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      <title>Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 1.0</title><style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve">

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         <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/" shape="rect"><img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C" height="48" width="72" /></a></p>
         
         <h1><a name="title" id="title" shape="rect"></a>Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 1.0
         </h1>
         
         <h2><a name="w3c-doctype" id="w3c-doctype" shape="rect"></a>W3C Recommendation 03 April 2007
         </h2>
         <dl>
            <dt>This version:</dt>
            <dd>
               <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-its-20070403/" shape="rect">
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-its-20070403/</a>
               
            </dd>
            <dt>Latest version:</dt>
            <dd>
               <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/its/" shape="rect">http://www.w3.org/TR/its/</a>
               
            </dd>
            <dt>Previous version:</dt>
            <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/PR-its-20070226/" shape="rect">
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/PR-its-20070226/</a></dd>
            <dt>Editors:</dt>
            <dd>Christian Lieske, SAP AG</dd>
            <dd>Felix Sasaki, W3C</dd>
         </dl>
         <p>Please refer to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/itstagset/its-errata.html" shape="rect"><strong>errata</strong></a> for this document, which may include some normative corrections.
         </p>
         <p>See also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=its" shape="rect"><strong>translations</strong></a>.
         </p>
         <p>This document is also available in these non-normative formats: <a href="itstagset.xml" shape="rect">ODD/XML document</a>, <a href="itstagset.zip" shape="rect">self-contained zipped  archive</a>, and <a href="itstagset-diff-20070226.html" shape="rect">XHTML Diff markup to publication from 26 February 2007</a>.
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         <p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright" shape="rect">Copyright</a> © 2007 <a href="http://www.w3.org/" shape="rect"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/" shape="rect"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/" shape="rect"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/" shape="rect">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer" shape="rect">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks" shape="rect">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents" shape="rect">document use</a> rules apply.
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         <h2><a name="abstract" id="abstract" shape="rect"></a>Abstract
         </h2>
         <p>This document defines data categories and their
            implementation as a set of elements and attributes called the
            <em>Internationalization Tag Set (ITS)</em>. ITS is designed
            to be used with schemas to support the internationalization and
            localization of schemas and documents. An implementation is
            provided for three schema languages: XML DTD, XML Schema and
            RELAX NG.
         </p>
      </div>
      <div>
         
         <h2><a name="status" id="status" shape="rect"></a>Status of this Document
         </h2>
         <p>
            <em>This section describes the status of this document at
               the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede
               this document. A list of current W3C publications and the
               latest revision of this technical report can be found in the
               <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/" shape="rect">W3C technical reports
                  index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
            
         </p>
         <p>This document defines data categories and their implementation as a set of elements and attributes called the Internationalization
            Tag Set (ITS). ITS is designed to be used with schemas to support the internationalization and localization of schemas and
            documents. An implementation is provided for three schema languages: XML DTD, XML Schema and RELAX NG.
         </p>
         <p>This is a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/Process-20040205/tr.html#RecsW3C" shape="rect">Recommendation</a>
            of the W3C. It has been
            developed by the W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/" shape="rect">Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Working Group</a>, which is part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/" shape="rect">Internationalization
               Activity</a>.
         </p>
         <p>This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software
            developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is
            endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
            document and may be used as reference material or cited from
            another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to
            draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread
            deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of
            the Web.
         </p>
         <p>Please make comments about this document using
            W3C's <a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/" shape="rect">public Bugzilla
               system</a>. We recommend using Bugzilla for making comments
            (instructions can be found at <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/its-bugzilla" shape="rect">How to
               use the Issues Tracking System for the ITS Tagset Working
               Draft</a>). If this is not feasible, comments may also be sent
            to <a href="mailto:www-i18n-comments@w3.org?subject=[Comment on ITS WD]" shape="rect">www-i18n-comments@w3.org</a>. Use
            "[Comment on ITS WD]" in the subject line of your
            email. A list of <a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?query_format=advanced&amp;short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;short_desc=&amp;product=ITS&amp;component=ITS+tagset&amp;long_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;long_desc=&amp;bug_file_loc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;bug_file_loc=&amp;status_whiteboard_type=allwordssubstr&amp;status_whiteboard=&amp;keywords_type=allwords&amp;keywords=&amp;bug_status=UNCONFIRMED&amp;bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;bug_status=RESOLVED&amp;bug_status=VERIFIED&amp;bug_status=CLOSED&amp;emailtype1=substring&amp;email1=&amp;emailtype2=substring&amp;email2=&amp;bugidtype=include&amp;bug_id=&amp;votes=&amp;chfieldfrom=&amp;chfieldto=Now&amp;chfieldvalue=&amp;cmdtype=doit&amp;order=Reuse+same+sort+as+last+time&amp;field0-0-0=noop&amp;type0-0-0=noop&amp;value0-0-0=" shape="rect">
               ITS tagset related comments and issues in Bugzilla</a> and
            the <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-i18n-comments/" shape="rect">www-
               i18n-comments archives</a> are publicly available.
         </p>
         <p>This document incorporates minor changes made against the Proposed Recommendation of 21 November 2006; please see the <a href="#changelog-since-20070226" shape="rect">Revision Log</a> for details. The <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/itstagset/ImpReport.html" shape="rect">implementation report</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/tests/" shape="rect">test suite</a> provide further implementation information.
         </p>
         <p> This document was produced by a group operating under the
            <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/" shape="rect">5
               February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/37139/status" shape="rect">public
               list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the
            deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions
            for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge
            of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential" shape="rect">Essential
               Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with
            <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure" shape="rect">section
               6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>. 
         </p>
      </div>
      <div class="toc">
         
         <h2><a name="contents" id="contents" shape="rect"></a>Table of Contents
         </h2>
         <div class="toc">
            <div class="toc1">1 <a href="#introduction" shape="rect">Introduction</a><div class="toc2">1.1 <a href="#motivation-its" shape="rect">Motivation for ITS</a><div class="toc3">1.1.1 <a href="#motivation-its-issues" shape="rect">Typical Problems</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">1.2 <a href="#users-usage" shape="rect">Users and Usages of ITS</a><div class="toc3">1.2.1 <a href="#potential-users" shape="rect">Potential Users of ITS</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">1.2.2 <a href="#ways-to-use-its" shape="rect">Ways to Use ITS</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">1.3 <a href="#out-of-scope" shape="rect">Out of Scope</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">1.4 <a href="#design-decisions" shape="rect">Important Design Principles</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">1.5 <a href="#spec-development" shape="rect">Development of this Specification</a></div>
               
            </div>
            
            <div class="toc1">2 <a href="#basic-concepts" shape="rect">Basic Concepts</a><div class="toc2">2.1 <a href="#basic-concepts-selection" shape="rect">Selection</a><div class="toc3">2.1.1 <a href="#basic-concepts-selection-local" shape="rect">Local Approach</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">2.1.2 <a href="#basic-concepts-selection-global" shape="rect">Global Approach</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">2.2 <a href="#basic-concepts-overinher" shape="rect">Overriding and Inheritance</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">2.3 <a href="#basic-concepts-addingpointing" shape="rect">Adding Information or Pointing to Existing Information</a></div>
               
            </div>
            
            <div class="toc1">3 <a href="#notation-terminology" shape="rect">Notation and Terminology</a><div class="toc2">3.1 <a href="#notation" shape="rect">Notation</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">3.2 <a href="#def-schemalanguage" shape="rect">Schema Language</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">3.3 <a href="#def-datacat" shape="rect">Data category</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">3.4 <a href="#def-selection" shape="rect">Selection</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">3.5 <a href="#iri-usage" shape="rect">Usage of Internationalized Resource Identifiers in ITS</a></div>
               
            </div>
            
            <div class="toc1">4 <a href="#conformance" shape="rect">Conformance</a><div class="toc2">4.1 <a href="#conformance-product-schema" shape="rect">Conformance Type 1: ITS Markup Declarations</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">4.2 <a href="#conformance-product-processing-expectations" shape="rect">Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for ITS Markup</a></div>
               
            </div>
            
            <div class="toc1">5 <a href="#its-processing" shape="rect">Processing of ITS information</a><div class="toc2">5.1 <a href="#its-version-attribute" shape="rect">Indicating the Version of ITS</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">5.2 <a href="#datacategory-locations" shape="rect">Locations of Data Categories</a><div class="toc3">5.2.1 <a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">Global, Rule-based Selection</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">5.2.2 <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">Local Selection in an XML Document</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">5.3 <a href="#link-external-rules" shape="rect">Link to External Rules</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">5.4 <a href="#selection-precedence" shape="rect">Precedence between Selections</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">5.5 <a href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup</a></div>
               
            </div>
            
            <div class="toc1">6 <a href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Description of Data Categories</a><div class="toc2">6.1 <a href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories</a></div>
               
               <div class="toc2">6.2 <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a><div class="toc3">6.2.1 <a href="#translatability-definition" shape="rect">Definition</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.2.2 <a href="#translatability-implementation" shape="rect">Implementation</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.2.3 <a href="#translatability-markup" shape="rect">Markup Declarations for Translate</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">6.3 <a href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Localization Note</a><div class="toc3">6.3.1 <a href="#locNote-definition" shape="rect">Definition</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.3.2 <a href="#locNote-implementation" shape="rect">Implementation</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.3.3 <a href="#locNote-markup" shape="rect">Markup Declarations for Localization Note</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">6.4 <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">Terminology</a><div class="toc3">6.4.1 <a href="#terminology-definition" shape="rect">Definition</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.4.2 <a href="#terminology-implementation" shape="rect">Implementation</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.4.3 <a href="#terminology-markup" shape="rect">Markup Declarations for Terminology</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">6.5 <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a><div class="toc3">6.5.1 <a href="#directionality-definition" shape="rect">Definition</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.5.2 <a href="#directionality-implementation" shape="rect">Implementation</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.5.3 <a href="#directionality-markup" shape="rect">Markup Declarations for Directionality</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">6.6 <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a><div class="toc3">6.6.1 <a href="#ruby-definition" shape="rect">Definition</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.6.2 <a href="#ruby-implementation" shape="rect">Implementation</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.6.3 <a href="#ruby-markup" shape="rect">Markup Declarations for Ruby</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">6.7 <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">Language Information</a><div class="toc3">6.7.1 <a href="#langinfo-definition" shape="rect">Definition</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.7.2 <a href="#langinfo-implementation" shape="rect">Implementation</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.7.3 <a href="#langinfo-markup" shape="rect">Markup Declarations for Language Information</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
               <div class="toc2">6.8 <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a><div class="toc3">6.8.1 <a href="#within-text-definition" shape="rect">Definition</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.8.2 <a href="#within-text-implementation" shape="rect">Implementation</a></div>
                  
                  <div class="toc3">6.8.3 <a href="#within-text-markup" shape="rect">Markup Declarations for Elements Within Text</a></div>
                  
               </div>
               
            </div>
            
         </div>
         
         <h3><a name="appendices" id="appendices" shape="rect"></a>Appendices
         </h3>
         <div class="toc1">A <a href="#normative-references" shape="rect">References</a></div>
         
         <div class="toc1">B <a href="#informative-references" shape="rect">References</a> (Non-Normative)
         </div>
         
         <div class="toc1">C <a href="#its-markup-summary" shape="rect">Summary of ITS Markup</a> (Non-Normative)
         </div>
         
         <div class="toc1">D <a href="#its-schemas" shape="rect">Schemas for ITS</a> (Non-Normative)
         </div>
         
         <div class="toc1">E <a href="#its-schematron-constraints" shape="rect">Checking ITS Markup Constraints With Schematron</a> (Non-Normative)
         </div>
         
         <div class="toc1">F <a href="#its-nvdl-schema" shape="rect">Checking ITS Markup with NVDL</a> (Non-Normative)
         </div>
         
         <div class="toc1">G <a href="#revisionlog" shape="rect">Revision Log</a> (Non-Normative)
         </div>
         
         <div class="toc1">H <a href="#acknowledgements" shape="rect">Acknowledgements</a> (Non-Normative)
         </div>
         
