufficient entropy that the
probability of guessing by an attacker is tolerably low. Particular care must
be taken if a limited use shared secret is used to encrypt a service
generated private key since the transported private key might be subject to a
dictionary attack. Applications SHOULD enforce the following minimum entropy
values for the shared secret:</p>

<blockquote>
  <dl>
    <dt>Registration of Client Generated Key</dt>
      <dd>The shared secret SHOULD contain a minimum of 32 bits of entropy if
        the service implements measures to prevent guessing of the shared
        secret and a minimum of 128 bits of entropy otherwise.</dd>
    <dt>Registration of Service Generated Key</dt>
      <dd>The shared secret SHOULD have a minimum of 128 bits of entropy</dd>
  </dl>
</blockquote>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_5"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_5">10.5</a> <a
name="ConfidentialityofOpaqueClientData"
id="ConfidentialityofOpaqueClientData">Confidentiality of Opaque Client
Data</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_362" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_362"
class="markParagraph">[362]</a>Clients SHOULD NOT send confidential or
privacy sensitive data to an XKMS Service as Opaque Data unless it is
encrypted such that it is not disclosed to the service.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_363" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_363"
class="markParagraph">[363]</a>Examples of confidential data include internal
program indices such as pointers which might permit a malicious party with
access to an XKMS service or its audit logs to perform an attack based on
knowledge of the internal state of the client.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_6"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_6">10.6</a> <a
name="SecurityofNotBoundAuthenticationData"
id="SecurityofNotBoundAuthenticationData">Security of Not Bound
Authentication Data</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_364" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_364"
class="markParagraph">[364]</a>If a service supports the use of
authentication using the &lt;NotBoundAuthentication&gt; element, controls
MUST be employed to ensure the confidentiality of the authentication data and
to ensure that the &lt;NotBoundAuthentication&gt; is bound to the request.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_365" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_365"
class="markParagraph">[365]</a>This MAY be a message level or transport level
protocol that protects <i>both</i> encryption <i>and integrity</i> such as
TLS [RFC-2246]. Note that merely encrypting the shared secret <i>does not
provide adequate security</i> since the <span
class="ID">&lt;PassPhraseAuth&gt;</span> element is not cryptographically
bound to the message.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_7"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_7">10.7</a> <a name="SignatureOracle"
id="SignatureOracle">Signature Oracle</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_366" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_366"
class="markParagraph">[366]</a>Web Services that provide signed responses
SHOULD ensure that the requestor cannot solicit a predicted response, thus
providing a signing oracle. Such a signing oracle might provide a direct
compromise for the key under a different protocol or allow a weakness in the
signature or digest algorithm employed to be exploited.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_367" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_367"
class="markParagraph">[367]</a>Response messages should include at least as
much randomly chosen data as the output of the digest algorithm used to
create the signature. For example a message signed using RSA and SHA-1 should
contain at least 160 bits of random data.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_8"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_8">10.8</a> <a name="Privacy"
id="Privacy">Privacy</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_368" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_368"
class="markParagraph">[368]</a>An XKMS service MAY solicit data which is
subject to privacy concerns. In certain circumstances management of such data
MAY be subject to government regulation, corporate policies or contractual
obligations. Deployments SHOULD consider whether the information they collect
is subject to such concerns and if necessary deploy a privacy notification
mechanism such as P3P <a href="#P3P">[P3P]</a>.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_9"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_9">10.9</a> <a name="SecurityofthePrivateKey"
id="SecurityofthePrivateKey">Security of the Private Key</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_369" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_369"
class="markParagraph">[369]</a>Implementations MUST ensure that in cases
where a private key is generated by the service, the information used to
encrypt the private key data is adequately protected. In particular if an
authentication pass phrase exchanged out of band is used to encrypt the
private key the implementation MUST ensure that the out of band communication
mechanism adequately protects the confidentiality of the pass phrase.</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_370" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_370"
class="markParagraph">[370]</a>It is recommended that implementations make
use of TLS or an in-band key exchange mechanism to protect the private key in
the case that the authentication pass phrase is disclosed.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_10"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_10_10">10.10</a> <a
name="MessageLengthDisclosureVulnerabilities"
id="MessageLengthDisclosureVulnerabilities">Message Length Disclosure
Vulnerabilities</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_371" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_371"
class="markParagraph">[371]</a>In certain circumstances the length of an
encrypted response MAY reveal information that is useful to an attacker. For
example a short message might indicate that a request was refused.
