i18n 37.2 KB
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          <li class="current">Internationalization (All)</li>
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               <h1 class="title">Internationalization (All)</h1>
               <ul class="w3c_toc">
   <li>
      <a href="#completed">completed&#xA0;work</a>
	  &#x2014;&#xA0;including&#xA0;<a href="#stds">standards</a>
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               <div id="w3c_content_body">
                  <div id="w3c_generated_status">
      <p id="w3c_toggle_include" class="default_open intro tPadding">This page summarizes the relationships among specifications, whether they are finished standards or drafts. Below, each title
links to the most recent version of a document.
     For related introductory information, see: <a href="http://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/i18n">Internationalization</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/standards/webarch/considerations">Protocol and Meta Format Considerations</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/standards/xml/core">XML Essentials</a>.</p>
      <h2 id="completed">Completed Work</h2>
      <p>
         <a href="/TR/tr-technology-stds">W3C Recommendations</a> have
	been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other
	W3C groups and interested parties, and are endorsed by the
	Director as Web Standards. Learn more about the <a href="/Consortium/Process/tr#rec-advance">W3C Recommendation
	Track</a>.</p>
      <p>
         <a href="/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#q75">Group Notes</a> are <em>not</em> standards and do not
	have the same level of W3C endorsement.</p>
      <h3 id="stds">Standards</h3>
      <div class="data lMargin rMargin">
         <table class="w3c_spec_summary_table">
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td class="table_datecol">
                     <a href="../history/its" title="Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 1.0 publication history">2007-04-03</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is REC" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-its-20070403/">Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 1.0</a>
                     </h4>
                     <p class="rec_support_data">
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=its">translations</a>
	      &#xB7;
	    <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/its/itstagset/its-errata.html">errata</a>
                     </p>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>A set of recommendations for data
                        categories that can be mapped to elements
                        and attributes to support the
                        internationalization and localization of
                        marked up content. Implementations are
                        provided for DTDs, XML Schema and Relax NG,
                        and for existing vocabularies like XHTML,
                        DocBook and OpenDocument.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/charmod" title="Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Fundamentals publication history">2005-02-15</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is REC" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-charmod-20050215/">Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Fundamentals</a>
                     </h4>
                     <p class="rec_support_data">
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=charmod">translations</a>
	      &#xB7;
	    <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/02/charmod-fundamentals-errata.html">errata</a>
                     </p>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Architectural Specification building on
                        Unicode to provide authors of
                        specifications, software developers, and
                        content developers with a common reference
                        for interoperable text handling on the
                        World Wide Web.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr class="lastRow">
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/ruby" title="Ruby Annotation publication history">2001-05-31</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is REC" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-ruby-20010531">Ruby Annotation</a>
                     </h4>
                     <p class="rec_support_data">
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=ruby">translations</a>
	      &#xB7;
	    <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/05/ruby-errata">errata</a>
                     </p>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>"Ruby" are short runs of text alongside the base text, typically used in East Asian documents to indicate pronunciation or to provide a short annotation. This specification defines markup for ruby, in the form of an XHTML module.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table>
      </div>
      <h3 id="notes">Group Notes</h3>
      <div class="data lMargin rMargin">
         <table class="w3c_spec_summary_table">
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td class="table_datecol">
                     <a href="../history/timezone" title="Working with Time Zones publication history">2011-07-05</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/NOTE-timezone-20110705/">Working with Time Zones</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>
This document contains guidelines and best 
practices for working with time and time zones in applications and 
document formats.
   </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/charreq" title="Requirements for String Identity Matching and String Indexing publication history">2009-09-15</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-charreq-20090915/">Requirements for String Identity Matching and String Indexing</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>This document was written as the first step towards a character model for W3C specifications. The views expressed have evolved over the intervening years, and the document was re-published purely to preserve the historical record.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/i18n-html-tech-bidi" title="Authoring HTML: Handling Right-to-left Scripts publication history">2009-09-08</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-i18n-html-tech-bidi-20090908/">Authoring HTML: Handling Right-to-left Scripts</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>
Provides HTML/XHTML authors with best practice for developing internationalized HTML supported by CSS to create pages for languages that use bidirectional text, such as Arabic and Hebrew.
		       </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/leiri" title="Legacy extended IRIs for XML resource identification publication history">2008-11-03</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-leiri-20081103/">Legacy extended IRIs for XML resource identification</a>
                     </h4>
                     <p class="rec_support_data">
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=leiri">translations</a>
                     </p>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>For historic reasons, some formats have allowed variants of IRIs that are somewhat less restricted in syntax, for example XML system identifiers and W3C XML Schema anyURIs. This document provides a definition and a name (Legacy Extended IRI or LEIRI) for these variants for easy reference. 
			 
