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<h1><a name="title" id="title"/>Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0</h1>
<h2><a name="w3c-doctype" id="w3c-doctype"/>W3C Recommendation 18 November 2010</h2><dl><dt>This version:</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-ttaf1-dfxp-20101118/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-ttaf1-dfxp-20101118/</a>
</dd><dt>Latest version:</dt><dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/">http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/</a></dd><dt>Previous version:</dt><dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/PR-ttaf1-dfxp-20100914/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/PR-ttaf1-dfxp-20100914/</a>
</dd><dt>Editor:</dt><dd>Glenn Adams, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.</dd><dt>Contributing Authors:</dt><dd>Mike Dolan, Invited Expert</dd><dd>Geoff Freed, WGBH National Center for Accessible Media</dd><dd>Sean Hayes, Microsoft</dd><dd>Erik Hodge, RealNetworks</dd><dd>David Kirby, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)</dd><dd>Thierry Michel, W3C</dd><dd>Dave Singer, Apple Computer</dd></dl>

<p>Please refer to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/11/ttml-issues.html"><strong>errata</strong></a> for this document, which may include some normative corrections.</p>
<p>See also <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=ttaf1-dfxp"><strong>translations</strong></a>.</p>
<p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2010 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.</p></div><hr/><div>
<h2><a name="abstract" id="abstract"/>Abstract</h2><p>This document specifies the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) in terms of a
vocabulary and semantics thereof.</p><p>The Timed Text Markup Language is a content type that represents
timed text media for the purpose of interchange among authoring
systems. Timed text is textual information that is intrinsically or
extrinsically associated with timing information.</p><p>It is intended to be used
for the purpose of transcoding or exchanging timed text information
among legacy distribution content formats presently in use for
subtitling and captioning functions.</p><p>In addition to being used for interchange among legacy distribution content
formats, TTML content may be used directly as a distribution format,
for example, providing a standard content format to reference from a <code>&lt;text&gt;</code> or 
<code>&lt;textstream&gt;</code> media object element in a <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a> document.</p></div><div><h2><a name="status" id="status"/>Status of this Document</h2><p>
<em>This section describes the status of this document at the
time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document.
A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this
technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at
http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
</p><p>
This is the W3C Recommendation of the Timed Text (TTML) 1.0.
A <a href="http://www.w3.org/2008/10/dfxp-testsuite.zip">test
suite</a> is available, along with
its <a href="http://www.w3.org/2008/10/dfxp-test-coverage.html">coverage
report</a> and
a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2009/05/dfxp-results.html">implementation
report</a>.
</p>
<p>
Please send comments about this document to <a href='mailto:public-tt@w3.org'>public-tt@w3.org</a> (with <a href='http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-tt/'>public archive</a>).
</p>
<p>This document is based on feedback from implementers. A complete <a href='http://www.w3.org/2010/11/ttml-changes.html'>list of changes</a> to this document is available.
</p><p>This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
</p><p>
This document has been produced by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/TT/">Timed Text (TT) Working Group</a> as
part of the W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/2008/WebVideo/">Video
in the Web Activity</a>, following the procedures set out for the W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Process/">Process</a>.  The authors of this
document are listed in the header of this document.
</p><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/34314/status#disclosures">public list of any patent
disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An
individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual
believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>. </p></div><div class="toc">
<h2><a name="contents" id="contents"/>Table of Contents</h2><p class="toc">1 <a href="#intro">Introduction</a><br/>
    1.1 <a href="#model">System Model</a><br/>
    1.2 <a href="#example">Document Example</a><br/>
2 <a href="#definitions">Definitions</a><br/>
    2.1 <a href="#acronyms">Acronyms</a><br/>
    2.2 <a href="#terms">Terminology</a><br/>
    2.3 <a href="#conventions">Documentation Conventions</a><br/>
3 <a href="#conformance">Conformance</a><br/>
    3.1 <a href="#conformance-content">Content Conformance</a><br/>
    3.2 <a href="#conformance-processor">Processor Conformance</a><br/>
        3.2.1 <a href="#conformance-generic-processor">Generic Processor Conformance</a><br/>
        3.2.2 <a href="#conformance-transformation-processor">Transformation Processor Conformance</a><br/>
        3.2.3 <a href="#conformance-presentation-processor">Presentation Processor Conformance</a><br/>
    3.3 <a href="#claims">Claims</a><br/>
4 <a href="#doctypes">Document Types</a><br/>
    4.1 <a href="#dfxp-content-doctype">DFXP Content</a><br/>
5 <a href="#vocabulary">Vocabulary</a><br/>
    5.1 <a href="#vocabulary-namespaces">Namespaces</a><br/>
    5.2 <a href="#vocabulary-profiles">Profiles</a><br/>
    5.3 <a href="#vocabulary-overview">Catalog</a><br/>
        5.3.1 <a href="#core-vocabulary-overview">Core Catalog</a><br/>
        5.3.2 <a href="#extension-vocabulary-overview">Extension Catalog</a><br/>
6 <a href="#parameters">Parameters</a><br/>
    6.1 <a href="#parameter-element-vocabulary">Parameter Element Vocabulary</a><br/>
        6.1.1 <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile">ttp:profile</a><br/>
        6.1.2 <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-features">ttp:features</a><br/>
        6.1.3 <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-feature">ttp:feature</a><br/>
        6.1.4 <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extensions">ttp:extensions</a><br/>
        6.1.5 <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extension">ttp:extension</a><br/>
    6.2 <a href="#parameter-attribute-vocabulary">Parameter Attribute Vocabulary</a><br/>
        6.2.1 <a href="#parameter-attribute-cellResolution">ttp:cellResolution</a><br/>
        6.2.2 <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode">ttp:clockMode</a><br/>
        6.2.3 <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode">ttp:dropMode</a><br/>
        6.2.4 <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate">ttp:frameRate</a><br/>
        6.2.5 <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier">ttp:frameRateMultiplier</a><br/>
        6.2.6 <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode">ttp:markerMode</a><br/>
        6.2.7 <a href="#parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio">ttp:pixelAspectRatio</a><br/>
        6.2.8 <a href="#parameter-attribute-profile">ttp:profile</a><br/>
        6.2.9 <a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate">ttp:subFrameRate</a><br/>
        6.2.10 <a href="#parameter-attribute-tickRate">ttp:tickRate</a><br/>
        6.2.11 <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase">ttp:timeBase</a><br/>
7 <a href="#content">Content</a><br/>
    7.1 <a href="#content-element-vocabulary">Content Element Vocabulary</a><br/>
        7.1.1 <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt">tt</a><br/>
        7.1.2 <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head">head</a><br/>
        7.1.3 <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body">body</a><br/>
        7.1.4 <a href="#content-vocabulary-div">div</a><br/>
        7.1.5 <a href="#content-vocabulary-p">p</a><br/>
        7.1.6 <a href="#content-vocabulary-span">span</a><br/>
        7.1.7 <a href="#content-vocabulary-br">br</a><br/>
    7.2 <a href="#content-attribute-vocabulary">Content Attribute Vocabulary</a><br/>
        7.2.1 <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a><br/>
        7.2.2 <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a><br/>
        7.2.3 <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a><br/>
8 <a href="#styling">Styling</a><br/>
    8.1 <a href="#styling-element-vocabulary">Styling Element Vocabulary</a><br/>
        8.1.1 <a href="#styling-vocabulary-styling">styling</a><br/>
        8.1.2 <a href="#styling-vocabulary-style">style</a><br/>
    8.2 <a href="#styling-attribute-vocabulary">Styling Attribute Vocabulary</a><br/>
        8.2.1 <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a><br/>
        8.2.2 <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor">tts:backgroundColor</a><br/>
        8.2.3 <a href="#style-attribute-color">tts:color</a><br/>
        8.2.4 <a href="#style-attribute-direction">tts:direction</a><br/>
        8.2.5 <a href="#style-attribute-display">tts:display</a><br/>
        8.2.6 <a href="#style-attribute-displayAlign">tts:displayAlign</a><br/>
        8.2.7 <a href="#style-attribute-extent">tts:extent</a><br/>
        8.2.8 <a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily">tts:fontFamily</a><br/>
        8.2.9 <a href="#style-attribute-fontSize">tts:fontSize</a><br/>
        8.2.10 <a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle">tts:fontStyle</a><br/>
        8.2.11 <a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight">tts:fontWeight</a><br/>
        8.2.12 <a href="#style-attribute-lineHeight">tts:lineHeight</a><br/>
        8.2.13 <a href="#style-attribute-opacity">tts:opacity</a><br/>
        8.2.14 <a href="#style-attribute-origin">tts:origin</a><br/>
        8.2.15 <a href="#style-attribute-overflow">tts:overflow</a><br/>
        8.2.16 <a href="#style-attribute-padding">tts:padding</a><br/>
        8.2.17 <a href="#style-attribute-showBackground">tts:showBackground</a><br/>
        8.2.18 <a href="#style-attribute-textAlign">tts:textAlign</a><br/>
        8.2.19 <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration">tts:textDecoration</a><br/>
        8.2.20 <a href="#style-attribute-textOutline">tts:textOutline</a><br/>
        8.2.21 <a href="#style-attribute-unicodeBidi">tts:unicodeBidi</a><br/>
        8.2.22 <a href="#style-attribute-visibility">tts:visibility</a><br/>
        8.2.23 <a href="#style-attribute-wrapOption">tts:wrapOption</a><br/>
        8.2.24 <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode">tts:writingMode</a><br/>
        8.2.25 <a href="#style-attribute-zIndex">tts:zIndex</a><br/>
    8.3 <a href="#styling-style-value-expressions">Style Value Expressions</a><br/>
        8.3.1 <a href="#style-value-alpha">&lt;alpha&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.2 <a href="#style-value-color">&lt;color&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.3 <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.4 <a href="#style-value-duration">&lt;duration&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.5 <a href="#style-value-familyName">&lt;familyName&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.6 <a href="#style-value-genericFamilyName">&lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.7 <a href="#style-value-hexDigit">&lt;hexDigit&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.8 <a href="#style-value-integer">&lt;integer&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.9 <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.10 <a href="#style-value-namedColor">&lt;namedColor&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.11 <a href="#style-value-quotedString">&lt;quotedString&gt;</a><br/>
        8.3.12 <a href="#style-value-string">&lt;string&gt;</a><br/>
    8.4 <a href="#semantics-style-resolution">Style Resolution</a><br/>
        8.4.1 <a href="#semantics-style-association">Style Association</a><br/>
            8.4.1.1 <a href="#semantics-style-association-inline">Inline Styling</a><br/>
            8.4.1.2 <a href="#semantics-style-association-referential">Referential Styling</a><br/>
            8.4.1.3 <a href="#semantics-style-association-chained-referential">Chained Referential Styling</a><br/>
            8.4.1.4 <a href="#semantics-style-association-nested">Nested Styling</a><br/>
        8.4.2 <a href="#semantics-style-inheritance">Style Inheritance</a><br/>
            8.4.2.1 <a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-content">Content Style Inheritance</a><br/>
            8.4.2.2 <a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-region">Region Style Inheritance</a><br/>
        8.4.3 <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-value-categories">Style Resolution Value Categories</a><br/>
            8.4.3.1 <a href="#semantics-style-resolved-value-category-specified">Specified Values</a><br/>
            8.4.3.2 <a href="#semantics-style-resolved-value-category-computed">Computed Values</a><br/>
            8.4.3.3 <a href="#semantics-style-resolved-value-category-actual">Actual Values</a><br/>
        8.4.4 <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing">Style Resolution Processing</a><br/>
            8.4.4.1 <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-definitions">Conceptual Definitions</a><br/>
            8.4.4.2 <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-sss">Specified Style Set Processing</a><br/>
            8.4.4.3 <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-css">Computed Style Set Processing</a><br/>
            8.4.4.4 <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-process-overall">Style Resolution Process</a><br/>
9 <a href="#layout">Layout</a><br/>
    9.1 <a href="#layout-element-vocabulary">Layout Element Vocabulary</a><br/>
        9.1.1 <a href="#layout-vocabulary-layout">layout</a><br/>
        9.1.2 <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region">region</a><br/>
    9.2 <a href="#layout-attribute-vocabulary">Layout Attribute Vocabulary</a><br/>
        9.2.1 <a href="#layout-attribute-region">region</a><br/>
    9.3 <a href="#semantics-region-layout">Region Layout and Presentation</a><br/>
        9.3.1 <a href="#semantics-default-region">Default Region</a><br/>
        9.3.2 <a href="#semantics-region-layout-step-1">Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction</a><br/>
        9.3.3 <a href="#semantics-region-layout-step-2">Synchronic Flow Processing</a><br/>
        9.3.4 <a href="#semantics-region-layout-example">Elaborated Example (Informative)</a><br/>
    9.4 <a href="#semantics-line-layout">Line Layout</a><br/>
10 <a href="#timing">Timing</a><br/>
    10.1 <a href="#timing-element-vocabulary">Timing Element Vocabulary</a><br/>
    10.2 <a href="#timing-attribute-vocabulary">Timing Attribute Vocabulary</a><br/>
        10.2.1 <a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a><br/>
        10.2.2 <a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a><br/>
        10.2.3 <a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a><br/>
        10.2.4 <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer">timeContainer</a><br/>
    10.3 <a href="#timing-time-value-expressions">Time Value Expressions</a><br/>
        10.3.1 <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a><br/>
    10.4 <a href="#timing-time-intervals">Time Intervals</a><br/>
11 <a href="#animation">Animation</a><br/>
    11.1 <a href="#animation-element-vocabulary">Animation Element Vocabulary</a><br/>
        11.1.1 <a href="#animation-vocabulary-set">set</a><br/>
    11.2 <a href="#animation-attribute-vocabulary">Animation Attribute Vocabulary</a><br/>
12 <a href="#metadata">Metadata</a><br/>
    12.1 <a href="#metadata-element-vocabulary">Metadata Element Vocabulary</a><br/>
        12.1.1 <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata">metadata</a><br/>
        12.1.2 <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title">ttm:title</a><br/>
        12.1.3 <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-desc">ttm:desc</a><br/>
        12.1.4 <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-copyright">ttm:copyright</a><br/>
        12.1.5 <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-agent">ttm:agent</a><br/>
        12.1.6 <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-name">ttm:name</a><br/>
        12.1.7 <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-actor">ttm:actor</a><br/>
    12.2 <a href="#metadata-attribute-vocabulary">Metadata Attribute Vocabulary</a><br/>
        12.2.1 <a href="#metadata-attribute-agent">ttm:agent</a><br/>
        12.2.2 <a href="#metadata-attribute-role">ttm:role</a><br/>
</p>
<h3><a name="appendices" id="appendices"/>Appendices</h3><p class="toc">A <a href="#reduced-infoset">Reduced XML Infoset</a><br/>
    A.1 <a href="#reduced-infoset-document">Document Information Item</a><br/>
    A.2 <a href="#reduced-infoset-element">Element Information Item</a><br/>
    A.3 <a href="#reduced-infoset-attribute">Attribute Information Item</a><br/>
    A.4 <a href="#reduced-infoset-character">Character Information Item</a><br/>
B <a href="#schemas">Schemas</a><br/>
    B.1 <a href="#dfxp-schema-rnc">Relax NG Schema</a><br/>
        B.1.1 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-driver-schema">Driver</a><br/>
        B.1.2 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-modules">Modules</a><br/>
            B.1.2.1 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-animation-module">Animation Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.2 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-classes-module">Classes Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.3 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-content-module">Content Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.4 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-core-attribs-module">Core Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.5 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-datatypes-module">Data Types Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.6 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-document-module">Document Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.7 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-head-module">Header Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.8 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-layout-module">Layout Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.9 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-metadata-module">Metadata Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.10 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-metadata-items-module">Metadata Items Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.11 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-metadata-attribs-module">Metadata Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.12 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-parameters-module">Parameters Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.13 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-parameter-items-module">Parameter Items Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.14 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-parameter-attribs-module">Parameter Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.15 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-styling-attribs-module">Styling Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.16 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-styling-module">Styling Module</a><br/>