Deployments SHOULD consider whether such disclosures might result in
compromise of confidential information.</p>

<h1 class="appendix"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_A"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_A">Appendix A</a> <a name="Schemas"
id="Schemas">Schemas</a></h1>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_A_1" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_A_1">A.1</a>
<a name="XKMSSchema" id="XKMSSchema">XKMS Schema</a></h2>
The collected schema is available at <a
href="Schemas/xkms.xsd">Schemas/xkms.xsd</a> .<!-- include class="Code" source="Schemas/xkms.xsd"></include -->


<h1 class="appendix"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_B"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_B">Appendix B</a><a
name="ServiceLocationConfiguration" id="ServiceLocationConfiguration">Service
Location Configuration</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_372" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_372"
class="markParagraph">[372]</a>In many instances it is desirable to advertise
the existence of an XKMS service in some form of discovery protocol. This
appendix describes specific means of advertising the existence of XKMS
services in the Internet Domain Name Service (DNS).</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_B_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_B_1">B.1</a><a name="DomainNameService"
id="DomainNameService">Domain Name Service</a> (DNS)</h2>

<p class="appendix"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_373"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_373" class="markParagraph">[373]</a>The provision
of an XKMS service that provides information on key information bound to DNS
addresses in a specified DNS zone MAY be advertised by means of the DNS SRV
record <a href="#RFC-2782">[RFC 2782]</a>. An SRV record contains the
following data fields:</p>

<p class="appendix"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_374"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_374" class="markParagraph">[374]</a><span
class="ID">_<i>Service</i>._<i>Protocol</i>.<i>Name</i><i>TTL</i><i>Class</i><i>SRV</i><i>Priority</i><i>Weight</i><i>Port</i><i>Target</i></span></p>
<dl>
  <dt>Service</dt>
    <dd>The symbolic name of the desired service, as defined in Assigned
      Numbers [STD 2] or locally.&nbsp; An underscore (_) is prepended to the
      service identifier to avoid collisions with DNS labels that occur in
      nature.</dd>
  <dt>Protocol</dt>
    <dd>The symbolic name of the desired protocol, with an underscore (_)
      prepended to prevent collisions with DNS labels that occur in
    nature.</dd>
  <dt>Name</dt>
    <dd>The domain this RR refers to. The SRV RR is unique in that the name
      one searches for is not this name.</dd>
  <dt>TTL</dt>
    <dd>Standard DNS meaning [RFC 1035].</dd>
  <dt>Class</dt>
    <dd>Standard DNS meaning [RFC 1035]. SRV records occur in the IN
    Class.</dd>
  <dt>Priority</dt>
    <dd>The priority of this target host. A client MUST attempt to contact
      the target host with the lowest-numbered priority it can reach; target
      hosts with the same priority SHOULD be tried in an order defined by the
      weight field.</dd>
  <dt>Weight</dt>
    <dd>A server selection mechanism. The weight field specifies a relative
      weight for entries with the same priority. Larger weights SHOULD be
      given a proportionately higher probability of being selected. The range
      of this number is 0-65535.</dd>
  <dt>Port</dt>
    <dd>The port on this target host of this service. The range is 0-65535.