      </div>
      <hr />
      <div class="body">
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="introduction" id="introduction" shape="rect"></a>1 Introduction
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is informative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <p>ITS is a technology to easily create XML which is internationalized and can be localized effectively. On the one hand, the
               ITS specification identifies concepts (such as "directionality") which are important for
               internationalization and localization. On the other hand, the ITS specification defines implementations of these concepts
               (termed "ITS data categories") as a set of elements and attributes called the Internationalization Tag Set (ITS). The document
               provides implementations for three schema languages: XML DTD <a title="Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition)" href="#xml10spec" shape="rect">[XML 1.0]</a>, XML Schema <a title="XML Schema Part 1:&#xA;                Structures Second Edition" href="#xmlschema1" shape="rect">[XML Schema]</a> and RELAX NG <a title="Regular-grammar-based validation -- RELAX NG" href="#relaxng" shape="rect">[RELAX NG]</a>.
            </p>
            <p>This document aims to realize many of the ideas formulated in <a title="Requirements for Localizable DTD Design" href="#reqlocdtd" shape="rect">[Localizable DTDs]</a>.
            </p>
            <p>Requirements for this document are formulated in <a title="Internationalization and&#xA;                Localization Markup Requirements" href="#itsreq" shape="rect">[ITS REQ]</a>. Not all requirements listed there
               are addressed in this document. Those which are not addressed here
               are either covered in <a title="Best Practices for XML Internationalization" href="#xml-i18n-bp" shape="rect">[XML i18n BP]</a> or may be addressed in a future
               version of this specification.
            </p>
            <p>This document covers the following requirements:</p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#span" shape="rect">R002 -
                        span-like element</a>, see <a href="#span" shape="rect">span</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#langlocale" shape="rect">R006 -
                        identifying language/locale</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#language-information" shape="rect">Section 6.7: Language Information</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#termid" shape="rect">R007 -
                        identifying Terms</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#terminology" shape="rect">Section 6.4: Terminology</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#mapping " shape="rect">R008 -
                        purpose specification/mapping</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">Section 5.5: Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#bidi " shape="rect">R011 -
                        bidirectional text support</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality" shape="rect">Section 6.5: Directionality</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#transinfo " shape="rect">R012 -
                        indicator of translatability</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Section 6.2: Translate</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#impact " shape="rect">R014 -
                        limited impact</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">Section 5.5: Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#locnotes " shape="rect">R017 -
                        localization notes</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Section 6.3: Localization Note</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#annomark " shape="rect">R020 -
                        annotation markup</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Section 6.6: Ruby</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#elemseg " shape="rect">R025 -
                        elements and segmentation</a>, see <a class="section-ref" href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Section 6.8: Elements Within Text</a></p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <p>The following requirements will be addressed in <a title="Best Practices for XML Internationalization" href="#xml-i18n-bp" shape="rect">[XML i18n BP]</a>:
            </p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#cdata" shape="rect">R003 -
                        CDATA Section</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#uid" shape="rect">R004 - Unique
                        Identifier</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#entities" shape="rect">R005 -
                        Handling of Entities</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#transattr" shape="rect">R015 -
                        Attributes and Translatable Text</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#naming" shape="rect">R016 -
                        Naming Scheme</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#multilang" shape="rect">R019 -
                        Multilingual Documents</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#nestedelems" shape="rect">R022
                        - Nested Elements</a></p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <p> The Working Group decided not to cover the following
               requirements
               at this time to be able to focus on the most important ones.
            </p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#constraints" shape="rect">R001
                        - Indicator of Constraints</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#contstyle" shape="rect">R009
                        - Content Style</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#linkedtext" shape="rect">R010
                        - Link to Internal/External Text</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#metrics" shape="rect">R013 -
                        Metrics Count</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#whitespaces" shape="rect">R018
                        - Handling of White-Spaces</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#datetime" shape="rect">R021
                        - Identifying Date and Time</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#lingml" shape="rect">R023
                        - Linguistic   Markup
                        </a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#variables" shape="rect">R024 -
                        Variables</a></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/#objects" shape="rect">R026 -
                        Associated
                        Objects</a></p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="motivation-its" id="motivation-its" shape="rect"></a>1.1 Motivation for ITS
               </h3>
               <p>Content or software that is authored in one language
                  (so-called source language) is often made available in
                  additional languages or adapted with regard to other
                  cultural aspects. This is done through a process called
                  localization, where the original material is translated and
                  adapted to the target audience.
               </p>
               <p>In addition, document formats expressed by schemas may be
                  used by people in different parts of the world, and these
                  people may need special markup to support the local language
                  or script. For example, people authoring in languages such
                  as Arabic, Hebrew, Persian or Urdu need special markup to
                  specify directionality in mixed direction text.
               </p>
               <p>From the viewpoints of feasibility, cost, and efficiency,
                  it is important that the original material should be
                  suitable for localization. This is achieved by appropriate
                  design and development, and the corresponding process is
                  referred to as internationalization. For a detailed
                  explanation of the terms "localization" and
                  "internationalization", see <a title="" href="#geo-i18n-l10n" shape="rect">[l10n i18n]</a>.
               </p>
               <p>The increasing usage of XML as a medium for
                  documentation-related content (e.g. DocBook and DITA as
                  formats for writing structured documentation, well suited to
                  computer hardware and software manuals) and software-related
                  content (e.g. the eXtensible User Interface Language <a title="exTensible User Interface Language" href="#xul" shape="rect">[XUL]</a>) creates challenges and
                  opportunities in the domain of XML internationalization and
                  localization.
               </p>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="motivation-its-issues" id="motivation-its-issues" shape="rect"></a>1.1.1 Typical Problems
                  </h4>
                  <p>The following examples sketch one of the issues that
                     currently hinder efficient XML-related localization: the
                     lack of a standard, declarative mechanism which identifies
                     which parts of an XML document need to be translated. Tools often cannot automatically do this identification.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e317" id="d3e317">Example 1: Document with partially translatable content</a><p>In this document it is difficult to make distinction between the <code>string</code> elements that are translatable and the ones that are not. Only the addition of flags could resolve the issue.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;resources&gt;
 &lt;section id="Homepage"&gt;
  &lt;arguments&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;page&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;childlist&lt;/string&gt;
  &lt;/arguments&gt;
  &lt;variables&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;POLICY&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;Corporate Policy&lt;/string&gt;
  &lt;/variables&gt;
  &lt;keyvalue_pairs&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;Page&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;ABC Corporation - Policy Repository&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;Footer_Last&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;Pages&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;bgColor&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;NavajoWhite&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;title&lt;/string&gt;
   &lt;string&gt;List of Available Policies&lt;/string&gt;
  &lt;/keyvalue_pairs&gt;
 &lt;/section&gt;
&lt;/resources&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-motivation-its-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-motivation-its-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e332" id="d3e332">Example 2: Document with partially translatable content</a><p>Even when metadata are available to identify non-translatable text, the conditions may be quite complex and not directly indicated
                        with a simple flag. Here, for instance, only the text in the nodes matching the expression <code>//component[@type!='image']/data[@type='text']</code> is translatable.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;dialogue xml:lang="en-gb"&gt;
 &lt;rsrc id="123"&gt;
  &lt;component id="456" type="image"&gt;
   &lt;data type="text"&gt;images/cancel.gif&lt;/data&gt;
   &lt;data type="coordinates"&gt;12,20,50,14&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/component&gt;
  &lt;component id="789" type="caption"&gt;
   &lt;data type="text"&gt;Cancel&lt;/data&gt;
   &lt;data type="coordinates"&gt;12,34,50,14&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/component&gt;
  &lt;component id="792" type="string"&gt;
   &lt;data type="text"&gt;Number of files: &lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/component&gt;
 &lt;/rsrc&gt;
&lt;/dialogue&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-motivation-its-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-motivation-its-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="users-usage" id="users-usage" shape="rect"></a>1.2 Users and Usages of ITS
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="potential-users" id="potential-users" shape="rect"></a>1.2.1 Potential Users of ITS
                  </h4>
                  <p>The ITS specification aims to provide different types
                     of users with information about what markup should be
                     supported to enable worldwide use and effective
                     internationalization and localization of content. The following paragraphs sketch
                     these different types of users, and their usage of
                     ITS.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>Schema developers who start a schema from ground up </p>
                        <p>This type of user will find proposals for attribute
                           and element names to be included in their new schema
                           (also called "host vocabulary"). Using the attribute and
                           element names proposed in the ITS specification may be
                           helpful because it leads to easier recognition of the
                           concepts represented by both schema users and
                           processors. It is perfectly possible, however, for a
                           schema developer to develop his own set of attribute and
                           element names. The specification sets out, first and
                           foremost, to ensure that the required markup is available,
                           and that the behavior of that markup meets established
                           needs.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Schema developers who work with an existing schema</p>
                        <p>This type of user will be
                           working with schemas such as DocBook, DITA, or perhaps a proprietary
                           schema. The ITS Working Group has sought input from experts developing
                           widely used formats such as the ones mentioned.
                        </p>
                        <div class="note">
                           <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                           <p>The question 
                              "How to use ITS with existing popular markup schemes?" 
                              is covered in more details (including examples) in a separate document: <a title="Best Practices for XML Internationalization" href="#xml-i18n-bp" shape="rect">[XML i18n BP]</a>.
                           </p>
                        </div>
                        <p>Developers working on existing schemas
                           should check whether their schemas support the
                           markup proposed in this specification, and, where
                           appropriate, add the markup proposed here to their
                           schema.
                        </p>
                        <p>In some cases, an existing schema may
                           already contain markup equivalent to that
                           recommended in ITS. In this case it is not necessary
                           to add duplicate markup since ITS provides
                           mechanisms for associating ITS
                           markup with markup in the host vocabulary which
                           serves a similar purpose (see <a class="section-ref" href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">Section 5.5: Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup</a>). The developer should, however,
                           check that the behavior associated with the markup
                           in their own schema is fully compatible with the
                           expectations described in this specification.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Vendors of content-related tools</p>
                        <p>This type of
                           user includes companies which provide tools for
                           authoring, translation or other flavors of
                           content-related software solutions. It is important to
                           ensure that such tools enable worldwide use and
                           effective localization of content. For example,
                           translation tools should prevent content marked up as
                           not for translation from being changed or translated. It
                           is hoped that the ITS specification will make the job of
                           vendors easier by standardizing the format and
                           processing expectations of certain relevant markup
                           items, and allowing them to more effectively identify
                           how content should be handled.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Content producers</p>
                        <p>This type of user comprises
                           authors, translators and other types of content
                           author. The markup proposed in this specification may
                           be used by them to mark up specific bits of
                           content. Aside: The burden of inserting markup can be
                           removed from content producers by relating the ITS
                           information to relevant bits of content in a global
                           manner (see <a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">global,
                              rule-based approach</a>). This global work, however,
                           may fall to information architects, rather than the
                           content producers themselves.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p>In order to support all of these users, the information
                     about what markup should be supported to enable worldwide
                     use and effective localization of content is provided in
                     this specification in two ways:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>abstractly in the data category descriptions: <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a></p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>concretely in the ITS schemas: <a class="section-ref" href="#its-schemas" shape="rect">Appendix D: Schemas for ITS</a></p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="ways-to-use-its" id="ways-to-use-its" shape="rect"></a>1.2.2 Ways to Use ITS
                  </h4>
                  <p>The ITS specification proposes several mechanisms for
                     supporting worldwide use and effective internationalization and localization of
                     content. We will sketch them below by looking at them from the
                     perspectives of certain user types. For the purpose of
                     illustration, we will demonstrate how ITS can
                     indicate that certain parts of content should or should
                     not be translated.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A content author uses an attribute on a particular
                           element to say that the text in the element should not
                           be translated.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-ways-to-use-its-1" id="EX-ways-to-use-its-1">Example 3: Use of ITS by content author</a><p>The <code>its:translate="no"</code> attributes indicate that the <code>path</code> and the <code>cmd</code> elements should not be translated.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;help
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Building the Zebulon Toolkit&lt;/title&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the
    &lt;path
     its:translate="no"&gt;\Zebulon\Current Source\binary&lt;/path&gt; directory.
    Then from there, run batch file &lt;cmd
     its:translate="no"&gt;Build.bat&lt;/cmd&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/help&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A content author or information architect uses
                           markup at the top of the document to identify a
                           particular type of element or context in which the
                           content should not be translated.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e435" id="d3e435">Example 4: Use of ITS by information architect</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element is used in the header of the document to indicate that none of the <code>path</code> or <code>cmd</code> elements should be translated.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;help
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Building the Zebulon Toolkit&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//path | //cmd" translate="no"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the
    &lt;path&gt;\Zebulon\Current Source\binary&lt;/path&gt; directory.
    Then from there, run batch file &lt;cmd&gt;Build.bat&lt;/cmd&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/help&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A processor may insert markup at the top of the
                           document which links to ITS information outside of the
                           document.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e460" id="d3e460">Example 5: Use of ITS by processor</a><p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element is inserted in the header of the document. It has a XLink <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute used to link to an <a href="#link-external-rules" shape="rect">ITS external rule</a> document.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;help
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" 
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Building the Zebulon Toolkit&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0" xlink:href="EX-ways-to-use-its-4.xml" xlink:type="simple"/&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the
    &lt;path&gt;\Zebulon\Current Source\binary&lt;/path&gt; directory.
    Then from there, run batch file &lt;cmd&gt;Build.bat&lt;/cmd&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/help&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-3.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-3.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e481" id="d3e481">Example 6: ITS rule file shared by different documents</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element contains several ITS rules that are common to different documents. One of them is a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element that indicates that no <code>path</code> or <code>cmd</code> element should be translated.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;its:rules
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;its:translateRule selector="//path | //cmd" translate="no"/&gt;
&lt;/its:rules&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-4.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-4.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A schema developer integrates ITS markup
                           declarations in his schema to allow users to indicate
                           that specific parts of the content should not be
                           translated.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e509" id="d3e509">Example 7: An XSD schema with ITS declaration</a><p>The declarations for the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute is added to a group of common attributes <code>commonAtts</code>. This allows to use the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute within the documents like in <a href="#EX-ways-to-use-its-1" shape="rect">Example 3</a>.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;xs:schema
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"  elementFormDefault="qualified"&gt;
 &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" schemaLocation="its.xsd"/&gt;
 &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="commonAtts"&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="its:att.local.with-ns.attribute.translate"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:ID" use="optional"/&gt;
 &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
 &lt;xs:element name="help"&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType&gt;
   &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:element name="head"&gt;
     &lt;xs:complexType&gt;
      &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
       &lt;xs:element name="title" type="xs:string"/&gt;
      &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/&gt;
     &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
    &lt;/xs:element&gt;
    &lt;xs:element name="body"&gt;
     &lt;xs:complexType&gt;
      &lt;xs:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"&gt;
       &lt;xs:element name="p"&gt;
        &lt;xs:complexType mixed="true"&gt;
         &lt;xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"&gt;
          &lt;xs:element ref="path"/&gt;
          &lt;xs:element ref="cmd"/&gt;
         &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
         &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/&gt;
        &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
       &lt;/xs:element&gt;
      &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
     &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
    &lt;/xs:element&gt;
   &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
   &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="its:att.version.attribute.version"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
 &lt;/xs:element&gt;
 &lt;xs:element name="path"&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType mixed="true"&gt;
   &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
 &lt;/xs:element&gt;
 &lt;xs:element name="cmd"&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType mixed="true"&gt;
   &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
 &lt;/xs:element&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-5.xsd" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-5.xsd</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>The first two approaches above can be likened to the
                     use of CSS in <a title="XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible&#xA;                HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)" href="#xhtml10" shape="rect">[XHTML 1.0]</a>. Using a <code>style</code> attribute,
                     an XHTML content author may assign a color to a
                     particular paragraph. That author could also have used the
                     <code>style</code> element at the top of the page to say that
                     all paragraphs of a particular class or in a particular
                     context would be colored red.
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="out-of-scope" id="out-of-scope" shape="rect"></a>1.3 Out of Scope
               </h3>
               <p>This standard does not cover all mechanisms and data formats (sometimes called <span class="new-term">Localization Properties</span>), which might be needed for configuring localization workflows or tools to process a specific format. However, these mechanisms
                  and data formats may be implemented using the framework described in this standard.
               </p>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p>"XML localization properties" is a generic term to
                     name the mechanisms and data formats that allow
                     localization tools to be configured in order to process a
                     specific XML format. Examples of "XML localization
                     properties" are the Trados "DTD Settings" file, and the
                     SDLX "Analysis" file.
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="design-decisions" id="design-decisions" shape="rect"></a>1.4 Important Design Principles
               </h3>
               <p>Abstraction via <em>data categories</em>: ITS defines
                  data categories as an abstract notion for information for
                  internationalization and localization of XML schemas and
                  documents. This abstraction is helpful in realizing
                  independence from a particular implementation using for example an
                  element or attribute. See <a class="section-ref" href="#def-datacat" shape="rect">Section 3.3: Data category</a> for a definition of the term data
                  categories, <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a> for the definition of the various ITS data
                  categories, and subsections in <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a> for the data
                  category implementations.
               </p>
               <p> Powerful <em>selection mechanism:</em> For ITS
                  markup which appears in an XML instance, it has to be
                  clearly defined to which XML nodes the ITS-related
                  information pertains. Thus, ITS defines
                  <a href="#termdef-selection" shape="rect">selection</a> mechanisms to specify to what parts
                  of an XML document an ITS data category and its values
                  should be applied. Selection relies on the information which is
                  given in the XML Information Set <a title="XML Information Set&#xA;                (Second Edition)" href="#xmlinfoset" shape="rect">[XML Infoset]</a>. ITS applications may implement inclusion mechanisms
                  such as XInclude or DITA's <a title="OASIS Darwin Information Typing&#xA;Architecture (DITA) Language Specification v1.0" href="#dita10" shape="rect">[DITA 1.0]</a> conref.
               </p>
               <p>Content authors need, for example, a simple way to work
                  with the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category in order to express whether the content of an
                  element or attribute should be translated or
                  not. Localization coordinators, on the other hand, need an
                  efficient way of managing translations of large document
                  sets based on the same schema. This could by realized by a
                  specification of defaults for the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category and exceptions
                  from the defaults (e.g. all <code>p</code> elements should be
                  translated, but not <code>p</code> elements inside of an
                  <code>index</code> element). 
               </p>
               <p>To meet these requirements this specification introduces mechanisms that add ITS information to XML documents, see <a class="section-ref" href="#its-processing" shape="rect">Section 5: Processing of ITS information</a>. These mechanisms also provide a means for specifying ITS
                  information for attributes (a task for which no standard
                  means yet exists).
               </p>
               <p>The ITS selection mechanisms allows you to provide information about content <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">locally</a> (specified at the XML node to which it pertains) or <a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">globally</a> (specified in another part of the document). Global selection mechanisms can be in the same document, or in a separate file.
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>No dedicated extensibility</em>: It may be useful
                  or necessary to extend the set of information available
                  for internationalization or localization purposes beyond
                  what is provided by ITS. This specification does not
                  define a dedicated extension mechanism, since ordinary XML
                  mechanisms (e.g. XML Namespaces <a title="Namespaces in&#xA;              XML (Second Edition)" href="#xmlns" shape="rect">[XML Names]</a>) may be used.
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>Ease of integration</em>:
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p> ITS follows the example from <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/#att-method" shape="rect">section
                           4</a> of <a title="XML Linking Language&#xA;              1.0" href="#xlink1" shape="rect">[XLink 1.0]</a>, by
                        providing mostly global attributes for the implementation
                        of ITS data categories. Avoiding elements for ITS purposes
                        as much as possible ensures ease of integration into
                        existing markup schemes, see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/itsreq/#impact" shape="rect">section
                           3.14</a> in <a title="Internationalization and&#xA;                Localization Markup Requirements" href="#itsreq" shape="rect">[ITS REQ]</a>. Only
                        for some requirements do additional child elements have to be
                        used, see for example <a class="section-ref" href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Section 6.6: Ruby</a>.
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>ITS has no dependency on technologies which are
                        still under development
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>ITS fits with existing work in the W3C architecture
                        (e.g. use of <a title="XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0" href="#xpath" shape="rect">[XPath 1.0]</a> for the selection mechanism)
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="spec-development" id="spec-development" shape="rect"></a>1.5 Development of this Specification
               </h3>
               <p>This specification has been developed using the ODD (<em>One Document Does it
                     all</em>) language of the Text Encoding Initiative (<a title="Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines development&#xA;                version (P5)" href="#tei" shape="rect">[TEI]</a>). This is a literate programming language for writing XML schemas, with three characteristics:
               </p>
               <ol class="depth1">
                  <li>
                     <p>The element and attribute set is specified using an XML vocabulary which includes support for macros (like DTD entities, or
                        schema patterns), a hierarchical class system for attributes and elements, and creation of modules.
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>The content models for elements and attributes are written using embedded RELAX NG XML notation.</p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>Documentation for elements, attributes, value lists etc. is written inline, along with examples and other supporting material.</p>
                  </li>
               </ol>
               <p>XSLT transformations are provided by the TEI to create documentation into HTML, XSL FO or LaTeX forms, and to generate RELAX
                  NG documents and DTD. From the RELAX NG documents, James Clark's <a href="http://www.thaiopensource.com/relaxng/trang.html" shape="rect">trang</a> can be used to create XML Schema documents.
               </p>
            </div>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="basic-concepts" id="basic-concepts" shape="rect"></a>2 Basic Concepts
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is informative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="basic-concepts-selection" id="basic-concepts-selection" shape="rect"></a>2.1 Selection
               </h3>
               <p>Information (e.g. "translate this") captured by ITS markup
                  (e.g. <code>its:translate='yes'</code>) always pertains to
                  one or more XML nodes (mainly element and attribute nodes). In
                  a sense, ITS markup "selects" the XML node(s). Selection may
                  be explicit or implicit. ITS distinguishes two approaches to
                  selection: local, and with global rules.
               </p>
               <p>The mechanisms defined for ITS selection resemble those
                  defined in <a title="Cascading Style Sheets,&#xA;                level 2 revision 1&#xA;CSS 2.1 Specification" href="#css2-1" shape="rect">[CSS 2.1]</a>. The local
                  approach can be compared to the <code>style</code> attribute in
                  HTML/XHTML, and the approach with global rules is similar to the
                  <code>style</code> element in HTML/XHTML. In contrast to CSS, ITS uses
                  XPath for identifying nodes. Thus,
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p>the local approach puts ITS markup in the relevant
                        element of the host vocabulary (e.g. the <code>author</code>
                        element in DocBook)
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>the <a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">rule-based, global
                           approach</a> puts the ITS markup in elements defined by
                        ITS itself (namely the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element)
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
               <p>ITS markup can be used with XML documents (e.g. a DocBook
                  article), or schemas (e.g. an XML Schema document for a proprietary document
                  format). Since each usage defines some specific requirements,
                  ITS markup may take different shapes.
               </p>
               <p>The following two examples sketch the distinction between
                  the local and global approaches.
               </p>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="basic-concepts-selection-local" id="basic-concepts-selection-local" shape="rect"></a>2.1.1 Local Approach
                  </h4>
                  <p>The document in <a href="#EX-basic-concepts-1" shape="rect">Example 8</a> shows how a content author may use the
                     ITS <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute to indicate
                     that all content inside the <code>author</code> element should be protected from
                     translation. Translation tools that are aware of the meaning
                     of this attribute can then screen the relevant content from
                     the translation process.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-basic-concepts-1" id="EX-basic-concepts-1">Example 8: ITS markup on elements in an XML document (local approach) </a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;dbk:article
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  xmlns:dbk="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" 
  its:version="1.0" version="5.0" xml:lang="en"&gt;
 &lt;dbk:info&gt;
  &lt;dbk:title&gt;An example article&lt;/dbk:title&gt;
  &lt;dbk:author
    its:translate="no"&gt;
   &lt;dbk:personname&gt;
    &lt;dbk:firstname&gt;John&lt;/dbk:firstname&gt;
    &lt;dbk:surname&gt;Doe&lt;/dbk:surname&gt;
   &lt;/dbk:personname&gt;
   &lt;dbk:affiliation&gt;
    &lt;dbk:address&gt;
     &lt;dbk:email&gt;foo@example.com&lt;/dbk:email&gt;
    &lt;/dbk:address&gt;
   &lt;/dbk:affiliation&gt;
  &lt;/dbk:author&gt;
 &lt;/dbk:info&gt;
 &lt;dbk:para&gt;This is a short article.&lt;/dbk:para&gt;
&lt;/dbk:article&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-basic-concepts-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-basic-concepts-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>For this to work, the schema developer will need to add the
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute to the schema as a common
                     attribute or on all the relevant element definitions. Note
                     how there is an expectation in this case that inheritance
                     plays a part in identifying which content does have to be
                     translated and which does not. Tools that process this content
                     for translation will need to implement the expected
                     inheritance.
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="basic-concepts-selection-global" id="basic-concepts-selection-global" shape="rect"></a>2.1.2 Global Approach
                  </h4>
                  <p>The document in <a href="#EX-basic-concepts-2" shape="rect">Example 9</a> shows a different approach to identifying
                     non-translatable content, similar to that used with a
                     <code>style</code> element in <a title="XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible&#xA;                HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)" href="#xhtml10" shape="rect">[XHTML 1.0]</a>, but using an ITS-defined
                     element called <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a>. It works as follows: A document
                     can contain a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element (placed where it does not impact the
                     structure of the document, like in a "head" section). It contains one or more
                     ITS rule elements (for example
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a>). Each of these specific elements
                     contains a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. As its name
                     suggests, this attribute selects the XML node
                     or nodes to which a corresponding ITS information
                     pertains. The values of ITS selector attributes are XPath
                     absolute location paths. Information for the handling of
                     namespaces in these path expressions is taken from namespace
                     declarations <a title="Namespaces in&#xA;              XML (Second Edition)" href="#xmlns" shape="rect">[XML Names]</a> at the current rules element.
                  </p>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>Caveat Related to XSLT-based Processing of ITS Selector Attributes</p>
                     <p>
                        The values of ITS <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attributes are XPath absolute location paths.
                        Accordingly, the following is a legitimate value:
                     </p>
                     <p>myElement/descendant-or-self::*/@*</p>
                     <p>Unfortunately, values like this cause trouble when they are used in
                        XSLT-based processing of ITS where the values of the ITS <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attributes are used as values
                        of <code>match</code> attributes of XSLT templates. The reason for this is the following: <code>match</code> attributes
                        may only contain a restriction/subset of XPath expressions, so-called
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt#patterns" shape="rect">patterns</a>.
                     </p>
                     <p>Basically the following restrictions hold for patterns: </p>
                     <ul>
                        <li>
                           <p>only axes "child" or "attribute" allowed</p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>"//" or "/" possible</p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>id() or key() function possible</p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>predicates possible</p>
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                     <p>Using only XSLT patterns in ITS <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attributes helps to avoid this
                        issue. In many cases, this is possible by using patterns with predicates. The value above
                        may for example be rewritten as follows:
                     </p>
                     <p>*[self::myElement]/@* | myElement//*/@*</p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-basic-concepts-2" id="EX-basic-concepts-2">Example 9: ITS global markup in an XML document (rule-based approach) </a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;myTopic
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  xmlns="myNamescapeURI" id="topic01" xml:lang="en-us"&gt;
 &lt;prolog&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Using ITS&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//n:term" translate="no"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/prolog&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;ITS defines &lt;term&gt;data category&lt;/term&gt; as an abstract
  concept for a particular type of information for 
  internationalization and localization of XML schemas and 
  documents.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/myTopic&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-basic-concepts-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-basic-concepts-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>For this approach to work, the schema developer needs to add the
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element and associated markup to the schema.
                  </p>
                  <p>In some cases this may allow the schema developer to avoid adding
                     other ITS markup (such as an <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute)
                     to the elements in the schema. However, it is likely that
                     authors will want to use attributes on markup from time to
                     time to override the general rule.
                  </p>
                  <p>For specification of the
                     <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category information, the contents of the
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element would normally be designed by an
                     information architect familiar with the document format and
                     familiar with, or working with someone familiar with, the
                     needs of the localization group.
                  </p>
                  <p>The global, rule-based approach has the following
                     benefits:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>Content authors do not have to concern themselves with
                           creating additional markup or verifying that the markup was
                           applied correctly. ITS data categories are associated with
                           sets of XML nodes (for example all <code>p</code> elements in an
                           XML instance)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Changes can be done in a single location, rather than
                           by searching and modifying the markup throughout a document
                           (or documents, if the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element is stored as an
                           external entity)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>ITS data categories can designate attribute values as
                           well as elements. 
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>It is possible to associate ITS markup with existing
                           markup (for example the <code>term</code> element in DITA)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p>The commonality in both examples above is the markup
                     <code>translate='no'</code>. This piece of ITS markup can
                     be interpreted as follows:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>it pertains to the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>the attribute <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> holds a value of "no"
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p>The ITS <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute allows:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>ITS data category attributes to appear in global rules
                           (even outside of an XML document or schema)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>ITS data categories attributes to pertain to sets of
                           XML nodes (for example all <code>p</code> elements in an XML
                           document)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>ITS markup to pertain to attributes</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>ITS markup to <a href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">
                              associate with existing markup</a> (for example the <code>term</code> element in DITA)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="basic-concepts-overinher" id="basic-concepts-overinher" shape="rect"></a>2.2 Overriding and Inheritance
               </h3>
               <p>The power of the ITS selection mechanisms comes at
                  a price: rules related to <a href="#selection-precedence" shape="rect">overriding/precedence</a>,
                  and <a href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">inheritance</a>,
                  have to be established.
               </p>
               <p>The document in <a href="#EX-basic-concepts-3" shape="rect">Example 10</a> shows how inheritance and overriding work for the
                  <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category. By default elements are translatable. Here, the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element declared in the header overrides the default for the <code>head</code> element inside <code>text</code> and for all its children. Because the <code>title</code> element is actually translatable, the global rule needs to be overridden by a local <code>its:translate="yes"</code>. Note that the global rule is processed first, regardless of its position inside the document. In the main body of the document,
                  the default applies, and here it is <code>its:translate="no"</code> that is used to set "faux pas" as non-translatable.
               </p>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-basic-concepts-3" id="EX-basic-concepts-3">Example 10: Overriding and Inheritance</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;revision&gt;Sep-10-2006 v5&lt;/revision&gt;
  &lt;author&gt;Ealasaidh McIan&lt;/author&gt;
  &lt;contact&gt;ealasaidh@hogw.ac.uk&lt;/contact&gt;
  &lt;title
    its:translate="yes"&gt;The Origins of Modern Novel&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule translate="no" selector="/text/head"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;div xml:id="intro"&gt;
   &lt;head&gt;Introduction&lt;/head&gt;
   &lt;p&gt;It would certainly be quite a &lt;span
      its:translate="no"&gt;faux pas&lt;/span&gt; 
       to start a dissertation on the origin of modern novel without 
       mentioning the &lt;tl&gt;Epic of Gilgamesh&lt;/tl&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                  <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-basic-concepts-3.xml" shape="rect">EX-basic-concepts-3.xml</a>]
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="basic-concepts-addingpointing" id="basic-concepts-addingpointing" shape="rect"></a>2.3 Adding Information or Pointing to Existing Information
               </h3>
               <p>For some data categories, special attributes add or point to information about the selected nodes. For example, the <a href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Localization Note</a> data category can add information to selected nodes (using a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a> element), or point at existing information elsewhere in the document (using a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNotePointer</a> attribute).
               </p>
               <p>The functionality of adding information to the selected
                  nodes is available for each data category except <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">Language Information</a>. Pointing to
                  existing information is not possible for data categories that
                  express <em>a closed set of values</em>; that is: <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a>, <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> and <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a>.
               </p>
               <p>The functionalities of adding information and pointing to
                  existing information are <em>mutually exclusive</em>. That
                  is to say, attributes for pointing and adding must not appear
                  at the same rule element.
               </p>
            </div>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="notation-terminology" id="notation-terminology" shape="rect"></a>3 Notation and Terminology
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is normative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="notation" id="notation" shape="rect"></a>3.1 Notation
               </h3>
               <p id="rfc-keywords">The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT",
                  "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
                  "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to
                  be interpreted as described in <a title="" href="#rfc2119" shape="rect">[RFC 2119]</a>.
               </p>
               <p>The namespace URI that <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a>
                  be used by implementations of this specification is:
               </p>
               <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its</pre></div>
               <p>The namespace prefix used in this specification for this
                  URI is "its". It is recommended that implementations of this
                  specification use this prefix.
               </p>
               <p>In addition, the following namespaces are used in this
                  document:
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p><code>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema</code> for
                        the XML Schema namespace, here used with the prefix
                        "xs"
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p><code>http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0</code> for
                        the RELAX NG namespace, here used with the prefix
                        "rng"
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p><code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink</code> for the XLink namespace, here used with the prefix "xlink"
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="def-schemalanguage" id="def-schemalanguage" shape="rect"></a>3.2 Schema Language
               </h3>
               <p>
                  [<a name="t001" id="t001" title="schema" shape="rect">Definition</a>: 
                  <span class="new-term">Schema language</span> refers in this
                  specification to an XML-related modeling or validation
                  language such as XML DTD, XML Schema or RELAX
                  NG.]
                  