            B.1.2.17 <a href="#rnc-dfxp-timing-attribs-module">Timing Attributes Module</a><br/>
    B.2 <a href="#dfxp-schema-xsd">XML Schema Definition (XSD) Schema</a><br/>
        B.2.1 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-driver-schema">Driver</a><br/>
        B.2.2 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-modules">Modules</a><br/>
            B.2.2.1 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-animation-module">Animation Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.2 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-content-module">Content Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.3 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-core-attribs-module">Core Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.4 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-datatypes-module">Data Types Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.5 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-document-module">Document Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.6 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-head-module">Header Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.7 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-layout-module">Layout Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.8 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-metadata-module">Metadata Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.9 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-metadata-items-module">Metadata Items Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.10 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-metadata-attribs-module">Metadata Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.11 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-parameters-module">Parameters Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.12 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-parameter-items-module">Parameter Items Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.13 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-parameter-attribs-module">Parameter Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.14 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-styling-attribs-module">Styling Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.15 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-styling-module">Styling Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.16 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-timing-attribs-module">Timing Attributes Module</a><br/>
            B.2.2.17 <a href="#xsd-dfxp-xml-attrs-module">XML Attributes Module</a><br/>
C <a href="#media-type-registration">Media Type Registration</a><br/>
D <a href="#features">Features</a><br/>
    D.1 <a href="#feature-designations">Feature Designations</a><br/>
        D.1.1 <a href="#feature-animation">#animation</a><br/>
        D.1.2 <a href="#feature-backgroundColor">#backgroundColor</a><br/>
        D.1.3 <a href="#feature-backgroundColor-block">#backgroundColor-block</a><br/>
        D.1.4 <a href="#feature-backgroundColor-inline">#backgroundColor-inline</a><br/>
        D.1.5 <a href="#feature-backgroundColor-region">#backgroundColor-region</a><br/>
        D.1.6 <a href="#feature-bidi">#bidi</a><br/>
        D.1.7 <a href="#feature-cellResolution">#cellResolution</a><br/>
        D.1.8 <a href="#feature-clockMode">#clockMode</a><br/>
        D.1.9 <a href="#feature-clockMode-gps">#clockMode-gps</a><br/>
        D.1.10 <a href="#feature-clockMode-local">#clockMode-local</a><br/>
        D.1.11 <a href="#feature-clockMode-utc">#clockMode-utc</a><br/>
        D.1.12 <a href="#feature-color">#color</a><br/>
        D.1.13 <a href="#feature-content">#content</a><br/>
        D.1.14 <a href="#feature-core">#core</a><br/>
        D.1.15 <a href="#feature-direction">#direction</a><br/>
        D.1.16 <a href="#feature-display">#display</a><br/>
        D.1.17 <a href="#feature-display-block">#display-block</a><br/>
        D.1.18 <a href="#feature-display-inline">#display-inline</a><br/>
        D.1.19 <a href="#feature-display-region">#display-region</a><br/>
        D.1.20 <a href="#feature-displayAlign">#displayAlign</a><br/>
        D.1.21 <a href="#feature-dropMode">#dropMode</a><br/>
        D.1.22 <a href="#feature-dropMode-dropNTSC">#dropMode-dropNTSC</a><br/>
        D.1.23 <a href="#feature-dropMode-dropPAL">#dropMode-dropPAL</a><br/>
        D.1.24 <a href="#feature-dropMode-nonDrop">#dropMode-nonDrop</a><br/>
        D.1.25 <a href="#feature-extent">#extent</a><br/>
        D.1.26 <a href="#feature-extent-region">#extent-region</a><br/>
        D.1.27 <a href="#feature-extent-root">#extent-root</a><br/>
        D.1.28 <a href="#feature-fontFamily">#fontFamily</a><br/>
        D.1.29 <a href="#feature-fontFamily-generic">#fontFamily-generic</a><br/>
        D.1.30 <a href="#feature-fontFamily-non-generic">#fontFamily-non-generic</a><br/>
        D.1.31 <a href="#feature-fontSize">#fontSize</a><br/>
        D.1.32 <a href="#feature-fontSize-anamorphic">#fontSize-anamorphic</a><br/>
        D.1.33 <a href="#feature-fontSize-isomorphic">#fontSize-isomorphic</a><br/>
        D.1.34 <a href="#feature-fontStyle">#fontStyle</a><br/>
        D.1.35 <a href="#feature-fontStyle-italic">#fontStyle-italic</a><br/>
        D.1.36 <a href="#feature-fontStyle-oblique">#fontStyle-oblique</a><br/>
        D.1.37 <a href="#feature-fontWeight">#fontWeight</a><br/>
        D.1.38 <a href="#feature-fontWeight-bold">#fontWeight-bold</a><br/>
        D.1.39 <a href="#feature-frameRate">#frameRate</a><br/>
        D.1.40 <a href="#feature-frameRateMultiplier">#frameRateMultiplier</a><br/>
        D.1.41 <a href="#feature-layout">#layout</a><br/>
        D.1.42 <a href="#feature-length">#length</a><br/>
        D.1.43 <a href="#feature-length-cell">#length-cell</a><br/>
        D.1.44 <a href="#feature-length-em">#length-em</a><br/>
        D.1.45 <a href="#feature-length-integer">#length-integer</a><br/>
        D.1.46 <a href="#feature-length-negative">#length-negative</a><br/>
        D.1.47 <a href="#feature-length-percentage">#length-percentage</a><br/>
        D.1.48 <a href="#feature-length-pixel">#length-pixel</a><br/>
        D.1.49 <a href="#feature-length-positive">#length-positive</a><br/>
        D.1.50 <a href="#feature-length-real">#length-real</a><br/>
        D.1.51 <a href="#feature-lineBreak-uax14">#lineBreak-uax14</a><br/>
        D.1.52 <a href="#feature-lineHeight">#lineHeight</a><br/>
        D.1.53 <a href="#feature-markerMode">#markerMode</a><br/>
        D.1.54 <a href="#feature-markerMode-continuous">#markerMode-continuous</a><br/>
        D.1.55 <a href="#feature-markerMode-discontinuous">#markerMode-discontinuous</a><br/>
        D.1.56 <a href="#feature-metadata">#metadata</a><br/>
        D.1.57 <a href="#feature-nested-div">#nested-div</a><br/>
        D.1.58 <a href="#feature-nested-span">#nested-span</a><br/>
        D.1.59 <a href="#feature-opacity">#opacity</a><br/>
        D.1.60 <a href="#feature-origin">#origin</a><br/>
        D.1.61 <a href="#feature-overflow">#overflow</a><br/>
        D.1.62 <a href="#feature-overflow-visible">#overflow-visible</a><br/>
        D.1.63 <a href="#feature-padding">#padding</a><br/>
        D.1.64 <a href="#feature-padding-1">#padding-1</a><br/>
        D.1.65 <a href="#feature-padding-2">#padding-2</a><br/>
        D.1.66 <a href="#feature-padding-3">#padding-3</a><br/>
        D.1.67 <a href="#feature-padding-4">#padding-4</a><br/>
        D.1.68 <a href="#feature-pixelAspectRatio">#pixelAspectRatio</a><br/>
        D.1.69 <a href="#feature-presentation">#presentation</a><br/>
        D.1.70 <a href="#feature-profile">#profile</a><br/>
        D.1.71 <a href="#feature-showBackground">#showBackground</a><br/>
        D.1.72 <a href="#feature-structure">#structure</a><br/>
        D.1.73 <a href="#feature-styling">#styling</a><br/>
        D.1.74 <a href="#feature-styling-chained">#styling-chained</a><br/>
        D.1.75 <a href="#feature-styling-inheritance-content">#styling-inheritance-content</a><br/>
        D.1.76 <a href="#feature-styling-inheritance-region">#styling-inheritance-region</a><br/>
        D.1.77 <a href="#feature-styling-inline">#styling-inline</a><br/>
        D.1.78 <a href="#feature-styling-nested">#styling-nested</a><br/>
        D.1.79 <a href="#feature-styling-referential">#styling-referential</a><br/>
        D.1.80 <a href="#feature-subFrameRate">#subFrameRate</a><br/>
        D.1.81 <a href="#feature-textAlign">#textAlign</a><br/>
        D.1.82 <a href="#feature-textAlign-absolute">#textAlign-absolute</a><br/>
        D.1.83 <a href="#feature-textAlign-relative">#textAlign-relative</a><br/>
        D.1.84 <a href="#feature-textDecoration">#textDecoration</a><br/>
        D.1.85 <a href="#feature-textDecoration-over">#textDecoration-over</a><br/>
        D.1.86 <a href="#feature-textDecoration-through">#textDecoration-through</a><br/>
        D.1.87 <a href="#feature-textDecoration-under">#textDecoration-under</a><br/>
        D.1.88 <a href="#feature-textOutline">#textOutline</a><br/>
        D.1.89 <a href="#feature-textOutline-blurred">#textOutline-blurred</a><br/>
        D.1.90 <a href="#feature-textOutline-unblurred">#textOutline-unblurred</a><br/>
        D.1.91 <a href="#feature-tickRate">#tickRate</a><br/>
        D.1.92 <a href="#feature-timeBase-clock">#timeBase-clock</a><br/>
        D.1.93 <a href="#feature-timeBase-media">#timeBase-media</a><br/>
        D.1.94 <a href="#feature-timeBase-smpte">#timeBase-smpte</a><br/>
        D.1.95 <a href="#feature-timeContainer">#timeContainer</a><br/>
        D.1.96 <a href="#feature-time-clock">#time-clock</a><br/>
        D.1.97 <a href="#feature-time-clock-with-frames">#time-clock-with-frames</a><br/>
        D.1.98 <a href="#feature-time-offset">#time-offset</a><br/>
        D.1.99 <a href="#feature-time-offset-with-frames">#time-offset-with-frames</a><br/>
        D.1.100 <a href="#feature-time-offset-with-ticks">#time-offset-with-ticks</a><br/>
        D.1.101 <a href="#feature-timing">#timing</a><br/>
        D.1.102 <a href="#feature-transformation">#transformation</a><br/>
        D.1.103 <a href="#feature-unicodeBidi">#unicodeBidi</a><br/>
        D.1.104 <a href="#feature-visibility">#visibility</a><br/>
        D.1.105 <a href="#feature-visibility-block">#visibility-block</a><br/>
        D.1.106 <a href="#feature-visibility-inline">#visibility-inline</a><br/>
        D.1.107 <a href="#feature-visibility-region">#visibility-region</a><br/>
        D.1.108 <a href="#feature-wrapOption">#wrapOption</a><br/>
        D.1.109 <a href="#feature-writingMode">#writingMode</a><br/>
        D.1.110 <a href="#feature-writingMode-vertical">#writingMode-vertical</a><br/>
        D.1.111 <a href="#feature-writingMode-horizontal">#writingMode-horizontal</a><br/>
        D.1.112 <a href="#feature-writingMode-horizontal-lr">#writingMode-horizontal-lr</a><br/>
        D.1.113 <a href="#feature-writingMode-horizontal-rl">#writingMode-horizontal-rl</a><br/>
        D.1.114 <a href="#feature-zIndex">#zIndex</a><br/>
    D.2 <a href="#feature-support">Feature Support</a><br/>
E <a href="#extensions">Extensions</a><br/>
    E.1 <a href="#extension-designations">Extension Designations</a><br/>
F <a href="#profiles">Profiles</a><br/>
    F.1 <a href="#profile-dfxp-transformation">DFXP Transformation Profile</a><br/>
    F.2 <a href="#profile-dfxp-presentation">DFXP Presentation Profile</a><br/>
    F.3 <a href="#profile-dfxp-full">DFXP Full Profile</a><br/>
G <a href="#references">References</a><br/>
H <a href="#other-references">Other References</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
I <a href="#requirements">Requirements</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
J <a href="#derivation">Vocabulary Derivation</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
    J.1 <a href="#d3e17088">Element Derivation</a><br/>
    J.2 <a href="#d3e17567">Attribute Derivation</a><br/>
K <a href="#qa">QA Framework Compliance</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
    K.1 <a href="#d3e18435">Requirements</a><br/>
    K.2 <a href="#d3e18599">Guidelines</a><br/>
L <a href="#streaming">Streaming TTML Content</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
M <a href="#acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a> (Non-Normative)<br/>
</p></div><hr/><div class="body"><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="intro" id="intro"/>1 Introduction</h2><p><em>Unless specified otherwise, this section and its sub-sections are non-normative.</em></p><p>The Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0
provides a standardized representation of a particular subset of
textual information with which stylistic, layout, and timing semantics are associated by
an author or an authoring system for the purpose of interchange and potential presentation.</p><p>TTML is expressly designed to meet only a limited set of requirements
established by <a href="#ttaf1-req">[TTAF1-REQ]</a>, and summarized in <a href="#requirements"><b>I Requirements</b></a>. In particular, only those requirements which service the
need of performing interchange with existing, legacy distribution systems are
satisfied.</p><p>In addition to being used for interchange among legacy distribution content
formats, TTML content may be used directly as a distribution format, providing, for
example, a standard content format to reference from a <code>&lt;text&gt;</code> or 
<code>&lt;textstream&gt;</code> media object element in a <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a> document. Certain properties of TTML support
streamability of content, as described in <a href="#streaming"><b>L Streaming TTML Content</b></a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>While TTML was not expressly designed for direct (embedded) integration into a
SMIL document instance, such integration is not precluded.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In some contexts of use, it may be appropriate to employ
animated content to depict sign language representations of the same content
as expressed by a Timed Text document instance. This use case is not
explicitly addressed by TTML mechanisms, but may be addressed by some
external multimedia integration technology, such as SMIL.</p></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="model" id="model"/>1.1 System Model</h3><p>Use of TTML is intended to function in a wider context of Timed Text
Authoring and Distribution mechanisms that are based upon a system
model, depicted in <a href="#model-graphic"><b>Figure 1 – System Model</b></a>, wherein the Timed Text Markup Language
serves as a bidirectional interchange format among a heterogeneous collection of
authoring systems, and as a unidirectional interchange format to a
heterogeneous collection of distribution formats after undergoing transcoding
or compilation to the target distribution formats as required, and where one
particular distribution format is TTML.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="model-graphic" class="example-images"><caption>Figure 1 – System Model</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/model.png" alt="System Model"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="example" id="example"/>1.2 Document Example</h3><p>A TTML document instance consists of a <code>tt</code> document element that contains
a header and a body, where the header specifies document level metadata, styling
definitions and layout definitions, and the body specifies text content intermixed
with references to style and layout information and inline timing information.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-document-structure" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – TTML Document Structure</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;metadata/&gt;
    &lt;styling/&gt;
    &lt;layout/&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body/&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Document level metadata may specify a document title, description,
and copyright information. In addition, arbitrary metadata drawn from
other namespaces may be specified.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-metadata" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – TTML Metadata</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;metadata xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"&gt;
  &lt;ttm:title&gt;Timed Text TTML Example&lt;/ttm:title&gt;
  &lt;ttm:copyright&gt;The Authors (c) 2006&lt;/ttm:copyright&gt;
&lt;/metadata&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Styling information may be specified in the form of style specification
definitions that are referenced by layout and content information.</p><p>In <a href="#dfxp-example-styling"><b>Example Fragment – TTML Styling</b></a>, four style sets of specifications
are defined, with one set serving as a collection of default styles.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-styling" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – TTML Styling</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;styling xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;!-- s1 specifies default color, font, and text alignment --&gt;
  &lt;style xml:id="s1"
    tts:color="white"
    tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"
    tts:fontSize="22px"
    tts:textAlign="center"
  /&gt;
  &lt;!-- alternative using yellow text but otherwise the same as style s1 --&gt;
  &lt;style xml:id="s2" style="s1" tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
  &lt;!-- a style based on s1 but justified to the right --&gt;
  &lt;style xml:id="s1Right" style="s1" tts:textAlign="end" /&gt;     
  &lt;!-- a style based on s2 but justified to the left --&gt;
  &lt;style xml:id="s2Left" style="s2" tts:textAlign="start" /&gt;
&lt;/styling&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Layout information defines one or more regions into which content
is intended to be presented. A region definition may reference one or
more sets of style specifications in order to permit content flowed in the
region to inherit from these styles.
