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<h1>Accessible Rich Internet Applications (<abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr>) 1.0</h1>
<h2 class="maturity">W3C Candidate Recommendation 18 January 2011</h2>
<dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/CR-wai-aria-20110118/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/CR-wai-aria-20110118/</a></dd><dt>Latest version:</dt><dd> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/">http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/</a> </dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-wai-aria-20100916/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-wai-aria-20100916/</a></dd><dt>Editors:</dt><dd>James Craig, Apple Inc.<br clear="none"/>
Michael Cooper, W3C</dd><dt>Previous Editors:</dt><dd> Lisa Pappas, Society for Technical Communication<br clear="none"/>
Rich Schwerdtfeger, IBM<br clear="none"/>
Lisa Seeman, UB Access <br clear="none"/>
</dd></dl>
<p id="version_singlepage">This document is also available as a <a href="complete">single page</a> version.</p>
<p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2008-2011 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p>
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<h2><a id="abstract" name="abstract">Abstract</a><!-- <a class="permalink" href="#abstract"><abbr title="Permalink to Abstract">#</abbr></a>--></h2>
<p>Accessibility of web content requires semantic information about widgets, structures, and behaviors, in order to allow assistive technologies to convey appropriate information to persons with disabilities. This specification provides an ontology of roles, states, and properties that define accessible user interface elements and can be used to improve the accessibility and interoperability of web content and applications. These semantics are designed to allow an author to properly convey user interface behaviors and structural information to assistive technologies in document-level markup. This document is part of the <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> suite described in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php"><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Overview</a>.</p>
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<a id="sotd" name="sotd"></a>
<h2>Status of this Document</h2>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
<p>This is a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/Process-20040205/tr.html#RecsCR">Candidate
Recommendation</a> of WAI-ARIA 1.0 by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/">Protocols & Formats
Working Group</a> of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/">Web Accessibility
Initiative</a>. This version incorporates changes in response to public
comments received on the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-wai-aria-20100916/">16
September 2010 Last Call Working Draft</a>. The Protocols and Formats Working
Group received 6 comments on that version. Refer to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/comments/issue_disposition_report?document_version_id=9">Issue
Disposition Report</a> for details. A <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/aria/change-history">history
of changes to WAI-ARIA</a> is available. </p>
<h3><a name="sotd_exit" id="sotd_exit"></a>Exit Criteria</h3>
<p>The Protocols and Formats Working Group intends to submit this document
for consideration as a W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/Process-20040205/tr.html#RecsPR">Proposed
Recommendation</a> as soon as the following conditions are met: </p>
<ol><li>Define <strong>test cases</strong>: Identify a set of unit tests, feature
tests, dynamic tests, and any additional tests needed to cover all ARIA
normative requirements;</li><li>Prepare <strong>test files</strong>: Prepare test files consisting of
HTML 4 content enhanced with WAI-ARIA, to cover all the test cases;</li><li>Test <strong>implementations</strong>: Perform these tests on multiple
separate combinations of user agent plus operating system plus accessibility
API;</li><li><strong>Evaluate</strong> test results: Examine results in accessibility
APIs as defined by the WAI-ARIA User Agent Implementation Guide;</li><li>Verify <strong>interoperable</strong> results: Find at least two implementations
of each normative requirement where the defined behavior for the respective
accessibility API is observed. </li></ol>
<p>Note that the goal is to find two implementations of each WAI-ARIA feature
using <em>any</em> of the accessibility APIs referenced in the WAI-ARIA User
Agent Implementation Guide, <em>not</em> to find two implementations on each
accessibility API defined in the guide. The two required passing examples
for different tests may be found on different implementations. </p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/1.0/CR/">WAI-ARIA 1.0 Implementations</a> page
contains further explanation of the terms and expectations above. It also
contains up-to-date information about the test suite, test harness, user
agents being examined, and interim test results in the draft <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/1.0/CR/implementation-report">implementation
report</a>. Implementers who wish to include their tools in the test process
will find instructions to submit their implementation for consideration.