      This is a 16 bit unsigned integer in network byte order. This is often
      as specified in Assigned Numbers but need not be.</dd>
  <dt>Target</dt>
    <dd>The domain name of the target host. There MUST be one or more address
      records for this name, the name MUST NOT be an alias (in the sense of
      RFC 1034 or RFC 2181). Implementors are urged, but not required, to
      return the address record(s) in the Additional Data section. Unless and
      until permitted by future standards action, name compression is not to
      be used for this field.</dd>
</dl>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_375" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_375"
class="markParagraph">[375]</a>The following service values are defined:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>_XKMS_XKISS_SOAP_HTTP</dt>
    <dd>An XKMS service supporting the XKISS protocol in the SOAP binding
      using HTTP as the application layer transport. The Protocol value for
      this service is TCP.</dd>
  <dt>_XKMS_XKRSS_SOAP_HTTP</dt>
    <dd>An XKMS service supporting the XKRSS protocol in the SOAP binding
      using HTTP as the application layer transport. The Protocol value for
      this service is TCP.</dd>
</dl>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_376" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_376"
class="markParagraph">[376]</a>The publication of an SRV record in a DNS zone
that advertises an XKMS service is an affirmative statement by the operator
of the zone that the XKMS service indicated MAY be queried for information
concerning key information bound to protocol addresses within that zone. The
publication of an SRV record does not imply any undertaking on the part of
the part of the publisher to ensure that the information provided by the XKMS
service is accurate or trustworthy. Relying parties MUST therefore establish
the trustworthiness of any information they may receive from an XKMS service
discovered by means of an SRV record by other means, for example by
forwarding the data to an XKMS Validate service.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_B_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_B_1_1">B.1.1</a>Examples</h3>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_377" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_377"
class="markParagraph">[377]</a>The following SRV record advertises an XKMS
XKISS service on port 80 of border-xkms.example.com:</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_378" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_378"
class="markParagraph">[378]</a><span
class="ID">_XKMS_XKISS_SOAP_HTTP._TCP.example.com - IN 0 1 80
border-xkms.example.com</span></p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_379" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_379"
class="markParagraph">[379]</a>The following SRV record advertises three XKMS
XKISS services, main1, main2 and backup. Clients should direct requests to
main1 and main2 with equal priority. The service backup should only be
accessed if neither main1 or main2 is available:</p>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_380" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_380"
class="markParagraph">[380]</a><span
class="ID">_XKMS_XKISS_SOAP_HTTP._TCP.example.com - IN 0 50 80
main1.example.com<br />
_XKMS_XKISS_SOAP_HTTP._TCP.example.com - IN 0 50 80 main2.example.com<br />
_XKMS_XKISS_SOAP_HTTP._TCP.example.com - IN 1 1 80
backup.example.com</span></p>

<h1 class="appendix"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_C"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_C">Appendix C</a><a
id="SampleProtocolExchanges" name="SampleProtocolExchanges">Sample Protocol
Exchanges</a></h1>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_381" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_381"
class="markParagraph">[381]</a>For clarity the examples in the running text
omit certain details such as the message authentication signatures and SOAP
binding information. This section provides theses messages in full to