In <a href="#dfxp-example-layout"><b>Example Fragment – TTML Layout</b></a>, the region definition makes
reference to style specification <code>s1</code> which allows all content
flowed into the region to inherit from the region's styles (in the case
that a style is not already explicitly specified on content or inherited
via the content hierarchy.)</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-layout" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – TTML Layout</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;layout xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;region xml:id="subtitleArea"
    style="s1"
    tts:extent="560px 62px"
    tts:padding="5px 3px"
    tts:backgroundColor="black"
    tts:displayAlign="after"
  /&gt;
&lt;/layout&gt;  
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The content of a TTML document instance is expressed in its
body, which is organized in terms of block and inline text elements.
The hierarchical organization of content elements serves a primary role in
determining both spatial and temporal relationships. For example, in
<a href="#dfxp-example-body"><b>Example Fragment – TTML Body</b></a>, each paragraph (<code>p</code> element)
is flowed into its target region in the specified lexical order; furthermore,
the active time interval of each paragraph is timed in accordance to its
parent or sibling according to the applicable time containment semantics —
in this case, the division parent is interpreted as a parallel time
container.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-body" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – TTML Body</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;body region="subtitleArea"&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle1" begin="0.76s" end="3.45s"&gt;
      It seems a paradox, does it not,
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle2" begin="5.0s" end="10.0s"&gt;
      that the image formed on&lt;br/&gt;
      the Retina should be inverted?
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle3" begin="10.0s" end="16.0s" style="s2"&gt;
      It is puzzling, why is it&lt;br/&gt;
      we do not see things upside-down?
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle4" begin="17.2s" end="23.0s"&gt;
      You have never heard the Theory,&lt;br/&gt;
      then, that the Brain also is inverted?
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle5" begin="23.0s" end="27.0s" style="s2"&gt;
      No indeed! What a beautiful fact!
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle6a" begin="28.0s" end="34.6s" style="s2Left"&gt;
      But how is it proved?
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle6b" begin="28.0s" end="34.6s" style="s1Right"&gt;
      Thus: what we call
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle7" begin="34.6s" end="45.0s" style="s1Right"&gt;
      the vertex of the Brain&lt;br/&gt;
      is really its base
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle8" begin="45.0s" end="52.0s" style="s1Right"&gt;
      and what we call its base&lt;br/&gt;
      is really its vertex,
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle9a" begin="53.5s" end="58.7s"&gt;
      it is simply a question of nomenclature.
    &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p xml:id="subtitle9b" begin="53.5s" end="58.7s" style="s2"&gt;
      How truly delightful!
    &lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;    
&lt;/body&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The first subtitle <a href="#dfxp-example-subtitle-1"><b>Subtitle 1 – Time Interval [0.76, 3.45)</b></a> is
presented during the time interval 0.76 to 3.45 seconds.
This
subtitle inherits its font family, font size,
foreground color, and text alignment from the region into which it is
presented. Since no region is explicitly specified on the paragraph,
the nearest ancestor that specifies a region determines the
region. Note also that content is presented
at the bottom (after edge) of the containing region due to the <code>tts:displayAlign="after"</code>
being specified on the region definition.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The notation "[<em>X</em>,<em>Y</em>]" denotes a closed
interval from <em>X</em> to <em>Y</em>, including
<em>X</em> and <em>Y</em>;
"[<em>X</em>,<em>Y</em>)" denotes a right half-open
interval from <em>X</em> to <em>Y</em>, including
<em>X</em> but not including <em>Y</em>;
"(<em>X</em>,<em>Y</em>]" denotes a left half-open
interval from <em>X</em> to <em>Y</em>, not including
<em>X</em> but including <em>Y</em>;
"(<em>X</em>,<em>Y</em>)" denotes an open
interval from <em>X</em> to <em>Y</em>, not including
<em>X</em> or <em>Y</em>.
</p></div><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-1" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitle 1 – Time Interval [0.76, 3.45)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle1.png" alt="Subtitle 1"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The second subtitle continues with the default style, except that it contains
two lines of text with an intervening author-specified line break. Note the effects of
the use of <code>tts:textAlign="center"</code> to specify the paragraph's alignment
in the inline progression direction.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-2" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitle 2 – Time Interval [5.0, 10.0)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle2.png" alt="Subtitle 2"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The third subtitle continues, using a variant style which overrides the default style's
foreground color with a different color.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-3" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitle 3 – Time Interval [10.0, 16.0)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle3.png" alt="Subtitle 3"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The fourth subtitle reverts to the default style.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-4" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitle 4 – Time Interval [17.2, 23.0)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle4.png" alt="Subtitle 4"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The fifth subtitle continues, again using a variant style which
overrides the default style's foreground color with a different color.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-5" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitle 5 – Time Interval [23.0, 27.0)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle5.png" alt="Subtitle 5"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>During the next active time interval, two distinct subtitles are simultaneously active, with
the paragraph expressing each subtitle using a different style that overrides color and paragraph
text alignment of the default style. Note that the flow order is determined by the lexical
order of elements as they appear in the content hierarchy.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-6" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitles 6a and 6b – Time Interval [28.0, 34.6)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle6.png" alt="Subtitles 6a and 6b"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The next subtitle is specified in a similar manner using
a style override to give a paragraph right (end) justified in the
inline progression direction.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-7" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitle 7 – Time Interval [34.6, 45.0)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle7.png" alt="Subtitles 7a and 7b"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The eighth subtitle uses the same style override as the previous
subtitle in order to maintain the right (end) justification of the
paragraph.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-8" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitle 8 – Time Interval [47.3, 49.0)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle8.png" alt="Subtitle 8"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>During the final (ninth) active time interval, two distinct
subtitles are again simultaneously active, but with a different
style applied to the second paragraph to override the default color.
Note that the flow order is determined by the lexical order of
elements as they appear in the content hierarchy.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-subtitle-9" class="example-images"><caption>Subtitles 9a and 9b – Time Interval [53.5, 58.7)</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/subtitle9.png" alt="Subtitles 9a and 9b"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The examples shown above demonstrate the primary types of information that may
be authored using TTML: metadata, styling, layout, timing, and content. In typical cases,
styling and layout information are separately specified in a document instance. Content information
is expressed in a hierarchical fashion that embodies the organization of both spatial (flow) and
timing information. Content makes direct or indirect references to styling and layout information
and may specify inline overrides to styling.</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions"/>2 Definitions</h2><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="acronyms" id="acronyms"/>2.1 Acronyms</h3><table class="acronyms" summary="Glossary List"><tr><td class="label"><b>DFXP</b></td><td class="def"><p>Distribution Format Exchange Profile</p></td></tr><tr><td class="label"><b>TT</b></td><td class="def"><p>Timed Text</p></td></tr><tr><td class="label"><b>TTML</b></td><td class="def"><p>Timed Text Markup Language</p></td></tr><tr><td class="label"><b>TT AS</b></td><td class="def"><p>Timed Text Authoring System</p></td></tr><tr><td class="label"><b>TT AF</b></td><td class="def"><p>Timed Text Authoring Format</p></td></tr><tr><td class="label"><b>TT WG</b></td><td class="def"><p>Timed Text Working Group</p></td></tr></table></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="terms" id="terms"/>2.2 Terminology</h3><dl><dt class="label">Abstract Document Instance</dt><dd><p>An instance of an abstract data set as represented by a
<em>Reduced XML Infoset</em>.</p></dd><dt class="label">Abstract Document Type</dt><dd><p>A set of constraints that defines a class of <em>XML Information
Set</em>s <a href="#infoset">[XML InfoSet]</a>.</p></dd><dt class="label">Attribute Information Item</dt><dd><p>Each specified or defaulted attribute  of an XML document corresponds with an attribute information
item as defined by <a href="#infoset">[XML InfoSet]</a>, §2.3.</p></dd><dt class="label">Character Information Item</dt><dd><p>Each data character appearing in an XML document corresponds with a character information
item as defined by <a href="#infoset">[XML InfoSet]</a>, §2.6.</p></dd><dt class="label">Content Processor</dt><dd><p>A processing system capable of importing (receiving) Timed Text Markup Language
content for the purpose of transforming, presenting, or otherwise processing the content.</p></dd><dt class="label">Content Profile</dt><dd><p>A collection of features and extensions that are (or may be) employed by
Timed Text Markup Language content.</p></dd><dt class="label">Content Region</dt><dd><p>A logical region into which rendered content is placed when modeling or
performing presentation processing.</p></dd><dt class="label">Element Information Item</dt><dd><p>Each element appearing in an XML document corresponds with an element information
item as defined by <a href="#infoset">[XML InfoSet]</a>, §2.2.</p></dd><dt class="label">Exchange Profile</dt><dd><p>A content profile that serves a set of needs
for content interchange.</p></dd><dt class="label">Extension</dt><dd><p>A syntactic or semantic expression or capability that is defined and
labeled (using a extension designation) in another (public or private)
specification.</p></dd><dt class="label">Feature</dt><dd><p>A syntactic or semantic expression or capability that is defined and
labeled (using a feature designation) in this specification (or a
future revision of this specification).</p></dd><dt class="label">Processor</dt><dd><p>See <em>Content Processor</em>.</p></dd><dt class="label">Processor Profile</dt><dd><p>A collection of features and extensions that must or may be implemented (supported) by
a content processor.</p></dd><dt class="label">Profile Definition Document</dt><dd><p>A document that defines a specific collection of features and extensions
for which support is required or optional in a recipient content
processor.</p></dd><dt class="label">Region</dt><dd><p>A logical construct that models authorial intention regarding
desired or potential presentation processing, and which is represented as
a rectangular area of a presentation surface into which content
is composed and rendered during presentation processing.</p></dd><dt class="label">Reduced XML Infoset</dt><dd><p>An XML Information Set <a href="#infoset">[XML InfoSet]</a> that satisfieds the
constraints specify by <a href="#reduced-infoset"><b>A Reduced XML Infoset</b></a>.</p></dd><dt class="label">Root Container Region</dt><dd><p>A logical region that establishes a coordinate system into which
content regions are placed and optionally clipped.</p></dd><dt class="label">Timed Text</dt><dd><p>Textual information that is intrinsically or extrinsically
associated with timing information.</p></dd><dt class="label">Timed Text Markup Language</dt><dd><p>A content type that represents timed text media for the purpose of
interchange among authoring systems.</p></dd><dt class="label">Timed Text Authoring System</dt><dd><p>A content authoring system capable of importing and exporting
Timed Text Markup Language content.</p></dd></dl></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="conventions" id="conventions"/>2.3 Documentation Conventions</h3><p>Within normative prose in this specification, the words
<em>may</em>, <em>should</em>, and <em>must</em> are
defined as follows:</p><dl class="conformance-keywords"><dt class="label">may</dt><dd><p>Conforming documents and/or TTML processors are permitted to,
but need not behave as described. </p></dd><dt class="label">should</dt><dd><p>Conforming documents and/or TTML processors are strongly
recommended to, but need not behave as described.</p></dd><dt class="label">must</dt><dd><p>Conforming documents and/or TTML processors are required
to behave as described; otherwise, they are in error. </p></dd></dl><p>All normative syntactic definitions of XML representations and
other related terms are depicted with a light orange background color
and labeled as "XML Representation" or "Syntax Representation", such
as in the following:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-example" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: example</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;example
  <span class="reqattr">count</span> = integer
  size = (<em>large</em>|<em>medium</em>|<em>small</em>) : medium&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> (all | any*)
&lt;/example&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In an XML representation, bold-face attribute names (e.g. <span class="strong">count</span> above) indicate a required attribute
information item, and the rest are optional. Where an attribute
information item has an enumerated type definition, the values are
shown separated by vertical bars, as for <code>size</code> above; if
there is a default value, it is shown following a colon. Where an
attribute information item has a built-in simple type definition
defined in <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>, a hyperlink to its definition
therein is given.</p><p>The allowed content of the information item is shown as a grammar
fragment, using the Kleene operators <code>?</code>, <code>*</code>
and <code>+</code>. Each element name therein is a hyperlink to its
own illustration.</p><p>All content of this specification that is not explicitly marked as
non-normative is considered to be normative. If a section or appendix
header contains the expression "Non-Normative", then the entirety
of the section or appendix is considered non-normative.</p><p>All paragraphs marked as a <span class="strong">Note</span> are considered non-normative.</p><p>Example code fragments are depicted with a light blue-green
background color and labeled as "Example Fragment", such as in
the following:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="example-fragment-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Sample</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;metadata/&gt;
    &lt;styling/&gt;
    &lt;layout/&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body/&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="conformance" id="conformance"/>3 Conformance</h2><p>This section specifies the general conformance requirements for
TTML content and processors.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="conformance-content" id="conformance-content"/>3.1 Content Conformance</h3><p>A TTML document instance conforms to this specification if the following criteria are
satisfied:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>When transporting a document instance in a context in which a MIME
Media Type <a href="#mime-media">[MIME]</a> identifies the content type of the interchanged document
instance, then the specified media type is
<code>application/ttml+xml</code> in conformance with <a href="#rfc3023">[XML Media Types]</a> § 7, with which an optional
<code>profile</code> parameter may appear, the value of which
conforms to