The Protocols and Formats Working Group requests that initial implementations
be submitted by <strong>25 February 2011</strong>. The Working Group targets
1 July 2011 to complete the testing process and produce the implementation
report.</p>
<h3><a name="sotd_atrisk" id="sotd_atrisk"></a>Features at risk</h3>
<p>The Protocols and Formats Working Group has identified one feature at risk:</p>
<ol><li>The <a href="roles#textalternativecomputation">Text Alternative Computation
(Section 5.2.7.3)</a>, step 2B, may be changed from a normative requirement
to an informative recommendation if interoperable implementations are
not found. This does not affect the rest of the Text Alternative Computation.</li></ol>
<h3><a name="sotd_feedback" id="sotd_feedback"></a>Feedback</h3>
<p>The Protocols and Formats Working Group primarily seeks feedback relation
to implementation of WAI-ARIA, but feedback on any aspect of the specification
is accepted. When submitting feedback, please consider issues in the context
of the companion documents. Start with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/comments/instructions">instructions
for commenting</a> page to submit comments (preferred), or send email to <a href="mailto:public-pfwg-comments@w3.org">public-pfwg-comments@w3.org</a> (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-pfwg-comments/">comment
archive</a>). Comments are requested by <strong>25 February 2011</strong> but
will be accepted throughout the Candidate Recommendation period. In-progress
updates to the document may be viewed in the <a href="/WAI/PF/aria/">publicly
visible editors' draft</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="sotd_info" id="sotd_info"></a>Publication Information</h3>
<p>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</p>
<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32212/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
<p>The disclosure obligations of the Participants of this group are described in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/charter201006#patentpolicy">charter</a>.</p>
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<a id="toc" name="toc"></a>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ol class="toc"><li>1. <a href="introduction">Introduction</a><ol class="toc"><li>1.1. <a href="introduction#intro_ria_accessibility">Rich Internet Application Accessibility</a></li><li>1.2. <a href="introduction#target-audience">Target Audience</a></li><li>1.3. <a href="introduction#ua-support">User Agent Support</a></li><li>1.4. <a href="introduction#co-evolution">Co-Evolution of WAI-ARIA and Host Languages</a></li><li>1.5. <a href="introduction#authoring_practices">Authoring Practices</a><ol class="toc"><li>1.5.1. <a href="introduction#authoring_tools">Authoring Tools</a></li><li>1.5.2. <a href="introduction#authoring_testing">Testing Practices and Tools</a></li></ol></li><li>1.6. <a href="introduction#at_support">Assistive Technologies</a></li></ol></li><li>2. <a href="usage">Using WAI-ARIA</a><ol class="toc"><li>2.1. <a href="usage#usage_intro">WAI-ARIA Roles</a></li><li>2.2. <a href="usage#introstates">WAI-ARIA States and Properties</a></li><li>2.3. <a href="usage#managingfocus">Managing Focus</a></li></ol></li><li>3. <a href="normative">Normative Requirements for WAI-ARIA</a></li><li>4. <a href="terms">Important Terms</a></li><li>5. <a href="roles">The Roles Model</a><ol class="toc"><li>5.1. <a href="roles#relationshipsconcepts">Relationships Between Concepts</a><ol class="toc"><li>5.1.1. <a href="roles#superclassrole">Superclass Role</a></li><li>5.1.2. <a href="roles#subclassroles">Subclass Roles</a></li><li>5.1.3. <a href="roles#relatedConcept">Related Concepts</a></li><li>5.1.4. <a href="roles#baseConcept">Base Concept</a></li></ol></li><li>5.2. <a href="roles#Properties">Characteristics of Roles</a><ol class="toc"><li>5.2.1. <a href="roles#isAbstract">Abstract Roles</a></li><li>5.2.2. <a href="roles#requiredState">Required States and Properties</a></li><li>5.2.3. <a href="roles#supportedState">Supported States and Properties</a></li><li>5.2.4. <a href="roles#inheritedattributes">Inherited States and Properties</a></li><li>5.2.5. <a href="roles#mustContain">Required Owned Elements</a></li><li>5.2.6. <a href="roles#scope">Required Context Role</a></li><li>5.2.7. <a href="roles#namecalculation">Accessible Name Calculation</a></li><li>5.2.8. <a href="roles#childrenArePresentational">Presentational Children</a></li></ol></li><li>5.3. <a href="roles#roles_categorization">Categorization of Roles</a><ol