               </p>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p>This specification provides schemas in the format of
                     XML DTD, XML Schema or RELAX NG. However, these schemas
                     are only non-normative; <a href="#conformance-product-schema" shape="rect">conformance for ITS
                        markup declarations</a> defines only mandatory positions
                     of ITS declarations in schemas. This makes it possible to
                     use ITS with any schema language that allows for using
                     these positions.
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="def-datacat" id="def-datacat" shape="rect"></a>3.3 Data category
               </h3>
               <p>
                  [<a name="t002" id="t002" title="data category" shape="rect">Definition</a>: ITS
                  defines <span class="new-term">data category</span> as an abstract concept
                  for a particular type of information for
                  internationalization and localization of XML schemas and
                  documents.] The concept of a data category is
                  independent of its implementation in an XML environment
                  (e.g. using an element or attribute).
               </p>
               <p>For each data category, ITS distinguishes between the
                  following:
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p>the prose description, see <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a></p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>schema language independent formalization, see the
                        "markup declarations" subsections in <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a></p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>schema language specific implementations, see <a class="section-ref" href="#its-schemas" shape="rect">Appendix D: Schemas for ITS</a></p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e1090" id="d3e1090">Example 11: A data category and its implementation</a><p>The <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category conveys
                     information as to whether a piece of content should be
                     translated or not.
                  </p>
                  <p>The simplest formalization of this prose description on
                     a schema language independent level is a
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute with two possible values:
                     "yes" and "no". An implementation on a
                     schema language specific level would be the declaration of
                     the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute in, for example, an XML DTD, an
                     XML Schema document or an RELAX NG document. A different implementation would be a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element that allows for specifying <a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">global rules</a> about the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category.
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="def-selection" id="def-selection" shape="rect"></a>3.4 Selection
               </h3>
               <p>
                  [<a name="termdef-selection" id="termdef-selection" title="Selection" shape="rect">Definition</a>: 
                  <span class="new-term">selection</span> encompasses
                  mechanisms to specify to what parts of an XML document an
                  ITS data category and its values should be applied
                  to.] Selection is discussed in detail in <a class="section-ref" href="#its-processing" shape="rect">Section 5: Processing of ITS information</a>. Selection can be
                  applied globally, see <a class="section-ref" href="#selection-global" shape="rect">Section 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection</a>, and locally, see <a class="section-ref" href="#selection-local" shape="rect">Section 5.2.2: Local Selection in an XML Document</a>. As for global
                  selection, ITS information can be <a href="#def-adding-pointing" shape="rect">added</a> to the selected
                  nodes, or it can <a href="#def-adding-pointing" shape="rect">point to
                     existing information</a> which is related to selected
                  nodes. 
               </p>
               <p id="selection-and-inclusion-mechanisms">Selection relies on the information that is
                  given in the XML Information Set <a title="XML Information Set&#xA;                (Second Edition)" href="#xmlinfoset" shape="rect">[XML Infoset]</a>. ITS applications <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MAY</a> implement inclusion mechanisms
                  such as XInclude or DITA's <a title="OASIS Darwin Information Typing&#xA;Architecture (DITA) Language Specification v1.0" href="#dita10" shape="rect">[DITA 1.0]</a> conref.
               </p>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p id="note-object-selection">The selection of the ITS data categories applies to textual values contained within element or attribute nodes. In
                     some cases these nodes form pointers to other resources; a well-known
                     example is the <code>src</code> attribute on the <code>img</code> element in
                     HTML. The ITS <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category applies to the
                     text of the pointer itself, not the object to which it points. Thus in
                     the following example, the translation information specified via the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element applies to the filename
                     "instructions.jpg", and is not an instruction to open the
                     graphic and change the words therein.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e1173" id="d3e1173">Example 12: Selecting the text of a pointer to an external object</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
  &lt;its:translateRule translate="yes" selector="//p/img/@src"/&gt;
 &lt;/its:rules&gt; ...
 &lt;p&gt;As you can see in
  &lt;img src="instructions.jpg"/&gt;,
  the truth is not always out there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-notation-terminology-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-notation-terminology-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="iri-usage" id="iri-usage" shape="rect"></a>3.5 Usage of Internationalized Resource Identifiers in ITS
               </h3>
               <p>The
                  attributes <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNoteRef</a> and <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoRef</a> which contain resource identifiers <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> allow the usage of Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs, <a title="Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)" href="#rfc3987" shape="rect">[RFC 3987]</a> or its successor) to ease the adoption of ITS
                  in international application scenarios.
               </p>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p>The ITS schemas in <a class="section-ref" href="#its-schemas" shape="rect">Appendix D: Schemas for ITS</a> are not
                     normative. Hence this specification defines no validation requirements for IRI values in ITS markup. For processing of these
                     values, relying on IRIs imposes no specific
                     requirements. The reason is that the processing happens on the info set level <a title="XML Information Set&#xA;                (Second Edition)" href="#xmlinfoset" shape="rect">[XML Infoset]</a>, where no difference between IRIs and URIs exists.
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="conformance" id="conformance" shape="rect"></a>4 Conformance
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is normative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <p>The usage of the term <em>conformance clause</em> in
               this section is in compliance with <a title="QA Framework:&#xA;                Specification Guidelines" href="#qa-framework" shape="rect">[QAFRAMEWORK]</a>.
            </p>
            <p>This specification defines two types of conformance:
               conformance of <a href="#conformance-product-schema" shape="rect">1)
                  ITS markup declarations</a> , and conformance of <a href="#conformance-product-processing-expectations" shape="rect">2)
                  processing expectations for ITS Markup</a>. These
               conformance types complement each other. An implementation of
               this specification <a href="#rfc2119" shape="rect">MAY</a> use them
               separately or together.
            </p>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="conformance-product-schema" id="conformance-product-schema" shape="rect"></a>4.1 Conformance Type 1: ITS Markup Declarations
               </h3>
               <p>
                  <em>Description:</em> ITS markup declarations
                  encompass all declarations that are part of the
                  Internationalization Tag Set. They do not concern the
                  <em>usage</em> of the markup in XML documents. Such
                  markup is subject to the conformance clauses in <a class="section-ref" href="#conformance-product-processing-expectations" shape="rect">Section 4.2: Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for ITS Markup</a>.
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>Definitions related to this conformance
                     type:</em> ITS markup declarations are defined in various
                  subsections in <a class="section-ref" href="#its-processing" shape="rect">Section 5: Processing of ITS information</a> and
                  <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a>
                  (e.g. <a class="section-ref" href="#locNote-markup" shape="rect">Section 6.3.3: Markup Declarations for Localization Note</a>) in a
                  schema language independent manner, relying on the ODD
                  language. Their occurrence in other sections of this
                  document is typographically marked via bold face and
                  color.
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>Who uses this conformance type:</em> Schema
                  designers integrating ITS markup declarations into a
                  schema. All conformance clauses for this conformance type
                  concern the position of ITS markup declarations in that
                  schema, and their status as mandatory or optional.
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>Conformance clauses:</em>
                  
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p id="its-conformance-1-1">
                        <em>1-1:</em> At least one of the following <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a>
                        be in the schema:
                     </p>
                     <ul>
                        <li>
                           <p><a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element
                           </p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>one of the <a href="#span.attributes" shape="rect">local
                                 ITS attributes</a></p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p><a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> element
                           </p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p><a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> element
                           </p>
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p id="its-conformance-1-2">
                        <em>1-2:</em> If the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element is
                        used, it <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be part of the
                        content model of at least one element declared in the
                        schema. It <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">SHOULD</a> be in a
                        content model for meta information, if this is available
                        in that schema (e.g. the <code>head</code> element in
                        <a title="XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible&#xA;                HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)" href="#xhtml10" shape="rect">[XHTML 1.0]</a>).
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p id="its-conformance-1-3">
                        <em>1-3:</em> If the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> element is
                        used, it <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">SHOULD</a> be declared
                        as an inline element.
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p id="its-conformance-1-4">
                        <em>1-4:</em> If the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> element is
                        used, it <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">SHOULD</a> be declared
                        as an inline element.
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
               <p id="its-markup-conformance-claims">Full
                  implementations of this conformance type will implement all
                  markup declarations for ITS. Statements related to this
                  conformance type <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> list all
                  markup declarations they implement.
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>Examples: </em> Examples of the usage of ITS
                  markup declarations in various existing schemas are given in
                  a separate document <a title="Best Practices for XML Internationalization" href="#xml-i18n-bp" shape="rect">[XML i18n BP]</a>.
               </p>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p>Since the ITS markup declarations are schema language
                     independent, each schema language can use its own,
                     possibly multiple, mechanisms to implement the conformance
                     clauses for ITS markup declarations. For example, an XML
                     DTD can use parameter entities to encapsulate the <a href="#span.attributes" shape="rect">ITS local attributes</a>, or
                     declare them directly for each element. The appropriate
                     steps to integrate ITS into a schema depend on the design
                     of this schema (e.g. whether it already has a
                     customization layer that uses parameter entities). The
                     ITS schemas in the format of XML DTD, XML Schema and RELAX
                     NG in <a class="section-ref" href="#its-schemas" shape="rect">Appendix D: Schemas for ITS</a> are only
                     informative examples.
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="conformance-product-processing-expectations" id="conformance-product-processing-expectations" shape="rect"></a>4.2 Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for ITS Markup
               </h3>
               <p>
                  <em>Description:</em> Processors need to compute the
                  ITS information that pertains to a node in an XML
                  document. The ITS processing expectations define how the
                  computation has to be carried out. Correct computation
                  involves support for <a href="#def-selection" shape="rect">selection
                     mechanism</a>, <a href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">defaults / inheritance / overriding characteristics</a>, and <a href="#selection-precedence" shape="rect">precedence</a>. The markup
                  <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MAY</a> be valid against a schema
                  which conforms to the clauses in <a class="section-ref" href="#conformance-product-schema" shape="rect">Section 4.1: Conformance Type 1: ITS Markup Declarations</a>.
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>Definitions related to this conformance
                     type:</em> The processing expectations for ITS markup make
                  use of selection mechanisms defined in <a class="section-ref" href="#its-processing" shape="rect">Section 5: Processing of ITS information</a>. The individual data
                  categories defined in <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a> have <a href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">defaults / inheritance / overriding characteristics</a>,
                  and allow for using ITS markup in various positions (<a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">global</a> and <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">local</a>).
               </p>
               <p>
                  <em>Who uses this conformance type:</em> Applications
                  that need to process for internationalization or
                  localization the nodes captured by a data category. Examples
                  of this type of application are: ITS markup-aware editors,
                  or translation tools that make use of ITS markup to filter
                  translatable text as an input to the localization
                  process.
               </p>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p> Application-specific processing (that is processing
                     that goes beyond the computation of ITS information for a
                     node) such as automated filtering of translatable content
                     based on the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category is not covered by the conformance clauses
                     below.
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p>
                     		The ITS Working group provides a
                     		<a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/tests/" shape="rect">
                        			 test suite
                        		</a>
                     		to help implementers to write applications that
                     		support the ITS specifications. The test suite
                     		provides pairs of input and output files.
                     	
                  </p>
               </div>
               <p>
                  <em>Conformance clauses:</em>
                  
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p id="its-conformance-2-1">
                        <em>2-1:</em> A processor <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">
                           MUST</a> implement at least one <a href="#def-datacat" shape="rect">data category</a>.
                        For each implemented <a href="#def-datacat" shape="rect">data category</a>, the following
                        <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be taken into account:
                     </p>
                     <ul>
                        <li>
                           <p id="its-conformance-2-1-1">
                              <em>2-1-1:</em>
                              processing of at least one selection mechanism (<a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">global</a> or <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">local</a>).
                           </p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p id="its-conformance-2-1-2">
                              <em>2-1-2:</em> the
                              <a href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">default
                                 selections for the data category</a>.
                           </p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p id="its-conformance-2-1-3">
                              <em>2-1-3:</em> the
                              precedence definitions for selections defined in <a class="section-ref" href="#selection-precedence" shape="rect">Section 5.4: Precedence between Selections</a>, for
                              the type of selections it processes.
                           </p>
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p id="its-conformance-2-2">
                        <em>2-2:</em> If an application claims to
                        process ITS markup for the global selection mechanism, it
                        <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> process an XLink
                        <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute found on a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a>
                        elements.
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
               <p id="its-processing-conformance-claims">Statements
                  related to this conformance type <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> list all <a href="#def-datacat" shape="rect">data categories</a> they implement,
                  and for each <a href="#def-datacat" shape="rect">data category</a>
                  which type of selection they support.
               </p>
            </div>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="its-processing" id="its-processing" shape="rect"></a>5 Processing of ITS information
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is normative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="its-version-attribute" id="its-version-attribute" shape="rect"></a>5.1 Indicating the Version of ITS
               </h3>
               <p>The version of the ITS schema defined in this specification is
                  "1.0". The version is indicated by the ITS
                  <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.version.attribute.version" shape="rect">version</a> attribute. This attribute is mandatory for the
                  <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element, where it <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be in no namespace. If there is no <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element in an
                  XML document, a prefixed ITS <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.version.attribute.version" shape="rect">version</a> attribute
                  (e.g. <code>its:version</code>) <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be provided at the
                  root element of the document. If there is both a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.version.attribute.version" shape="rect">version</a>
                  attribute at the root element and a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element in a
                  document, they <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST NOT</a> specify
                  different versions.
               </p>
               <p>Each XML document can have a different
                  version. That is: if external rules are linked via an XLink
                  <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute on the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element, they can
                  specify a different version than the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element.
               </p>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="datacategory-locations" id="datacategory-locations" shape="rect"></a>5.2 Locations of Data Categories
               </h3>
               <p>ITS data categories can appear in two places:</p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p><a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">Global rules</a>:
                        the selection is realized within a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a>
                        element. It contains <a href="#rules.content" shape="rect">rule
                           elements</a> for each data category. Each rule element
                        has a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute and possibly other
                        attributes. The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute contains an<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath#NT-AbsoluteLocationPath" shape="rect">
                           AbsoluteLocationPath</a> as described in <a href="#xpath" shape="rect">XPath 1.0</a> or its successor.
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p><a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">Locally in a
                           document</a>: the selection is realized using <a href="#span.attributes" shape="rect">ITS local attributes</a>,
                        which are attached to an element node, or the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> or <a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> element. There is no
                        additional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. The default
                        selection for each data category defines whether the
                        selection covers attributes and child elements. See <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">Section 6.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories</a>.
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
               <p>The two locations are described in detail below.</p>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="selection-global" id="selection-global" shape="rect"></a>5.2.1 Global, Rule-based Selection
                  </h4>
                  <p>Global, rule-based selection is implemented using the
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element. It contains zero or more <a href="#rules.content" shape="rect">rule elements</a>. Each <a href="#rules.content" shape="rect">rule element</a> has a mandatory
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. This attribute and all other possible attributes on <a href="#rules.content" shape="rect">rule elements</a> are in the empty namespace and used without a prefix.
                  </p>
                  <p>If there is more than one <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element in an XML document, the rules from each section are to be processed at the same precedence level. The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> sections are to be read in document order, and the ITS rules with them processed sequentially. The versions of these <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> elements <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST NOT</a> be different.
                  </p>
                  <p id="def-adding-pointing">Depending on the data
                     category and its usage, there are additional attributes
                     for adding information to the selected nodes, or for
                     pointing to existing information in the document. For
                     example, the <a href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Localization Note</a> data category can be used for adding notes to
                     selected nodes, or for pointing to existing notes in
                     the document. For the former purpose, a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a>
                     element can be used. For the latter purpose, a
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNotePointer</a> attribute can be used.
                  </p>
                  <p>Each data category allows you to add information to the
                     selected nodes except for <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">language
                        information</a>. Pointing to existing information is not
                     possible for data categories that express <em>a closed
                        set of values</em>, that is: <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a>, <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> and <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a>.
                  </p>
                  <p>The functionalities of adding information and pointing
                     to existing information are <em>mutually
                        exclusive</em>. That is: markup for pointing and adding
                     <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST NOT</a> appear in the same
                     rule element. 
                  </p>
                  <p>
                     Another difference between adding and
                     pointing is the usage of XPath:
                     