a profile designator as
defined by
<a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><b>5.2 Profiles</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>The document instance is or can be represented as a Reduced XML
Infoset as defined by <a href="#reduced-infoset"><b>A Reduced XML Infoset</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>The Reduced XML
Infoset that corresponds to the document instance is or can
be associated with one of the TTML Abstract
Document Types defined by
<a href="#doctypes"><b>4 Document Types</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>The Reduced XML Infoset that corresponds to the document instance is a
Valid Abstract Document Instance of the associated
Abstract Document Type.</p></li><li><p>The Reduced XML Infoset satisfies all additional mandatory syntactic and
semantic constraints defined by this specification. In addition, this Infoset
should satisfy the web content accessibility guidelines specified by
<a href="#wcag">[WCAG]</a>.</p></li></ol></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="conformance-processor" id="conformance-processor"/>3.2 Processor Conformance</h3><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="conformance-generic-processor" id="conformance-generic-processor"/>3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance</h4><p>A TTML processor conforms to this specification if the following
generic processor criteria are
satisfied:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>The processor provides at least one mechanism for notionally
instantiating a Reduced XML
Infoset representation of a conformant TTML document
instance.</p></li><li><p>If a process does or can perform validation of a candidate TTML
document instance, then it provides at least one mechanism to
implicitly or explicitly associate the
Reduced XML Infoset representation
of a conformant TTML document instance with one of the
TTML Abstract Document Types defined by
<a href="#doctypes"><b>4 Document Types</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>The processor does not <em>a priori</em> reject or abort the
processing of a conformant TTML document instance
unless the processor does not support some required
(mandatory) feature specified or implied by a TTML content profile
declared to apply to the document instance.</p></li><li><p>The processor supports all mandatory processing semantics defined by this specification.</p></li><li><p>If the processor supports some optional processing semantics defined by this specification,
then it does so in a manner consistent with the defined semantics.</p></li></ol></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="conformance-transformation-processor" id="conformance-transformation-processor"/>3.2.2 Transformation Processor Conformance</h4><p>A TTML processor is a conformant TTML transformation processor if
the following criteria are satisfied:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>The processor satisfies all requirements specified by
<a href="#conformance-generic-processor"><b>3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>The processor supports the DFXP Transformation profile as specified
by <a href="#profile-dfxp-transformation"><b>F.1 DFXP Transformation Profile</b></a>.</p></li></ol></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="conformance-presentation-processor" id="conformance-presentation-processor"/>3.2.3 Presentation Processor Conformance</h4><ol class="enumar"><li><p>The processor satisfies all requirements specified by
<a href="#conformance-generic-processor"><b>3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>The processor supports the DFXP Presentation profile as specified
by <a href="#profile-dfxp-presentation"><b>F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile</b></a>.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="claims" id="claims"/>3.3 Claims</h3><p>Any claim of compliance with respect to TTML content or processor
conformance must make
reference to an implementation compliance statement (ICS).</p><p>An implementation compliance statement must identify all mandatory
and optional features of this specification that are satisfied by the
content or processor implementation. In particular, the statement must
identify the utilized or supported TTML vocabulary profile(s) as
defined by <a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><b>5.2 Profiles</b></a>, and, if a subset or
superset profile is used or supported, then what features are excluded
or included in the subset or superset profile.</p><p>A TTML document instance for which a compliance claim is made
must specify
either (1)
a <code>ttp:profile</code> attribute on its root
<code>tt</code>
element
as defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><b>6.2.8 ttp:profile</b></a>
or (2)
a <code>ttp:profile</code> element as a child of the
<code>head</code> element as defined by
<a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile"><b>6.1.1 ttp:profile</b></a>.</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="doctypes" id="doctypes"/>4 Document Types</h2><p>This section defines the following TTML Abstract Document Types:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#dfxp-content-doctype"><b>4.1 DFXP Content</b></a></p></li></ul><p>Each abstract document type consists of the following constraints:</p><ul><li><p>a non-empty collection of element types, where each element type consists of a name,
a (possibly empty) collection of attributes, and a content specification</p></li><li><p>a non-empty collection of element types that may appear as the document element</p></li></ul><p>An Abstract Document Instance may be assessed in terms of validity,
and is considered to be a Valid Abstract Document Instance if it
satisfies the following condition: if after</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>pruning all element information
items whose names are not members of the collection of element types defined
by the associated abstract document type, then</p></li><li><p>pruning character
information item children from any remaining element in case that all
character children of the element denote XML whitespace characters and the element's type
is defined as empty in the associated Abstract Document Type, and then</p></li><li><p>pruning all attribute
information items having expanded names such that the namespace URI of the
expanded names are not listed in <a href="#namespace-vocab-table"><b>Table 1 – Namespaces</b></a>,</p></li></ol><p>then the document element is one of the document
element types permitted by the associated abstract document type,
the descendants of the document
element satisfy their respective element type's content
specifications, all required attributes are present, and the declared
value of each attribute satisfies the type declared by the
associated abstract document type.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>While a conformant processor may not <em>a priori</em> reject a
conformant document instance that adheres to a
supported content profile, a given document instance may be
constrained by the author or authoring tool to satisfy a more
restrictive definition of validity.</p></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="dfxp-content-doctype" id="dfxp-content-doctype"/>4.1 DFXP Content</h3><p>DFXP Content is an abstract document type of a profile of the Timed Text Markup Language intended
to be used for interchange among distribution systems. This document type
is defined in terms of the
element and attribute vocabulary
specified in <a href="#vocabulary"><b>5 Vocabulary</b></a>.</p><p>This specification defines two types of normative schemas that may be used to validate a subset of
conformant DFXP Content document instances:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#dfxp-schema-rnc"><b>B.1 Relax NG Schema</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#dfxp-schema-xsd"><b>B.2 XML Schema Definition (XSD) Schema</b></a></p></li></ul><p>The (root) document element of a DFXP Content document instance must be a
<code>tt</code> element, as defined by <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><b>7.1.1 tt</b></a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The schemas included in this specification do not validate all syntactic constraints
defined by this specification. In particular, performing validation with one of the above
referenced schemas may result in a <em>false positive</em> indication of validity.
However, with one exception, their
use will not produce a <em>false negative</em> indication of validity
when used with a compliant validating
processor.</p><p>In exception to the above statement about false negatives,
if the Relax NG schema included in this specification is used to validate a
TTML Document containing elements in a foreign namespace and the <code>xml:id</code>
attribute is used with any of those (foreign) elements,
then an error will be reported even though such usage is permitted by this
specification. In this case, the false negative arises due
to a specific limitation in expressing wildcard patterns involving <code>xsd:ID</code>
typed attributes in Relax NG schemas.
Note that this specification defines the formal validity of a TTML Document to be
based on an abstract document instance from which all foreign namespace elements and
attributes have been removed. Therefore, the exceptional reporting of this false
negative does not impact the formal assessment of TTML Document validity.</p></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="vocabulary" id="vocabulary"/>5 Vocabulary</h2><p>This section defines the
namespaces, profiles, and vocabulary (as an element an attribute
catalog) of the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) as follows:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#vocabulary-namespaces"><b>5.1 Namespaces</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><b>5.2 Profiles</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#vocabulary-overview"><b>5.3 Catalog</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="vocabulary-namespaces" id="vocabulary-namespaces"/>5.1 Namespaces</h3><p>The Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) employs a number of
namespaces for elements and certain
global attributes. The following table specifies this set of namespaces
and indicates the default prefix used within this specification and the
normative URI that denotes each namespace.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In a specific document instance, it is not required that the default
prefixes shown below are used. Any prefix or namespace binding that satisfies the constraints
of XML Namespaces may be used that is associated with the specified namespace URI.</p></div><table summary="HTML Table" id="namespace-vocab-table" class="common"><caption>Table 1 – Namespaces</caption><col width="30%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Prefix</th><th>Value</th></tr><tr><td>TT</td><td><code>tt:</code></td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml</code></td></tr><tr><td>TT Parameter</td><td><code>ttp:</code></td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter</code></td></tr><tr><td>TT Style</td><td><code>tts:</code></td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling</code></td></tr><tr><td>TT Metadata</td><td><code>ttm:</code></td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata</code></td></tr><tr><td>TT Profile</td><td><em>none</em></td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/</code></td></tr><tr><td>TT Feature</td><td><em>none</em></td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/</code></td></tr><tr><td>TT Extension</td><td><em>none</em></td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/</code></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>If a reference to an element type is used in this specification and the name
of the element type is not namespace qualified, then the TT Namespace applies.</p><p>For certain namespaces defined above, the default prefix
is specified as <em>none</em> if no XML vocabulary is defined in
the namespace by this specification (nor expected to be defined in a
future version of this specification). In such cases, the use of the
namespace URI is for purposes other than defining XML vocabulary,
e.g., for designating profiles, features, extensions and for
dereferencing standard profile definitions.</p></div><p>All TTML Namespaces are <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/namespaceState#namespacedef"><em>mutable</em></a>
<a href="#nsstate">[NSState]</a>; all undefined names in these namespaces are reserved for future
standardization by the W3C.</p></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="vocabulary-profiles" id="vocabulary-profiles"/>5.2 Profiles</h3><p>The Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) employs a number of
standard, predefined profiles of its
vocabulary and associated semantics.
The following table specifies this set of
profiles, indicating
a normative name
and designator for each
predefined profile,
and where each of these profiles is formally elaborated in
<a href="#profiles"><b>F Profiles</b></a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="profile-vocab-table" class="common"><caption>Table 2 – Profiles</caption><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Designator</th></tr><tr><td>DFXP Transformation</td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-transformation</code></td></tr><tr><td>DFXP Presentation</td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-presentation</code></td></tr><tr><td>DFXP Full</td><td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-full</code></td></tr></tbody></table><p/><p>A profile designator must adhere to the
<code>xsd:anyURI</code> data type defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>,
§3.2.17. If the profile designator is expressed as a relative URI,
then it must be absolutized by using the TT Profile Namespace value as
the base URI.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>For example, if a profile designator is expressed as
<code>dfxp-presentation</code>, then the absolutized profile designator
would be
<code>http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-presentation</code>.</p></div><p>A profile designator is not restricted to the set of designators enumerated
in <a href="#profile-vocab-table"><b>Table 2 – Profiles</b></a>, but may be any URI that
feasibly dereferences a TTML Profile Definition Document.</p><p>The profile of TTML that must be supported by a
TTML content processor in order to process a document
instance is specified either (1) by specifying a
<code>ttp:profile</code> attribute on the root <code>tt</code> element, as
defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><b>6.2.8 ttp:profile</b></a>, or (2) by
including one or more <code>ttp:profile</code>
elements in the <code>head</code> element, in
accordance with <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile"><b>6.1.1 ttp:profile</b></a>.</p><p>If a <code>ttp:profile</code> element appears as a
descendant of the <code>tt</code> element, then the <a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><code>ttp:profile</code></a>
attribute should not be specified on the <code>tt</code> element. If both
a <code>ttp:profile</code> element and a <code>ttp:profile</code>
attribute are present (in a given document instance), then the
<code>ttp:profile</code> attribute must be ignored for the purpose of
determining the declared profile requirements.</p><p>If more than one <code>ttp:profile</code> element appears in
a TTML document instance, then all specified profiles apply
simultaneously.  In such a case, if some feature or some extension is
specified by one profile to be used (mandatory and enabled) and by
another profile to be required (mandatory) or optional (voluntary),
then that feature or extension must be considered to be used
(mandatory and enabled); if some feature or some extension is
specified by one profile to be merely required (mandatory) and by
another profile to be optional (voluntary), then that feature or
extension must be considered to be required (mandatory).</p><p>If neither
<a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><code>ttp:profile</code></a>
attribute nor
<a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile"><code>ttp:profile</code></a>
element is present in a TTML document instance, and if the document
interchange context does not specify a profile,
then the DFXP Transformation
profile applies.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>It is intended that the <code>ttp:profile</code> attribute be used when
the author wishes to reference one of the standard, predefined profiles of
TTML content, and does not wish to modify (by supersetting or subsetting)
that profile. This attribute may also be used by an author to indicate the use
of a non-standard profile, in which case the specified profile designator expresses
a URI that denotes an externally defined TTML Profile Definition Document.
However, it is not required that a conformant TTML content processor be able
to dereference such an externally specified profile definition.</p><p>In contrast, it is intended that the <code>ttp:profile</code> element be
used when the author wishes to make use of a modified predefined profile or
wishes to include in the document instance a non-standard profile definition
not based upon one of the predefined profiles.</p><p>A predefined profile is supersetted by specifying some feature or extension to
be required (mandatory) that was either not specified in the underlying, baseline
profile or was specified as optional (voluntary) in the baseline profile.