facilitate interoperability testing.</p>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1">C.1</a><a name="AuthenticationComputation"
id="AuthenticationComputation">Authentication Computation</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_382" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_382"
class="markParagraph">[382]</a>The calculation of the authentication values
used in the examples.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_1">C.1.1</a><a
name="AliceRegistrationAuthenticationKey"
id="AliceRegistrationAuthenticationKey">Alice Registration Authentication
Key</a></h3>
<dl>
  <dt>Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">024837</span></dd>
  <dt>Converted Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[30][32][34][38][33][37]</span></dd>
  <dt>Key = HMAC-SHA1 (Converted Authentication Data, 0x1)</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[d6][cc][34][cb][83][fa][e2][99]
      [3a][39][3a][a8][e7][de][9a][06] [c7][fa][2c][92]</span></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_2">C.1.2</a><a
name="BobRegistrationAuthenticationKey"
id="BobRegistrationAuthenticationKey">Bob Registration Authentication
Key</a></h3>
<dl>
  <dt>Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd>&nbsp;<span class="ID">3N9CJ-JK4JK-S04JF-W0934-JSR09-JWIK4</span></dd>
  <dt>Converted Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd>&nbsp;<span class="ID">[33][6e][39][63][6a][6b][34][6a]
      [6b][73][30][34][6a][66][77][30] [39][33][34][6a][73][72][30][39]
      [6a][77][69][6b][34]</span></dd>
  <dt>Key = HMAC-SHA1 (Converted Authentication Data, 0x1)</dt>
    <dd>&nbsp;<span class="ID">[2d][7d][34][d5][ba][69][6b][f3]
      [ea][c7][9f][fe][6d][b5][e7][e7] [99][46][a0][e3]</span></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_3">C.1.3</a><a
name="BobRegistrationPrivateKeyEncryption"
id="BobRegistrationPrivateKeyEncryption">Bob Registration Private Key
Encryption</a></h3>
<dl>
  <dt>Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">3N9CJ-K4JKS-04JWF-0934J-SR09JW-IK4</span></dd>
  <dt>Converted Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[33][6e][39][63][6a][6b][34][6a][6b][73][30][34][6a][66][77][30][39][33][34][6a][73][72][30][39][6a][77][69][6b][34]</span></dd>
  <dt>First Block = HMAC-SHA1 (Converted Authentication Data, 0x4)</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[82][6d][b2][12][44][89][22][a0][ef][83][da][23][d6][f1][ec][9a][03][03][5a][3e]</span></dd>
  <dt>Key = First Block XOR 0x4</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[86][6d][b2][12][44][89][22][a0][ef][83][da][23][d6][f1][ec][9a][03][03][5a][3e]</span></dd>
  <dt>Second Block = HMAC-SHA1 (Converted Authentication Data, Key)</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[6c][15][9b][39][ab][df][15][d4][7a][c6][1c][02][64][66][0d][ea][c5][62][4c][b3]</span></dd>
  <dt>Final Private Key</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[82][6d][b2][12][44][89][22][a0]
      [ef][83][da][23][d6][f1][ec][9a]
    [03][03][5a][3e][6c][15][9b][39]</span></dd>
</dl>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_383" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_383"
class="markParagraph">[383]</a>The private key is used to encrypt Bob's
private key as follows:</p>
<dl>
  <dt>Initialization Vector</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[1e][7a][76][dc][87][c1][f5][5a]</span></dd>
  <dt>PlainText</dt>
    <dd><font face="Courier">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?&gt;<br
      />
      &lt;RSAKeyPair xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt; ...<br />
      </font></dd>
  <dt>Plain Text</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[3c][3f][78][6d][6c][20][76][65]
      [72][73][69][6f][6e][3d][22][31] [2e][30][22][20][65][6e][63][6f]
      [64][69][6e][67][3d][22][75][74] [66][2d][31][36][22][3f][3e][0d]
      [0a][3c][52][53][41][4b][65][79] [50][61][69][72][20][78][6d][6c]
      [6e][73][3d][22][68][74][74][70] [3a][2f][2f][77][77][77][2e][77]
      [33][2e][6f][72][67][2f][32][30] [30][32][2f][30][33][2f][78][6b]
      ...<br />
