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<h1><a id="title" name="title">XML Events</a></h1>

<h2><a id="subtitle" name="subtitle">An Events Syntax for XML</a></h2>

<h2><a id="w3c-doctype" name="w3c-doctype">W3C Recommendation 14 October 2003</a></h2>

<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>

<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xml-events-20031014">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xml-events-20031014</a></dd>

<dt>Latest version:</dt>

<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-events">http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-events</a></dd>

<dt>Previous version:</dt>

<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-xml-events-20030804">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-xml-events-20030804</a></dd>

<dt>Diff-marked version:</dt>

<dd><a href="xml-events-diff.html">xml-events-diff.html</a></dd>

<dt>Editors:</dt>

<dd><a href="mailto:shane@aptest.com">Shane McCarron</a>, <a href="http://www.aptest.com">Applied Testing and Technology, <abbr title="Incorporated">Inc.</abbr></a><br />
 <a href="http://www.cwi.nl/~steven/">Steven Pemberton</a>, <a href="http://www.cwi.nl"><abbr lang="nl" xml:lang="nl" title="Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica">CWI</abbr></a>/<a href=
"http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>&#174;</sup><br />
 <a href="mailto:tvraman@almaden.ibm.com">T. V. Raman</a>, <a href="http://www.ibm.com"><abbr title="International Business Machines">IBM</abbr> Corporation</a></dd>
</dl>

<p>Please refer to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/10/REC-xml-events-20031014-errata"><strong>errata</strong></a> for this document, which may include some normative corrections.</p>

<p>This document is also available in these non-normative formats: <a href="xml-events.ps">PostScript version</a>, <a href="xml-events.pdf">PDF version</a>, <a href="xml-events.zip">ZIP archive</a>,
and <a href="xml-events.tgz">Gzip'd TAR archive</a>.</p>

<p>The English version of this specification is the only normative version. Non-normative <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Translation/">translations</a> may also be available.</p>

<p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> &#169; 2003 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C</acronym></a><sup>&#174;</sup> (<a href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title=
"European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href=
"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>, <a href=
"http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software">software licensing</a> rules apply.</p>
</div>

<hr />
<h2><a id="abstract" name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>

<p>The XML Events module defined in this specification provides XML languages with the ability to uniformly integrate event listeners and associated event handlers with Document Object Model (DOM)
Level 2 event interfaces [<a class="nref" href="#ref_DOM2EVENTS">DOM2EVENTS</a>]. The result is to provide an interoperable way of associating behaviors with document-level markup.</p>

<h2><a id="status" name="status">Status of This Document</a></h2>

<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of
this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>

<p>This document is a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#RecsW3C">Recommendation</a> of the W3C. It has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties, and has
been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from another document. W3C's role in making the
Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. A test suite for XML Events has
been developed as part of a public <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/Test/">XForms 1.0 Test Suite</a>, along with an <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/Test/ImplementationReport">
implementation report</a>.</p>

<p>This document has been produced by the <a class="member" href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Group/">W3C HTML Working Group</a> (<em><a href="http://cgi.w3.org/MemberAccess/AccessRequest">Members
only</a></em>) as part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Activity">HTML Activity</a>. The goals of the HTML Working Group are discussed in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/05/html/charter">
HTML Working Group charter</a>. Patent disclosures relevant to this specification can be found on the <a rel="disclosure" href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/2002/Disclosures">Working Group's patent
disclosure page</a>.</p>

<p>Please report errors in this specification to <a href="mailto:www-html-editor@w3.org">www-html-editor@w3.org</a> (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html-editor/">archive</a>). It is
inappropriate to send discussion email to this address. Public discussion may take place on <a href="mailto:www-html@w3.org">www-html@w3.org</a> (<a href=
"http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html/">archive</a>).</p>

<h1><a id="contents" name="contents">Contents</a></h1>

<div class="toc">
<ul class='toc'>
<li class='tocline'>1. <a href="Overview.html#s_intro" class="tocxref">Introduction</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>2. <a href="Overview.html#s_event_module_conformance" class="tocxref">Conformance Requirements</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>2.1. <a href="Overview.html#docconf" class="tocxref">Document Conformance</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>2.2. <a href="Overview.html#hostconf" class="tocxref">Host Language Conformance</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>2.3. <a href="Overview.html#uaconf" class="tocxref">User Agent Conformance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>3. <a href="Overview.html#s_event_module_elements" class="tocxref">The XML Events Module</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>3.1. <a href="Overview.html#section-listener-element" class="tocxref">The listener Element</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>3.1.1. <a href="Overview.html#sec_3.1.1." class="tocxref">Examples of listener Usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>3.2. <a href="Overview.html#section-listener-observer" class="tocxref">Attaching Attributes Directly to the Observer Element</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>3.2.1. <a href="Overview.html#sec_3.2.1." class="tocxref"> Examples of Using Attributes Attached to an Observer Element</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>3.3. <a href="Overview.html#section-listener-handler" class="tocxref">Attaching Attributes Directly to the Handler Element</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>3.3.1. <a href="Overview.html#sec_3.3.1." class="tocxref"> Examples of Using Attributes Attached to a Handler Element</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>3.4. <a href="Overview.html#section-attributedefaulting" class="tocxref">Summary of Observer and Handler Attribute Defaulting</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>3.5. <a href="Overview.html#section-eventhandlers" class="tocxref">Event Handlers</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>3.6. <a href="Overview.html#section-basic" class="tocxref">The Basic XML Events Profile</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>4. <a href="Overview.html#section-event-naming" class="tocxref">Naming Event Types</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>A. <a href="Overview.html#a_DTD_definition" class="tocxref">DTD Implementation</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>A.1. <a href="Overview.html#a_module_qname" class="tocxref">Qualified Names Module</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>A.2. <a href="Overview.html#a_module_xml_events" class="tocxref">XML Events Module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>B. <a href="Overview.html#a_Schema_definition" class="tocxref">Schema Implementation</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>B.1. <a href="Overview.html#a_schema_attribs" class="tocxref">Attributes Module</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>B.2. <a href="Overview.html#a_schema_xml_events" class="tocxref">XML Events Module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>C. <a href="Overview.html#s_refs" class="tocxref">References</a>