A predefined profile is subsetted by specifying some feature or extension to
be optional (voluntary) that was specified as required in the underlying, baseline
profile.</p><p>When a baseline profile is modified by subsetting, the resulting, derived profile
is referred to as a <em>subtractive</em> profile; when modified by supersetting, the result
is referred to as an <em>additive</em> profile.
It is also possible to define a derived profile that is simultaneously subtractive
and additive.</p></div><p>If a TTML document instance makes use of a feature defined by
<a href="#feature-designations"><b>D.1 Feature Designations</b></a> and if the intended use of the
document requires the recognition and processing of that feature, then
the document must include a <em>required feature</em> or
a <em>used feature</em>
specification in one of its declared or
referenced profiles.  If a TTML document instance makes use
of an extension designatable by <a href="#extension-designations"><b>E.1 Extension Designations</b></a> and if the intended use of the document
requires the recognition and processing of that extension, then the
document must include a <em>required extension</em> or
a <em>used extension</em> specification
in one of its declared or referenced
profiles.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>A required or used feature
specification is expressed directly (or indirectly by referring to a
profile) by means of a <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-feature"><code>ttp:feature</code></a>
element where the value of its <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>required</code> or <code>use</code>,
respectively.  A required or used
extension specification is expressed directly (or indirectly by
referring to a profile) by means of a <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extension"><code>ttp:extension</code></a>
element where the value of its <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>required</code> or <code>use</code>,
respectively.</p></div><p>An example of an author defined
additive, derived profile of the DFXP Presentation
profile is shown
below in <a href="#dfxp-example-sub-profile"><b>Example Fragment – DFXP Additive Profile</b></a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="dfxp-example-sub-profile" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – DFXP Additive Profile</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"&gt;
 &lt;head&gt;
   &lt;profile use="dfxp-presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"&gt;
     &lt;features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/"&gt;
       &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontStyle-italic&lt;/feature&gt;
     &lt;/features&gt;
   &lt;/profile&gt;
 &lt;/head&gt;
 &lt;body/&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the baseline profile is declared to be
the DFXP Presentation profile, which is then additively modified by making the
<code>#fontStyle-italic</code> feature required (rather than
optional as it is defined
in <a href="#profile-dfxp-presentation"><b>F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile</b></a>). Note also the resetting of the
default XMLNS binding on the <code>profile</code> element to the TT Parameter Namespace.</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="vocabulary-overview" id="vocabulary-overview"/>5.3 Catalog</h3><p>The vocabulary of the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) is
defined in the following major catalogs (divisions of vocabulary):</p><ul><li><p><a href="#core-vocabulary-overview"><b>5.3.1 Core Catalog</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#extension-vocabulary-overview"><b>5.3.2 Extension Catalog</b></a></p></li></ul><p>The core catalog defines the baseline, core vocabulary of TTML,
and, in particular, the vocabulary of DFXP Content. The extension catalog
serves as a placeholder for extensions to the core vocabulary defined
by TTML.</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="core-vocabulary-overview" id="core-vocabulary-overview"/>5.3.1 Core Catalog</h4><p>The core vocabulary catalog is intended to satisfy the needs of
TTML while providing a baseline vocabulary for future profiles. This vocabulary
is divided into distinct categories, specified in detail
in the following sections:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#parameters"><b>6 Parameters</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content"><b>7 Content</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#styling"><b>8 Styling</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#layout"><b>9 Layout</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#timing"><b>10 Timing</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#animation"><b>11 Animation</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata"><b>12 Metadata</b></a></p></li></ul><p>The core element vocabulary specified for use with a TTML document
instance is enumerated in
<a href="#element-vocab-table"><b>Table 3 – Element Vocabulary</b></a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="element-vocab-table" class="common"><caption>Table 3 – Element Vocabulary</caption><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><th>Module</th><th>Elements</th></tr><tr><td>
Animation
</td><td>
<a href="#animation-vocabulary-set">set</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Content
</td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body">body</a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div">div</a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p">p</a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span">span</a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-br">br</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Document
</td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt">tt</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Head
</td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head">head</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Layout
</td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-layout">layout</a>,
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region">region</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Metadata
</td><td>
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata">metadata</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Metadata Items
</td><td>
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-actor">ttm:actor</a>,
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-agent">ttm:agent</a>,
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-copyright">ttm:copyright</a>,
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-desc">ttm:desc</a>,
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-name">ttm:name</a>,
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title">ttm:title</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>Parameter Items</td><td><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile">ttp:profile</a>,
<a href="#parameter-vocabulary-features">ttp:features</a>,
<a href="#parameter-vocabulary-feature">ttp:feature</a>,
<a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extensions">ttp:extensions</a>,
<a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extension">ttp:extension</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Styling
</td><td>
<a href="#styling-vocabulary-styling">styling</a>,
<a href="#styling-vocabulary-style">style</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><p>Element vocabulary groups that are used in defining content models
for TTML element types are enumerated in <a href="#element-vocab-group-table"><b>Table 4 – Element Vocabulary Groups</b></a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="element-vocab-group-table" class="common"><caption>Table 4 – Element Vocabulary Groups</caption><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><th>Group</th><th>Elements</th></tr><tr><td>
Animation.class
</td><td>
<a href="#animation-vocabulary-set">set</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Block.class
</td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div">div</a> |
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p">p</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Inline.class
</td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span">span</a> |
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span">br</a> |
<code>#PCDATA</code>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Metadata.class
</td><td>
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata">metadata</a> |
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-copyright">ttm:agent</a> |
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-copyright">ttm:copyright</a> |
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-desc">ttm:desc</a> |
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title">ttm:title</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>Parameters.class</td><td><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile">ttp:profile</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p/><p>The attribute vocabulary specified for use with the core vocabulary
catalog is enumerated in
<a href="#attribute-vocab-table"><b>Table 5 – Attribute Vocabulary</b></a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="attribute-vocab-table" class="common"><caption>Table 5 – Attribute Vocabulary</caption><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><th>Module</th><th>Attributes</th></tr><tr><td>
Core Attributes
</td><td>
<a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a>,
<a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a>,
<a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Layout
</td><td>
<a href="#layout-attribute-region">region</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Metadata Attributes
</td><td>
<a href="#metadata-attribute-agent">ttm:agent</a>,
<a href="#metadata-attribute-role">ttm:role</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Parameter Attributes
</td><td>
<a href="#parameter-attribute-cellResolution">ttp:cellResolution</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode">ttp:clockMode</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode">ttp:dropMode</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate">ttp:frameRate</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier">ttp:frameRateMultipler</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode">ttp:markerMode</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio">ttp:pixelAspectRatio</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-profile">ttp:profile</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate">ttp:subFrameRate</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-tickRate">ttp:tickRate</a>,
<a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase">ttp:timeBase</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Styling
</td><td>
<a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Styling Attributes
</td><td>
<a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor">tts:backgroundColor</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-color">tts:color</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-direction">tts:direction</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-display">tts:display</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-displayAlign">tts:displayAlign</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-extent">tts:extent</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily">tts:fontFamily</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-fontSize">tts:fontSize</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle">tts:fontStyle</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight">tts:fontWeight</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-lineHeight">tts:lineHeight</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-opacity">tts:opacity</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-origin">tts:origin</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-overflow">tts:overflow</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-padding">tts:padding</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-showBackground">tts:showBackground</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-textAlign">tts:textAlign</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration">tts:textDecoration</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-textOutline">tts:textOutline</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-unicodeBidi">tts:unicodeBidi</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-visibility">tts:visibility</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-wrapOption">tts:wrapOption</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-writingMode">tts:writingMode</a>,
<a href="#style-attribute-zIndex">tts:zIndex</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
Timing Attributes
</td><td>
<a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a>,
<a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a>,
<a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a>,
<a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer">timeContainer</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Only those attributes defined as either (1) global, i.e., namespace qualified, or
(2) shared element-specific, i.e., not namespace qualified but shared across multiple
element types, are listed in <a href="#attribute-vocab-table"><b>Table 5 – Attribute Vocabulary</b></a> above.
</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>All vocabulary defined by TTML consistently makes use of
the so-called <em>lowerCamelCase</em> naming convention. In some cases, this results in the
change of a name when the name was based upon another specification
that used a different naming convention.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="extension-vocabulary-overview" id="extension-vocabulary-overview"/>5.3.2 Extension Catalog</h4><p>The extension vocabulary catalog is intended for use by future
profiles of TTML, and is not further defined
by this version of this specification.</p><p>In addition to standardized extension vocabulary, a conforming TTML
document instance may contain arbitrary namespace qualified
elements that reside in any namespace other than those namespaces
defined for use with this specification. Furthermore, a conforming TTML
document instance may contain arbitrary namespace qualified
attributes on TTML defined vocabulary where such attributes reside in
any namespace other than those defined for use with this
specification.</p></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="parameters" id="parameters"/>6 Parameters</h2><p>This section specifies the <em>parameters</em> matter of the
core vocabulary catalog, where
parameters are to be understood as information that is either (1)
essential or (2) of significant importance for the purpose of
interpreting the semantics of other types of information expressed by
core vocabulary items or for establishing a processing context by means
of which TTML content can be related to an external environment.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="parameter-element-vocabulary" id="parameter-element-vocabulary"/>6.1 Parameter Element Vocabulary</h3><p>The following elements, all defined in the TT Parameter
Namespace, specify parametric information that applies to a document
or a content processor:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile"><b>6.1.1 ttp:profile</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-features"><b>6.1.2 ttp:features</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-feature"><b>6.1.3 ttp:feature</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extensions"><b>6.1.4 ttp:extensions</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extension"><b>6.1.5 ttp:extension</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-vocabulary-profile" id="parameter-vocabulary-profile"/>6.1.1 ttp:profile</h4><p>The <code>ttp:profile</code> element is used to specify a collection of
used (mandatory and enabled), required (mandatory),
and optional (voluntary) features and extensions that must or
may be supported by a TTML content processor in order to process a TTML
document that makes use (or may make use) of such features and
extensions.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The difference between a <em>feature</em> and an
<em>extension</em> is where it is defined and how it is labeled:
if defined in this specification (or a future revision thereof) and
labeled with a feature designation in <a href="#features"><b>D Features</b></a>, then
it is considered to be a feature; if defined in another specification
and labeled there with an extension designation, then it is considered
to be an extension. In general, features are expected to be defined by
the W3C standards process, while extensions are expected to be defined by
third parties.</p></div><p>This specification defines two distinct uses of the <code>ttp:profile</code> element:</p><ul><li><p>as a child of the <code>head</code> element within a TTML document
instance;</p></li><li><p>as the root element of a TTML Profile Definition document
instance;</p></li></ul><p>When a <code>tt:profile</code> element appears within a TTML document
instance, its purpose is to express authorial intentions about which
features and extensions must or may be supported by a recipient
content processor. In addition, the element indirectly expresses
information about the set of features or extensions that are (or may
expected to be) used by the document instance.</p><p>When a <code>tt:profile</code> element is used by a TTML
Profile Definition document instance, it serves to publish a machine
readable specification of a specific TTML content profile, of which
this specification defines four such Profile Definition Documents in
<a href="#profiles"><b>F Profiles</b></a>.</p><p>The <code>ttp:profile</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group, followed by
zero or more <code>ttp:features</code> elements, followed by
zero or more <code>ttp:extensions</code> elements.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-parameter-profile" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:profile</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:profile
  use = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-features">ttp:features</a>*, <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extensions">ttp:extensions</a>*
&lt;/ttp:profile&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If specified, the <code>use</code> attribute must adhere to the
<code>xsd:anyURI</code> data type defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>,
§3.2.17, and, furthermore, must denote a profile designator in
accordance with <a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><b>5.2 Profiles</b></a>. In this case,
the profile designator must refer to (1) a standard, predefined
TTML Profile Definition Document as defined by <a href="#profiles"><b>F Profiles</b></a>,
or (2) a dereferenceable resource representing a valid TTML Profile Definition
document instance. In either case, the referenced profile serves as the
baseline profile of the specifying <code>ttp:profile</code> element.</p><p>If the <code>use</code> attribute is not specified, then the baseline
profile of the <code>ttp:profile</code> element must be considered to be
the empty (null) profile, i.e., a profile definition containing no
feature or extension specifications.</p><p>The collection of features and extensions of a profile are determined according
to the following ordered rules:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>initialize the features and extensions of the profile to the empty
set;</p></li><li><p>if a <code>use</code> attribute is present, then augment the profile
with the set of features and extensions specified by the referenced
baseline profile;</p></li><li><p>for each <code>ttp:feature</code> and <code>ttp:extension</code> element
descendant of the <code>ttp:profile</code> element, using a post-order
traversal, merge the specified feature or extension with the features
and extensions of the profile, where merging a feature or extension
entails replacing an existing feature or extension specification, if
it already exists, or adding a new feature or extension specification,
if it does not yet exist in the profile;</p></li></ol><p>A conformant TTML processor is not required to be able to
dereference a TTML Profile Definition Document that is not one of the
standard, predefined profiles defined by <a href="#profiles"><b>F Profiles</b></a>.  A
conformant TTML processor may make use of a built-in, static
form of each standard, predefined profile so as not to require
dereferencing a network resource.</p><p>If a TTML processor is unable to dereference a non-standard TTML
Profile Definition Document, then it must not further process the
document without the presence of an explicit override from an end-user
or some implementation specific parameter traceable to an end-user or
to a user or system configuration setting. If a TTML processor aborts
processing of a TTML document instance due to the inability to
reference a non-standard TTML Profile Definition Document, then some
end-user notification should be given unless the end-user or system
has disabled such a notification, or if the processor does not permit
or entail the intervention of an end-user.</p><p>The <code>ttp:profile</code> element is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-vocabulary-profile-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – ttp:profile</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:profile use="dfxp-presentation"&gt;
  &lt;ttp:features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/"&gt;
    &lt;ttp:feature&gt;#text-outline&lt;/ttp:feature&gt;
  &lt;/ttp:features&gt;
&lt;/ttp:profile&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the DFXP presentation profile is used as the
baseline profile. This baseline profile is then supersetted (thus
creating an additive derived profile) by requiring support for
<code>#text-outline</code> feature.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-vocabulary-features" id="parameter-vocabulary-features"/>6.1.2 ttp:features</h4><p>The <code>ttp:features</code> element is a container element used to group
infomation about feature support requirements.</p><p>The <code>ttp:features</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group, followed by
zero or more <code>ttp:feature</code> elements.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-parameter-features" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:features</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:features
  xml:base = string : <em>TT Feature Namespace</em>
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-feature">ttp:feature</a>*
&lt;/ttp:features&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If specified, the <code>xml:base</code>
attribute must (1) adhere to the
<code>xsd:anyURI</code> data type defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>,
§3.2.17, (2) express an absolute URI that
adheres to <a href="#xmlbase">[XML Base]</a> and,
(3) express a feature namespace as defined by
<a href="#feature-designations"><b>D.1 Feature Designations</b></a>. If not specified, the
<code>xml:base</code> attribute's default
value applies, which is the TT Feature Namespace.</p><p>The <code>xml:base</code> attribute is
used to permit the abbreviation of feature designation URIs expressed
by child <code>ttp:feature</code> elements.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-vocabulary-feature" id="parameter-vocabulary-feature"/>6.1.3 ttp:feature</h4><p>The <code>ttp:feature</code> element is used to specify
infomation about support requirements for a particular feature.</p><p>The children of the <code>ttp:feature</code> element must express a non-empty
sequence of character information items that adheres to the
<code>xsd:anyURI</code> data type defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>,
§3.2.17.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-parameter-feature" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:feature</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:feature
  value = (optional|required|use) : required
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> #PCDATA
&lt;/ttp:feature&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the URI expressed by the content of the <code>ttp:feature</code>
element is a relative URI, then, when combined with the
feature namespace value expressed by the
<code>xml:base</code> attribute of the
nearest ancestor <code>ttp:features</code> element, it must express an
absolute URI.  In either case (original absolute URI or resulting
absolutized URI), the URI expressed by the <code>ttp:feature</code>
element must further adhere to the syntax of a feature designation as
defined by <a href="#feature-designations"><b>D.1 Feature Designations</b></a>.</p><p>If
the URI expressed by the content of the <code>ttp:feature</code> element
is a relative URI, then an <code>xml:base</code> attribute should be
specified on the nearest ancestor <code>ttp:features</code> element.</p><p>The <code>value</code> attribute specifies whether a conforming TTML
processor must or may implement the designated feature in order to
process the document. If the value of the <code>value</code> attribute
is <code>optional</code>, then the processor need
not implement or otherwise support the feature in order to process the
document; if the value is <code>required</code>, then the processor
must implement or otherwise support the feature in order to process
the document; if the value is
<code>use</code>, then the processor must both (1) implement or
otherwise support the feature and (2) enable (activate) use of the
feature.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The default value of the <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>required</code>, as indicated in the above element information
item definition. Therefore, if a <code>value</code> attribute is not
specified on a <code>ttp:feature</code> element, it is equivalent to
specifying that support for the feature is required.</p></div><p>If the value of the <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>required</code> or <code>use</code>,
and if the TTML processor implementation does
not support the feature, then it must not further process the document
without the presence of an explicit override from an end-user or some
implementation specific parameter traceable to an end-user or to a
user or system configuration setting.  If a TTML processor aborts
processing of a TTML document instance due to the specification of a
required, but unsupported feature by this element, then some end-user
notification should be given unless the end-user or system has
disabled such a notification, or if the processor does not permit or
entail the intervention of an end-user.</p><p>If the value of the <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>optional</code>, and if the TTML processor implementation does
not support the feature, then it may further process the document even
in the case that some use of the feature is present in the document.