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>The value of the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be an XPath expression
                           which starts with "<code>/</code>". That is, it must
                           be an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath#NT-AbsoluteLocationPath" shape="rect">
                              AbsoluteLocationPath</a> as described in <a href="#xpath" shape="rect">XPath 1.0</a> or its successor. This ensures that
                           the selection is not relative to a specific
                           location. The resulting nodes <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be either element or
                           attribute nodes.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Attributes that point to existing information in the document, i.e. attributes whose name ends in <code>...Pointer</code>, <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> use a RelativeLocationPath as described in <a href="#xpath" shape="rect">XPath 1.0</a> or its successor. The XPath expression is evaluated relative to the nodes selected by the selector attribute. The following
                           attributes point to existing information: <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNotePointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNoteRefPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoRefPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rubyPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rtPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rpPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rbcPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rtcPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rbspanPointer</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule.attributes" shape="rect">langPointer</a>.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p>If namespaces <a title="Namespaces in&#xA;              XML (Second Edition)" href="#xmlns" shape="rect">[XML Names]</a> are
                     used in XPath expressions in the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a>
                     attribute or the pointing attributes, the following rules
                     <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be applied while
                     processing XPath:
                  </p>
                  <ol class="depth1">
                     <li>
                        <p>For each prefix, there <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be an <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">xmlns</a> attribute at the same rule element which allows to resolve the namespace URI of the prefix.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Element and attribute names without a prefix are
                           interpreted as having no namespace.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>To avoid a conflict with rule 2., default
                           namespaces <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST NOT</a> be
                           used in the XPath expressions.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ol>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e1784" id="d3e1784">Example 13: XPath expressions with namespaces</a><p>The <code>term</code> element from the TEI is in a
                        namespace <code>http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0</code>. 
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;its:rules
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  xmlns:tei="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;its:termRule selector="//tei:term" term="yes"/&gt;
&lt;/its:rules&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-selection-global-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-selection-global-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e1803" id="d3e1803">Example 14: XPath expressions without namespaces</a><p>The <code>qterm</code> element from DocBook is in no
                        namespace.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;its:rules
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;its:termRule selector="//qterm" term="yes"/&gt;
&lt;/its:rules&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-selection-global-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-selection-global-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>Global rules can appear in the XML document they will
                     be applied to, or in a separate XML document. The
                     precedence of their processing depends on these
                     variations. See also <a class="section-ref" href="#selection-precedence" shape="rect">Section 5.4: Precedence between Selections</a>.
                  </p>
                  <p>Markup for global, rule-based selection is defined as
                     follows.
                  </p>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">rules</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rules" id="rules" shape="rect"></a>[1]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rules</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rules { rules.content, <a href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">rules.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rules.content" id="rules.content" shape="rect"></a>[2]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rules.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       (
                                       <a href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a>
                                       | <a href="#locNoteRule" shape="rect">locNoteRule</a>
                                       | <a href="#termRule" shape="rect">termRule</a>
                                       | <a href="#dirRule" shape="rect">dirRule</a>
                                       | <a href="#rubyRule" shape="rect">rubyRule</a>
                                       | <a href="#langRule" shape="rect">langRule</a>
                                       | <a href="#withinTextRule" shape="rect">withinTextRule</a>
                                       )*</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rules.attributes" id="rules.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[3]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rules.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       attribute version { xsd:float },
                                       attribute xlink:href { xsd:anyURI }?,
                                       attribute xlink:type { "simple" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.selector" id="att.selector" shape="rect"></a>att.selector
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.selector.attributes" id="att.selector.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[4]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.selector.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">att.selector.attribute.selector</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.selector.attribute.selector" id="att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect"></a>[5]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.selector.attribute.selector</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute selector { string }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.version" id="att.version" shape="rect"></a>att.version
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.version.attributes" id="att.version.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[6]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.version.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.version.attribute.version" shape="rect">att.version.attribute.version</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.version.attribute.version" id="att.version.attribute.version" shape="rect"></a>[7]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.version.attribute.version</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:version { xsd:float }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="selection-local" id="selection-local" shape="rect"></a>5.2.2 Local Selection in an XML Document
                  </h4>
                  <p>Local selection in XML documents is realized with <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attributes" shape="rect">local ITS attributes</a>, the
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> element, or the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a>
                     element. <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> serves just as a carrier for the
                     local ITS attributes and a container for <a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a>.
                  </p>
                  <p>The content model of <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> permits arbitrary nesting of ruby markup, since the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rb" shape="rect">rb</a> and <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rt" shape="rect">rt</a> elements themselves can contain <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a>. An application of ruby <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> not use such arbitrary nesting.
                  </p>
                  <p>The data category determines what is being selected.
                     The necessary data category specific defaults
                     are described in <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">Section 6.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories</a>.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-selection-local-1" id="EX-selection-local-1">Example 15: Defaults for various data categories</a><p>By default the content of all elements in a document is translatable. The attribute <code>its:translate="no"</code> in the <code>head</code> element means that the content of this element, including child elements, should not be translated. The attribute <code>its:translate="yes"</code> in the <code>title</code> element means that the content of this element, should be translated (overriding the <code>its:translate="no"</code> in <code>head</code>). Attribute values of the selected elements or their children are not affected by local <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attributes. By default they are not translatable.
                     </p>
                     <p>The default directionality of a document is left-to-right. The <code>its:dir="rtl"</code> in
                        the <code>quote</code> element means that the directionality of the content of this element, including child elements and attributes, is right-to-left.
                        Note that <code>xml:lang</code> indicates only the language, not the directionality.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  its:version="1.0" xml:lang="en"&gt;
 &lt;head
   its:translate="no"&gt;
  &lt;author&gt;Sven Corneliusson&lt;/author&gt;
  &lt;date&gt;2006-09-26T17:34:04Z&lt;/date&gt;
  &lt;title
    its:translate="yes" role="header"&gt;Bidirectional Text&lt;/title&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;par&gt;In Arabic, the title &lt;quote xml:lang="ar"
     its:dir="rtl"&gt;<span dir="rtl">نشاط التدويل، W3C</span>&lt;/quote&gt;
     means &lt;quote&gt;Internationalization Activity, W3C&lt;/quote&gt;.&lt;/par&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-selection-local-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-selection-local-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>Markup for local selection is defined as follows. The attribute group <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a> contains ITS attributes in no namespace and is used with the ITS elements <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rb" shape="rect">rb</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rt" shape="rect">rt</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rbc" shape="rect">rbc</a>, <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rtc" shape="rect">rtc</a> and <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rp" shape="rect">rp</a>. The attribute group <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attributes</a> contains namespace qualified ITS attributes and is used with elements from different namespaces.
                  </p>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.local.no-ns" id="att.local.no-ns" shape="rect"></a>att.local.no-ns
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attributes" id="att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[8]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNote" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNote</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteType</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteRef</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.term" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attribute.term</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.dir" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attribute.dir</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" id="att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect"></a>[9]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute translate { "yes" | "no" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNote" id="att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNote" shape="rect"></a>[10]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNote</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute locNote { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteType" id="att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect"></a>[11]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteType</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       attribute locNoteType { "alert" | "description" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" id="att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect"></a>[12]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteRef</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute locNoteRef { xsd:anyURI }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" id="att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect"></a>[13]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute termInfoRef { xsd:anyURI }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attribute.term" id="att.local.no-ns.attribute.term" shape="rect"></a>[14]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attribute.term</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute term { "yes" | "no" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.no-ns.attribute.dir" id="att.local.no-ns.attribute.dir" shape="rect"></a>[15]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.no-ns.attribute.dir</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute dir { "ltr" | "rtl" | "lro" | "rlo" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.local.with-ns" id="att.local.with-ns" shape="rect"></a>att.local.with-ns
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attributes" id="att.local.with-ns.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[16]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attribute.translate</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNote" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNote</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteType</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteRef</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attribute.termInfoRef</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attribute.term" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attribute.term</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attribute.dir" shape="rect">att.local.with-ns.attribute.dir</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attribute.translate" id="att.local.with-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect"></a>[17]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attribute.translate</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:translate { "yes" | "no" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNote" id="att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNote" shape="rect"></a>[18]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNote</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:locNote { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteType" id="att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect"></a>[19]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteType</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       attribute its:locNoteType { "alert" | "description" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" id="att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect"></a>[20]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attribute.locNoteRef</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:locNoteRef { xsd:anyURI }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" id="att.local.with-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect"></a>[21]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attribute.termInfoRef</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       attribute its:termInfoRef { xsd:anyURI }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attribute.term" id="att.local.with-ns.attribute.term" shape="rect"></a>[22]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attribute.term</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:term { "yes" | "no" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.local.with-ns.attribute.dir" id="att.local.with-ns.attribute.dir" shape="rect"></a>[23]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.local.with-ns.attribute.dir</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       attribute its:dir { "ltr" | "rtl" | "lro" | "rlo" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">span</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="span" id="span" shape="rect"></a>[24]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>span</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:span { span.content, <a href="#span.attributes" shape="rect">span.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="span.content" id="span.content" shape="rect"></a>[25]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>span.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> ( text | <a href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> | <a href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> )*</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="span.attributes" id="span.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[26]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>span.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="link-external-rules" id="link-external-rules" shape="rect"></a>5.3 Link to External Rules
               </h3>
               <p>One way to associate a document with a set of external
                  ITS rules is to use the optional XLink <a title="XML Linking Language&#xA;              1.0" href="#xlink1" shape="rect">[XLink 1.0]</a>
                  <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute in the
                  <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element, accompanied by the XLink <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">type</a> attribute with the value "simple". The referenced document must be a
                  valid XML document containing at most one <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a>
                  element. That <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element can be the root element
                  or anywhere within the document tree (for example, the
                  document could be an XML Schema).
               </p>
               <p>The rules contained in the referenced document <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> be processed as if they were
                  at the top of the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element with the XLink
                  <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute.
               </p>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-link-external-rules-1" id="EX-link-external-rules-1">Example 16: External file EX-link-external-rules-1.xml with global rules:</a><p>The example demonstrates how metadata can be added to
                     ITS rules.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;myFormatInfo
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;desc&gt;ITS rules used by the Open University&lt;/desc&gt;
 &lt;hostVoc&gt;http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0&lt;/hostVoc&gt;
 &lt;rulesId&gt;98ECED99DF63D511B1250008C784EFB1&lt;/rulesId&gt;
 &lt;rulesVersion&gt;v 1.81 2006/03/28 07:43:21&lt;/rulesVersion&gt; ...
 &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
  &lt;its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/&gt;
  &lt;its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/&gt;
  &lt;its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/&gt;
  &lt;its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/&gt;
 &lt;/its:rules&gt;
&lt;/myFormatInfo&gt;</pre></div>
                  <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-link-external-rules-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-link-external-rules-1.xml</a>]
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e2256" id="d3e2256">Example 17: Document with a link to EX-link-external-rules-1.xml</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;myDoc
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" &gt;
 &lt;header&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0" xlink:href="EX-link-external-rules-1.xml" xlink:type="simple"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="yes"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
  &lt;author&gt;Theo Brumble&lt;/author&gt;
  &lt;lastUpdate&gt;Apr-01-2006&lt;/lastUpdate&gt;
 &lt;/header&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;A &lt;term&gt;Palouse horse&lt;/term&gt; has a spotted coat.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/myDoc&gt;</pre></div>
                  <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-link-external-rules-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-link-external-rules-2.xml</a>]
                  </p>
               </div>
               <p>The result of processing the two documents above is the
                  same as processing the following document.
               </p>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e2268" id="d3e2268">Example 18: Document with identical rules as in the case of included rules</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;myDoc
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;header&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/&gt;
   &lt;its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/&gt;
   &lt;its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="yes"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
  &lt;author&gt;Theo Brumble&lt;/author&gt;
  &lt;lastUpdate&gt;Apr-01-2006&lt;/lastUpdate&gt;
 &lt;/header&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;A &lt;term&gt;Palouse horse&lt;/term&gt; has a spotted coat.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/myDoc&gt;</pre></div>
                  <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-link-external-rules-3.xml" shape="rect">EX-link-external-rules-3.xml</a>]
                  </p>
               </div>
               <p>Applications processing global ITS markup <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> recognize the XLink
                  <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute in the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element;
                  they <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> load the
                  corresponding referenced document and process its rules
                  element before processing the content of the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a>
                  element where the original XLink <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute
                  is.
               </p>
               <p>External rules may also have links to other external
                  rules. The linking mechanism is recursive, the deepest rules
                  being overridden by the top-most rules, if any.
               </p>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="selection-precedence" id="selection-precedence" shape="rect"></a>5.4 Precedence between Selections
               </h3>
               <p>The following precedence order is defined for selections
                  of ITS information in various positions (the first item in
                  the list has the highest precedence):
               </p>
               <ol class="depth1">
                  <li>
                     <p>Implicit local selection
                        in documents (<a href="#span.attributes" shape="rect">ITS local
                           attributes</a> on a specific element)
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>Global selections
                        in documents (using a <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element)
                     </p>
                     <p>Inside each <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element the precedence order is:
                        	    
                     </p>
                     <ol class="depth2">
                        <li>
                           <p>Any rules inside the rules element</p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>Any rules linked via the XLink <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute
                           </p>
                        </li>
                     </ol>
                     <p>
                        
                     </p>
                     <div class="note">
                        <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                        <p>If identical selections are defined in different rules elements
                           	    within  one document, the selection defined by the last takes
                           	    precedence.
                        </p>
                     </div>
                     <div class="note">
                        <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                        <p>ITS doesn't define precedence related to rules defined or linked
                           	    based on non-ITS mechanisms (such as processing instructions for linking
                           	    rules).
                        </p>
                     </div>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>Selections via defaults
                        for data categories, see <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">Section 6.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories</a></p>
                  </li>
               </ol>
               <p>In case of conflicts between global selections via
                  multiple <a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">rule</a>
                  elements, the last selector has higher precedence.
               </p>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p>The precedence order fulfills the same purpose as the
                     built-in template rules of <a title="XSL Transformations (XSLT)&#xA;                Version 1.0" href="#xslt10" shape="rect">[XSLT 1.0]</a>.
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e2355" id="d3e2355">Example 19: Conflicts between selections of ITS information which are resolved using the
                     precedence order</a><p>The two elements <code>title</code> and <code>author</code> of this document should be treated as separate content when inside a <code>prolog</code> element, but as part of the content of their parent element otherwise. In order to make this distinction two <a class="itsmarkup" href="#withinTextRule" shape="rect">withinTextRule</a> elements are used:
                  </p>
                  <p>The first rule specifies that <code>title</code> and <code>author</code> in general should be treated as an element within text. This overrides the default.
                  </p>
                  <p>The second rule indicates that when <code>title</code> or <code>author</code> are found in a <code>prolog</code> element their content should be treated separately. This is normally the default, but the rule is needed to override the
                     first rule.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;prolog&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//title|//author"/&gt;
   &lt;its:withinTextRule withinText="no" selector="//prolog/title|//prolog/author"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
  &lt;title&gt;Designing User Interfaces&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;author&gt;Janice Prakash&lt;/author&gt;
  &lt;keywords&gt;user interface, ui, software interface&lt;/keywords&gt;
 &lt;/prolog&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;The book &lt;title&gt;Of Mice and Screens&lt;/title&gt; by &lt;author&gt;Aldus 
     Brandywine&lt;/author&gt; is one of the best introductions to the vast 
    topic of designing user interfaces.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                  <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-selection-precedence-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-selection-precedence-1.xml</a>]
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="associating-its-with-existing-markup" id="associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect"></a>5.5 Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup
               </h3>
               <p>Some markup schemes provide markup which can be used to
                  express ITS data categories. ITS data categories can be associated with such existing markup, using
                  the global selection mechanism described in <a class="section-ref" href="#selection-global" shape="rect">Section 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection</a>.
               </p>
               <p>Associating existing markup with ITS data
                  categories can be done only if the processing expectations of the host markup
                  are the same as, or greater than, those of ITS.
               </p>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-associating-its-with-existing-markup-1" id="EX-associating-its-with-existing-markup-1">Example 20: Association of the ITS data categories 
                     Translate and Terminology with DITA 1.0 markup</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;topic
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  id="myTopic"&gt;
 &lt;title&gt;The ITS Topic&lt;/title&gt;
 &lt;prolog&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//*[@translate='no']" translate="no"/&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//*[@translate='yes']" translate="yes"/&gt;
   &lt;its:termRule selector="//term | //dt" term="yes"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/prolog&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;dl&gt;
   &lt;dlentry id="tDataCat"&gt;
    &lt;dt&gt;Data category&lt;/dt&gt;
    &lt;dd&gt;ITS defines &lt;term&gt;data category&lt;/term&gt; as an abstract concept for
    a particular type of information related to internationalization and 
    localization of XML schemas and documents.&lt;/dd&gt;
   &lt;/dlentry&gt;
  &lt;/dl&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;For the implementation of ITS, apply the rules in the order:&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Defaults&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Rules in external files&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Rules in the document&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Local attributes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;
   &lt;ph translate="no" xml:lang="fr"&gt;Et voilà !&lt;/ph&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/topic&gt;</pre></div>
                  <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-associating-its-with-existing-markup-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-associating-its-with-existing-markup-1.xml</a>]
                  </p>
               </div>
               <p>Global rules can be associated with a given XML document using different means:</p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p>By using an <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element in the document itself:
                     </p>
                     <ul>
                        <li>
                           <p>with the rules directly inside the document, as shown in <a href="#EX-associating-its-with-existing-markup-1" shape="rect">Example 20</a></p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>with a link to an external rules file using the XLink <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute, as shown in <a href="#EX-link-external-rules-1" shape="rect">Example 16</a></p>
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p>By associating the rules and the document through a tool-specific mechanism. For example, for a command-line tool: providing
                        the paths of both the XML document to process and its corresponding external rules file.
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </div>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="datacategory-description" id="datacategory-description" shape="rect"></a>6 Description of Data Categories
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is normative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="datacategories-defaults-etc" id="datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect"></a>6.1 Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories
               </h3>
               <p>The following table summarizes for each data category which selection, default value, and inheritance and overriding behavior
                  applies.
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p><em>Default values</em> apply if both local or global selection are absent.
                        The default value for the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category for example mandates that elements are translatable, and attributes are not translatable if there is no <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element and no <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute available.
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p><em>Inheritance</em> describes whether ITS information is applicable to child elements of nodes and attributes related to these nodes or their
                        child notes. The inheritance for the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category for example mandates that all child elements of nodes are translatable whereas all attributes related to these
                        the nodes or their child notes are not translatable.
                     </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p><em>Overriding</em> describes whether ITS information can be overridden or not. Overriding is only applicable for data categories with inheritance.
                        Overriding thus is not applicable for the <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">Terminology</a> and the <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a> data category.
                     </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
               <table border="1" width="100%">
                  <thead>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data category</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Local Usage</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global, rule-based selection</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global adding of information</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global pointing to existing information</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Default Values</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inheritance</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overriding</td>
                     </tr>
                  </thead>
                  <tbody>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <code>translate="yes"</code> for elements, and <code>translate="no"</code> for attributes
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Textual content of element, <em>including</em> content of child elements,
                           but <em>excluding</em> attributes
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <a href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Localization Note</a>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Textual content of element, <em>including</em> content of child elements,
                           but <em>excluding</em> attributes
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">Terminology</a>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <code>term="no"</code>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not applicable</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <code>dir="ltr"</code>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Textual content of element, <em>including</em> attributes and child
                           elements
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not applicable</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">Language Information</a>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Textual content of element, <em>including</em> attributes and child
                           elements
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
                           <code>withinText="no"</code>
                           