<ul class="toc">
<li class='tocline'>C.1. <a href="Overview.html#s_norm-refs" class="tocxref">Normative References</a></li>

<li class='tocline'>C.2. <a href="Overview.html#s_other-refs" class="tocxref">Other References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li class='tocline'>D. <a href="Overview.html#s_acks" class="tocxref">Acknowledgments</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

<!--OddPage-->
<h1><a id="s_intro" name="s_intro">1.Introduction</a></h1>

<p><em>This section is informative.</em></p>

<p>An <em>event</em> is the representation of some asynchronous occurrence (such as a mouse click on the presentation of the element, or an arithmetical error in the value of an attribute of the
element, or any of unthinkably many other possibilities) that gets associated with an element (<em>targeted</em> at it) in an XML document.</p>

<p>In the DOM model of events [<a class="nref" href="#ref_DOM2EVENTS">DOM2EVENTS</a>], the general behavior is that when an event occurs it is <em>dispatched</em> by passing it down the document tree
in a phase called <em>capture</em> to the element where the event occurred (called its <em>target</em>), where it then may be passed back up the tree again in the phase called <em>bubbling</em>. In
general an event can be responded to at any element in the path (an <em>observer</em>) in either phase by causing an action, and/or by stopping the event, and/or by cancelling the default action for
the event. The following diagram illustrates this:</p>

<p> <img src="images/event-flow.png" alt="Event propagation flow diagram" longdesc="#event-flow-desc" /><br />
<em id="event-flow-desc">Event flow in DOM2: an event targeted at an element (marked 'target') in the tree passes down the tree from the root to the target in the phase called 'capture'. If the event
type allows it, the event then travels back up the tree by the same route in a phase called 'bubbling'. Any node in the route, including the root node and the target, may be an 'observer': that is to
say, a handler may be attached to it that is activated when the event passes through in either phase. A handler can only listen for one phase. To listen for both you have to attach two
handlers.</em></p>

<p>An <em>action</em> is some way of responding to an event; a <em>handler</em> is some specification for such an action, for instance using scripting or some other method. A <em>listener</em> is a
binding of such a handler to an event targeting some element in a document.</p>

<p>HTML [<a class="nref" href="#ref_HTML4">HTML4</a>] binds events to an element by encoding the event name in an attribute name, such that the value of the attribute is the action for that event at
that element. This method has two main disadvantages: firstly it hardwires the events into the language, so that to add a new event, you have to make a change to the language, and secondly it forces
you to mix the content of the document with the specifications of the scripting and event handling, rather than allowing you to separate them out. SVG [<a class="nref" href="#ref_SVG">SVG</a>] uses a
similar method.</p>

<p>The process of defining a new version of HTML identified the need for an extensible event specification method. The design requirements were the following:</p>

<ul>
<li>Syntactically expose the DOM event model to an XML document [<a class="nref" href="#ref_XML">XML</a>].</li>

<li>Provide for new event types without requiring modification to the DOM or the DTD.</li>

<li>Allow for integration with other XML languages.</li>
</ul>

<p>The DOM specifies an event model that provides the following features:</p>

<ul>
<li>A generic event system,</li>

<li>Means for registering event listeners and handlers,</li>

<li>Means for routing events through a tree structure,</li>

<li>Access to context information for each event, and</li>

<li>A definition of event flow, as sketched above.</li>
</ul>

<p>Element <code>listener</code> and its attributes defined in this specification are the method of binding a DOM level 2 event at an element to an event handler. They encapsulate various aspects of
the DOM level 2 event interface, thereby providing markup-level specification of the actions to be taken during the various phases of event propagation.</p>

<p>This document neither specifies particular events, nor mandates any particular methods of specifying actions. These definitions are left to any markup language using the facilities described
here.</p>

<!--OddPage-->
<h1><a id="s_event_module_conformance" name="s_event_module_conformance">2.Conformance Requirements</a></h1>

<p>This section is <em>normative</em>.</p>

<p>The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [<a class="nref" href=
"#ref_RFC2119">RFC2119</a>].</p>

<h2><a id="docconf" name="docconf">2.1.Document Conformance</a></h2>

<p>XML Events is not a stand-alone document type. It is intended to be integrated into other host languages such as XHTML. A conforming XML Events document is a document that requires only the
facilities described as mandatory in this specification and the facilities described as mandatory in its host language. Such a document must meet all the following criteria:</p>

<ol>
<li>
<p>The document must conform to the constraints expressed in <a href="#a_Schema_definition">Appendix&#160;B - Schema Implementation</a> or <a href="#a_DTD_definition">Appendix&#160;A - DTD
Implementation</a>, combined with the constraints expressed in its host language implementation.</p>
</li>

<li>
<p>The document must contain an <code>xmlns</code> declaration for the XML Events namespace [<a class="nref" href="#ref_XMLNAMES">XMLNAMES</a>]. The namespace for XML Events is defined to be <code>
http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events</code>. An example start tag of a root element might look like:</p>

<div class="good">
<pre>
&lt;html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"
      xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events" &gt;
</pre>
</div>
</li>
</ol>