      [69][72][3e][05][05][05][05][05]</span></dd>
  <dt>Cipher Text (with pre-pended Initialization Vector)</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[1e][7a][76][dc][87][c1][f5][5a]
      [6d][e5][fe][00][eb][7f][76][2e] [a9][37][fa][1f][98][f7][df][6b]
      [26][1a][62][7b][18][be][c5][71] [16][a2][41][35][9e][da][f4][67]
      [8a][b8][bb][7e][a1][47][2d][0f] [3e][60][14][4a][cf][09][6c][57]
      [45][56][2c][31][3e][12][63][e2] [79][79][9e][6c][16][f1][b6][64]
      [6f][42][a3][1b][fa][cb][7a][a6] [97][21][b1][94][c1][86][b6][e2]
      [55][5e][23][3b][c8][42][16][09]</span></dd>
    <dd><span class="ID">...<br />
      [23][b2][59][cb][5d][32][1d][48]</span></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_4"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_1_4">C.1.4</a><a
name="BobRecoveryPrivateKeyEncryption"
id="BobRecoveryPrivateKeyEncryption">Bob Recovery Private Key
Encryption</a></h3>
<dl>
  <dt>Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">A8YUT vuhhu c9h29 8y43u h9j3i 23</span></dd>
  <dt>Converted Authentication Data</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[61][38][79][75][74][76][75][68]
      [68][75][63][39][68][32][39][38] [79][34][33][75][68][39][6a][33]
      [69][32][33]</span></dd>
  <dt>Private Key</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">[91][8c][67][d8][bc][16][78][86]
      [dd][6d][39][19][91][c4][49][6f]
    [14][e2][61][33][8a][4a][d5][be]</span></dd>
</dl>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_2">C.2</a><a name="PassPhraseComputation"
id="PassPhraseComputation">Pass Phrase Computation</a></h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_384" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_384"
class="markParagraph">[384]</a>The calculation of the pass phrase values used
in the examples.</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_2_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_2_1">C.2.1</a><a name="AlicePassPhraseComputation"
id="AlicePassPhraseComputation">Alice Pass Phrase Computation</a></h3>
<dl>
  <dt>Pass Phrase</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">"Help I Have Revealed My Key"</span></dd>
  <dt>Converted Pass Phrase</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[68][65][6c][70][69][68][61][76][65][72][65][76][65][61][6c][65][64][6d][79][6b][65][79]</span></dd>
  <dt>Pass Phrase Pass 1 HMAC-SHA1 (Converted Authentication Data, 0x1)</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[3c][7c][7c][96][2d][92][52][1a][c9][bf][67][b5][0f][27][96][6c][66][c3][ea][bb]</span></dd>
  <dt>Pass Phrase Pass 2 = HMAC-SHA1 (Pass Phrase Pass 1 , 0x2)</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[e4][01][00][6a][2d][3a][84][52][44][92][ea][b2][0f][2a][8d][87][c9][3f][bb][73]</span></dd>
  <dt>Base 64 Encoding of Pass Phrase</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">5AEAai06hFJEkuqyDyqNh8k/u3M=</span></dd>
</dl>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_2_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_2_2">C.2.2</a><a name="BobPassPhraseComputation"
id="BobPassPhraseComputation">Bob Pass Phrase Computation</a></h3>
<dl>
  <dt>Pass Phrase</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">"Have A Banana"</span></dd>
  <dt>Converted Pass Phrase</dt>
    <dd><span
    class="ID">[68][61][76][65][61][62][61][6e][61][6e][61]</span></dd>
  <dt>Pass Phrase Pass 1 = HMAC-SHA1 (Converted Authentication Data, 0x1)</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[f0][66][22][54][af][33][04][3e][44][d2][af][51][ab][66][3f][19][c8][b4][66][9a]</span></dd>
  <dt>Base 64 Encoding of Pass Phrase Stage 1</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">PHx8li2SUhrJv2e1DyeWbGbD6rs=</span></dd>
  <dt>Pass Phrase Pass 2 = HMAC-SHA1 (Pass Phrase Pass 1 , 0x2)</dt>
    <dd><span
      class="ID">[60][37][64][79][9e][a9][e6][e7][97][9e][f9][ce][3f][22][39][53][bf][8f][d9][0a]</span></dd>
  <dt>Base 64 Encoding of Pass Phrase Stage 2</dt>
    <dd><span class="ID">YDdkeZ6p5ueXnvnOPyI5U7+P2Qo=</span></dd>
</dl>

<h2><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3">C.3</a>Private Key Parameters</h2>