                        </td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
                        <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not applicable</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e2689" id="d3e2689">Example 21: Defaults, inheritance and overriding behavior of data categories</a><p>In this example, the content of all the <code>data</code> elements is translatable because the default for
                     the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category in elements is "yes". The content of <code>revision</code> and <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a> is not translatable because the default is overridden by the local <code>its:translate="no"</code> attribute in the <code>prolog</code> element, and that value is inherited by all the children of <code>prolog</code>.
                  </p>
                  <p>The localization note for the two first <code>data</code> elements is the text defined globally with the
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule" shape="rect">locNoteRule</a> element. And this note is overridden for the last <code>data</code> element by the local
                     <code>its:locNote</code> attribute.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;Res
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;prolog
   its:translate="no"&gt;
  &lt;revision&gt;Sep-07-2006&lt;/revision&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//msg/notes" translate="no"/&gt;
   &lt;its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg/data"&gt;
    &lt;its:locNote&gt;The variable {0} is the name of the host.&lt;/its:locNote&gt;
   &lt;/its:locNoteRule&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/prolog&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;msg id="HostNotFound"&gt;
   &lt;data&gt;Host {0} cannot be found.&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/msg&gt;
  &lt;msg id="HostDisconnected"&gt;
   &lt;data&gt;The connection with {0} has been lost.&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/msg&gt;
  &lt;msg id="FileNotFound"&gt;
   &lt;data
     its:locNote="{0} is a filename"&gt;{0} not found.&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/msg&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/Res&gt;</pre></div>
                  <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-datacat-behavior-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-datacat-behavior-1.xml</a>]
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="note">
                  <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                  <p>The data categories differ with respect to defaults. This is due to existing standards and practices. It is common practice
                     for example that information about translation refers only to textual content of an element. Thus, the default selection for
                     the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category is the textual content.
                  </p>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="trans-datacat" id="trans-datacat" shape="rect"></a>6.2 Translate
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="translatability-definition" id="translatability-definition" shape="rect"></a>6.2.1 Definition
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category expresses information
                     about whether the content of an element or attribute
                     should be translated or not. The values of this data
                     category are "yes" (translatable) or
                     "no" (not translatable).
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="translatability-implementation" id="translatability-implementation" shape="rect"></a>6.2.2 Implementation
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. The information applies to the textual
                     content of the element, <em>including</em> child elements, but <em>excluding</em> attributes. The default is that elements are translatable and attributes are not.
                  </p>
                  <p>GLOBAL: The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. It contains an XPath expression which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule.attributes" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute with the value "yes" or "no".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-translate-selector-1" id="EX-translate-selector-1">Example 22: The Translate data category expressed globally</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#translateRule" shape="rect">translateRule</a> element specifies that the elements <code>code</code> must not be translated.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;its:rules
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;its:translateRule translate="no" selector="//code"/&gt;
&lt;/its:rules&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-translate-selector-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-translate-selector-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.translate" shape="rect">translate</a> attribute with the value "yes" or "no".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>It is not possible to override the <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a> data category settings of attributes using local markup. This limitation is consistent with the advised practice of not using
                        translatable attributes.
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-translate-selector-2" id="EX-translate-selector-2">Example 23: The Translate data category expressed locally</a><p>The local <code>its:translate="no"</code> specifies that the content of <code>panelmsg</code> must not be translated.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;messages
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;msg num="123"&gt;Click Resume Button on Status Display or  
    &lt;panelmsg
    its:translate="no"&gt;CONTINUE&lt;/panelmsg&gt; Button
    on printer panel&lt;/msg&gt;
&lt;/messages&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-translate-selector-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-translate-selector-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="translatability-markup" id="translatability-markup" shape="rect"></a>6.2.3 Markup Declarations for Translate
                  </h4>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">translateRule</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="translateRule" id="translateRule" shape="rect"></a>[27]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>translateRule</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       element its:translateRule
                                       {
                                       translateRule.content,
                                       <a href="#translateRule.attributes" shape="rect">translateRule.attributes</a>
                                       }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="translateRule.content" id="translateRule.content" shape="rect"></a>[28]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>translateRule.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> empty</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="translateRule.attributes" id="translateRule.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[29]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>translateRule.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attributes" shape="rect">att.selector.attributes</a>,
                                       attribute translate { "yes" | "no" }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.translate" id="att.translate" shape="rect"></a>att.translate
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.translate.attributes" id="att.translate.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[30]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.translate.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.translate.attribute.translate" shape="rect">att.translate.attribute.translate</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.translate.attribute.translate" id="att.translate.attribute.translate" shape="rect"></a>[31]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.translate.attribute.translate</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:translate { "yes" | "no" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="locNote-datacat" id="locNote-datacat" shape="rect"></a>6.3 Localization Note
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="locNote-definition" id="locNote-definition" shape="rect"></a>6.3.1 Definition
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Localization Note</a> data category is used to
                     communicate notes to localizers about a particular
                     item of content.
                  </p>
                  <p>This data category can be used for several purposes, including, but
                     not limited to:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>Tell the translator how to translate parts of the
                           content
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Expand on the meaning or contextual usage of a
                           specific element, such as what a variable refers to or
                           how a string will be used on the user interface
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Clarify ambiguity and show relationships between
                           items sufficiently to allow correct translation (e.g. in
                           many languages it is impossible to translate the word "<span class="quote">enabled</span>" in isolation without knowing the
                           gender, number and case of the thing it refers
                           to.)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Indicate why a piece of text is emphasized
                           (important, sarcastic, etc.)
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p>Two types of informative notes are needed:</p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>An alert contains information that the translator
                           must read before translating a piece of text. Example:
                           an instruction to the translator to leave parts of the
                           text in the source language.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>A description provides useful background
                           information that the translator will refer to only if
                           they wish. Example: a clarification of ambiguity in the
                           source text.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p>Editing tools may offer an easy way to create this type of information.
                     Translation tools can be made to recognize the difference between these two
                     types of localization notes, and present the information to translators
                     in different ways.
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="locNote-implementation" id="locNote-implementation" shape="rect"></a>6.3.2 Implementation
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Localization Note</a> data category can be expressed with global
                     rules, or locally on an individual element. The information applies to the textual
                     content of the element, <em>including</em> child elements,
                     but <em>excluding</em> attributes.
                  </p>
                  <p id="locNote-global">GLOBAL: The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule" shape="rect">locNoteRule</a> element contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. It contains an XPath expression which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNoteType</a> attribute with the value "description" or "alert".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Exactly one of the following:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a> element that contains the note itself and allows for <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">local ITS markup</a>.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNotePointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the localization note.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect">locNoteRef</a> attribute that contains a URI referring to the location of the localization note.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNoteRefPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the URI referring to the location of the
                                 localization note.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-locNote-element-1" id="EX-locNote-element-1">Example 24: The locNote element</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule" shape="rect">locNoteRule</a> element associates the content of the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a> element with the message with the identifier 'DisableInfo' and flags it as important. This would also work if the rule was
                        in an external file, allowing to provide notes without modifying the source document.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;myRes
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"
    its:translate="no"&gt;
   &lt;its:locNoteRule locNoteType="alert" selector="//msg[@id='DisableInfo']"&gt;
    &lt;its:locNote&gt;The variable {0} has three possible values: 'printer', 
        'stacker' and 'stapler options'.&lt;/its:locNote&gt;
   &lt;/its:locNoteRule&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;msg id="DisableInfo"&gt;The {0} has been disabled.&lt;/msg&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/myRes&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-locNote-element-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-locNote-element-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-locNotePointer-attribute-1" id="EX-locNotePointer-attribute-1">Example 25: The locNotePointer attribute</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNotePointer</a> attribute is a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the note.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;Res
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;prolog&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:translateRule selector="//msg/notes" translate="no"/&gt;
   &lt;its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg/data" locNotePointer="../notes"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/prolog&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;msg id="FileNotFound"&gt;
   &lt;notes&gt;Indicates that the resource file {0} could not be loaded.&lt;/notes&gt;
   &lt;data&gt;Cannot find the file {0}.&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/msg&gt;
  &lt;msg id="DivByZero"&gt;
   &lt;notes&gt;A division by 0 was going to be computed.&lt;/notes&gt;
   &lt;data&gt;Invalid parameter.&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/msg&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/Res&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-locNotePointer-attribute-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-locNotePointer-attribute-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-locNoteRef-attribute-1" id="EX-locNoteRef-attribute-1">Example 26: The locNoteRef attribute</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule" shape="rect">locNoteRule</a> element specifies that the message with the identifier 'NotFound' has a corresponding explanation note in an
                        external file. The URI for the exact location of the note is stored in the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNoteRef</a> attribute.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;myRes
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg[@id='NotFound']" locNoteRef="ErrorsInfo.html#NotFound"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;msg id="NotFound"&gt;Cannot find {0} on {1}.&lt;/msg&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/myRes&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-locNoteRef-attribute-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-locNoteRef-attribute-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e3088" id="d3e3088">Example 27: The locNoteRefPointer attribute</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNoteRefPointer</a> attribute contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the URI referring to the location of the note.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;dataFile
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;prolog&gt;
  &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//data" locNoteRefPointer="../@noteFile"/&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/prolog&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;string id="FileNotFound" noteFile="Comments.html#FileNotFound"&gt;
   &lt;data&gt;Cannot find the file {0}.&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/string&gt;
  &lt;string id="DivByZero" noteFile="Comments.html#DivByZero"&gt;
   &lt;data&gt;Invalid parameter.&lt;/data&gt;
  &lt;/string&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/dataFile&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-locNoteRefPointer-attribute-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-locNoteRefPointer-attribute-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the <a href="#locNote-datacat" shape="rect">Localization Note</a> data category:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>One of the following:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a> attribute that contains the note itself.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect">locNoteRef</a> attribute that contains a URI referring to the location of the localization note.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect">locNoteType</a> attribute with the value "description" or "alert". If the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect">locNoteType</a> attribute is not present, the type of localization note will be assumed to be "description". 
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e3146" id="d3e3146">Example 28: The Localization Note data category expressed locally</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;msgList
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  xml:space="preserve"
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;data name="LISTFILTERS_VARIANT"
   its:locNote="Keep the leading space!"
   its:locNoteType="alert"&gt;
  &lt;value&gt; Variant {0} = {1} ({2})&lt;/value&gt;
 &lt;/data&gt;
 &lt;data
   its:locNote="%1\$s is the original text's date in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM always in GMT"&gt;
  &lt;value&gt;Translated from English content dated &lt;span id="version-info"&gt;%1\$s&lt;/span&gt; GMT.&lt;/value&gt;
 &lt;/data&gt;
&lt;/msgList&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-locNote-selector-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-locNote-selector-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>It is generally recommended to avoid using attributes to store text, however, in this specific case, the need to provide the
                        notes without interfering with
                        the structure of the host document is outweighing the drawbacks of using an
                        attribute.
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="locNote-markup" id="locNote-markup" shape="rect"></a>6.3.3 Markup Declarations for Localization Note
                  </h4>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">locNoteRule</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="locNoteRule" id="locNoteRule" shape="rect"></a>[32]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>locNoteRule</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       element its:locNoteRule { locNoteRule.content, <a href="#locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect">locNoteRule.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="locNoteRule.content" id="locNoteRule.content" shape="rect"></a>[33]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>locNoteRule.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#locNote" shape="rect">locNote</a>?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="locNoteRule.attributes" id="locNoteRule.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[34]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>locNoteRule.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attributes" shape="rect">att.selector.attributes</a>,
                                       attribute locNotePointer { string }?,
                                       attribute locNoteType { "alert" | "description" },
                                       attribute locNoteRef { xsd:anyURI }?,
                                       attribute locNoteRefPointer { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">locNote</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="locNote" id="locNote" shape="rect"></a>[35]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>locNote</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:locNote { locNote.content, <a href="#locNote.attributes" shape="rect">locNote.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="locNote.content" id="locNote.content" shape="rect"></a>[36]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>locNote.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> ( text | <a href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> | <a href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> )*</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="locNote.attributes" id="locNote.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[37]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>locNote.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.locNote" id="att.locNote" shape="rect"></a>att.locNote
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.locNote.attributes" id="att.locNote.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[38]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.locNote.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.locNote.attribute.locNote" shape="rect">att.locNote.attribute.locNote</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.locNote.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect">att.locNote.attribute.locNoteType</a>,
                                       <a href="#att.locNote.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect">att.locNote.attribute.locNoteRef</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.locNote.attribute.locNote" id="att.locNote.attribute.locNote" shape="rect"></a>[39]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.locNote.attribute.locNote</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:locNote { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.locNote.attribute.locNoteType" id="att.locNote.attribute.locNoteType" shape="rect"></a>[40]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.locNote.attribute.locNoteType</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       attribute its:locNoteType { "alert" | "description" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.locNote.attribute.locNoteRef" id="att.locNote.attribute.locNoteRef" shape="rect"></a>[41]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.locNote.attribute.locNoteRef</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:locNoteRef { xsd:anyURI }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="terminology" id="terminology" shape="rect"></a>6.4 Terminology
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="terminology-definition" id="terminology-definition" shape="rect"></a>6.4.1 Definition
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">Terminology</a> data category is used to mark terms and optionally
                     associate them with information, such as definitions. This helps to increase consistency across different
                     parts of the documentation. It is also helpful for translation.
                  </p>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>Existing terminology standards such as <a title="Machine-readable terminology interchange format (MARTIF) -- Negotiated interchange" href="#iso12200" shape="rect">[ISO 12200]</a> and its derived formats are about coding terminology data, while the ITS <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">Terminology</a> data category simply allows to identify terms in XML documents and optionally to point to corresponding information.
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="terminology-implementation" id="terminology-implementation" shape="rect"></a>6.4.2 Implementation
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">Terminology</a> data category can be expressed with global
                     rules, or locally on an individual element. There is no inheritance. The default is that neither elements nor attributes are
                     terms.
                  </p>
                  <p>GLOBAL: The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule" shape="rect">termRule</a> element contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. It contains an XPath expression which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">term</a> attribute with the value "yes" or "no".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>Exactly one of the following:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the terminology information.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect">termInfoRef</a> attribute that contains a URI referring to the resource providing information about the term.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoRefPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the URI referring to the location of the
                                 terminology information.
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e3341" id="d3e3341">Example 29: Usage of the termInfoPointer attribute</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
  &lt;its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes" termInfoPointer="id(@def)"/&gt;
 &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;We may define &lt;term def="TDPV"&gt;discoursal point of view&lt;/term&gt;
 as &lt;gloss xml:id="TDPV"&gt;the relationship, expressed through discourse
  structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
  and the fiction.&lt;/gloss&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-terms-selector-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-terms-selector-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e3354" id="d3e3354">Example 30: Usage of the termInfoRef attribute</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
  &lt;its:termRule selector="//term[1]" term="yes" termInfoRef="#TDPV"/&gt;
 &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;We may define &lt;term&gt;discoursal point of view&lt;/term&gt;
 as &lt;gloss xml:id="TDPV"&gt;the relationship, expressed through discourse
  structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
  and the fiction.&lt;/gloss&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-terms-selector-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-terms-selector-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e3367" id="d3e3367">Example 31: Usage of the termInfoRefPointer attribute</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
  &lt;its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes" termInfoRefPointer="@target"/&gt;
 &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;We may define &lt;term target="#TDPV"&gt;discoursal point of view&lt;/term&gt;
 as &lt;gloss xml:id="TDPV"&gt;the relationship, expressed through discourse
  structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
  and the fiction.&lt;/gloss&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-terms-selector-3.xml" shape="rect">EX-terms-selector-3.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">Terminology</a> data category:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.term" shape="rect">term</a> attribute with the value "yes" or "no".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect">termInfoRef</a> attribute that contains a URI referring to the resource providing information about the term.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e3404" id="d3e3404">Example 32: The Terminology data category expressed locally</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;book
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;...&lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt; ...  &lt;p&gt;And he said: you need a
   new &lt;quote
     its:term="yes"&gt;motherboard&lt;/quote&gt;
  &lt;/p&gt; ...
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/book&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-terms-selector-4.xml" shape="rect">EX-terms-selector-4.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="terminology-markup" id="terminology-markup" shape="rect"></a>6.4.3 Markup Declarations for Terminology
                  </h4>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">termRule</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="termRule" id="termRule" shape="rect"></a>[42]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>termRule</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:termRule { termRule.content, <a href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termRule.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="termRule.content" id="termRule.content" shape="rect"></a>[43]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>termRule.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> empty</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="termRule.attributes" id="termRule.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[44]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>termRule.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attributes" shape="rect">att.selector.attributes</a>,
                                       attribute term { "yes" | "no" },
                                       attribute termInfoRef { xsd:anyURI }?,
                                       attribute termInfoRefPointer { string }?,
                                       attribute termInfoPointer { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.term" id="att.term" shape="rect"></a>att.term
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.term.attributes" id="att.term.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[45]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.term.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.term.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect">att.term.attribute.termInfoRef</a>, <a href="#att.term.attribute.term" shape="rect">att.term.attribute.term</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.term.attribute.termInfoRef" id="att.term.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect"></a>[46]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.term.attribute.termInfoRef</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:termInfoRef { xsd:anyURI }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.term.attribute.term" id="att.term.attribute.term" shape="rect"></a>[47]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.term.attribute.term</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:term { "yes" | "no" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="directionality" id="directionality" shape="rect"></a>6.5 Directionality
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="directionality-definition" id="directionality-definition" shape="rect"></a>6.5.1 Definition
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> data category allows the user to specify the base writing direction of blocks, embeddings and overrides for the Unicode bidirectional
                     algorithm. It has four values: "ltr", "rtl", "lro" and "rlo".
                  </p>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>ITS defines only the values of the <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> data category and their inheritance. The behavior of text labeled in this way may vary, according
                        to the implementation. Implementers are encouraged, however, to model the
                        behavior on that described in the CSS 2.1 specification or its successor. In
                        such a case, the effect of the data category's values would correspond to
                        the following CSS rules:
                     </p>
                     <ul>
                        <li>
                           <p>Data category value: "ltr" (left-to-right text)</p>
                           <p>CSS rule: <code>*[dir="ltr"] { unicode-bidi: embed; direction: ltr}</code>
                              
                           </p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>Data category value: "rtl" (right-to-left text)</p>
                           <p>CSS rule: <code>*[dir="rtl"] { unicode-bidi: embed; direction: rtl}</code>
                              
                           </p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>Data category value: "rlo" (left-to-right override)</p>
                           <p>CSS rule: <code>*[dir="lro"] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction: ltr}</code>
                              
                           </p>
                        </li>
                        <li>
                           <p>Data category value: "rlo" (right-to-left text)</p>
                           <p>CSS rule: <code>*[dir="rlo"] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction: rtl}</code>
                              