In the case of actual use of a feature designated as optional, the
default semantics associated with that feature apply; that is, the
processor may behave as if the feature were not actually used or
referenced by the document. Notwithstanding the above, the syntactic
presence or reference to an optional feature by a document must not be
considered to be a violation of document validity or a barrier to
further processing if the syntactic expression is well-formed and
valid.</p><p>The <code>ttp:feature</code> element is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-vocabulary-feature-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – ttp:feature</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:profile use="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-presentation"&gt;
  &lt;ttp:features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/"&gt;
    <span class="strong">&lt;ttp:feature value="required"&gt;#fontStyle-italic&lt;/ttp:feature&gt;</span>
    <span class="strong">&lt;ttp:feature value="required"&gt;#textDecoration-under&lt;/ttp:feature&gt;</span>
  &lt;/ttp:features&gt;
&lt;/ttp:profile&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the DFXP presentation profile is used as the
baseline profile. This baseline profile is then modified by two
<code>ttp:feature</code> elements in order to
superset the baseline profile (since neither
<code>#fontStyle-italic</code> nor <code>#textDecoration-under</code>
are required by the DFXP presentation profile).  
</p><p>The effect of this example is to express authorial intentions that
italic font style and text underlining must be
supported.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-vocabulary-extensions" id="parameter-vocabulary-extensions"/>6.1.4 ttp:extensions</h4><p>The <code>ttp:extensions</code> element is a container element used to group
infomation about extension support requirements.</p><p>The <code>ttp:extensions</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group, followed by
zero or more <code>ttp:extension</code> elements.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-parameter-extensions" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:extensions</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:extensions
  xml:base = string : <em>TT Extension Namespace</em>
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extension">ttp:extension</a>*
&lt;/ttp:extensions&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If specified, the <code>xml:base</code>
attribute must (1) adhere to the
<code>xsd:anyURI</code> data type defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>,
§3.2.17, (2) express an absolute URI that
adheres to <a href="#xmlbase">[XML Base]</a> and,
(3) express an extension namespace as defined by
<a href="#extension-designations"><b>E.1 Extension Designations</b></a>. If not specified, the
<code>xml:base</code> attribute's default
value applies, which is the TT Extension Namespace.</p><p>The <code>xml:base</code> attribute is
used to permit the abbreviation of feature designation URIs expressed
by child <code>ttp:extension</code> elements.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-vocabulary-extension" id="parameter-vocabulary-extension"/>6.1.5 ttp:extension</h4><p>The <code>ttp:extension</code> element is used to specify
infomation about support requirements for a particular extension.</p><p>The children of the <code>ttp:extension</code> element must express a non-empty
sequence of character information items that adheres to the
<code>xsd:anyURI</code> data type defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>,
§3.2.17.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-parameter-extension" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:extension</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:extension
  value = (optional|required|use) : required
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> #PCDATA
&lt;/ttp:extension&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the URI expressed by the content of the <code>ttp:extension</code>
element is a relative URI, then, when combined with the
extension namespace value expressed by the
<code>xml:base</code> attribute of the
nearest ancestor <code>ttp:extensions</code> element, it must express an
absolute URI.  In either case (original absolute URI or resulting
absolutized URI), the URI expressed by the <code>ttp:extension</code>
element must further adhere to the syntax of an extension designation
as defined by <a href="#extension-designations"><b>E.1 Extension Designations</b></a>.</p><p>If the URI expressed by the content of the
<code>ttp:feature</code> element is a relative URI, then an
<code>xml:base</code> attribute should be specified on the nearest
ancestor <code>ttp:extensions</code> element.</p><p>The <code>value</code> attribute specifies whether a conforming TTML
processor must or may implement the designated extension in order to
process the document. If the value of the <code>value</code> attribute
is <code>optional</code>, then the processor need
not implement or otherwise support the extension in order to process the
document; if the value is <code>required</code>, then the processor
must implement or otherwise support the extension in order to process
the document; if the value is
<code>use</code>, then the processor must both (1) implement or
otherwise support the extension and (2) enable (activate) use of the
extension.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The default value of the <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>required</code>, as indicated in the above element information
item definition. Therefore, if a <code>value</code> attribute is not
specified on a <code>ttp:extension</code> element, it is equivalent to
specifying that support for the extension is required.</p></div><p>If the value of the <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>required</code> or <code>use</code>,
and if the TTML processor implementation does not support the
extension, then it must not further process the document without the
presence of an explicit override from an end-user or some
implementation specific parameter traceable to an end-user or to a
user or system configuration setting.  If a TTML processor aborts
processing of a TTML document instance due to the specification of a
required, but unsupported extension by this element, then some
end-user notification should be given unless the end-user or system
has disabled such a notification, or if the processor does not permit
or entail the intervention of an end-user.</p><p>If the value of the <code>value</code> attribute is
<code>optional</code>, and if the TTML processor implementation does
not support the extension, then it may further process the document even
in the case that some use of the extension is present in the document.
In the case of actual use of an extension designated as optional, the
default semantics associated with that extension apply; that is, the
processor may behave as if the extension were not actually used or
referenced by the document. Notwithstanding the above, the syntactic
presence or reference to an optional extension by a document must not be
considered to be a violation of document validity or a barrier to
further processing if the syntactic expression is well-formed and
valid.</p><p>The <code>ttp:extension</code> element is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-vocabulary-extension-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – ttp:extension</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttp:profile use="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-transformation"&gt;
  &lt;ttp:extensions xml:base="http://foo.bar.example.org/ttaf1/extension/"&gt;
    <span class="strong">&lt;ttp:extension value="use"&gt;#prefilter-by-language&lt;/ttp:extension&gt;</span>
  &lt;/ttp:extensions&gt;
&lt;/ttp:profile&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the DFXP transformation profile is used as
the baseline profile. This baseline profile is then supersetted by
specifying that support and use is required for a private extension
defined in a third party namespace.</p><p>The effect of this example is to express authorial intentions that
a recipient processor must support the DFXP transformation profile and
must also support and use an extension defined by a third party.</p></div></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="parameter-attribute-vocabulary" id="parameter-attribute-vocabulary"/>6.2 Parameter Attribute Vocabulary</h3><p>The following attributes are defined in the TT Parameter Namespace.</p><ul><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-cellResolution"><b>6.2.1 ttp:cellResolution</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><b>6.2.2 ttp:clockMode</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><b>6.2.3 ttp:dropMode</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate"><b>6.2.4 ttp:frameRate</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier"><b>6.2.5 ttp:frameRateMultiplier</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><b>6.2.6 ttp:markerMode</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio"><b>6.2.7 ttp:pixelAspectRatio</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><b>6.2.8 ttp:profile</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate"><b>6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-tickRate"><b>6.2.10 ttp:tickRate</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a></p></li></ul><p>Unless explicitly stated otherwise, linear white-space (LWSP) may
appear between tokens of a value of a TT Parameter.</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-cellResolution" id="parameter-attribute-cellResolution"/>6.2.1 ttp:cellResolution</h4><p>The <code>ttp:cellResolution</code> attribute may be used by an author
to express the number of horizontal and vertical cells into which the root container region
area is divided for the purpose of expressing presentation semantics in terms of
a uniform grid.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-cellResolution-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:cellResolution</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:cellResolution
  : columns rows                            // <em>columns</em> != 0; <em>rows</em> != 0

columns | rows
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If not specified, the number of columns and rows must be considered
to be 32 and 15, respectively. If specified, then columns or rows must not be zero (0).</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The choice of values 32 and 15 are based on this being the
maximum number of columns and rows defined by <a href="#cea608c">[CEA-608-C]</a>.</p></div><p>A <code>ttp:cellResolution</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The use of a uniform grid is employed only for the purpose of
measuring lengths and expressing coordinates. In particular, it is not
assumed that the presentation of text or the alignment of individual
glyph areas is
coordinated with this grid. Such alignment is possible, but
requires the use of a monospaced font and a font size whose EM square exactly
matches the cell size.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-clockMode" id="parameter-attribute-clockMode"/>6.2.2 ttp:clockMode</h4><p>The <code>ttp:clockMode</code> attribute is used to specify the
interpretation of time expressions as real-time time coordinates when
operating with time base of <code>clock</code> as defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>See <a href="#timing-time-value-expressions"><b>10.3 Time Value Expressions</b></a> for the
specification of time expression syntax.</p></div><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-clockMode-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:clockMode</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:clockMode
  : "local"
  | "gps"
  | "utc"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the time base, defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a>, is designated as
<code>clock</code>, then this parameter applies as follows: if the
parameter's value is <code>local</code>, then time expressions are
interpreted as local wall-clock time coordinates;
if <code>utc</code>, then time expressions are
interpreted as UTC time coordinates
<a href="#utc">[UTC]</a>;
if <code>gps</code>, then time expressions are
interpreted as GPS time coordinates
<a href="#gps">[GPS]</a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The primary difference between GPS time and UTC time is that GPS
time is not adjusted for leap seconds, while UTC time is adjusted as
follows: UTC = TAI (<em>Temp Atomique International</em>) + <em>leap seconds
accumulated since 1972</em>. TAI is maintained by the <em>Bureau
International des Poids et Mesures</em> (BIPM) in Sevres, France.