<h2><a id="hostconf" name="hostconf">2.2.Host Language Conformance</a></h2>

<p>When XML Events are included in a host language, all of the facilities required in this specification must be included in the host language. In addition, the elements and attributes defined in
this specification must be included in the content model of the host language.</p>

<h2><a id="uaconf" name="uaconf">2.3.User Agent Conformance</a></h2>

<p>A conforming user agent must support all of the features required in this specification.</p>

<!--OddPage-->
<h1><a id="s_event_module_elements" name="s_event_module_elements">3.The XML Events Module</a></h1>

<p><em>This section is normative.</em></p>

<p>This specification defines a module called XML Events. The XML Events module uses the XML namespace [<a class="nref" href="#ref_XMLNAMES">XMLNAMES</a>] identifier <code>
http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events</code>.</p>

<p>Examples in this document that use the namespace prefix "<code>ev</code>" all assume an <code>xmlns</code> declaration <code>xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events"</code> somewhere suitable
in the document involved. All examples are informative.</p>

<p>The remainder of this section describes the elements and attributes in this module, the semantics, and provides an abstract module definition as required in [<a class="nref" href=
"#ref_XHTMLMOD">XHTMLMOD</a>].</p>

<p>The XML Events Module supports the following element and attributes:</p>

<table cellpadding="3" class="moduledef" border="1" summary="Element and Attributes for XML Events Module">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Element</th>
<th>Attributes</th>
<th>Minimal Content Model</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="#section-listener-element">listener</a></td>
<td>event (<span class="datatype"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstraction.html#dt_NMTOKEN">NMTOKEN</a></span>),<br />
 observer (<span class="datatype"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstraction.html#dt_IDREF">IDREF</a></span>),<br />
 target (<span class="datatype"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstraction.html#dt_IDREF">IDREF</a></span>),<br />
 handler (<span class="datatype"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstraction.html#dt_URI">URI</a></span>),<br />
 phase ("capture" | "default"*),<br />
 propagate ("stop" | "continue"*),<br />
 defaultAction ("cancel" | "perform"*),<br />
 id (<span class="datatype"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstraction.html#dt_ID">ID</a></span>)<br />
</td>
<td>EMPTY</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<p>Implementations: <a href="#a_module_xml_events">DTD</a>, <a href="#a_schema_xml_events">XML Schema</a></p>

<h2><a id="section-listener-element" name="section-listener-element">3.1.The listener Element</a></h2>

<p>Element <code>listener</code> supports a subset of the DOM's <code>EventListener</code> interface. It is used to declare event listeners and register them with specific nodes in the DOM, and has
the following attributes:</p>

<dl>
<dt><a id="attr-listener-event">event</a></dt>

<dd>The required <code>event</code> attribute specifies the event type for which the listener is being registered. As specified by [<a class="nref" href="#ref_DOM2EVENTS">DOM2EVENTS</a>], the value
of the attribute should be an XML Name [<a class="nref" href="#ref_XML">XML</a>].</dd>

<dt><a id="attr-listener-observer"></a>observer</dt>

<dd>The optional <code>observer</code> attribute specifies the <code>id</code> of the element with which the event listener is to be registered. If this attribute is not present, the observer is the
element that the <code>event</code> attribute is on (see later under "<a href="#section-listener-observer">Attaching Attributes Directly to the Observer Element</a>"), or the parent of that element
(see later under "<a href="#section-listener-handler">Attaching Attributes Directly to the Handler Element</a>").</dd>

<dt><a id="attr-listener-target">target</a></dt>

<dd>The optional <code>target</code> attribute specifies the <code>id</code> of the target element of the event (i.e., the node that caused the event). If this attribute is present, only events that
match both the <code>event</code> and <code>target</code> attributes will be processed by the associated event handler. Clearly because of the way events propagate, the target element should be a
descendent node of the observer element, or the observer element itself.

<p>Use of this attribute requires care; for instance, if you specify</p>

<pre>
&lt;listener event="click" observer="para1"
     target="link1" handler="#clicker"/&gt;
</pre>

<p>where 'para1' is some ancestor of the following node</p>

<pre>
&lt;a id="link1" href="doc.html"&gt;The &lt;em&gt;draft&lt;/em&gt; document&lt;/a&gt;
</pre>

<p>and the user happens to click on the word "draft", the <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> element, and not the <code>&lt;a&gt;</code>, will be the target, and so the handler will not be activated; to catch
all mouse clicks on the <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> element and its children, use <code>observer="link1"</code>, and no <code>target</code> attribute.</p>
</dd>

<dt><a id="attr-listener-handler">handler</a></dt>

<dd>The optional <code>handler</code> attribute specifies the URI reference of a resource that defines the action that should be performed if the event reaches the observer. (This specification does
not mandate what form that element should take: see further the section "<a href="#section-eventhandlers">Event Handlers</a>"). If this attribute is not present, the handler is the element that the
<code>event</code> attribute is on (see later under "<a href="#section-listener-handler">Attaching Attributes Directly to the Handler Element</a>").</dd>

<dt><a id="attr-listener-phase">phase</a></dt>

<dd>The optional <code>phase</code> attribute specifies when (during which DOM 2 event propagation phase) the listener will be activated by the desired event.

<dl>
<dt><code>capture</code></dt>

<dd>Listener is activated during capturing phase.</dd>

<dt><code>default</code></dt>

<dd>Listener is activated during bubbling or target phase.</dd>
</dl>

<p>The default behavior is <code>phase="default"</code>.</p>

<p>Note that not all events bubble, in which case with phase="default" you can only handle the event by making the event's target the observer.</p>
</dd>

<dt><a id="attr-listener-propagate">propagate</a></dt>

<dd>The optional <code>propagate</code> attribute specifies whether after processing all listeners at the current node, the event is allowed to continue on its path (either in the capture or the
bubble phase).