<p><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_385" id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_385"
class="markParagraph">[385]</a>The parameters of the parties RSA key pairs
are as follows:</p>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3_1"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3_1">C.3.1</a><a name="AlicePrivateKeyParameters"
id="AlicePrivateKeyParameters">Alice Private Key Parameters</a></h3>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RSAKeyValue xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;Modulus&gt;zvbTdKsTprGAKJdgi7ulDR0eQBptLv/SJNIh3uVmPBObZFsLbqPwo5nyLOkzWlEHNb
        ShPMRp1qFr
AfF13LMmeohNYfCXTHLqH1MaMOm+BhXABHB9rUKaGoOBjQPHCBtHbfMGQYjznGTpfCdTrUgq8VNl
qM2Ph9XWMcc7qbjNHw8=&lt;/Modulus&gt;
  &lt;Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/Exponent&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;+6Tn14NSh6SAKPFYwM90SyPpaLUlKrXlkHYK+kz4NhwL0gWFs47wNEMqt3jst2dbMWXGvaS/
        wGhf
83Z1OiSE7Q==&lt;/P&gt;
  &lt;Q&gt;0ovuzCkVfkcLegWTiHU1N7y012ZEMXO1/9at+t/91u5uKvdmV7hW+A9TDfo8Np8lkKxAp7yg
        NXPB
/LxdjY3Qaw==&lt;/Q&gt;
  &lt;DP&gt;Yx9e74ZcAPAsR3Rh6HkPLvXzX/pSrJM/3PqScmvVLcM4aL8iHkuElKGMdv7cB5Zf1oJnmZY
        Griyu
9wDHRmLSNQ==&lt;/DP&gt;
  &lt;DQ&gt;UlpNgymmsIfVY1r/A+bkc/KpwX7MuZMK4xDzaCdowELucHvoWfNOgSRtVhBEsRC6vsXBXFq
        ZR48J
l3OOHCoWFQ==&lt;/DQ&gt;
  &lt;InverseQ&gt;cixn+N0gEnHqH843NjJyYBQd6vMWZNYlVGFAbLHAYrOSds2LUZglRbiTfRnOOjadK
        rTOu3na75Mk
s8rp0hKuZA==&lt;/InverseQ&gt;
  &lt;D&gt;oMqalfWjmsoka2TQGT97h6irq9ncIbuWpAytS+Klft8sxtcFFrw/ZJthzwqOXwi8tTjUW8Wt
        BJb7
79KMYx68MOdG7eKgSz9yuYMKo3KZVxa0gUvtzBroI3kH/ggqIwT0zgTEU6sDjGIezRt1tt3hmaMO
ekPaOBiGym+h6nv+9+E=&lt;/D&gt;
&lt;/RSAKeyValue&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3_2"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3_2">C.3.2</a><a name="BobPrivateKeyParameters"
id="BobPrivateKeyParameters">Bob Private Key Parameters</a></h3>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RSAKeyValue xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;Modulus&gt;4i0BEhQ8Jc4tjwZYbvtMyYfBrIGOMx34K4Cdo2pAzoGnV679FLmGHWnQy2cSj39hf5
        D1mIaPyD3j
/33TdfglTaaKqp7IPf6ei754fOuI/r1HpX7uqsw+j9LC4Z7GnG3yoY/eBJOZ8TRwMnx+MkwmopXP
VLvhMWRyiUOcO3SEkTE=&lt;/Modulus&gt;
  &lt;Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/Exponent&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;9bfMM0ZkTd/bs9Vy9vGSdaOZ2qQh/0JVbpAMXSd0AEtPj8m28ZaGW+8wQ4OdOEmouNPDkhm6
        O7HC
TJ3IY18Phw==&lt;/P&gt;
  &lt;Q&gt;66PdfVufWHWghfUMVg3SypsiFWYCWIlgzl0AyZfUpRufjAMXpkpJckNh5qBAEikEPEsY7p3D
        vISV
TDqHeh/Xhw==&lt;/Q&gt;
  &lt;DP&gt;rZ5v768GQqwxThE9CVXJ2ct+c6nTx8w0F0o7Ijs1UNvl3MB3vp5QU3dfj+TYWyRYzjf7ESm
        SmIlS
s9Ys+GH70w==&lt;/DP&gt;
  &lt;DQ&gt;HvCEG3qVQIspSY10UjQ8cifOYNrlAfT/xfjGKrIJ1Kf82ehqCYaFgEBCsYJnBztld/kwS9x
        hH/aU
l86zjSBzLw==&lt;/DQ&gt;
  &lt;InverseQ&gt;FBpix6rKRUOlpddbREtNXGjiyvLK+jWu+pSCiTSpaQQkVuNH9dSRVqhbZi5ctYFuV
        QISjfW4lap9
pLKX5vCw/g==&lt;/InverseQ&gt;
  &lt;D&gt;ystjbFxsWdF2FAmyfUAh54kr5Ir9f2PdwtO9hGqe1Qp3iy1BirWWRQU9y0MN51BlkUXej/YH
        MZoc
tlaRpfLrLfcNYB4odKP4Tku+3eqqoc70kMYorU34NJQeeDVvDHaCm21qiSa9Je9QTlHI4PN38kM0
N3mEuHXRuw7MQI7W62k=&lt;/D&gt;
&lt;/RSAKeyValue&gt;</pre>

<h3><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3_3"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_C_3_3">C.3.3</a><a
name="XKMSServicePrivateKeyParameters"
id="XKMSServicePrivateKeyParameters">XKMS Service Private Key
Parameters</a></h3>
<!-- Include file -->
<pre class="Example">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;RSAKeyValue xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/03/xkms#"&gt;
  &lt;Modulus&gt;wqmaAkC8cZi/KSAO/T9ICP+Blf2MRL66/rgj+c0hqgOrXnkOpDYXQXRWl1RG2DIcRO
        H2KWZPgP2H
JlRc2xiF8dZvahoNCZTsQdqrgmo9hdNFxm65RHQsnUdcUfw24ojP4hGQaBzCAkGt8f0/7W9wg2p/
2fiCGe4gM1Wzixssd2c=&lt;/Modulus&gt;
  &lt;Exponent&gt;AQAB&lt;/Exponent&gt;
  &lt;P&gt;+59K7Ed5qVT6310U4UZi1tec4Bu/2Gwbq9X/4cIZAeX00Ia8PY9SiFrCvCdYzEUi65iCXr0/
        w8N3
iQUQtjtlSw==&lt;/P&gt;
  &lt;Q&gt;xgydSIsBjcJe/XUQovNKE94JaU5GvYmewKs2E3vF8R8UnrjB1tDlF3w5m+44rP6o2LmO8W5h