		       </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/xml-i18n-bp" title="Best Practices for XML Internationalization publication history">2008-02-13</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-xml-i18n-bp-20080213/">Best Practices for XML Internationalization</a>
                     </h4>
                     <p class="rec_support_data">
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=xml-i18n-bp">translations</a>
                     </p>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Provides a set of guidelines for
                        developing XML documents and schemas that
                        are properly internationalized, aimed at
                        both developers of XML applications and
                        authors of XML content.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/unicode-xml" title="Unicode in XML and other Markup Languages publication history">2007-05-16</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/NOTE-unicode-xml-20070516/">Unicode in XML and other Markup Languages</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>
	This document contains guidelines on the use of the Unicode Standard in conjunction with markup languages such as XML.

		       </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/i18n-html-tech-lang" title="Internationalization Best Practices: Specifying Language in XHTML &amp; HTML Content publication history">2007-04-12</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/NOTE-i18n-html-tech-lang-20070412/">Internationalization Best Practices: Specifying Language in XHTML &amp; HTML Content</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>
Provides HTML/XHTML authors with best practice for developing internationalized HTML supported by CSS to create pages for languages that use bidirectional text, such as Arabic and Hebrew.			 
		       </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/arabic-math" title="Arabic mathematical notation publication history">2006-01-31</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/NOTE-arabic-math-20060131">Arabic mathematical notation</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Analyzes potential problems with the use of MathML for the presentation of mathematics in the notations customarily used with Arabic, and related languages.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/ws-i18n-req" title="Requirements for the Internationalization of Web Services publication history">2004-11-16</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-i18n-req-20041116/">Requirements for the Internationalization of Web Services</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Developed to help achieve worldwide
                        usability for Web services, these
                        requirements address the way
                        internationalization options are exposed in
                        Web services definitions, descriptions,
                        messages, and discovery mechanisms.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr class="lastRow">
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/ws-i18n-scenarios" title="Web Services Internationalization Usage Scenarios publication history">2004-07-30</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is NOTE" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-i18n-scenarios-20040730/">Web Services Internationalization Usage Scenarios</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Describes internationalization usage
                        patterns and scenarios for Web services.
                        Provides additional guidance for
                        implementers of Web service technologies,
                        suggesting methods for dealing with general
                        international interoperability issues in
                        services and service descriptions. Provides
                        a template for Web service designers to
                        implement international capabilities in
                        their services.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table>
      </div>
      <h2 id="drafts">Drafts</h2>
      <p>Below are draft documents:
      <a href="/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsCR">Candidate Recommendations</a>, <a href="/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr.html#RecsWD">other Working Drafts</a>.
      Some of these may become Web Standards through the <a href="/Consortium/Process/tr#rec-advance">W3C Recommendation Track
      process</a>. Others may be published as Group Notes or
      become obsolete specifications.</p>
      <h3 id="cr">Candidate Recommendations</h3>
      <div class="data lMargin rMargin">
         <table class="w3c_spec_summary_table">
            <tbody>
               <tr class="lastRow">
                  <td class="table_datecol">
                     <a href="../history/charmod-resid" title="Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Resource Identifiers publication history">2004-11-22</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is CR" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/CR-charmod-resid-20041122/">Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Resource Identifiers</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Architectural Specification providing authors of specifications, software developers, and content developers with a common reference for the use of resource identifiers building on Unicode.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table>
      </div>
      <h3 id="wd">Other Working Drafts</h3>
      <div class="data lMargin rMargin">
         <table class="w3c_spec_summary_table">
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td class="table_datecol">
                     <a href="../history/jlreq" title="Requirements for Japanese Text Layout publication history">2011-11-29</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-jlreq-20111129/">Requirements for Japanese Text Layout</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Describes requirements for general
                        Japanese layout realized with technologies
                        like CSS, SVG and XSL-FO. The document is
                        mainly based on a standard for Japanese
                        layout, JIS X 4051, however, it also
                        addresses areas which are not covered by
                        JIS X 4051.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/css3-fonts" title="CSS Fonts Module Level 3 publication history">2011-10-04</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-fonts-20111004/">CSS Fonts Module Level 3</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>This CSS3 module describes how font properties are specified and how font resources are loaded dynamically. The contents of this specification are a consolidation of content previously divided into CSS3 Fonts and CSS3 Web Fonts modules.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/css3-text" title="CSS Text Level 3 publication history">2011-09-01</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-text-20110901/">CSS Text Level 3</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>This CSS3 module defines properties for text manipulation and
specifies their processing model. It covers line breaking,
justification and alignment, white space handling, text decoration
and text transformation.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/css3-ruby" title="CSS3 Ruby Module publication history">2011-06-30</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-ruby-20110630/">CSS3 Ruby Module</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>
The set of CSS properties proposed in this 
document can be used in combination with the ruby elements of HTML to 
produce the stylistic effects needed to display ruby text appropriately 
relative to base text.
  </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/css3-lists" title="CSS Lists and Counters Module Level 3 publication history">2011-05-24</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-lists-20110524">CSS Lists and Counters Module Level 3</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>This CSS level 3 module describes how lists are styled.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/html-bidi" title="Additional Requirements for Bidi in HTML publication history">2010-03-04</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html-bidi-20100304/">Additional Requirements for Bidi in HTML</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>This document contains proposals for new
features to be added to HTML to support bidirectional text in languages such
as Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Thaana, Urdu, etc.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/ws-i18n" title="Web Services Internationalization (WS-I18N) publication history">2008-04-15</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-ws-i18n-20080415/">Web Services Internationalization (WS-I18N)</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Describes enhancements to SOAP messaging
                        to provide internationalized and localized
                        operations using locale and international
                        preferences. These mechanisms can be used
                        to accommodate a wide variety of
                        development models for international
                        usage.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/ltli" title="Language Tags and Locale Identifiers for the World Wide Web publication history">2006-06-12</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-ltli-20060612/">Language Tags and Locale Identifiers for the World Wide Web</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>
	Describes mechanisms based on BCP 47 for identifying or selecting the language of content or locale preferences used to process information using Web technologies. 
			 