<dl>
<dt><code>stop</code></dt>

<dd>event propagation stops</dd>

<dt><code>continue</code></dt>

<dd>event propagation continues (unless stopped by other means, such as scripting, or by another listener).</dd>
</dl>

<p>The default behavior is <code>propagate="continue"</code>.</p>
</dd>

<dt><a id="attr-listener-defaultAction">defaultAction</a></dt>

<dd>The optional <code>defaultAction</code> attribute specifies whether after processing of all listeners for the event, the default action for the event (if any) should be performed or not. For
instance, in XHTML the default action for a mouse click on an <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> element or one of its descendents is to traverse the link.

<dl>
<dt><code>cancel</code></dt>

<dd>if the event type is cancelable, the default action is cancelled</dd>

<dt><code>perform</code></dt>

<dd>the default action is performed (unless cancelled by other means, such as scripting, or by another listener).</dd>
</dl>

<p>The default value is <code>defaultAction="perform"</code>.</p>

<p>Note that not all events are cancelable, in which case this attribute is ignored.</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><a id="attr-listener-id">id</a></dt>

<dd>The optional <code>id</code> attribute is a document-unique identifier. The value of this identifier is often used to manipulate the element through a DOM interface.</dd>
</dl>

<p>Note that <code>observer = "&lt;element-id&gt;"</code> and <code>event = "&lt;event-type&gt;"</code> are similar to the <code>begin = "&lt;element-id&gt;.&lt;event-type&gt;"</code> attribute in
SMIL EventTiming [<a class="nref" href="#ref_SMIL20">SMIL20</a>].</p>

<h3><a id="sec_3.1.1." name="sec_3.1.1.">3.1.1.Examples of listener Usage</a></h3>

<ol>
<li>
<p>This example attaches the handler in the element at <code>"#doit"</code> that will get activated when the event called <code>activate</code> occurs on the element with <code>id="button1"</code>,
or any of its children. The activation will occur during bubbling, or if the event happened on the observer element itself, when the event reaches the element (phase <em>target</em>).</p>

<pre>
&lt;listener event="activate" observer="button1" handler="#doit"/&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>This attaches the handler at <code>#overflow-handler</code> that will get activated when the event <code>overflow</code> occurs on the element with <code>id="expr1"</code> and bubbles up to the
element with <code>id="prog1"</code>.</p>

<pre>
&lt;listener event="overflow" observer="prog1" target="expr1"
        handler="#overflow-handler"/&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>This attaches the handler at <code>#popup</code> that will get activated whenever an <code>activate</code> event occurs at the element with <code>id="embargo"</code> or any of its children. Since
it will be activated during the capture phase, and propagation is stopped, this will have the effect (regardless of what the handler does) of preventing any child elements of the <code>embargo</code>
element seeing any <code>activate</code> events.</p>

<pre>
&lt;listener event="activate" observer="embargo" handler="#popup"
        phase="capture" propagate="stop"/&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>This attaches a handler from another document.</p>

<pre>
&lt;listener event="activate" observer="image1"
    handler="/handlers/events.xml#activate"/&gt;
</pre>
</li>
</ol>

<h2><a id="section-listener-observer" name="section-listener-observer">3.2.Attaching Attributes Directly to the Observer Element</a></h2>

<p>All the attributes from the <code>listener</code> element with the exception of <code>id</code> may be used as global attributes, as defined in <em>Namespaces in XML</em> [<a class="nref" href=
"#ref_XMLNAMES">XMLNAMES</a>], to attach the attributes to other elements.</p>

<p>Note that this means that the <code>&lt;listener&gt;</code> element is strictly speaking redundant, since the following</p>

<pre>
&lt;anyelement ev:event="click" ev:observer="button1" ev:handler="#clicker"/&gt;
</pre>

<p>would have the same effect as</p>

<pre>
&lt;ev:listener event="click" observer="button1" handler="#clicker"/&gt;
</pre>

<p>Nonetheless, for utility the <code>&lt;listener&gt;</code> element has been retained.</p>

<p>If the <code>observer</code> attribute is omitted (but not the <code>handler</code> attribute), then the element that the other attributes are attached to is the observer element.</p>

<h3><a id="sec_3.2.1." name="sec_3.2.1.">3.2.1. Examples of Using Attributes Attached to an Observer Element</a></h3>

<ol>
<li>
<p>This first example will attach the handler identified by <code>"#popper"</code> to the <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> element, and cancel the default action for the event.</p>

<pre>
&lt;a href="doc.html" ev:event="activate" ev:handler="#popper"
   ev:defaultAction="cancel"&gt;The document&lt;/a&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>This will attach the handler at <code>#handle-overflow</code> for the event <code>overflow</code> to the current element.</p>

<pre>
&lt;div ev:event="overflow" ev:handler="#handle-overflow"&gt; ... &lt;/div&gt;
</pre>
</li>
</ol>

<h2><a id="section-listener-handler" name="section-listener-handler">3.3.Attaching Attributes Directly to the Handler Element</a></h2>

<p>If, when attaching the global attributes to an element, the <code>handler</code> attribute is omitted then the element that the other attributes are attached to is the handler element.</p>

<p>Note that, since the <code>observer</code> and <code>target</code> attributes are IDREFs, in this case the handler and observer/target elements must be in the same document (while in other cases,
since the <code>handler</code> attribute is a URI, the handler element may be in another document).</p>

<p>If the <code>observer</code> attribute is also omitted, then the parent of the handler element is the observer element.</p>

<h3><a id="sec_3.3.1." name="sec_3.3.1.">3.3.1. Examples of Using Attributes Attached to a Handler Element</a></h3>