                           </p>
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                     <p>More information about how to use this data category is provided by <a title="What you need to know about the bidi algorithm and inline markup" href="#bidiarticle" shape="rect">[Bidi Article]</a>.
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="directionality-implementation" id="directionality-implementation" shape="rect"></a>6.5.2 Implementation
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. The information applies to the textual
                     content of the element, <em>including</em> child elements and attributes. The default is that both elements and attributes have the directionality of left-to-right.
                  </p>
                  <p>GLOBAL: The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#dirRule" shape="rect">dirRule</a> element contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. It contains an XPath expression which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#dirRule.attributes" shape="rect">dir</a> attribute with the value "ltr", "rtl", "lro" or "rlo".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-dir-selector-1.xml" id="EX-dir-selector-1.xml">Example 33: Document which needs global rules for directionality</a><p>In this document the right-to-left directionality is marked using a <code>direction</code> attribute with a value "rtlText".
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text xml:lang="en"&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;par&gt;In Hebrew, the title &lt;quote xml:lang="he" direction="rtlText"&gt;<span dir="rtl">פעילות הבינאום, W3C</span>&lt;/quote&gt;
     means &lt;quote&gt;Internationalization Activity, W3C&lt;/quote&gt;.&lt;/par&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-dir-selector-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-dir-selector-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-dir-selector-2.xml" id="EX-dir-selector-2.xml">Example 34: The Directionality data category expressed with global rules</a><p>The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#dirRule" shape="rect">dirRule</a> element indicates that all elements with an attribute <code>direction="rtlText"</code> have right-to-left content.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;its:rules
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;its:dirRule dir="rtl" selector="//*[@direction='rtlText']"/&gt;
&lt;/its:rules&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-dir-selector-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-dir-selector-2.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> data category:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.dir" shape="rect">dir</a> attribute with the value "ltr", "rtl", "lro" or "rlo".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e3662" id="d3e3662">Example 35: The Directionality data category expressed locally</a><p>On the first <code>quote</code> element, the <code>its:dir="rtl"</code> attribute indicates a right-to-left content.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  xml:lang="en"
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;par&gt;In Arabic, the title &lt;quote xml:lang="ar"
     its:dir="rtl"&gt;<span dir="rtl">نشاط التدويل، W3C</span>&lt;/quote&gt;
     means &lt;quote&gt;Internationalization Activity, W3C&lt;/quote&gt;.&lt;/par&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-dir-selector-3.xml" shape="rect">EX-dir-selector-3.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="directionality-markup" id="directionality-markup" shape="rect"></a>6.5.3 Markup Declarations for Directionality
                  </h4>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">dirRule</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="dirRule" id="dirRule" shape="rect"></a>[48]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>dirRule</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:dirRule { dirRule.content, <a href="#dirRule.attributes" shape="rect">dirRule.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="dirRule.content" id="dirRule.content" shape="rect"></a>[49]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>dirRule.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> empty</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="dirRule.attributes" id="dirRule.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[50]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>dirRule.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attributes" shape="rect">att.selector.attributes</a>,
                                       attribute dir { "ltr" | "rtl" | "lro" | "rlo" }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label"><a name="att.dir" id="att.dir" shape="rect"></a>att.dir
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.dir.attributes" id="att.dir.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[51]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.dir.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.dir.attribute.dir" shape="rect">att.dir.attribute.dir</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="att.dir.attribute.dir" id="att.dir.attribute.dir" shape="rect"></a>[52]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>att.dir.attribute.dir</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> attribute its:dir { "ltr" | "rtl" | "lro" | "rlo" }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="ruby-annotation" id="ruby-annotation" shape="rect"></a>6.6 Ruby
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="ruby-definition" id="ruby-definition" shape="rect"></a>6.6.1 Definition
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a> data category is used for a run of text that
                     is associated with another run of text, referred to as the
                     base text. Ruby text is used to provide a short annotation
                     of the associated base text. It is most often used to
                     provide a reading (pronunciation) guide.
                  </p>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="ruby-implementation" id="ruby-implementation" shape="rect"></a>6.6.2 Implementation
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a> data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally. There is no inheritance.
                  </p>
                  <p>GLOBAL: The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule" shape="rect">rubyRule</a> element contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. It contains an XPath expression which selects the nodes to which this rule applies. This is the ruby base text.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rubyPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to the ruby element.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rpPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to the ruby parenthesis.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rbcPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to the ruby base container.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rtcPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to the ruby text container.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rbspanPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyText.attributes" shape="rect">rbspan</a> attribute.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyText" shape="rect">rubyText</a> element that contains the ruby
                           text.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rtPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to the ruby text.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>Where legacy formats do not contain ruby markup, it is still possible to associate ruby text with a specified range of document
                        content using the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyRule" shape="rect">rubyRule</a> element.
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-ruby-legacy-1" id="EX-ruby-legacy-1">Example 36: Adding ruby text with a rubyRule element</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" &gt;
 &lt;head&gt; ... 
   &lt;its:rules version="1.0"&gt;
   &lt;its:rubyRule selector="/text/body/img[1]/@alt"&gt;
    &lt;its:rubyText&gt;World Wide Web Consortium&lt;/its:rubyText&gt;
   &lt;/its:rubyRule&gt;
  &lt;/its:rules&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;img src="w3c_home.png" alt="W3C"/&gt; ...
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-ruby-legacy-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-ruby-legacy-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <p>LOCAL: In a document, the <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a> data category is realized with a
                     <a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> element. It contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>An <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rb" shape="rect">rb</a> element that contains the ruby base text and allows for <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">local ITS markup</a>.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rp" shape="rect">rp</a> element that contains the ruby parenthesis. It is used in case of simple markup to specify characters that can denote the
                           beginning and end of ruby text when user agents do not have other ways to present ruby text distinctively from the base text.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rt" shape="rect">rt</a> element that contains the ruby text and allows for <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">local ITS markup</a>. It has an optional <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyText.attributes" shape="rect">rbspan</a> attribute. The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyText.attributes" shape="rect">rbspan</a> attribute allows an <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rt" shape="rect">rt</a> element to span multiple <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rb" shape="rect">rb</a> elements.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rbc" shape="rect">rbc</a> element that contains the ruby base container.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>An <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rtc" shape="rect">rtc</a> element that contains the ruby text container.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p>All these elements share the attributes of the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> element. 
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-ruby-implementation-1" id="EX-ruby-implementation-1">Example 37: The Ruby data category expressed locally</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;text
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" 
  its:version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;head&gt; ... &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;この本は &lt;its:ruby&gt;
    &lt;its:rb&gt;慶応義塾大学&lt;/its:rb&gt;
    &lt;its:rp&gt;(&lt;/its:rp&gt;
    &lt;its:rt&gt;けいおうぎじゅくだいがく&lt;/its:rt&gt;
    &lt;its:rp&gt;)&lt;/its:rp&gt;
   &lt;/its:ruby&gt;の歴史を説明するものです。&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/text&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-ruby-implementation-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-ruby-implementation-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>The structure of the content model for the
                        <a class="itsmarkup" href="#ruby" shape="rect">ruby</a> element is identical with the structure of
                        ruby markup as defined in <a title="Ruby Annotation" href="#ruby-tr" shape="rect">[Ruby-TR]</a>. An implementation of the <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a> data category is encouraged, but not mandated follow the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ruby/#conformance" shape="rect">conformance criteria for ruby</a> defined in that specification.
                     </p>
                     <p>The structure of ruby defined in section 5.4 of <a title="OASIS&#xA;                Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument)." href="#opendocument" shape="rect">[OpenDocument]</a> is also compliant with
                        ruby defined in this specification.
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="ruby-markup" id="ruby-markup" shape="rect"></a>6.6.3 Markup Declarations for Ruby
                  </h4>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">rubyRule</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rubyRule" id="rubyRule" shape="rect"></a>[53]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rubyRule</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rubyRule { rubyRule.content, <a href="#rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect">rubyRule.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rubyRule.content" id="rubyRule.content" shape="rect"></a>[54]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rubyRule.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#rubyText" shape="rect">rubyText</a>?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rubyRule.attributes" id="rubyRule.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[55]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rubyRule.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attributes" shape="rect">att.selector.attributes</a>,
                                       attribute rubyPointer { string }?,
                                       attribute rtPointer { string }?,
                                       attribute rpPointer { string }?,
                                       attribute rbcPointer { string }?,
                                       attribute rtcPointer { string }?,
                                       attribute rbspanPointer { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">rubyText</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rubyText" id="rubyText" shape="rect"></a>[56]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rubyText</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rubyText { rubyText.content, <a href="#rubyText.attributes" shape="rect">rubyText.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rubyText.content" id="rubyText.content" shape="rect"></a>[57]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rubyText.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> text</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rubyText.attributes" id="rubyText.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[58]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rubyText.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>, attribute rbspan { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">ruby</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="ruby" id="ruby" shape="rect"></a>[59]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>ruby</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:ruby { ruby.content, <a href="#ruby.attributes" shape="rect">ruby.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="ruby.content" id="ruby.content" shape="rect"></a>[60]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>ruby.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> ( <a href="#rb" shape="rect">rb</a>, ( <a href="#rt" shape="rect">rt</a> | ( <a href="#rp" shape="rect">rp</a>, <a href="#rt" shape="rect">rt</a>, <a href="#rp" shape="rect">rp</a> ) ) ) | ( <a href="#rbc" shape="rect">rbc</a>, <a href="#rtc" shape="rect">rtc</a>, <a href="#rtc" shape="rect">rtc</a>? )</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="ruby.attributes" id="ruby.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[61]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>ruby.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">rb</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rb" id="rb" shape="rect"></a>[62]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rb</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rb { rb.content, <a href="#rb.attributes" shape="rect">rb.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rb.content" id="rb.content" shape="rect"></a>[63]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rb.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> ( text | <a href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> )*</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rb.attributes" id="rb.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[64]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rb.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">rt</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rt" id="rt" shape="rect"></a>[65]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rt</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rt { rt.content, <a href="#rt.attributes" shape="rect">rt.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rt.content" id="rt.content" shape="rect"></a>[66]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rt.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> ( text | <a href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> )*</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rt.attributes" id="rt.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[67]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rt.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>, attribute rbspan { string }?</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">rbc</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rbc" id="rbc" shape="rect"></a>[68]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rbc</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rbc { rbc.content, <a href="#rbc.attributes" shape="rect">rbc.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rbc.content" id="rbc.content" shape="rect"></a>[69]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rbc.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#rb" shape="rect">rb</a>+</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rbc.attributes" id="rbc.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[70]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rbc.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">rtc</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rtc" id="rtc" shape="rect"></a>[71]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rtc</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rtc { rtc.content, <a href="#rtc.attributes" shape="rect">rtc.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rtc.content" id="rtc.content" shape="rect"></a>[72]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rtc.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#rt" shape="rect">rt</a>+</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rtc.attributes" id="rtc.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[73]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rtc.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                     <dt class="label">rp</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rp" id="rp" shape="rect"></a>[74]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rp</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:rp { rp.content, <a href="#rp.attributes" shape="rect">rp.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rp.content" id="rp.content" shape="rect"></a>[75]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rp.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> text</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="rp.attributes" id="rp.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[76]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>rp.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">att.local.no-ns.attributes</a>
                                       </code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="language-information" id="language-information" shape="rect"></a>6.7 Language Information
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="langinfo-definition" id="langinfo-definition" shape="rect"></a>6.7.1 Definition
                  </h4>
                  <p>The element <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule" shape="rect">langRule</a> is used to express the language of a given piece of
                     content. The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule.attributes" shape="rect">langPointer</a> attribute points to the markup which expresses the
                     language of the text selected by the selector attribute. This markup <a href="#rfc-keywords" shape="rect">MUST</a> use
                     values that conform to <a title="Tags for Identifying Languages" href="#bcp47" shape="rect">[BCP47]</a>. The recommended way to specify language identification is to use <code>xml:lang</code>. The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule" shape="rect">langRule</a> element is intended only as a fall-back
                     mechanism for documents where language is identified with another construct.
                  </p>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="EX-lang-definition-1" id="EX-lang-definition-1">Example 38: Pointing to language information via langRule
                        </a><p>The following <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule" shape="rect">langRule</a> element expresses that
                        the content of all <code>p</code> elements (including attribute values and
                        textual content of child elements) are in the language indicated
                        by <code>mylangattribute</code>, which is attached to the <code>p</code> elements, 
                        and expresses language using values conformant to <a title="Tags for Identifying Languages" href="#bcp47" shape="rect">[BCP47]</a>.
                     </p>
                     <div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;its:rules
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;its:langRule selector="//p" langPointer="@mylangattribute"/&gt;
&lt;/its:rules&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-lang-definition-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-lang-definition-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
                  <div class="note">
                     <p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p>
                     <p>The <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">Language Information</a> data category only provides for rules to be
                        expressed at a global level. Locally users are able to use <code>xml:lang</code> (which is defined by XML) or an attribute
                        specific to the format in question (as in <a href="#EX-lang-definition-1" shape="rect">Example 38</a>).
                     </p>
                     <p>
                        <code>xml:lang</code> is the preferable means of language identification. To ease the
                        usage of <code>xml:lang</code>, a declaration for this attribute is part of the
                        non-normative XML DTD and XML Schema document for ITS markup
                        declarations. There is no declaration of <code>xml:lang</code> in the non-normative
                        RELAX NG document for ITS, since in RELAX NG it is not necessary to
                        declare attributes from the XML namespace.
                     </p>
                     <p>Applying the <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">Language Information</a> data category to <code>xml:lang</code> attributes using global rules is not necessary, since <code>xml:lang</code> is the standard way to specify language information in XML. <code>xml:lang</code> is defined in terms of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-lang-tag" shape="rect">RFC 3066 or its successor</a> (<a title="Tags for Identifying Languages" href="#bcp47" shape="rect">[BCP47]</a> is the "Best Common Practice" for language identification and encompasses <a title="Tags for the Identification of Languages" href="#rfc3066" shape="rect">[RFC 3066]</a> and its successors.)
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="langinfo-implementation" id="langinfo-implementation" shape="rect"></a>6.7.2 Implementation
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">Language Information</a> data category can be expressed only with global rules. The information applies to the textual content of the element, <em>including</em> child elements and attributes. There is no default.
                  </p>
                  <p>GLOBAL: The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule" shape="rect">langRule</a> element contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. It contains an XPath expression which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule.attributes" shape="rect">langPointer</a> attribute that contains a relative XPath expression pointing to a node that contains language information.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="langinfo-markup" id="langinfo-markup" shape="rect"></a>6.7.3 Markup Declarations for Language Information
                  </h4>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">langRule</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="langRule" id="langRule" shape="rect"></a>[77]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>langRule</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> element its:langRule { langRule.content, <a href="#langRule.attributes" shape="rect">langRule.attributes</a> }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="langRule.content" id="langRule.content" shape="rect"></a>[78]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>langRule.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> empty</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="langRule.attributes" id="langRule.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[79]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>langRule.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> 
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attributes" shape="rect">att.selector.attributes</a>, attribute langPointer { string }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
            <div class="div2">
               
               <h3><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="elements-within-text" id="elements-within-text" shape="rect"></a>6.8 Elements Within Text
               </h3>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="within-text-definition" id="within-text-definition" shape="rect"></a>6.8.1 Definition
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a> data category reveals if and how an element affects the way text content behaves from a linguistic viewpoint. This information
                     is for example relevant to provide basic text segmentation hints for tools such as translation memory systems. The values
                     associated with this data category are:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           "yes" : The element and its content are part of the flow of its parent element. For example the element <code>strong</code> in <a title="XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible&#xA;                HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)" href="#xhtml10" shape="rect">[XHTML 1.0]</a>:
                        </p>
                        <p>
                           <code>&lt;strong&gt;Appaloosa horses&lt;/strong&gt; have spotted coats.</code>
                           
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           "nested" : The element is part of the flow of its parent element, its content is an independent flow. For example the element
                           <code>fn</code> in <a title="OASIS Darwin Information Typing&#xA;Architecture (DITA) Language Specification v1.0" href="#dita10" shape="rect">[DITA 1.0]</a>:
                        </p>
                        <p>
                           <code>Palouse horses&lt;fn&gt;A Palouse horse is the same as an Appaloosa.&lt;/fn&gt; have
                              spotted coats.</code>
                           
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           "no" : The element splits the text flow of its parent element and its content is an independent text flow. For example the
                           element <code>p</code> when inside the element <code>li</code> in DITA or XHTML:
                        </p>
                        <p>
                           <code>&lt;li&gt;Palouse horses:
                              &lt;p&gt;They have spotted coats.&lt;/p&gt;
                              &lt;p&gt;They have been bred by the Nez Perce.&lt;/p&gt;
                              &lt;/li&gt;</code>
                           
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="within-text-implementation" id="within-text-implementation" shape="rect"></a>6.8.2 Implementation
                  </h4>
                  <p>The <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a> data category can be expressed only with global rules. There is no inheritance. The default is that elements are not within
                     text.
                  </p>
                  <p>GLOBAL: The <a class="itsmarkup" href="#withinTextRule" shape="rect">withinTextRule</a> element contains the following:
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a> attribute. It contains an XPath expression which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>A required <a class="itsmarkup" href="#withinTextRule.attributes" shape="rect">withinText</a> attribute with the value "yes", "no" or "nested".
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e4452" id="d3e4452">Example 39: Specifying elements within text with a withinTextRule element</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;its:rules
  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"  version="1.0"&gt;
 &lt;its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//b | //em | //i"/&gt;
&lt;/its:rules&gt;</pre></div>
                     <p>[Source file: <a href="EX-within-text-implementation-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-within-text-implementation-1.xml</a>]
                     </p>
                  </div>
               </div>
               <div class="div3">
                  
                  <h4><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="within-text-markup" id="within-text-markup" shape="rect"></a>6.8.3 Markup Declarations for Elements Within Text
                  </h4>
                  <dl>
                     <dt class="label">withinTextRule</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <table class="scrap" summary="Scrap">
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="withinTextRule" id="withinTextRule" shape="rect"></a>[80]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>withinTextRule</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       element its:withinTextRule
                                       {
                                       withinTextRule.content,
                                       <a href="#withinTextRule.attributes" shape="rect">withinTextRule.attributes</a>
                                       }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="withinTextRule.content" id="withinTextRule.content" shape="rect"></a>[81]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>withinTextRule.content</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code> empty</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                           <tbody>
                              <tr valign="baseline">
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a name="withinTextRule.attributes" id="withinTextRule.attributes" shape="rect"></a>[82]   
                                 </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>withinTextRule.attributes</code></td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">   ::=   </td>
                                 <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><code>
                                       