		       </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/charmod-norm" title="Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Normalization publication history">2005-10-27</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-charmod-norm-20051027/">Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Normalization</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Architectural Specification providing authors of specifications, software developers, and content developers with a common reference for normalization and string identity matching to improve interoperable text handling on the World Wide Web.
		       </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/i18n-html-tech-char" title="Authoring Techniques for XHTML &amp; HTML Internationalization: Characters and Encodings 1.0 publication history">2004-05-09</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-i18n-html-tech-char-20040509/">Authoring Techniques for XHTML &amp; HTML Internationalization: Characters and Encodings 1.0</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Provides HTML/XHTML authors with best practice for developing internationalized HTML supported by CSS, focusing specifically on advice about character sets, encodings, and other character-specific matters.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr class="lastRow">
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/css3-linebox" title="CSS3 module: line publication history">2002-05-15</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is WD" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-css3-linebox-20020515">CSS3 module: line</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Describes the positioning in the block progression direction both
of elements and text within lines and of the lines themselves. This
positioning is often relative to a baseline. It also describes special
features for formatting of first lines and drop caps.
</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table>
      </div>
      <h2 id="obsolete">Obsolete Specifications</h2>
      <p>These specifications have either been superseded by others,
      or have been abandoned. They remain available for archival
      purposes, but are not intended to be used.</p>
      <h3 id="retired">
	    Retired
	  </h3>
      <div class="data lMargin rMargin">
         <table class="w3c_spec_summary_table">
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td class="table_datecol">
                     <a href="../history/itsreq" title="Internationalization and Localization Markup Requirements publication history">2006-05-18</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is RETIRED" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-itsreq-20060518/">Internationalization and Localization Markup Requirements</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>
When creating schemas (XML Schema, DTD, etc.), it is important to include constructs that meet the needs of content authors dealing with international audiences, and address the needs of the localization community. This document provides a list of key requirements to achieve such a goal. 
		       </p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/i18n-guide-framework" title="Framework Document for i18n Guidelines 1.0 publication history">2003-04-17</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is RETIRED" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-i18n-guide-framework-20030417/">Framework Document for i18n Guidelines 1.0</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p> This is a discussion document produced by the Guidelines, Education &amp; Outreach Task Force (GEO) of the W3C Internationalization Working Group (I18N WG). It describes plans for producing documents that provide guidelines on internationalization of W3C technologies.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr class="lastRow">
                  <td>
                     <a href="../history/NOTE-html-lan" title="Primary Language in HTML publication history">1998-03-13</a>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                     <h4 class="w3c_status_title">
                        <a title="status is RETIRED" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-html-lan-19980313">Primary Language in HTML</a>
                     </h4>
                     <div class="expand_description">
                        <p>Thoughts on how to mark the primary
                        language(s) in a HTML document.</p>
                     </div>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table>
      </div>
   </div>
	                 <div id="externalrefs">
	                    <h2>Resources Developed Outside W3C</h2>
	    
	                    <p>The following resources are relevant to this area of
	    work.</p>
	    
	                    <h3>Internationalized Resource Identifiers (RFC
	    3987)</h3>
	    
	                    <p>
                        <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">RFC
	    3987: Internationalization Resource Identifiers</a>
	    defines a new protocol element, the Internationalized
	    Resource Identifier (IRI), as a complement to the Uniform
	    Resource Identifier (URI).</p>

	                    <h3>Internet-Draft: BCP 47 (RFC 4646 and RFC 4647)</h3>
	    
	                    <p>
                        <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt">IETF Best Current Practice 47</a> describes language tags and language tag matching for cases where it is desirable to indicate the language used in an information object. Comprises two IETF RFCs: RFC 4646 Tags for Identifying Languages and RFC 4647 Matching of Language Tags. The two editors of this best practice participate in the Internationalization Working Group. </p>

	                    <h3>Date and Time Formats</h3>
	    
	                    <p>
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-datetime-19980827">Date and Time Formats</a> is a W3C Member Submission that defines a profile of ISO 8601, the International Standard for the representation of dates and times, likely to satisfy most requirements.</p>
                     <p class="rec_support_data">
                        <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/Translations/Query?note=NOTE-datetime-19980827">translations</a>
                     </p>
	                 </div>
	              </div>
            </div>
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