<ol>
<li>
<p>In this case the element is the handler for the <code>submit</code> event on the element with <code>id="form1"</code>.</p>

<pre>
&lt;script type="application/x-javascript"
        ev:event="submit" ev:observer="form1"&gt;
   return docheck(event);
&lt;/script&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>In this case the <code>&lt;action&gt;</code> element is the handler for event <code>q-submit</code>, and the observer is the <code>questionnaire</code> element.</p>

<pre>
&lt;questionnaire submissionURL="/q/tally"&gt;
    &lt;action ev:event="q-submit"&gt;
      ...
    &lt;/action&gt;
    ...
 &lt;/questionnaire&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>The <code>&lt;script&gt;</code> element is the handler for event <code>click</code>; the <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> element is the observer.</p>

<pre>
&lt;img src="button.gif" alt="OK"&gt;
    &lt;script ev:event="activate" type="application/x-javascript"&gt;
        doactivate(event);
    &lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/img&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>The <code>&lt;onevent&gt;</code> element is the handler for event <code>enterforward</code>. The <code>&lt;card&gt;</code> element is the observer.</p>

<pre>
&lt;card&gt;
    &lt;onevent ev:event="enterforward"&gt;
        &lt;go href="/url"/&gt;
    &lt;/onevent&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;
      Hello!
    &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/card&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>The <code>&lt;catch&gt;</code> element is the handler for the <code>nomatch</code> event. The observer is the <code>&lt;field&gt;</code> element.</p>

<pre>
&lt;form id="launch_missiles"&gt;
  &lt;field name="password"&gt;
    &lt;prompt&gt;What is the code word?&lt;/prompt&gt;
    &lt;grammar&gt;
      &lt;rule id="root" scope="public"&gt;rutabaga&lt;/rule&gt;
    &lt;/grammar&gt;
    &lt;help&gt;It is the name of an obscure vegetable.&lt;/help&gt;
    &lt;catch ev:event="nomatch"&gt;
      &lt;prompt&gt;Security violation!&lt;/prompt&gt;
      &lt;submit next="apprehend_felon" namelist="user_id"/&gt;
    &lt;/catch&gt;
  &lt;/field&gt;
  &lt;block&gt;
    &lt;goto next="#get_city"/&gt;
  &lt;/block&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>
<p>This example shows three handlers for different events. The observer for all three is the <code>&lt;secret&gt;</code> element.</p>

<pre>
&lt;secret ref="/login/password"&gt;
    &lt;caption&gt;Please enter your password&lt;/caption&gt;
    &lt;info ev:event="help"&gt;
        Mail help@example.com in case of problems
    &lt;/info&gt;
    &lt;info ev:event="hint"&gt;
        A pet's name
    &lt;/info&gt;
    &lt;info ev:event="alert"&gt;
        This field is required
    &lt;/info&gt;
&lt;/secret&gt;
</pre>
</li>
</ol>

<h2><a id="section-attributedefaulting" name="section-attributedefaulting">3.4.Summary of Observer and Handler Attribute Defaulting</a></h2>

<p>The following table summarizes which elements play the role of observer or handler if the relevant attribute is omitted.</p>

<table cellpadding="3" border="1" summary="The effect of omitted observer and handler attributes">
<caption>The effect of omitted observer and handler attributes</caption>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<th>Handler present</th>
<th>Handler omitted</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<th>Observer present</th>
<td>(As declared)</td>
<td>Element is handler</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th>Observer omitted</th>
<td>Element is observer</td>
<td>Element is handler<br />
 Parent is observer</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<h2><a id="section-eventhandlers" name="section-eventhandlers">3.5.Event Handlers</a></h2>

<p>This specification does not require an XML application that uses XML Events to use any particular method for specifying handlers. However, the examples, particularly those in the section on
attaching the attributes directly to the handler, are intended to give examples of how they could be specified.</p>

<p>It is however recognized that two methods are likely to occur often: scripting (such as XHTML's &lt;script&gt; element) and declarative markup using XML elements (such as WML's &lt;onevent&gt;
element). A companion specification will provide markup to support these methods.</p>

<h2><a id="section-basic" name="section-basic">3.6.The Basic XML Events Profile</a></h2>

<p>The Basic XML Events Profile allows restrictions on the usage of the XML Events Module in order to make processing easier on small devices.</p>

<p>The Basic Profile allows the following restrictions on the use of <code>listener</code> element and its attributes, and on the use of the attributes from the <code>listener</code> element as
global attributes.</p>

<ol>
<li>
<p>External Event Handlers</p>

<p>The ability to process external event handlers is not required. When the 'handler' attribute on the <code>listener</code> element is used, or when the global 'handler' attribute is used, the
handler specified in the value of that attribute should be within the current document.</p>

<p>For example, the following is allowed:</p>

<pre>
&lt;listener event="click" target="#button1" handler="#clicker"/&gt;
</pre>

<p>while the following is not required to be processed:</p>

<pre>
&lt;listener event="click" target="#button1" handler="doc2.html#clicker"/&gt;
</pre>
</li>

<li>Ordering of Event Bindings

<p>The binding of an event handler to an observer may be required to be lexically before the end of the observer element. In other words, a &lt;listener&gt; binding to an observer may not occur after
the closing tag of the observer element, and an event handler carrying the attributes to bind it to an observer may also not occur after the closing tag of the observer element.</p>
</li>
</ol>

<h1><a id="section-event-naming" name="section-event-naming">4.Naming Event Types</a></h1>

<p><em>This section is informative.</em></p>

<p>This specification does not normatively specify how language designers should name events (i.e., the values used in the <code>event</code> attribute).</p>

<p>However, future versions of DOM Events are likely to allow namespaced event names, so language designers are advised not to use the colon character ":" in event names.</p>