        RrKV
QO8jJvWQ1Q==&lt;/Q&gt;
  &lt;DP&gt;TUaDfQMKcx2dGkH86p5yNmbrT8xV48J30RMczZmNko6r2+q1HvbIMwYkriIrXDiTW+VvjGb
        0kUuT
h2od0sl09w==&lt;/DP&gt;
  &lt;DQ&gt;hfNmNfh+toiugrM4612tzr4wk170DaIVE685RfhDKxCge7HuuQJU0Iue005OWwNq5BqtCbJ
        kbNLA
jEix99nDeQ==&lt;/DQ&gt;
  &lt;InverseQ&gt;aq9qMcPcVj0QJ9kgOu1aF1l2dfuXDlsC+Nm96AQY3H+C9whSjqtePys3GSEC6dfZF
        9utSsJ2L63u
Pf3UY4DCFA==&lt;/InverseQ&gt;
  &lt;D&gt;ESpJdVdmBpJUkPjNuZEh9gEp2SMRgmJbNOjh6z4mcMqACwWbv+kxJclvdUquMJRCn+RZA4+N
        BS/W
AhBAW+WOsfvyvXqMLk+h3Y8p4qI5xp/DTcJceXUl2902owMOZD2KNI4jmm+AyBB7Vw/oa1GK4era
cK4/acuRjnKWPcgubFk=&lt;/D&gt;
&lt;/RSAKeyValue&gt;</pre>

<h1 class="appendix"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_D"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Section_Appendix_D">Appendix D</a><a name="References"
id="References">References</a></h1>

<p class="Ref"><a name="CSP" id="CSP">[CSP]</a> TBD</p>

<p><a id="ref-KEYWORDS" name="ref-KEYWORDS">[KEYWORDS]</a><a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"> RFC 2119: Key words for use in
RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</a> S. Bradner. Best Current Practice,
March 1997. <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_386"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_386" class="markParagraph">[386]</a><b><a
name="P3P" id="P3P">[P3P]</a></b>&nbsp; Lorrie Cranor, Marc Langheinrich,
Massimo Marchiori, Martin Presler-Marshall, Joseph Reagle, <i>&nbsp;The
Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0) Specification</i>, W3C
Recommendation 16 April 2002, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-P3P-20020416/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-P3P-20020416/</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_387"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_387" class="markParagraph">[387]</a><b><a
name="pkix" id="pkix">[PKIX]</a>&nbsp;</b>R. Housley, W. Ford, W. Polk, D.
Solo, Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile,
IETF RFC 2459, January 1999, <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2459.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2459.txt</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_388"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_388" class="markParagraph">[388]</a><b>[<a
id="PKCS1" name="PKCS1">PKCS1</a>]</b> Kaliski, B., <i>PKCS #1: RSA
Encryption Version 2.</i>0, RSA Laboratories, also IETF RFC 2437, October
1998. <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2437.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2437.txt</a>.</p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_389"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_389" class="markParagraph">[389]</a><b><a
name="RFC2459" id="RFC2459">[RFC2459]</a></b>R. Housley, W. Ford, W. Polk, D.
Solo, <i>Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL
Profile</i>, IETF&nbsp; RFC 2459, January 1999. <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2459.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2459.txt</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_390"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_390" class="markParagraph">[390]</a><b>[<a
id="RFC-2104" name="RFC-2104">RFC-2104</a>]</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; Krawczyk, H.,
Bellare, M. and R. Canetti, <i>HMAC: Keyed Hashing for Message
Authentication</i>, IETF&nbsp; RFC 2104, February 1997. <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2104.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2104.txt</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_391"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_391" class="markParagraph">[391]</a><b><a id="TLS"
name="TLS">[RFC-2246]</a></b> T. Dierks, C. Allen., <i>The TLS Protocol
Version, 1.0.</i>&nbsp;IETF RFC 2246 January 1999. <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_392"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_392" class="markParagraph">[392]</a><b><a
name="RFC-2373" id="RFC-2373">[RFC-2373]</a></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; R.