                                       <a href="#att.selector.attributes" shape="rect">att.selector.attributes</a>,
                                       attribute withinText { "yes" | "no" | "nested" }</code></td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </dd>
                  </dl>
               </div>
            </div>
         </div>
      </div>
      <div class="back">
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="normative-references" id="normative-references" shape="rect"></a>A References
            </h2>
            <dl>
               <dt class="label"><a name="bcp47" id="bcp47" shape="rect"></a>BCP47
               </dt>
               <dd>Addison Phillips, Mark Davis. <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt" shape="rect"><cite>Tags for Identifying Languages</cite></a>, September 2006. Available at <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt" shape="rect">
                     http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt</a>.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="qa-framework" id="qa-framework" shape="rect"></a>QAFRAMEWORK
               </dt>
               <dd>Karl Dubost, Lynne Rosental, Dominique
                  Hazaël-Massieux, Lofton Henderson. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/" shape="rect"><cite>QA Framework:
                        Specification Guidelines</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 17 August 2005. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/</a>. The latest version of
                  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/qaframe-spec/" shape="rect">QAFRAMEWORK</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/qaframe-spec/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="relaxng" id="relaxng" shape="rect"></a>RELAX NG
               </dt>
               <dd>Information technology -- Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) -- Part 2:  <cite>Regular-grammar-based validation -- RELAX NG</cite>. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="rfc2119" id="rfc2119" shape="rect"></a>RFC 2119
               </dt>
               <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt" shape="rect">Key Words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                     Requirement Levels</a>. IETF RFC 2119, March 1997. Available at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt" shape="rect">
                     http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>. 
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="rfc3987" id="rfc3987" shape="rect"></a>RFC 3987
               </dt>
               <dd>Martin Dürst, Michel Suignard. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt" shape="rect"><cite>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)</cite></a>. RFC 3987, January 2005. See <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt" shape="rect">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt</a>.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xlink1" id="xlink1" shape="rect"></a>XLink 1.0
               </dt>
               <dd>Steve DeRose, Eve Maler, David Orchard. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/" shape="rect"><cite>XML Linking Language
                        1.0</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 27 June 2001. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xlink/" shape="rect">XLink 1.0</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/xlink/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xml10spec" id="xml10spec" shape="rect"></a>XML 1.0
               </dt>
               <dd>Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C.M. Sperberg-McQueen, et al., editors. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/" shape="rect"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition)</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/" shape="rect">XML 1.0</a> is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xmlinfoset" id="xmlinfoset" shape="rect"></a>XML Infoset
               </dt>
               <dd>John Cowan, Richard Tobin. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/" shape="rect"><cite>XML Information Set
                        (Second Edition)</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 4 February 2004. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-infoset/" shape="rect">XML Infoset</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-infoset/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xmlns" id="xmlns" shape="rect"></a>XML Names
               </dt>
               <dd>Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman, Richard Tobin. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816/" shape="rect"><cite>Namespaces in
                        XML (Second Edition)</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/" shape="rect">XML Names</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xmlschema1" id="xmlschema1" shape="rect"></a>XML Schema
               </dt>
               <dd>Henry S. Thompson, David Beech, Murray Maloney,
                  Noah Mendelsohn. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/" shape="rect"><cite>XML Schema Part 1:
                        Structures Second Edition</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/" shape="rect">XML Schema</a> is
                  available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xpath" id="xpath" shape="rect"></a>XPath 1.0
               </dt>
               <dd>James Clark. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116" shape="rect"><cite>XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 16 November 1999. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath" shape="rect">XPath 1.0</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath.
               </dd>
            </dl>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="informative-references" id="informative-references" shape="rect"></a>B References (Non-Normative)
            </h2>
            <dl>
               <dt class="label"><a name="bidiarticle" id="bidiarticle" shape="rect"></a>Bidi Article
               </dt>
               <dd>Richard Ishida.
                  <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/" shape="rect"><cite>What you need to know about the bidi algorithm and inline markup</cite></a>. Article of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/" shape="rect">W3C Internationalization Activity</a>,
                  June 2005.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="css2-1" id="css2-1" shape="rect"></a>CSS 2.1
               </dt>
               <dd> Bert Bos, Tantek Çelik, Ian Hickson Håkon Wium Lie.
                  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-CSS21-20060411/" shape="rect"><cite>Cascading Style Sheets,
                        level 2 revision 1
                        CSS 2.1 Specification</cite></a>. W3C Working Draft 11 April 2006. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-CSS21-20060411/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-CSS21-20060411/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/" shape="rect">CSS2</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="dita10" id="dita10" shape="rect"></a>DITA 1.0
               </dt>
               <dd>Michael Priestley, JoAnn Hackos, et. al., editors. <a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/15316/dita10.zip" shape="rect"><cite>OASIS Darwin Information Typing
                        Architecture (DITA) Language Specification v1.0</cite></a>. OASIS Standard 9 May 2005. Available at <a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/15316/dita10.zip" shape="rect">http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/15316/dita10.zip</a>.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="docbook" id="docbook" shape="rect"></a>DocBook
               </dt>
               <dd>Norman Walsh and Leonard Muellner. <a href="http://www.docbook.org/" shape="rect"><cite>DocBook: The Definitive Guide</cite></a>. Available at <a href="http://www.docbook.org/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.docbook.org/</a>.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="geo-i18n-l10n" id="geo-i18n-l10n" shape="rect"></a>l10n i18n
               </dt>
               <dd>Richard Ishida, Susan Miller. <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-i18n" shape="rect">Localization vs.
                     Internationalization</a>. Article of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/" shape="rect">W3C Internationalization Activity</a>,
                  January 2006.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="iso12200" id="iso12200" shape="rect"></a>ISO 12200
               </dt>
               <dd>(International Organization for Standardization). <cite>Machine-readable terminology interchange format (MARTIF) -- Negotiated interchange</cite>. [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1999.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="itsreq" id="itsreq" shape="rect"></a>ITS REQ
               </dt>
               <dd>Yves Savourel. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/" shape="rect"><cite>Internationalization and
                        Localization Markup Requirements</cite></a>. W3C Working Draft 18 May 2006. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/itsreq/" shape="rect">ITS REQ</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/itsreq/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="reqlocdtd" id="reqlocdtd" shape="rect"></a>Localizable DTDs
               </dt>
               <dd>Richard Ishida, Yves Savourel
                  <a href="http://people.w3.org/rishida/localizable-dtds/" shape="rect"><cite>Requirements for Localizable DTD Design</cite></a>.
                  Working Draft 7 July 2003. Available at
                  <a href="http://people.w3.org/rishida/localizable-dtds/" shape="rect">http://people.w3.org/rishida/localizable-dtds/</a>.
                  
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="nvdl" id="nvdl" shape="rect"></a>NVDL
               </dt>
               <dd>Information technology -- Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) -- Part 4:  <cite>Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language (NVDL)</cite>. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO/IEC 19757-4:2003.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="opendocument" id="opendocument" shape="rect"></a>OpenDocument
               </dt>
               <dd>Michael Brauer et al. <a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office" shape="rect"><cite>OASIS
                        Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument).</cite></a>. Oasis Standard 1 May 2005. Available at <a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office" shape="rect">
                     http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office</a>. The latest
                  version of <a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office" shape="rect">
                     OpenDocument</a> is available at
                  http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="rfc3066" id="rfc3066" shape="rect"></a>RFC 3066
               </dt>
               <dd>Harald Alvestrand. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt" shape="rect"><cite>Tags for the Identification of Languages</cite></a>. RFC 3066, January 2001. Available at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt" shape="rect">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt</a>.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="ruby-tr" id="ruby-tr" shape="rect"></a>Ruby-TR
               </dt>
               <dd>Marcin Sawicki (until 10 October, 1999), Michel
                  Suignard, Masayasu Ishikawa (石川 雅康), Martin Dürst, Tex Texin, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ruby/" shape="rect"><cite>Ruby Annotation</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 31 May 2001. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-ruby-20010531/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-ruby-20010531/ </a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ruby/" shape="rect">Ruby Annotation</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/ruby/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="schematron" id="schematron" shape="rect"></a>Schematron
               </dt>
               <dd>Information technology -- Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) -- Part 3:  <cite>Rule-based validation -- Schematron</cite>. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO/IEC 19757-3:2003.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="tei" id="tei" shape="rect"></a>TEI
               </dt>
               <dd>Lou Burnard and Syd Bauman (eds). <a href="http://www.tei-c.org/P5/" shape="rect"><cite>Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines development
                        version (P5)</cite></a>. TEI Consortium, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Text Encoding Initiative.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xhtml10" id="xhtml10" shape="rect"></a>XHTML 1.0
               </dt>
               <dd>Steven Pemberton et al. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/" shape="rect"><cite>XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible
                        HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000, revised 1 August 2002. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/" shape="rect">XHTML 1.0</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xml-i18n-bp" id="xml-i18n-bp" shape="rect"></a>XML i18n BP
               </dt>
               <dd>Yves Savourel, Diane Stoick. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-xml-i18n-bp-20060518/" shape="rect"><cite>Best Practices for XML Internationalization</cite></a>. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-xml-i18n-bp-20060518/" shape="rect">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-xml-i18n-bp-20060518/</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-i18n-bp/" shape="rect">xml-i18n-bp</a> is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-i18n-bp/.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xmlspecbib" id="xmlspecbib" shape="rect"></a>XMLSPEC
               </dt>
               <dd>
                  <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/xmlspec/" shape="rect"><cite>The XML Spec Schema and
                        Stylesheets</cite></a>. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/xmlspec/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/2002/xmlspec/</a>.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xslt10" id="xslt10" shape="rect"></a>XSLT 1.0
               </dt>
               <dd> James Clark. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116" shape="rect"><cite>XSL Transformations (XSLT)
                        Version 1.0</cite></a>. W3C Recommendation 16 November 1999. Available at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116" shape="rect">
                     http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116</a>. The latest version of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt" shape="rect">XSLT 1.0</a> is available at
                  http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt.
               </dd>
               <dt class="label"><a name="xul" id="xul" shape="rect"></a>XUL
               </dt>
               <dd>
                  <a href="http://www.xulplanet.com/" shape="rect"><cite>exTensible User Interface Language</cite></a>. Available at <a href="http://www.xulplanet.com/" shape="rect">
                     http://www.xulplanet.com/</a>.
               </dd>
            </dl>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="its-markup-summary" id="its-markup-summary" shape="rect"></a>C Summary of ITS Markup (Non-Normative)
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is informative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <p>The following list summarizes elements relating to global rules and their attributes:</p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;rules&gt;</span> Container for global rules.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">href</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Pointer to external rules files.</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">type</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Type of pointer to external rules files.</p>
                        <p>Legal values are:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>simple</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">version</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Version of the ITS schema.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;dirRule&gt; </span>Rule about the Directionality data category.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">dir</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>The text direction for the selection.</p>
                        <p>Legal values are:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>ltr</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>rtl</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>lro</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>rlo</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">selector</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>XPath expression identifying the nodes to be selected.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;langRule&gt; </span>Rule about the Language Information data category.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">langPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that contains language information.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">selector</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>XPath expression identifying the nodes to be selected.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;locNote&gt; </span>Contains a localization note.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">translate</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>The Translate data category information to be attached to
                           		the current node.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">locNote</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Localization note.</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">locNoteType</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>The type of localization note.</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">locNoteRef</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>URI referring to the location of the localization note.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">termInfoRef</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Pointer to a resource containing
                           		      information about the term.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">term</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Indicates a term locally.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">dir</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>The text direction for the context.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;locNoteRule&gt; </span>Rule about the Localization Note data category.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">locNotePointer</span>&gt;
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the localization note.</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">locNoteType</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>The type of localization note.</p>
                        <p>Legal values are:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>alert</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>description</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">locNoteRef</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>URI referring to the location of the localization note.</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">locNoteRefPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that holds the URI referring to the location of the localization note.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">selector</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>XPath expression identifying the nodes to be selected.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;termRule&gt; </span>Rule about the Terminology data category.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">term</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Indicates whether the selection is a term or not.</p>
                        <p>Legal values are:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>yes</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>no</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">termInfoRef</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>URI referring to the resource providing information about the term.</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">termInfoRefPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node containing a URI referring to the resource providing information about the term.</p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">termInfoPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node containing
                           		      information about the term.
                        </p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">selector</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>XPath expression identifying the nodes to be selected.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;translateRule&gt; </span>Rule about the Translate data category.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">translate</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>The Translate data category information to be
                           		    applied to selected nodes.
                        </p>
                        <p>Legal values are:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>yes</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>no</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">selector</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>XPath expression identifying the nodes to be selected.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;withinTextRule&gt; </span>Rule about the Elements Within Text data category.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">withinText</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>States whether current context is regarded as
                           		    "within text".
                        </p>
                        <p>Legal values are:</p>
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <p>
                                 <em>yes</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                              <p>
                                 <em>no</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                              <p>
                                 <em>nested</em>
                                 
                              </p>
                           </li>
                        </ul>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">selector</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>XPath expression identifying the nodes to be selected.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;rubyRule&gt; </span>Rule about the Ruby data category.
                  </p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">rubyPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to a <code>ruby</code> element
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">rtPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that
                           corresponds to a <code>rt</code> element
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">rpPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that
                           corresponds to a <code>rp</code> element
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">rbcPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that
                           corresponds to a <code>rbc</code> element
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">rtcPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that
                           corresponds to a <code>rtc</code> element
                        </p>
                     </li>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">rbspanPointer</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>Relative XPath expression pointing to a node that corresponds to a rbspan attribute.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
                  <ul>
                     <li>
                        <p>
                           <span class="new-term">selector</span>
                           
                        </p>
                        <p>XPath expression identifying the nodes to be selected.</p>
                     </li>
                  </ul>
                  <p></p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <p>The following list summarizes elements that are available for local use:</p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;span&gt; </span>Inline element to contain ITS information.
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;rb&gt; </span>Ruby base text.
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;rbc&gt; </span>Container for rb elements in the case of complex ruby markup.
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;rp&gt; </span>Used in the case of simple ruby markup to specify characters that can denote the beginning and end of ruby text when user
                     agents do not have other ways to present ruby text distinctively from the base text.
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;rt&gt; </span>Ruby text.
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;rtc&gt; </span>Container for rt elements in the case of complex ruby markup. 
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">&lt;ruby&gt; </span>Ruby markup.
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <p>The following list summarizes attributes that are available for local use, with the local elements mentioned above, or with
               other elements in a host schema:
            </p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">translate</span>
                     
                  </p>
                  <p>The Translate data category information to be attached to
                     		the current node.
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <p></p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">locNote</span>
                     
                  </p>
                  <p>Localization note.</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">locNoteType</span>
                     
                  </p>
                  <p>The type of localization note.</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">locNoteRef</span>
                     
                  </p>
                  <p>URI referring to the location of the localization note.</p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <p></p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">termInfoRef</span>
                     
                  </p>
                  <p>Pointer to a resource containing
                     		      information about the term.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">term</span>
                     
                  </p>
                  <p>Indicates a term locally.</p>
               </li>
            </ul>
            <p></p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <span class="new-term">dir</span>
                     
                  </p>
                  <p>The text direction for the context.</p>
               </li>
            </ul>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="its-schemas" id="its-schemas" shape="rect"></a>D Schemas for ITS (Non-Normative)
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is informative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <p>The following schemas define ITS elements and attributes and could be
               used as building blocks when you want to integrate ITS markup into your
               own XML vocabulary. You can see examples of such integration in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-xml-i18n-bp-20060518/" shape="rect">Best Practices for XML Internationalization</a>.
               The schemas are not intended to be used alone for validation of
               documents with ITS markup.
            </p>
            <p>The following schemas are provided:</p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <a href="its.dtd" shape="rect">DTD for ITS</a>
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <a href="its.xsd" shape="rect">XML Schema document for ITS</a>
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <a href="its.rnc" shape="rect">RELAX NG compact syntax document
                        for ITS</a>
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <a href="its.rng" shape="rect">RELAX NG XML syntax document for
                        ITS</a>
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ul>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="its-schematron-constraints" id="its-schematron-constraints" shape="rect"></a>E Checking ITS Markup Constraints With Schematron (Non-Normative)
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is informative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <p>Several constraints of ITS markup cannot be validated with ITS schemas. The following <a title="Rule-based validation -- Schematron" href="#schematron" shape="rect">[Schematron]</a>   document allows for validating some of these constraints.
            </p>
            <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e5437" id="d3e5437">Example 40: Testing constraints in ITS markup</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">
&lt;sch:schema
  xmlns:sch="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron" &gt;
&lt;!-- Schematron document to test constraints for global and local ITS markup.
 For ITS markup definitions, see http://www.w3.org/TR/its/ . --&gt;

 &lt;sch:ns prefix="its" uri="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"/&gt;
 &lt;sch:pattern
   name="Check ITS Global Rules and Local Constraints, and Version Constraints"&gt;
  &lt;sch:rule context="*"&gt;
&lt;!-- Tests for locNoteRule --&gt;

   &lt;sch:report
     test="self::its:locNoteRule and child::its:locNote and @its:locNotePointer"&gt;
   locNoteRule error: A locNoteRule element must not have both a locNote child element
    and a locNotePointer attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
   &lt;sch:report
     test="self::its:locNoteRule and @its:locNoteRef and @its:locNoteRefPointer"&gt;
   locNoteRule error: A locNoteRule element must not have both a locNoteRef attribute
    and a locNoteRefPointer attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
   &lt;sch:report
     test="self::its:locNoteRule and child::its:locNote and @its:locNoteRef"&gt;
   locNoteRule error: A locNoteRule element must not have both a locNote child element
   and a locNoteRef attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
&lt;!-- Test for termRule --&gt;

   &lt;sch:report
     test="self::its:termRule and @its:termInfoRef and @its:termInfoRefPointer"&gt;
   termRule error: A termRule element must not have both a termInfoRef attribute and a
   termInfoRefPointer attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
   &lt;sch:report
     test="self::its:termRule and @its:termInfo and @its:termInfoPointer"&gt;
   termRule error: A termRule element must not have both a termInfo attribute and a
   termInfoPointer attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
   &lt;sch:report
     test="self::its:termRule and @its:termInfoRef and @its:termInfoPointer"&gt;
   termRule error: A termRule element must not have both a termInfoRef attribute and a
   termInfoPointer attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
&lt;!-- Test for rubyRule --&gt;

   &lt;sch:report
     test="self::its:rubyRule and child::its:rubyText and @its:rtPointer"&gt;
   rubyRule error: A rubyRule element must not have both a rubyText child element and 
   a rtPointer attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
&lt;!-- Test for locNote (local) --&gt;

   &lt;sch:report test="@its:locNote and @its:locNoteRef"&gt;
   Local ITS usage error: The locNote attribute and the locNoteRef attribute
   must not be used together.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
&lt;!-- Test for term (local) --&gt;

   &lt;sch:report
     test="@its:termInfoRef and not(its:term) and not(self::its:termRule)"&gt;
   Local ITS usage error: A termInfoRef attribute must not appear locally without
   a term attribute.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
&lt;!-- Version attribute test --&gt;

   &lt;sch:report test="/*/@its:version != @its:version"&gt;
   The version attribute at the root element and at the rules element
   must not specify different versions of ITS.&lt;/sch:report&gt;
  &lt;/sch:rule&gt;
 &lt;/sch:pattern&gt;
&lt;/sch:schema&gt;</pre></div>
               <p>[Source file: <a href="its-constraints-check-schematron.xml" shape="rect">its-constraints-check-schematron.xml</a>]
               </p>
            </div>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="its-nvdl-schema" id="its-nvdl-schema" shape="rect"></a>F Checking ITS Markup with NVDL (Non-Normative)
            </h2>
            <p>
               <em>This section is informative.</em>
               
            </p>
            <p>The following <a title="Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language (NVDL)" href="#nvdl" shape="rect">[NVDL]</a> document allows validation of ITS
               markup which has been added to a host vocabulary. Only ITS elements and attributes are checked. 
               Elements and attributes of host language are ignored during validation
               against this NVDL document/schema.
            </p>
            <div class="exampleOuter"><a name="d3e5459" id="d3e5459">Example 41: NVDL schema for ITS</a><div class="exampleInner"><pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;rules xmlns="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/nvdl/ns/structure/1.0"&gt;
 &lt;namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"&gt;
  &lt;validate schema="its-elements.rng"/&gt;
 &lt;/namespace&gt;
 &lt;namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" match="attributes"&gt;
  &lt;validate schema="its-attributes.rng"/&gt;
 &lt;/namespace&gt;
 &lt;anyNamespace&gt;
  &lt;allow/&gt;
 &lt;/anyNamespace&gt;
&lt;/rules&gt;</pre></div>
               <p>
                  [Source file: <a href="its.nvdl" shape="rect">its.nvdl</a>]
               </p>
            </div>
            <p>The NVDL schema depends on the following two schemas:</p>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <a href="its-elements.rng" shape="rect">RELAX NG schema for ITS elements</a>
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     <a href="its-attributes.rng" shape="rect">RELAX NG schema for ITS
                        attributes</a>
                     