class="toc"><li>5.3.1. <a href="roles#abstract_roles">Abstract Roles</a></li><li>5.3.2. <a href="roles#widget_roles">Widget Roles</a></li><li>5.3.3. <a href="roles#document_structure_roles">Document Structure</a></li><li>5.3.4. <a href="roles#landmark_roles">Landmark Roles</a></li></ol></li><li>5.4. <a href="roles#role_definitions">Definition of Roles</a></li></ol></li><li>6. <a href="states_and_properties">Supported States and Properties</a><ol class="toc"><li>6.1. <a href="states_and_properties#statevsprop">Clarification of States versus Properties</a></li><li>6.2. <a href="states_and_properties#state_prop_att">Characteristics of States and Properties</a><ol class="toc"><li>6.2.1. <a href="states_and_properties#propcharacteristic_relatedconcept">Related Concepts</a></li><li>6.2.2. <a href="states_and_properties#propcharacteristic_usedinrole">Used in Roles</a></li><li>6.2.3. <a href="states_and_properties#propcharacteristic_inheritsintoroles">Inherits into Roles</a></li><li>6.2.4. <a href="states_and_properties#propcharacteristic_value">Value</a></li></ol></li><li>6.3. <a href="states_and_properties#state_prop_values">Values for States and Properties</a></li><li>6.4. <a href="states_and_properties#global_states">Global States and Properties</a></li><li>6.5. <a href="states_and_properties#state_prop_taxonomy">Taxonomy of WAI-ARIA States and Properties</a><ol class="toc"><li>6.5.1. <a href="states_and_properties#attrs_widgets">Widget Attributes</a></li><li>6.5.2. <a href="states_and_properties#attrs_liveregions">Live Region Attributes</a></li><li>6.5.3. <a href="states_and_properties#attrs_dragdrop">Drag-and-Drop Attributes</a></li><li>6.5.4. <a href="states_and_properties#attrs_relationships">Relationship Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li>6.6. <a href="states_and_properties#state_prop_def">Definitions of States and Properties (all aria-* attributes)</a></li></ol></li><li>7. <a href="host_languages">Implementation in Host Languages</a><ol class="toc"><li>7.1. <a href="host_languages#host_general_role">Role Attribute</a></li><li>7.2. <a href="host_languages#host_general_attrs">State and Property Attributes</a></li><li>7.3. <a href="host_languages#host_general_focus">Focus Navigation</a></li><li>7.4. <a href="host_languages#implicit_semantics">Implicit WAI-ARIA Semantics</a></li><li>7.5. <a href="host_languages#host_general_conflict">Conflicts with Host Language Semantics</a></li><li>7.6. <a href="host_languages#state_property_processing">State and Property Attribute Processing</a></li></ol></li><li>8. <a href="conformance">Conformance</a><ol class="toc"><li>8.1. <a href="conformance#ua_noninterference">Non-interference with the Host Language</a></li><li>8.2. <a href="conformance#ua_dom">All WAI-ARIA in DOM</a></li><li>8.3. <a href="conformance#ua_domchanges">Assistive Technology Notifications Communicated to Web Applications</a></li><li>8.4. <a href="conformance#conformance_checkers">Conformance Checkers</a></li></ol></li><li>9. <a href="references">References</a><ol class="toc"><li>9.1. <a href="references#references_normative">Normative References</a></li><li>9.2. <a href="references#references_informative">Informative References</a></li></ol></li><li>10. <a href="appendices">Appendices</a><ol class="toc"><li>10.1. <a href="appendices#a_schemata">Schemata</a><ol class="toc"><li>10.1.1. <a href="appendices#a_impl_roles">Roles Implementation</a></li><li>10.1.2. <a href="appendices#xhtml_mod">WAI-ARIA Attributes Module</a></li><li>10.1.3. <a href="appendices#xhtml_dtd">XHTML plus WAI-ARIA DTD</a></li><li>10.1.4. <a href="appendices#xhtml-aria_cat">SGML Open Catalog Entry for XHTML+ARIA</a></li><li>10.1.5. <a href="appendices#xhtml_schema_mod">WAI-ARIA Attributes XML Schema Module</a></li><li>10.1.6. <a href="appendices#html_dtd">HTML 4.01 plus WAI-ARIA DTD</a></li></ol></li><li>10.2. <a href="appendices#typemapping">Mapping WAI-ARIA Value types to languages</a></li><li>10.3. <a href="appendices#quickref">WAI-ARIA Role, State, and Property Quick Reference</a></li><li>10.4. <a href="appendices#acknowledgements">Acknowledgments</a><ol class="toc"><li>10.4.1. <a href="appendices#ack_group">Participants in the PFWG at the time of publication</a></li><li>10.4.2. <a href="appendices#ack_others">Other previously active PFWG participants and other contributors to the Accessible Rich Internet Applications specification</a></li><li>10.4.3. <a href="appendices#ack_funders">Enabling funders</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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