<p>A number of event types are defined in DOM2 [<a class="nref" href="#ref_DOM2EVENTS">DOM2EVENTS</a>], to which you should refer for their names and semantics.</p>

<!--OddPage-->
<h1><a id="a_DTD_definition" name="a_DTD_definition">A.DTD Implementation</a></h1>

<p>This appendix is <em>normative</em>.</p>

<p>The DTD implementation of XML Events conforms to the requirements defined in [<a class="nref" href="#ref_XHTMLMOD">XHTMLMOD</a>]. Consequently, it provides a Qualified Names sub-module, and a
module file for the XML Events module defined in this Proposed Recommendation.</p>

<h2><a id="a_module_qname" name="a_module_qname">A.1.Qualified Names Module</a></h2>

<p>Note that this module defines the parameter entity <code>%xml-events-attrs.qname;</code>. This entity is intended to be used in the attribute lists of elements in any host language that permits
the use of event attributes on elements in its own namespace. In this case the Host Language driver should set a parameter entity <code>%XML-EVENTS.prefixed;</code> to <code>INCLUDE</code> and a
parameter entity <code>%XML-EVENTS.prefix;</code> to a value that is the prefix for the XML Events attributes.</p>

<pre class="dtd">
&lt;!-- ....................................................................... --&gt;
&lt;!-- XML Events Qname Module  ............................................ --&gt;
&lt;!-- file: xml-events-qname-1.mod

     This is XML Events - the Events Module for XML,
     a definition of access to the DOM events model.

     Copyright 2000-2003 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.

     This DTD module is identified by the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers:

       PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES XML Events Qnames 1.0//EN"
       SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xml-events-qname-1.mod"

     Revisions:
     (none)
     ....................................................................... --&gt;

&lt;!-- XML Events Qname (Qualified Name) Module

     This module is contained in two parts, labeled Section 'A' and 'B':

       Section A declares parameter entities to support namespace-
       qualified names, namespace declarations, and name prefixing
       for XML Events and extensions.

       Section B declares parameter entities used to provide
       namespace-qualified names for all XML Events element types:

         %listener.qname;   the xmlns-qualified name for &lt;listener&gt;
         ...

     XML Events extensions would create a module similar to this one.
     Included in the XML distribution is a template module
     ('template-qname-1.mod') suitable for this purpose.
--&gt;

&lt;!-- Section A: XML Events XML Namespace Framework :::::::::::::::::::: --&gt;

&lt;!-- 1. Declare a %XML-EVENTS.prefixed; conditional section keyword, used
        to activate namespace prefixing. The default value should
        inherit '%NS.prefixed;' from the DTD driver, so that unless
        overridden, the default behavior follows the overall DTD
        prefixing scheme.
--&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% NS.prefixed</span> "IGNORE" &gt;
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% XML-EVENTS.prefixed</span> "%NS.prefixed;" &gt;

&lt;!-- 2. Declare a parameter entity (eg., %XML-EVENTS.xmlns;) containing
        the URI reference used to identify the XML Events namespace
--&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% XML-EVENTS.xmlns</span>  "http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events" &gt;

&lt;!-- 3. Declare parameter entities (eg., %XML.prefix;) containing
        the default namespace prefix string(s) to use when prefixing
        is enabled. This may be overridden in the DTD driver or the
        internal subset of an document instance. If no default prefix
        is desired, this may be declared as an empty string.

     NOTE: As specified in [XMLNAMES], the namespace prefix serves
     as a proxy for the URI reference, and is not in itself significant.
--&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% XML-EVENTS.prefix</span>  "" &gt;

&lt;!-- 4. Declare parameter entities (eg., %XML-EVENTS.pfx;) containing the
        colonized prefix(es) (eg., '%XML-EVENTS.prefix;:') used when
        prefixing is active, an empty string when it is not.
--&gt;
&lt;![%XML-EVENTS.prefixed;[
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% XML-EVENTS.pfx</span>  "%XML-EVENTS.prefix;:" &gt;
]]&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% XML-EVENTS.pfx</span>  "" &gt;

&lt;!-- declare qualified name extensions here ............ --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% xml-events-qname-extra.mod</span> "" &gt;
%xml-events-qname-extra.mod;

&lt;!-- 5. The parameter entity %XML-EVENTS.xmlns.extra.attrib; may be
        redeclared to contain any non-XML Events namespace declaration
        attributes for namespaces embedded in XML. The default
        is an empty string.  XLink should be included here if used
        in the DTD.
--&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% XML-EVENTS.xmlns.extra.attrib</span> "" &gt;


&lt;!-- Section B: XML Qualified Names ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: --&gt;

&lt;!-- 6. This section declares parameter entities used to provide
        namespace-qualified names for all XML Events element types.
--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% xml-events.listener.qname</span>  "%XML-EVENTS.pfx;listener" &gt;


&lt;!-- The following defines a PE for use in the attribute sets of elements in
     other namespaces that want to incorporate the XML Event attributes. Note
     that in this case the XML-EVENTS.pfx should always be defined. --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% xml-events.attrs.qname</span>
   "%XML-EVENTS.pfx;event            NMTOKEN      #IMPLIED
    %XML-EVENTS.pfx;observer         IDREF        #IMPLIED
    %XML-EVENTS.pfx;target           IDREF        #IMPLIED
    %XML-EVENTS.pfx;handler          %URI.datatype;        #IMPLIED
    %XML-EVENTS.pfx;phase            (capture|default) #IMPLIED
    %XML-EVENTS.pfx;propagate        (stop|continue) #IMPLIED
    %XML-EVENTS.pfx;defaultAction    (cancel|perform) #IMPLIED"
    &gt;

&lt;!-- end of xml-events-qname-1.mod --&gt;

</pre>

<h2><a id="a_module_xml_events" name="a_module_xml_events">A.2.XML Events Module</a></h2>

<pre class="dtd">
&lt;!-- ...................................................................... --&gt;
&lt;!-- XML Events Module .................................................... --&gt;
&lt;!-- file: xml-events-1.mod

     This is XML Events - the Events Module for XML.
     a redefinition of access to the DOM events model.