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ul>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="revisionlog" id="revisionlog" shape="rect"></a>G Revision Log (Non-Normative)
            </h2>
            <p id="changelog-since-20051122">The following log records
               major changes that have been made to this document between the
               <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-its-20051122/" shape="rect">
                  publication in November 2005</a> and the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060222/" shape="rect">
                  	publication in February 2006</a>.
            </p>
            <ol class="depth1">
               <li>
                  <p>A section about <a href="#basic-concepts" shape="rect">basic
                        concepts</a> of ITS has been created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Terminology has been modified: the terms for position
                     of ITS information <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-its-20051122/#design-decisions" shape="rect">in
                        situ versus dislocated</a> have been replaced by <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">selection in an instance
                        document</a> versus <a href="#selection-global" shape="rect">global, rule-based
                        selection</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The definition of the <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> data category has
                     been changed, to be compliant to various other
                     specifications. See the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=2551" shape="rect">comment
                        on bidirectionality</a> for further information.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Terminology within the text of this document and
                     within the markup declarations has been modified: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-its-20051122/#scope" shape="rect">scope
                        of ITS information</a> has been replaced with <a href="#its-processing" shape="rect">selection of ITS
                        information</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-its-20051122/#schemaRules" shape="rect">
                        schemaRules</a> element has been removed. For ITS
                     information as schema annotation, where is now only a<code>schemaRule</code> element.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>All ITS attributes are now defined as qualified
                     attributes. This leads to changes in the <a href="#its-schemas" shape="rect">generated ITS schemas</a>, for
                     example the generation of parameter entities for prefixes in
                     the XML DTD. This allows for easy changing of prefixes in
                     element or attribute names.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The possibility of selector attributes in instance
                     documents (in the previous draft this was called <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-its-20051122/#scope-instance" shape="rect">
                        scope in an instance document</a>) has been removed. <a href="#selection-local" shape="rect">Local selection in an instance
                        document</a> now relies only on <a href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">default selections of data
                        categories</a>. Due to this change, the definition of <a href="#selection-precedence" shape="rect">precedence between
                        selections</a> and <a href="#conformance" shape="rect">conformance
                        criteria</a> have been simplified, and the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=2719" shape="rect">
                        issue on namespace requirements and selector values</a>
                     could be resolved.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Definitions of <a href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">default selections of data
                        categories</a> have been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>An <code>ns</code> element has been added to the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element to allow for specifying namespace
                     bindings.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The implementation of the <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a>
                     data category has been modified, to reflect the   removal of selector attributes in instance documents.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A section on <a href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">mapping of
                        ITS data categories to existing markup</a> has been
                     created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Examples of integrating ITS markup into a TEI schema
                     and into XML Spec have been created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a> element has been created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The examples have been modified to reflect changes
                     mentioned above.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>For clarity, various sections have been reworded and
                     re-structured, and the visualization of ITS markup within
                     the text of this document has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Tracking of issues is now handled via Bugzilla.</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A revision log has been added.</p>
               </li>
            </ol>
            <p id="changelog-since-20060222">The following log records
               major changes that have been made to this document between the
               <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060222/" shape="rect">publication in February 2006</a> and  the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060414/" shape="rect">publication in April 2006</a>.
            </p>
            <ol class="depth1">
               <li>
                  <p>The <code>schemaRule</code> element, and the notion of
                     schema annotation which was connected to it, have been
                     abandoned.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The section on conformance has been rewritten and
                     placed at the beginning of the document.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In global rules, the <code>documentRule</code> element has
                     been replaced with elements which have data category
                     specific names. This eases the creation and validation of
                     global rules.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In global rules, instead of rule specific attributes
                     for selection, there is now just one <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.selector.attribute.selector" shape="rect">selector</a>
                     attribute.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In global rules, the <code>documentRules</code> element
                     has been renamed to <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In global rules, in addition to the existing
                     functionality of <a href="#def-adding-pointing" shape="rect">adding</a> ITS information
                     to selected nodes, a new functionality of <a href="#def-adding-pointing" shape="rect">pointing</a> to information
                     in an XML document has been created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>An XLink <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">href</a> attribute has been added to
                     the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element to allow for <a href="#link-external-rules" shape="rect">links to external
                        rules</a>. The <a href="#selection-precedence" shape="rect">precedence between
                        selections</a> has been modified to reflect this
                     change.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Two new data categories <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">Language Information</a> and <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a>
                     have been defined.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The data category <a href="#ruby-annotation" shape="rect">Ruby</a>
                     has been redefined, to be conforming to <a title="Ruby Annotation" href="#ruby-tr" shape="rect">[Ruby-TR]</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The declarations for ITS markup have been rewritten,
                     to adopt the changes mentioned above.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The declarations for ITS markup (formally all
                     assembled in a single section) have been separated and
                     placed in the sections there they are described.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A modularization of ITS and XHTML 1.0 has been
                     created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The informative <a class="section-ref" href="#introduction" shape="rect">Section 1: Introduction</a> and <a class="section-ref" href="#basic-concepts" shape="rect">Section 2: Basic Concepts</a> have been rewritten.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Examples and the modularizations of ITS with existing
                     markup schemes have been changed to reflect the modifications
                     mentioned above.
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ol>
            <p id="changelog-since-20060414">The following
               log records major changes that have been made to this document
               between the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060414/" shape="rect">publication
                  in April 2006</a> and the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060518/" shape="rect">publication in May 2006</a>.
            </p>
            <ol class="depth1">
               <li>
                  <p>The <a href="#conformance" shape="rect">conformance
                        section</a> has been rewritten.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The terminology of mapping ITS data categories with
                     existing markup has been changed to <a href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">associating
                        ITS Data Categories with existing markup</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The global rule elements have been rewritten to
                     	  have attributes in the empty namespace.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The examples have been validated, partially modified and extended.</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Documentation strings have been added to elements
                     	  and attributes.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The <a href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Elements Within Text</a> data category has been redefined.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Clarifications about <a href="#selection-and-inclusion-mechanisms" shape="rect">ITS and inclusion mechanisms</a> and <a href="#note-object-selection" shape="rect">selections of pointers to external (possibly non-textual) objects</a> have been made.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The <a href="#span.attributes" shape="rect">local attributes</a> have been reorganized into various data category specific groups.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A <a href="#its-version-attribute" shape="rect">versioning mechanism</a> has been introduced
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A <a href="#its-markup-summary" shape="rect">summary of ITS markup</a> has been created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The automatically generated <a href="#its-schemas" shape="rect">ITS schemas</a> have been augmented with element and attribute documentations.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A description of <a href="#its-schematron-constraints" shape="rect">ITS markup constraints</a> not covered by the ITS schemas has been created.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>The attributes <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060414/#att.termRef.attribute.termRef" shape="rect">termRef</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060414/#att.termRefPointer.attribute.termRefPointer" shape="rect">termRefPointer</a> have been renamed to <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.termInfoRef" shape="rect">termInfoRef</a> and <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoRefPointer</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>A list of requirements which are formulated in <a title="Internationalization and&#xA;                Localization Markup Requirements" href="#itsreq" shape="rect">[ITS REQ]</a>, but not covered in this document, has been created. See <a class="section-ref" href="#introduction" shape="rect">Section 1: Introduction</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ol>
            <p id="changelog-since-20060518">The following log records major changes that have been made to this document between the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060518/" shape="rect">publication in May 2006</a> and the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/CR-its-20061102/" shape="rect">
                  	publication in November 2006</a>.
            </p>
            <ol class="depth1">
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3290 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3290" shape="rect">Introduction too "positive" and not enough informative</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#introduction" shape="rect">Section 1: Introduction</a> has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3293 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3293" shape="rect">Conformance/Compliance</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#conformance" shape="rect">Section 4: Conformance</a> has been changed.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3318 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3318" shape="rect">Clarify "within text" data category</a>) the <a href="#within-text-definition" shape="rect">definition of the Elements Within Text</a> data category has been clarified and illustrated with examples.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3321 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3321" shape="rect">Relation of terminology data category to existing standards for terminology</a>) the relation has been described in <a class="section-ref" href="#terminology-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.4.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3323 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3323" shape="rect">Version of XPath: Write "XPath 1.0 or its successor"</a>) the reference to <a title="XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0" href="#xpath" shape="rect">[XPath 1.0]</a> has been replaced by a reference to "<a title="XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0" href="#xpath" shape="rect">[XPath 1.0]</a> or its successor".
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3330 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3330" shape="rect">lro and rlo explanation</a>) explanations have been modified in <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.5.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3456 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3456" shape="rect">Attribute used for locInfo</a>) a note has been added at the end of <a class="section-ref" href="#locNote-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.3.2: Implementation</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3457 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3457" shape="rect">RFC 3066bis</a>) the references to "RFC 3066bis" been replaced by a reference to "RFC4646 or its successor".
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3458 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3458" shape="rect">Default translate value</a>) default values have been made explicit in <a class="section-ref" href="#translatability-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.2.2: Implementation</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3459 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3459" shape="rect">Use of elements</a>) ITS markup is now explicitly allowed inside other ITS markup.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3460 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3460" shape="rect">Loc Info or Loc Note</a>) all attributes and elements starting with <code>locInfo...</code> have been renamed <code>locNote...</code>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3461 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3461" shape="rect">Role of termInfo</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#terminology-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.4.1: Definition</a> has been clarified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3462 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3462" shape="rect">Pointing to terms</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#terminology-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.4.2: Implementation</a> has been clarified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3463 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3463" shape="rect">termInfoRef should allow for id strings</a>) the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoPointer</a> attribute has been added.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3464 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3464" shape="rect">Allowing for XPath expressions to point to term definitions</a>) the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#termRule.attributes" shape="rect">termInfoPointer</a> attribute has been added.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3465 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3465" shape="rect">Default is ltr</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.5.2: Implementation</a> has been clarified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3466 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3466" shape="rect">Existing ruby markup</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#iri-usage" shape="rect">Section 3.5: Usage of Internationalized Resource Identifiers in ITS</a> has been added, the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060518/#its-conformance-2-2" shape="rect">conformance clause 2-2</a> has been removed, the reference to <a title="Ruby Annotation" href="#ruby-tr" shape="rect">[Ruby-TR]</a> has been clarified and moved to <a class="section-ref" href="#ruby-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.6.2: Implementation</a>, and the definition of the <a href="#directionality" shape="rect">Directionality</a> data category has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.5.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3467 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3467" shape="rect">rubyText is an attribute</a>) the <code>rubyText</code> attribute has been changed to the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rubyText" shape="rect">rubyText</a> element.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3468 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3468" shape="rect">xml:lang missing</a>) a note at the end of <a class="section-ref" href="#langinfo-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.7.1: Definition</a> has been added.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3469 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3469" shape="rect">Example 19 xml:lang</a>) the role of <code>xml:lang</code> for the <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">language information</a> data category has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#langinfo-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.7.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3473 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3473" shape="rect">Language information data category overview</a>) the role of the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#langRule" shape="rect">langRule</a> element has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#langinfo-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.7.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3479 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3479" shape="rect">Example 33</a>) <a href="#EX-lang-definition-1" shape="rect">Example 38</a> (which was Example 33) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3480 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3480" shape="rect">Language information data category overview</a>)  the role of <code>xml:lang</code> for the <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">language information</a> data category has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#langinfo-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.7.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3481 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3481" shape="rect">Translatability</a>) the data category "Translatability" has been renamed to <a href="#trans-datacat" shape="rect">Translate</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3482 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3482" shape="rect">Inheritance of translation information</a>) the role of inheritance of translation information within global rules has been made more explicit in <a class="section-ref" href="#translatability-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.2.2: Implementation</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3487 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3487" shape="rect">Invert translate examples</a>) <a href="#EX-translate-selector-2" shape="rect">Example 23</a> has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3488 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3488" shape="rect">6.3 ed 1</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#locNote-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.3.1: Definition</a> has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3489 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3489" shape="rect">Mention translation tools</a>) a reference to translation tools has been added in <a class="section-ref" href="#locNote-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.3.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3490 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3490" shape="rect">Examples 22 and 23</a>) <a href="#EX-locNote-element-1" shape="rect">Example 24</a> (which was Example 22) and <a href="#EX-locNotePointer-attribute-1" shape="rect">Example 25</a> (which was example 23) have been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3491 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3491" shape="rect">Explanations for examples</a>) the examples in <a class="section-ref" href="#locNote-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.3.2: Implementation</a> have been clarified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3492 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3492" shape="rect">Examples 24</a>) <a href="#EX-locNoteRef-attribute-1" shape="rect">Example 26</a> (which was Example 24) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3493 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3493" shape="rect">Marks terms and meanings</a>) the purpose of the <a href="#terminology" shape="rect">terminology</a> data category has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#terminology-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.4.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3494 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3494" shape="rect">termInfoRefPointer referent's data</a>) the explanation of the termInfoRefPointer attribute has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#terminology-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.4.2: Implementation</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3495 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3495" shape="rect">Hard to know what this is about</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#elements-within-text" shape="rect">Section 6.8: Elements Within Text</a> has been clarified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3496 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3496" shape="rect">Standardized wording</a>) all subsections in <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a> have been reworded to be consistent.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3497 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3497" shape="rect">No implementation section</a>) an implementation section (<a class="section-ref" href="#langinfo-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.7.2: Implementation</a>) has been added for the <a href="#language-information" shape="rect">language information</a> data category.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3498 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3498" shape="rect">Repetition</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.5.1: Definition</a> has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3499 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3499" shape="rect">Is dir mandatory?</a>) it has been made explicit that the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.dir" shape="rect">dir</a> attribute is mandatory at the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#dirRule" shape="rect">dirRule</a> element (see <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.5.2: Implementation</a>).
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3500 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3500" shape="rect">Avoid xml:lang='he'</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#selection-local" shape="rect">Section 5.2.2: Local Selection in an XML Document</a> (especially <a href="#EX-selection-local-1" shape="rect">Example 15</a>) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3501 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3501" shape="rect">Some Hebrew quotation</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.5.2: Implementation</a> has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3502 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3502" shape="rect">Example 30</a>) <a href="#EX-dir-selector-1.xml" shape="rect">Example 33</a> (which was Example 30) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3503 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3503" shape="rect">Refer to bidi article</a>) a reference to <a title="What you need to know about the bidi algorithm and inline markup" href="#bidiarticle" shape="rect">[Bidi Article]</a> in <a class="section-ref" href="#directionality-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.5.1: Definition</a> has been added.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3504 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3504" shape="rect">Example 31 lacks rp</a>) <a href="#EX-ruby-implementation-1" shape="rect">Example 37</a> (which was Example 31) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3505 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3505" shape="rect">Use Japanese in Example 31</a>) <a href="#EX-ruby-implementation-1" shape="rect">Example 37</a> (which was Example 31) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3506 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3506" shape="rect">Make the application of legacy ruby clearer</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#ruby-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.6.2: Implementation</a> has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3507 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3507" shape="rect">In the case of no selection</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#ruby-implementation" shape="rect">Section 6.6.2: Implementation</a> has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3508 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3508" shape="rect">Example 32 head</a>) <a href="#EX-ruby-legacy-1" shape="rect">Example 36</a> (which was Example 32) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3509 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3509" shape="rect">Too many places to look</a>) the section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-its-20060518/#its-markup-summary" shape="rect">5.1 Summary of ITS Markup</a> has been changed to <a class="section-ref" href="#its-markup-summary" shape="rect">Appendix C: Summary of ITS Markup</a>, and <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a> has been reworded.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3510 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3510" shape="rect">Spell out the attributes</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#selection-global" shape="rect">Section 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection</a> has been modified to list relevant attributes.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3511 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3511" shape="rect">Example 14 translate</a>) <a href="#EX-selection-local-1" shape="rect">Example 15</a> (which was Example 14) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3512 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3512" shape="rect">Example 14 dir</a>) <a href="#EX-selection-local-1" shape="rect">Example 15</a> (which was Example 14) has been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3513 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3513" shape="rect">ITS markup must be integrated</a>) the optionality of ITS markup in the targeted XML file(s) has been made explicit in <a class="section-ref" href="#associating-its-with-existing-markup" shape="rect">Section 5.5: Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3514 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3514" shape="rect">Attributes missing?</a>) the attributes that are available for local use have been spelled out in <a class="section-ref" href="#its-markup-summary" shape="rect">Appendix C: Summary of ITS Markup</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3515 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3515" shape="rect">xml:lang = language info, please</a>) the role of <code>xml:lang</code> has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#langinfo-definition" shape="rect">Section 6.7.1: Definition</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3516 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3516" shape="rect">Editorial comments on ITS</a>) <a class="section-ref" href="#introduction" shape="rect">Section 1: Introduction</a>, <a class="section-ref" href="#basic-concepts" shape="rect">Section 2: Basic Concepts</a>, <a class="section-ref" href="#notation-terminology" shape="rect">Section 3: Notation and Terminology</a>, and <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategory-description" shape="rect">Section 6: Description of Data Categories</a> have been modified.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3612 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3612" shape="rect">Missing term="yes|no" in termRule element</a>) the value "no" has been reinstated for the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#att.local.no-ns.attribute.term" shape="rect">term</a> attribute.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3640 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3640" shape="rect">Need to handle inheritance for terminology</a>) the description of the inheritance / default / overriding behavior of the data categories has been clarified in <a class="section-ref" href="#datacategories-defaults-etc" shape="rect">Section 6.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 3803 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3803" shape="rect">Both selector and the rbPointer attributes are base text in rubyRule</a>) the <code>rbPointer</code> has been removed.
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ol>
            <p id="changelog-since-20061102">The following log records
               major changes that have been made to this document between the
               <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/CR-its-20061102/" shape="rect">
                  	publication in November 2006</a> and January 2007.
            </p>
            <ol class="depth1">
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 3319 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=3319" shape="rect">Namespace binding mechanism</a>
                     		) removed the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/CR-its-20061102/#ns" shape="rect">ns</a>
                     		element.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4096 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4096" shape="rect">Inheritance and overriding needs to be made clearer</a>) changed wording.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4098 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4098" shape="rect">Need to make more explicit: what is possible with XSLT patterns realizing ITS selectors?</a>) added a note about the subset of XPath in XSLT to <a class="section-ref" href="#basic-concepts-selection-global" shape="rect">Section 2.1.2: Global Approach</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4099 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4099" shape="rect">Format for implementation output needs to be clear</a>) added note on the <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/tests/" shape="rect">Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 1.0 testsuite</a> processing to <a class="section-ref" href="#conformance-product-processing-expectations" shape="rect">Section 4.2: Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for ITS Markup</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4152 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4152" shape="rect">Need to make explicit that ITS attributes at its:span are not namespace qualified</a>) created two groups of ITS attributes, <a href="#att.local.with-ns.attributes" shape="rect">namespace qualified</a> and <a href="#att.local.no-ns.attributes" shape="rect">not namespace qualified</a>, the latter used at ITS <a class="itsmarkup" href="#span" shape="rect">span</a>, the former for use at elements not from the ITS namespace.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4289 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4289" shape="rect">Various mainly editorial changes</a>) made the editorial changes described in the issue.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4290 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4290" shape="rect">Create appendix about NVDL</a>) introduced <a class="section-ref" href="#its-nvdl-schema" shape="rect">Appendix F: Checking ITS Markup with NVDL</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4291 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4291" shape="rect">Have version attribute at its:rules element in no namespace</a>) put the ITS <a href="#its-version-attribute" shape="rect">version</a> attribute at the	<a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element in no namespace.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4293 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4293" shape="rect">Editorial fix in sec. 6.6.2</a>) removed bullet point.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4294 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4294" shape="rect">Add xlink:type to its:rules element</a>) added the XLink <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules.attributes" shape="rect">type</a> attribute to the <a class="itsmarkup" href="#rules" shape="rect">rules</a> element.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>In response to issue 4295 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4295" shape="rect">Change of XPath expressions in Schematron example</a>) updated <a class="section-ref" href="#its-schematron-constraints" shape="rect">Appendix E: Checking ITS Markup Constraints With Schematron</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>
                     		In response to issue 4322 (<a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=4322" shape="rect">Editors to go to the draft and check that there are no "CSS style elements" or the like</a>) removed wording related to CSS style elements.
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ol>
            <p id="changelog-since-20070226">The following log records
               major changes that have been made to this document between the
               <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/PR-its-20070226/" shape="rect">
                  	publication in February 2007</a> and March 2007.
            </p>
            <ol class="depth1">
               <li>
                  <p>In response to <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/member-i18n-its/2007JanMar/0138.html" shape="rect">comments received during the AC review</a> made the following changes: replaced the examples 3 (<a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-1.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-1.xml</a>), 4 (<a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-2.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-2.xml</a>), 5 (<a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-3.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-3.xml</a>), 6 (<a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-4.xml" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-4.xml</a>) and 7  (<a href="EX-ways-to-use-its-5.xsd" shape="rect">EX-ways-to-use-its-5.xsd</a>) with other examples; updated the bibliography.
                  </p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Fixed various (spelling etc.) errors in examples.</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>General spell check.</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Updated reference for language identification in <a class="section-ref" href="#language-information" shape="rect">Section 6.7: Language Information</a>.
                  </p>
               </li>
            </ol>
         </div>
         <div class="div1">
            
            <h2><a href="#contents" shape="rect"><img src="images/topOfPage.gif" align="right" height="26" width="26" title="Go to the table of contents." alt="Go to the table of contents." /></a><a name="acknowledgements" id="acknowledgements" shape="rect"></a>H Acknowledgements (Non-Normative)
            </h2>
            <p>This document has been developed with contributions by the
               ITS Working Group: Damien Donlon (Sun Microsystems, Inc.), Martin Dürst (W3C Invited Expert), Poonam Gupta (Centre for Development
               of Advanced Computing (CDAC)), Richard Ishida (W3C/ERCIM), Jirka Kosek (W3C Invited Expert), Christian Lieske (SAP AG), Sebastian
               Rahtz (W3C Invited Expert), Francois Richard (HP), Goutam Saha (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC)), Felix
               Sasaki (W3C/Keio), Yves Savourel (ENLASO Corporation), Diane Stoick (The Boeing Company), Najib Tounsi (Ecole Mohammadia d'Ingenieurs
               Rabat (EMI)), Andrzej Zydron (W3C Invited Expert).
            </p>
            <p>A special thanks goes to Sebastian Rahtz who introduced us
               to the ODD language, which was used to create this document,
               and who provided the stylesheets to generate schemas and the
               XHTML version out of an ODD document. The generation of XHTML
               from ODD takes an intermediate step through the
               xmlspec-i18n.dtd.
            </p>
         </div>
      </div>
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