The GPS system time is steered to a Master Clock (MC) at the US Naval
Observatory which is kept within a close but unspecified
tolerance of TAI.</p></div><p>If not specified, the value of this parameter must be considered
to be <code>utc</code>.</p><p>A <code>ttp:clockMode</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-dropMode" id="parameter-attribute-dropMode"/>6.2.3 ttp:dropMode</h4><p>The <code>ttp:dropMode</code> attribute is used to specify
constraints on the interpretation and use of frame counts
that correspond with <a href="#smpte12m">[SMPTE 12M]</a> time coordinates when operating
with time base of <code>smpte</code> as defined by
<a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a>.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-dropMode-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:dropMode</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:dropMode
  : "dropNTSC"
  | "dropPAL"
  | "nonDrop"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the time base, defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a>, is designated as
<code>smpte</code>, then this parameter applies as follows: if the
parameter's value is <code>nonDrop</code>, then, within any given
second of a time expression, frames count from 0 to
<em>N−1</em>, where <em>N</em> is the value specified by
the <code>ttp:frameRate</code> parameter, but while ignoring any value
specified by the <code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code> parameter.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>When operating in <code>nonDrop</code>
mode, a second of a time expression may or may not be equal to a
second of real time during normal (1x speed) forward playback. If the
<code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code> parameter is specified and is not
equal to 1:1, then a second of a time expression will either be
shorter or longer than a second of elapsed play in real
time.</p></div><p>If this parameter's value is <code>dropNTSC</code>, then, within any
given second of a time expression except the second <code>00</code>,
frames count from 0 to <em>N−1</em>, where <em>N</em> is
the value specified by the <code>ttp:frameRate</code> parameter, but
while ignoring any value specified by the
<code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code> parameter. If the second of a time
expression is <code>00</code> and the minute of the time expression is
not <code>00</code>, <code>10</code>, <code>20</code>, <code>30</code>,
<code>40</code>, or <code>50</code>, then frame codes <code>00</code>
and <code>01</code> are dropped during that second; otherwise, these
frame codes are not dropped.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>For example, when operating in <code>dropNTSC</code>
mode with <code>ttp:frameRate</code> of <code>30</code>, a discontinuity
in frame count occurs between consecutive frames as shown in the
following sequence of time expressions: <code>01:08:59:28</code>,
<code>01:08:59:29</code>, <code>01:09:00:02</code>,
<code>01:09:00:03</code>.</p></div><p>If this parameter's value is <code>dropPAL</code>, then, within any
given second of a time expression except the second <code>00</code>,
frames count from 0 to <em>N−1</em>, where <em>N</em> is
the value specified by the <code>ttp:frameRate</code> parameter, but
while ignoring any value specified by the
<code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code> parameter. If the second of a time
expression is <code>00</code> and the minute of the time expression is
even but not <code>00</code>, <code>20</code>, or <code>40</code>,
then frame codes <code>00</code> through <code>03</code> are dropped
during that second; otherwise, these frame codes are not dropped.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>For example, when operating in <code>dropPAL</code>
mode with <code>ttp:frameRate</code> of <code>30</code>, a discontinuity
in frame count occurs between consecutive frames as shown in the
following sequence of time expressions: <code>01:09:59:28</code>,
<code>01:09:59:29</code>, <code>01:10:00:04</code>,
<code>01:10:00:04</code>.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The <code>dropPAL</code> mode is also known as the
<em>M/PAL</em> or <em>PAL (M)</em> drop-frame
code, which uses PAL modulation with the NTSC frame rate of ~29.97
frames/second. The M/PAL system is used primarily in Brazil.</p></div><p>If not specified, then <code>nonDrop</code> must be assumed to apply.</p><p>A <code>ttp:dropMode</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-frameRate" id="parameter-attribute-frameRate"/>6.2.4 ttp:frameRate</h4><p>The <code>ttp:frameRate</code> attribute is used to specify the frame rate of a related
media object or the intrinsic frame rate of a document instance in case it is intended
to function as an independent media object.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-frameRate-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:frameRate</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:frameRate
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+                                // <em>value</em> &gt; 0
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The frame rate that applies to a document instance is used to
interpret time expressions that are expressed in <em>frames</em>
as defined by <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression"><b>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</b></a>.</p><p>A frame is interpreted as a division of a second of media
time, such that if the frame rate is specified as <em>F</em>, then
a second of media time is divided into <em>F</em> intervals of
equal duration, where each interval is labeled as frame <em>f</em>,
with <em>f</em> ∈ [0…<em>F−1</em>].</p><p>If not specified, the frame rate must be considered to be equal to some
application defined frame rate, or if no application defined frame rate applies,
then thirty (30) frames per second. If specified, then the frame rate must
be greater than zero (0).</p><p>A <code>ttp:frameRate</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier" id="parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier"/>6.2.5 ttp:frameRateMultiplier</h4><p>The <code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code> attribute is used to
specify a multiplier to be applied to the frame rate specified by a
<code>ttp:frameRate</code> attribute in order to compute the effective
frame rate.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:frameRateMultiplier</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:frameRateMultiplier
  : numerator denominator                   // <em>numerator</em> != 0; <em>denominator</em> != 0

numerator | denominator
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>A frame rate multiplier is used when the desired frame rate cannot
be expressed as an integral number of frames per second.</p><p>If not specified, the frame rate multiplier must be considered to be equal to one (1:1).
Both numerator and denominator must be non-zero.</p><p>A <code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The frame rate multiplier used for synchronizing with NTSC <a href="#smpte170m">[SMPTE 170M]</a>
formatted video objects at 30 frames per second is nominally
1000:1001. The nominal frame rate of NTSC video is defined as the chrominance
sub-carrier frequency of 3,579,545.45…Hz (= 5.0MHz × 63/88) times the ratio 2/455 divided by
the number of horizontal lines per frame of 525, which yields a frame
rate of 29.970029970029… (= 30 × 1000/1001) frames per
second. Other frame rate multipliers apply to different regions of
usage and video format standards.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Except in the case of PAL/M, the frame rate multiplier used for synchronizing with PAL
formatted video objects at 25 frames per second is nominally 1:1.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-markerMode" id="parameter-attribute-markerMode"/>6.2.6 ttp:markerMode</h4><p>The <code>ttp:markerMode</code> attribute is used to specify
constraints on the interpretation and use of time expressions
that correspond with <a href="#smpte12m">[SMPTE 12M]</a> time coordinates when operating
with time base of <code>smpte</code> as defined by
<a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a>.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-markerMode-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:markerMode</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:markerMode
  : "continuous"
  | "discontinuous"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the time base, defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a>, is designated as
<code>smpte</code>, then this parameter applies as follows: if the
parameter's value is <code>continuous</code>, then <a href="#smpte12m">[SMPTE 12M]</a> time coordinates
may be assumed to be linear and either monotonically increasing or
decreasing; however, if <code>discontinuous</code>, then any assumption
must not be made regarding linearity or monotonicity of time coordinates.</p><p>If not specified, the value of this parameter must be considered
to be <code>continuous</code>.</p><p>A <code>ttp:markerMode</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p><p>If a value of <code>discontinuous</code> applies, then time
expressions must not be converted to either media time or real time
coordinates, arithmetical operators (addition, multiplication) are not
defined on time expressions, and, consequently, any expression of a
duration must be considered to be invalid.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>When operating with <code>smpte</code> time base and
<code>discontinuous</code> marker mode, there is no effective time coordinate
space; rather, all time expressions are interpreted as labeled
synchronization events (markers), where some external synchronization
context emits these events, which, when they correspond with time
expressions that denote the same label, cause a temporal interval to
begin or end accordingly.</p><p>An additional side-effect of operating in <code>discontinuous</code>
mode is that time expressions of children have no necessary
relationship with time expressions of their temporal container; that
is, temporal containers and children of these containers are
temporally activated and inactivated independently based on the
occurrence of a labeled synchronization (marker) event.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The notion of marker discontinuity as captured by this parameter
is logically independent from the method used to count frames as
expressed by the <code>ttp:dropMode</code> parameter. In particular,
even if the <code>ttp:dropMode</code> parameter is specified as
<code>dropNTSC</code> or <code>dropPAL</code>, the marker mode may be
specified as <code>continuous</code>, even in the presence of frame count
discontinuities induced by the frame counting method, unless there
were some other non-linearity or discontinuity in marker labeling, for
example, two consecutive frames labeled as <code>10:00:00:00</code>
and <code>10:00:01:00</code>.
</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio" id="parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio"/>6.2.7 ttp:pixelAspectRatio</h4><p>The <code>ttp:pixelAspectRatio</code> attribute may be used by a content author
to express the aspect ratio of non-square pixels in the production of content that
makes use of pixel coordinates.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:pixelAspectRatio</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:pixelAspectRatio
  : width height                            // <em>width</em> != 0; <em>height</em> != 0

width | height
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If not specified, then square pixels (i.e., aspect ratio 1:1) must be assumed to apply.
If specified, then both width and height must be non-zero.</p><p>A <code>ttp:pixelAspectRatio</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>This parameter may be used by a content transcoder or translator in
order to convert pixel measurements between different pixel aspect
ratios while still maintaining authorial layout intentions.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-profile" id="parameter-attribute-profile"/>6.2.8 ttp:profile</h4><p>The <code>ttp:profile</code> attribute may be used by a content author
to express the profile of the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) used
in a document instance.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the
<code>xsd:anyURI</code> data type defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a>,
§3.2.17, and, further, must specify a
profile designator in accordance with
<a href="#vocabulary-profiles"><b>5.2 Profiles</b></a>.</p><p>A <code>ttp:profile</code>
attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the
<code>tt</code> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-subFrameRate" id="parameter-attribute-subFrameRate"/>6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate</h4><p>The <code>ttp:subFrameRate</code> attribute is used to specify the sub-frame rate of a related
media object or the intrinsic sub-frame rate of a document instance in case it is intended
to function as an independent media object.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-subFrameRate-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:subFrameRate</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:subFrameRate
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+                                // <em>value</em> &gt; 0
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The sub-frame rate that applies to a document instance is used to
interpret time expressions that are expressed in <em>sub-frames</em>
as defined by <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression"><b>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</b></a>.</p><p>A sub-frame is interpreted as a division of a frame of media
time, such that if the sub-frame rate is specified as <em>S</em>, then
a frame of media time is divided into <em>S</em> intervals of
equal duration, where each interval is labeled as sub-frame <em>s</em>,
with <em>s</em> ∈ [0…<em>S−1</em>].</p><p>If not specified, the sub-frame rate must be considered to be
equal to one (1). If specified, then the sub-frame rate must be greater than zero (0).</p><p>A <code>ttp:subFrameRate</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The sub-frame is sometimes referred to as a <em>field</em> in
the context of synchronization with an interlaced video media object.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-tickRate" id="parameter-attribute-tickRate"/>6.2.10 ttp:tickRate</h4><p>The <code>ttp:tickRate</code> attribute is used to specify the tick rate of a related
media object or the intrinsic tick rate of content of a document instance in case it is intended
to function as an independent media object.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-tickRate-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:tickRate</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:tickRate
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+                                // <em>value</em> &gt; 0
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The tick rate that applies to a document instance is used to
interpret time expressions that are expressed in <em>ticks</em> by
using the <code>t</code> metric as defined by <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression"><b>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</b></a>.</p><p>A tick is interpreted as an integral division of a second of media
time, such that if the tick rate is specified as <em>T</em>, then
a second of media time is divided into <em>T</em> intervals of
equal duration, where each interval is labeled as tick <em>t</em>,
with <em>t</em> ∈ [0…<em>T−1</em>].</p><p>If not specified, then if a frame rate is specified, the tick rate
must be considered to be the effective frame rate multiplied by the
sub-frame rate (i.e., ticks are interpreted as sub-frames); or, if no
frame rate is specified, the tick rate must be considered to be one (1)
tick per second of media time. If specified, then the tick rate
must not be zero (0).</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>There is no predefined relationship between ticks and frames or
sub-frames. Ticks are an arbitrary division of seconds that permit
use of fixed point arithmetic rather than fractional (and potentially
inexact) expressions of seconds.</p></div><p>A <code>ttp:tickRate</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="parameter-attribute-timeBase" id="parameter-attribute-timeBase"/>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</h4><p>The <code>ttp:timeBase</code> attribute is used to specify the
temporal coordinate system by means of which time expressions are
interpreted in a document instance.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="parameter-attribute-timeBase-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttp:timeBase</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttp:timeBase
  : "media"
  | "smpte"
  | "clock"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the time base is designated as <code>media</code>, then a time
expression denotes a coordinate in some media object's time line,
where the media object may be an external media object with which the
content of a document instance is to be synchronized, or it may
be the content of a document instance itself in a case where
the timed text content is intended to establish an independent time
line.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>When using a media time base, if that time base is paused or
scaled positively or negatively, then it is expected that the
presentation of associated Timed Text content will be similarly
paused, accelerated, or decelerated, respectively. The means for
controlling an external
media time base is outside the scope of this specification.</p></div><p>If the time base is designated as <code>smpte</code>,
then a time expression denotes a <a href="#smpte12m">[SMPTE 12M]</a> time
coordinate with which the content of a document instance is to
be synchronized.  In this case, the value of the <code>ttp:markerMode</code> 
and <code>ttp:dropMode</code> parameters apply, as defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><b>6.2.6 ttp:markerMode</b></a> and <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><b>6.2.3 ttp:dropMode</b></a>, respectively.</p><p>If the time base is designated as <code>clock</code>, then the time
expression denotes a coordinate in some real-world time line as
established by some real-time clock, such as the local wall-clock time
or UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) or GPS (Global Positioning System)
time lines.</p><p>If not specified, the default time base must be considered to be
<code>media</code>.</p><p>A <code>ttp:timeBase</code> attribute is considered to be significant only
when specified on the <code>tt</code> element.</p><p>When operating with either <code>media</code> or <code>smpte</code>
time bases, a diachronic presentation of a document instance may
be subject to transformations of the controlling time line, such as
temporal reversal, dilation (expansion), or constriction
(compression); however, when operating with the <code>clock</code>
time base, no transformations are permitted, and diachronic
presentation proceeds on a linear, monotonically increasing time line
based on the passage of real time.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Due to there being only one time base parameter that applies to a
given document instance, the interpretation of time expressions
is uniform throughout the document instance.</p></div><p>When operating with the <code>clock</code> time base,
the expression <em>media time</em> as used in this specification is
to be interpreted as the real-time clock selected by
<a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><b>6.2.2 ttp:clockMode</b></a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="content" id="content"/>7 Content</h2><p>This section specifies the <em>content</em> matter of the core
vocabulary catalog.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="content-element-vocabulary" id="content-element-vocabulary"/>7.1 Content Element Vocabulary</h3><p>The following elements specify the structure and principal content aspects of a
document instance:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><b>7.1.1 tt</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head"><b>7.1.2 head</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><b>7.1.3 body</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><b>7.1.4 div</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><b>7.1.5 p</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><b>7.1.6 span</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-br"><b>7.1.7 br</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="document-structure-vocabulary-tt" id="document-structure-vocabulary-tt"/>7.1.1 tt</h4><p>The <code>tt</code> element serves as the root document element of a document
instance.</p><p>The <code>tt</code> element accepts as its children zero or one <code>head</code> element followed by
zero or one <code>body</code> element.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-tt" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: tt</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;tt
  <a href="#style-attribute-extent">tts:extent</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang"><span class="reqattr">xml:lang</span></a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>) : default
  {<em>any attribute in TT Parameter namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head">head</a>?, <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body">body</a>?
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The temporal beginning and ending of a document instance represented by a
<code>tt</code> element is defined in relationship with some external
application or presentation context. The temporal interval defined by
these points is referred to subsequently as the <em>external time interval</em>.
</p><p>A document instance has an implicit duration that is equal to the
implicit duration of the <code>body</code> element of the document, if present, or zero,
if not present.</p><p>If the <code>tts:extent</code> attribute is specified on the <code>tt</code>
element, then it must adhere to <a href="#style-attribute-extent"><b>8.2.7 tts:extent</b></a>, in which case it
specifies the spatial extent of the root container region in
which content regions are located and presented. If no <code>tts:extent</code>
attribute is specified, then the spatial extent of the root container region is
considered to be determined by the external authoring or presentation
context. The root container origin is determined by the external
authoring context.</p><p>An <code>xml:lang</code> attribute must be specified on the <code>tt</code> element.