     Copyright 2000-2003 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.

     This DTD module is identified by the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers:

       PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES XML Events 1.0//EN"
       SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xml-events-1.mod"

     Revisions:
     (none)
     ....................................................................... --&gt;


&lt;!-- XML Events defines the listener element and its attributes --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY <span class="entity">% xml-events.listener.content</span> "EMPTY" &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT <span class="element">%xml-events.listener.qname;</span> %xml-events.listener.content;&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST %xml-events.listener.qname;
    id               ID           #IMPLIED
    event            NMTOKEN      #REQUIRED
    observer         IDREF        #IMPLIED
    target           IDREF        #IMPLIED
    handler          %anyURI.datatype;        #IMPLIED
    phase            (capture|default) #IMPLIED
    propagate        (stop|continue) #IMPLIED
    defaultAction    (cancel|perform) #IMPLIED
&gt;

&lt;!-- end of xml-events-1.mod --&gt;

</pre>

<!--OddPage-->
<h1><a id="a_Schema_definition" name="a_Schema_definition">B.Schema Implementation</a></h1>

<p>This appendix is <em>normative</em>.</p>

<p>The schema implementation of XML Events conforms to the requirements defined in [<a class="nref" href="#ref_XHTMLSCHEMAMOD">XHTMLSCHEMAMOD</a>]. It is divided into an attributes module and an
element module for the XML Events module defined in this Proposed Recommendation.</p>

<h2><a id="a_schema_attribs" name="a_schema_attribs">B.1.Attributes Module</a></h2>

<!-- INCLUDING SCHEMA SCHEMA/xml-events-attribs-1.xsd.mhtml -->
<pre class="dtd">
&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;xs:schema
    targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events"
    xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events"
    xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
                        http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema.xsd"
    elementFormDefault="unqualified"
    blockDefault="#all"
    finalDefault="#all"
    attributeFormDefault="unqualified"&gt;

  &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:documentation&gt;
      This is the XML Schema for XML Events global attributes

      URI: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SCHEMA/xml-events-attribs-1.xsd
      $Id: xml-events-attribs-1.xsd,v 1.5 2003/08/02 09:36:54 mimasa Exp $
    &lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;xs:documentation source="xml-events-copyright-1.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;

  &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:documentation&gt;
      XML Event Attributes

        These "global" event attributes are defined in "Attaching
        Attributes Directly to the Observer Element" of the XML
        Events specification.
    &lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
  &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;

  &lt;xs:attribute name="event" type="xs:NMTOKEN"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="observer" type="xs:IDREF"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="target" type="xs:IDREF"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="handler" type="xs:anyURI"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="phase" default="default"&gt;
    &lt;xs:simpleType&gt;
      &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN"&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="capture"/&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="default"/&gt;
      &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
    &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attribute&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="propagate" default="continue"&gt;
    &lt;xs:simpleType&gt;
      &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN"&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="stop"/&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="continue"/&gt;
      &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
    &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attribute&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="defaultAction" default="perform"&gt;
    &lt;xs:simpleType&gt;
      &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN"&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="cancel"/&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="perform"/&gt;
      &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
    &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attribute&gt;

  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="XmlEvents.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ev:event"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ev:observer"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ev:target"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ev:handler"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ev:phase"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ev:propagate"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ev:defaultAction"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;

&lt;/xs:schema&gt;

</pre>

<!-- END OF FILE SCHEMA/xml-events-attribs-1.xsd.mhtml -->
<h2><a id="a_schema_xml_events" name="a_schema_xml_events">B.2.XML Events Module</a></h2>

<!-- INCLUDING SCHEMA SCHEMA/xml-events-1.xsd.mhtml -->
<pre class="dtd">
&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;xs:schema
    targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events"
    xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
                        http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema.xsd"
    elementFormDefault="unqualified"
    blockDefault="#all"
    finalDefault="#all"
    attributeFormDefault="unqualified"&gt;

  &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:documentation&gt;
      This is the XML Schema for XML Events

      URI: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SCHEMA/xml-events-1.xsd
      $Id: xml-events-1.xsd,v 1.6 2003/08/02 09:36:54 mimasa Exp $
    &lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;xs:documentation source="xml-events-copyright-1.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;

  &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:documentation&gt;
      XML Events element listener

        This module defines the listener element for XML Events.
        This element can be used to define event listeners. This
        module relies upon the XmlEvents.attlist attribute group
        defined in xml-events-attribs-1.xsd.
    &lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
  &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;

  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="listener.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="event" use="required" type="xs:NMTOKEN"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="observer" type="xs:IDREF"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="target" type="xs:IDREF"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="handler" type="xs:anyURI"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="phase" default="default"&gt;
      &lt;xs:simpleType&gt;
        &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN"&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value="capture"/&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value="default"/&gt;
        &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
      &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
    &lt;/xs:attribute&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="propagate" default="continue"&gt;
      &lt;xs:simpleType&gt;
        &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN"&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value="stop"/&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value="continue"/&gt;
        &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
      &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
    &lt;/xs:attribute&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="defaultAction" default="perform"&gt;
      &lt;xs:simpleType&gt;
        &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN"&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value="cancel"/&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value="perform"/&gt;
        &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
      &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
    &lt;/xs:attribute&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:ID"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;