Hinden, S. Deering,<i>IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i>,
<i>&nbsp;</i>&nbsp;IETF RFC 2373 July 1998., <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_393"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_393" class="markParagraph">[393]</a><b><a
name="RFC-2782" id="RFC-2782">[RFC-2782]</a></b>A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, L.
Esibov, <i>A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)</i>,
IETF RFC 2782, February 2000, <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2782.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2782.txt</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_394"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_394" class="markParagraph">[394]</a><b>[<a
id="SOAP" name="SOAP">SOAP</a>]</b> D. Box, D Ehnebuske, G. Kakivaya, A.
Layman, N. Mendelsohn, H. Frystyk Nielsen, S Thatte, D. Winer. <i>Simple
Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1</i>, W3C Note 08 May 2000, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/">http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_395"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_395" class="markParagraph">[395]</a><b><a
name="XMLP" id="XMLP">[XMLP]</a></b> XML Protocol Working Group, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/">http://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_396"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_396" class="markParagraph">[396]</a><b>[<a
id="WSSL" name="WSSL">WSSL</a>]</b> E. Christensen, F. Curbera, G. Meredith,
S. Weerawarana, <i>Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.0</i> September
25, 2000, <a
href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/general/wsdl.asp">http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/general/wsdl.asp</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_397"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_397" class="markParagraph">[397]</a><b><a
name="x509" id="x509">[X509]</a>&nbsp;</b>ITU-T Recommendation X.509 (1997
E): Information Technology - <i>Open Systems Interconnection - The Directory:
Authentication Framework</i>, June 1997.</p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_398"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_398" class="markParagraph">[398]</a><b>[<a
id="ref-XML" name="ref-XML">XML</a>]</b> T. Bray, E. Maler, J. Paoli, C. M.
Sperberg-McQueen. <i>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second
Edition).</i> W3C Recommendation.&nbsp; October 2000. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_399"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_399" class="markParagraph">[399]</a><b>[<a
id="XML-SIG" name="XML-SIG">XML-SIG</a>]</b>&nbsp; D. Eastlake, J. R., D.
Solo, M. Bartel, J. Boyer , B. Fox , E. Simon. <i>XML-Signature Syntax and
Processing</i>, World Wide Web Consortium. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_400"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_400" class="markParagraph">[400]</a><b>[<a
id="XML-SIG-XSD" name="XML-SIG-XSD">XML-SIG-XSD</a>]</b> XML Signature Schema
available from <span class="ID"><font face="Arial"><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/xmldsig-core-schema.xsd">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/xmldsig-core-schema.xsd</a></font></span></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_401"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_401" class="markParagraph">[401]</a><b>[<a
id="XML-Enc" name="XML-Enc">XML-Enc</a>]</b>Donald Eastlake, Joseph Reagle,
Takeshi Imamura, Blair Dillaway, Ed Simon, <i>XML Encryption Syntax and
Processing</i>, World Wide Web Consortium, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlenc-core/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlenc-core/</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_402"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_402" class="markParagraph">[402]</a><b>[<a
id="ref-XML-ns">XML-ns</a>]</b> T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman.
<i>Namespaces in XML. W3C Recommendation.</i> January 1999. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/">http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_403"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_403" class="markParagraph">[403]</a><b>[<a
id="XML-Schema1" name="XML-Schema1">XML-Schema1</a>]</b> H. S. Thompson, D.
Beech, M. Maloney, N. Mendelsohn. <i>XML Schema Part 1: Structures</i>, W3C
Working Draft 22 September 2000, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xmlschema-1-20000922/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xmlschema-1-20000922/</a>,
latest draft at <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/</a></p>

<p class="Ref"><a name="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_404"
id="XKMS_2_0_LC2_Paragraph_404" class="markParagraph">[404]</a><b>[<a
id="XML-Schema2" name="XML-Schema2">XML-Schema2</a>]</b> P. V. Biron, A.
Malhotra, <i>XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes</i>; W3C Working Draft 22 September
2000, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xmlschema-2-20000922/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xmlschema-2-20000922/</a>,
latest draft at <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/</a></p>
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