  &lt;xs:complexType name="listener.type"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="listener.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;

  &lt;xs:element name="<span class="element"><a id="a_smodule_element_listener">listener</a></span>" type="listener.type"/&gt;

&lt;/xs:schema&gt;

</pre>

<!-- END OF FILE SCHEMA/xml-events-1.xsd.mhtml --><!--OddPage-->
<h1><a id="s_refs" name="s_refs">C.References</a></h1>

<p>This appendix is <em>normative</em>.</p>

<h2><a id="s_norm-refs" name="s_norm-refs">C.1.Normative References</a></h2>

<dl>
<dt>[<a id="ref_DOM2EVENTS" name="ref_DOM2EVENTS" class="normref">DOM2EVENTS</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Events Specification</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, T. Pixley, <i><abbr title=
"editor">ed.</abbr></i>, 13 November 2000.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events</dd>

<dt>[<a id="ref_XML" name="ref_XML" class="normref">XML</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, T. Bray <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</i>,
<i><abbr title="editors">eds.</abbr></i>, 6 October 2000.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</dd>

<dt>[<a id="ref_SCHEMA" name="ref_SCHEMA" class="normref">SCHEMA</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/">XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, P. V. Biron <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</i>, <i><abbr
title="editors">eds.</abbr></i>, 2 May 2001.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/</dd>

<dt><a id="ref_RFC2119" name="ref_RFC2119" class="normref">[RFC2119]</a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">Key words for use in RFCs to indicate requirement levels</a></cite>", RFC 2119, S. Bradner, March 1997.<br />
 Available at: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</dd>

<dt><a id="ref_XMLNAMES" name="ref_XMLNAMES" class="ref">[XMLNAMES]</a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114">Namespaces in XML</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, T. Bray <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</i>, <i><abbr title="editors">
eds.</abbr></i>, 14 January 1999.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</dd>
</dl>

<h2><a id="s_other-refs" name="s_other-refs">C.2.Other References</a></h2>

<dl>
<dt>[<a id="ref_HTML4" name="ref_HTML4">HTML4</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224">HTML 4.01 Specification</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, D. Raggett <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</i>, <i><abbr title=
"editors">eds.</abbr></i>, 24 December 1999.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/html4</dd>

<dt>[<a id="ref_SMIL20" name="ref_SMIL20">SMIL20</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-smil20-20010807/">Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0)</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, J. Ayars <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
al.</i>, <i><abbr title="editors">eds.</abbr></i>, 7 August 2001.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-smil20-20010807/<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/smil20">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/smil20</dd>

<dt>[<a id="ref_SVG" name="ref_SVG">SVG</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/">Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0 Specification</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, J. Ferraiolo, <i><abbr title="editor">
ed.</abbr></i>, 4 September 2001.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/</dd>

<dt>[<a id="ref_XHTML" name="ref_XHTML">XHTML</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801">XHTML&#8482; 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)</a></cite>". S. Pemberton <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
al.</i>, 26 January 2000, revised 1 August 2002.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1</dd>

<dt>[<a id="ref_XHTMLMOD" name="ref_XHTMLMOD">XHTMLMOD</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410">Modularization of XHTML&#8482;</a></cite>", W3C Recommendation, M. Altheim <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</i>, <i>
<abbr title="editors">eds.</abbr></i>, 10 April 2001.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization</dd>

<dt>[<a id="ref_XHTMLSCHEMAMOD" name="ref_XHTMLSCHEMAMOD">XHTMLSCHEMAMOD</a>]</dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-xhtml-m12n-schema-20031003">Modularization of XHTML&#8482; in XML Schema</a></cite>", W3C Working Draft, D. Austin <i lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
al.</i>, <i><abbr title="editors">eds.</abbr></i>, 3 October 2003, <em>work in progress</em>.<br />
Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-xhtml-m12n-schema-20031003<br />
The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-m12n-schema">latest version</a> is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-m12n-schema</dd>
</dl>

<!--OddPage-->
<h1><a id="s_acks" name="s_acks">D.Acknowledgments</a></h1>

<p><em>This section is informative.</em></p>

<p>This document was originally edited by Ted Wugofski (Openwave).</p>

<p>Special acknowledgments to: Mark Baker (Sun Microsystems), Wayne Carr (Intel Corporation), Warner ten Kate (Philips Electronics), Patrick Schmitz, and Peter Stark (Ericsson) for their significant
contributions to the evolution of this specification.</p>

<p>At the time of publication, the participants in the W3C HTML Working Group were:</p>

<ul class="acks">
<li>Steven Pemberton, <abbr>CWI</abbr>/<abbr>W3C</abbr> (HTML Working Group Chair)</li>

<li>Daniel Austin, W. W. Grainger, <abbr>Inc.</abbr></li>

<li>Jim Bigelow, Hewlett-Packard Company</li>

<li>Mark Birbeck, x-port.net <abbr title="Limited">Ltd.</abbr> (Invited Expert)</li>

<li>Jonny Axelsson, Opera Software</li>

<li>Tantek &#199;elik, Microsoft Corporation</li>

<li>Beth Epperson, Netscape/<abbr title="America Online">AOL</abbr></li>

<li>Masayasu Ishikawa, <abbr>W3C</abbr> (Team Contact)</li>

<li>Shin'ichi Matsui, Panasonic</li>

<li>Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and Technology (Invited Expert)</li>

<li>Ann Navarro, WebGeek, <abbr>Inc.</abbr> (Invited Expert)</li>

<li>Subramanian Peruvemba, Oracle Corporation</li>

<li>Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer, SAP <abbr lang="de" xml:lang="de" title="Aktiengesellschaft">AG</abbr></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>