If the attribute value is empty, it signifies that there is no default language that applies
to the text contained within the document instance.</p><p>If no <code>xml:space</code> attribute is specified upon the <code>tt</code> element, then it must
be considered as if the attribute had been specified with a value of <code>default</code>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="document-structure-vocabulary-head" id="document-structure-vocabulary-head"/>7.1.2 head</h4><p>The <code>head</code> element is a container element used to group
header matter, including metadata,
profile, styling, and layout information.</p><p>The <code>head</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group,
followed by zero or more elements in the
<code>Parameters.class</code> element group,
followed by zero or one <code>styling</code> element,
followed by zero or one <code>layout</code> element.</p><p>Any metadata specified by children in the <code>Metadata.class</code>
element group applies semantically to the document instance as a
whole, and not just the <code>head</code> element.</p><p>Any parameters specified by children in the <code>Parameters.class</code>
element group applies semantically to the document instance as a
whole, and not just the <code>head</code> element.</p><p>A <code>styling</code> child element is used to specify style constructs
that are referenced from other style constructs, by layout constructs, and by
content elements.</p><p>A <code>layout</code> child element is used to specify layout constructs that
are referenced by content elements.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-head" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: head</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;head
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Parameters.class</a>*, <a href="#styling-vocabulary-styling">styling</a>?, <a href="#layout-vocabulary-layout">layout</a>?
&lt;/head&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>To the extent that time semantics apply to the content of the
<code>head</code> element, the implied time interval of this element is
defined to be coterminous with the external time interval.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="document-structure-vocabulary-body" id="document-structure-vocabulary-body"/>7.1.3 body</h4><p>The <code>body</code> element functions as a logical container and a temporal
structuring element for a sequence of textual content units represented as
logical divisions.</p><p>The <code>body</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group,
followed by zero or more
elements in the <code>Animation.class</code> element group,
followed by
zero or more <code>div</code> elements.</p><p>Any metadata specified by children in the <code>Metadata.class</code>
element group applies semantically to the <code>body</code> element and its descendants as a whole.</p><p>Any animation elements specified by children in the <code>Animation.class</code>
element group apply semantically to the <code>body</code> element.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-body" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: body</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;body
  <a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#layout-attribute-region">region</a> = IDREF
  <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a> = IDREFS
  <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer">timeContainer</a> = (<em>par</em>|<em>seq</em>)
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Metadata namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Animation.class</a>*, <a href="#content-vocabulary-div">div</a>*
&lt;/body&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>An author may specify a temporal interval for a <code>body</code> element using
the <code>begin</code>, <code>dur</code>, and <code>end</code> attributes. If the begin point
of this interval remains unspecified, then the begin point is interpreted as the begin
point of the external time interval. Similarly, if the end point of this interval remains unspecified, then the
end point is interpreted as the end point of the external time interval.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>A TTML document instance referenced from a SMIL presentation
is expected to follow the same timing rules as apply to other SMIL media
objects.</p></div><p>If relative begin or end times are specified on the <code>body</code>
element, then these times are resolved by reference to the begin and
end time of the external time interval.</p><p>If the external time interval is shorter than the computed duration of the
<code>body</code> element, then the active time interval of a document instance is
truncated to the active end point of the external time interval.</p><p>An author may associate a set of style properties with a
<code>body</code> element by means of either the <code>style</code>
attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Style properties that are associated with a <code>body</code> element
in a document instance are available for style inheritance by
descendant content elements such as <code>div</code>, <code>p</code>,
<code>span</code>
and <code>br</code>.</p></div><p>If no <code>timeContainer</code> attribute is specified on a
<code>body</code> element, then it must be interpreted as having
<em>parallel</em>
time containment semantics.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="content-vocabulary-div" id="content-vocabulary-div"/>7.1.4 div</h4><p>The <code>div</code> element functions as a logical container and a temporal
structuring element for a sequence of textual content units represented as
logical sub-divisions or paragraphs.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>When rendered on a continuous (non-paged) visual presentation medium,
a <code>div</code> element is expected to generate
one or more block
areas
that contain zero or more child block areas
generated by the <code>div</code> element's
descendant
<code>p</code> elements.
</p><p>If some
block area generated by a <code>div</code> element does
not contain any child areas, then it is not expected to be presented.</p></div><p>The <code>div</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group,
followed by zero or more
elements in the <code>Animation.class</code> element group,
followed by
zero or more
<code>div</code> or 
<code>p</code> elements.</p><p>Any metadata specified by children in the <code>Metadata.class</code>
element group applies semantically to the <code>div</code> element and its descendants as a whole.</p><p>Any animation elements specified by children in the <code>Animation.class</code>
element group apply semantically to the <code>div</code> element.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-div" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: div</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;div
  <a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#layout-attribute-region">region</a> = IDREF
  <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a> = IDREFS
  <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer">timeContainer</a> = (<em>par</em>|<em>seq</em>)
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Metadata namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Animation.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Block.class</a>*
&lt;/div&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>An author may associate a set of style properties with a <code>div</code> element by means of either
the <code>style</code> attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Style properties that are associated
with
a <code>div</code> element in a document instance
are available for style inheritance by descendant content elements such as
<code>div</code>, 
<code>p</code>,
<code>span</code>, and
<code>br</code>.</p></div><p>If no <code>timeContainer</code> attribute is specified on
a <code>div</code> element, then it must be interpreted as having
<em>parallel</em> time containment semantics.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="content-vocabulary-p" id="content-vocabulary-p"/>7.1.5 p</h4><p>A <code>p</code> element represents a logical paragraph, serving as
a transition between block level and inline level formatting semantics.</p><p>The <code>p</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group,
followed by zero or more
elements in the <code>Animation.class</code> element group,
followed by
zero or more
<code>span</code> element,
<code>br</code> element,
or text nodes interpreted as anonymous spans.</p><p>Any metadata specified by children in the <code>Metadata.class</code>
element group applies semantically to the <code>p</code> element and its descendants as a whole.</p><p>Any animation elements specified by children in the <code>Animation.class</code>
element group apply semantically to the <code>p</code> element.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-p" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: p</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;p
  <a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#layout-attribute-region">region</a> = IDREF
  <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a> = IDREFS
  <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer">timeContainer</a> = (<em>par</em>|<em>seq</em>)
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Metadata namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Animation.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Inline.class</a>*
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>An author may associate a set of style properties with a
<code>p</code> element by means of either the <code>style</code>
attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Style properties that are associated with a <code>p</code> element
in a document instance are available for style inheritance by
descendant content elements such as <code>span</code> and
<code>br</code>.</p></div><p>If no <code>timeContainer</code> attribute is specified on
a <code>p</code> element, then it must be interpreted as having
<em>parallel</em> time containment semantics.</p><p>If a sequence of children of a <code>p</code> element
consists solely of character information items, then that sequence must
be considered to be an <em>anonymous span</em> for the purpose of
applying style properties that apply to <code>span</code> elements.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="content-vocabulary-span" id="content-vocabulary-span"/>7.1.6 span</h4><p>The <code>span</code> element functions as a logical container and a temporal
structuring element for a sequence of textual content units having inline
level formatting semantics.</p><p>When presented on a visual medium, a <code>span</code> element is intended to
generate a sequence of inline areas, each containing one or more glyph areas.</p><p>The <code>span</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group,
followed by zero or more
elements in the <code>Animation.class</code> element group,
followed by
zero or more
<code>span</code> elements,
<code>br</code> elements,
or text nodes interpreted as anonymous spans.</p><p>Any metadata specified by children in the <code>Metadata.class</code>
element group applies semantically to the <code>span</code> element and its descendants as a whole.</p><p>Any animation elements specified by children in the <code>Animation.class</code>
element group apply semantically to the <code>span</code> element.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-span" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: span</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;span
  <a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#layout-attribute-region">region</a> = IDREF
  <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a> = IDREFS
  <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer">timeContainer</a> = (<em>par</em>|<em>seq</em>)
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Metadata namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Animation.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Inline.class</a>*
&lt;/span&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>An author may associate a set of style properties with a
<code>span</code> element by means of either the <code>style</code>
attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Style properties that are associated with a <code>span</code> element
in a document instance are available for style inheritance by
descendant content elements such as <code>span</code> and
<code>br</code>.</p></div><p>If no <code>timeContainer</code> attribute is specified on
a <code>span</code> element, then it must be interpreted as having
<em>parallel</em> time containment semantics.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="content-vocabulary-br" id="content-vocabulary-br"/>7.1.7 br</h4><p>The <code>br</code> element denotes an explicit line break.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-br" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: br</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;br
  <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a> = IDREFS
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Metadata namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Animation.class</a>*
&lt;/br&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>When presented on a visual medium, the presence of a <code>br</code> element must be
interpreted as a forced line break.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The visual presentation of a <code>br</code> element is
intended to produce the same effect as the ASCII control code
<code>CR</code>
followed by the control code <code>NL</code> when presented on a teletype device.
Therefore, two <code>br</code> elements in sequence will produce a
different effect than a single <code>br</code> element.</p></div></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="content-attribute-vocabulary" id="content-attribute-vocabulary"/>7.2 Content Attribute Vocabulary</h3><p>This section defines the following common attributes used with many or all element types
in the core vocabulary catalog:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#content-attribute-id"><b>7.2.1 xml:id</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-attribute-lang"><b>7.2.2 xml:lang</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-attribute-space"><b>7.2.3 xml:space</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="content-attribute-id" id="content-attribute-id"/>7.2.1 xml:id</h4><p>The <code>xml:id</code> attribute is used as defined by
<a href="#xmlid">[XML ID]</a>.</p><p>The <code>xml:id</code> attribute may be used with any element in the
core vocabulary catalog.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="content-attribute-lang" id="content-attribute-lang"/>7.2.2 xml:lang</h4><p>The <code>xml:lang</code> attribute is used as defined by
<a href="#xml10">[XML 1.0]</a>, §2.12, <em>Language Identification</em>.</p><p>The <code>xml:lang</code> attribute must be specified on the <code>tt</code>
element and may be specified by an instance of any other element type
in the core vocabulary catalog.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="content-attribute-space" id="content-attribute-space"/>7.2.3 xml:space</h4><p>The <code>xml:space</code> attribute is used as defined by
<a href="#xml10">[XML 1.0]</a>, §2.10, <em>White Space Handling</em>.</p><p>The <code>xml:space</code> attribute may be used with any element in
the core vocabulary catalog.</p><p>The semantics of the value <code>default</code> are fixed to mean that
when performing presentation processing of a document instance as
described by <a href="#semantics-region-layout-step-2"><b>9.3.3 Synchronic Flow Processing</b></a>,
processing must occur as
if the following properties were specified on the affected

elements of an equivalent intermediate XSL-FO document:</p><ul><li><p><code>suppress-at-line-break="auto"</code></p></li><li><p><code>linefeed-treatment="treat-as-space"</code></p></li><li><p><code>white-space-collapse="true"</code></p></li><li><p><code>white-space-treatment="ignore-if-surrounding-linefeed"</code></p></li></ul><p>Similarly, the semantics of the value <code>preserve</code> are fixed to mean that
when performing presentation processing, processing must occur as
if the following properties were specified on the affected

elements of an equivalent intermediate XSL-FO document:
</p><ul><li><p><code>suppress-at-line-break="retain"</code></p></li><li><p><code>linefeed-treatment="preserve"</code></p></li><li><p><code>white-space-collapse="false"</code></p></li><li><p><code>white-space-treatment="preserve"</code></p></li></ul><p>When performing other types of processing intended to eventually
result in a visual presentation by means other than those described
in this specification, the semantics of space collapsing and
preservation as described above should be respected. For other types
of processing, the treatment of the <code>xml:space</code> attribute
is processor dependent, but should respect the semantics described
above if possible.</p></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="styling" id="styling"/>8 Styling</h2><p>This section specifies the <em>styling</em> matter of the core
vocabulary catalog, where
styling is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to
content and that denotes authorial intentions about the presentation of
that content.</p><p>
    Styling attributes are included in TTML to enable authorial intent of presentation
    to be included within a self-contained document. This section describes
    the semantics of style presentation in terms of a standard processing
    model. TTML Processors are not required to present TTML documents in any particular way; 
    but an implementation of this model by a TTML Presentation Processor
    that provides externally observable results that are consistent with this model is
    likely to lead to a user experience that closely resembles the experience intended by
    the documents' authors.
  </p><p>
    The semantics of TTML style presentation are described in terms of the model 
    in <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>. The intended effect of the attributes in this section 
    are to be compatible with  the layout model of XSL. Presentation agents may however 
    use any technology to satisfy the authorial intent of the document. In particular 
    since <a href="#css2">[CSS2]</a> is a subset of this model, a CSS processor may be used 
    for the features that the models have in common.
  </p><p>No normative use of an
<code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet ... ?&gt;</code> processing instruction is defined
by this specification.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="styling-element-vocabulary" id="styling-element-vocabulary"/>8.1 Styling Element Vocabulary</h3><p>The following elements specify the structure and principal styling aspects of a
document instance:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#styling-vocabulary-styling"><b>8.1.1 styling</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#styling-vocabulary-style"><b>8.1.2 style</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="styling-vocabulary-styling" id="styling-vocabulary-styling"/>8.1.1 styling</h4><p>The <code>styling</code> element is a container element used to group
styling matter, including metadata that applies to styling matter.</p><p>The <code>styling</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group, followed by
zero or more <code>style</code> elements.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-styling" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: styling</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;styling
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#styling-vocabulary-style">style</a>*
&lt;/styling&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>To the extent that time semantics apply to the content of the
<code>styling</code> element, the implied time interval of this element is
defined to be coterminous with the external time interval.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="styling-vocabulary-style" id="styling-vocabulary-style"/>8.1.2 style</h4><p>The <code>style</code> element is used to define
a set of style specifications expressed as a
specified style set in accordance with
<a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-sss"><b>8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing</b></a>.</p><p>The <code>style</code> element accepts as its children zero or more <code>metadata</code> elements.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-style" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: style</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;style
  <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a> = IDREFS
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  
  <em>Content:</em> EMPTY
&lt;/style&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If a <code>style</code> element appears as a descendant of a
<code>region</code> element, then the <code>style</code> element must be
ignored for the purpose of computing referential styles as defined by
<a href="#semantics-style-association-referential"><b>8.4.1.2 Referential Styling</b></a> and <a href="#semantics-style-association-chained-referential"><b>8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling</b></a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>That is to say, when referential styling is used by an element to
refer to a <code>style</code> element, then the referenced <code>style</code>
element must appear as a descendant of the <code>styling</code> element, and
not in any other context.</p></div></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="styling-attribute-vocabulary" id="styling-attribute-vocabulary"/>8.2 Styling Attribute Vocabulary</h3><p>This section defines the <a href="#style-attribute-style"><b>8.2.1 style</b></a> attribute used
with both style definition elements as well as content elements.</p><p>In addition, this section specifies the following attributes in the TT Style Namespace
for use with style definition elements, certain layout elements, and content elements
that support inline style specifications:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><b>8.2.2 tts:backgroundColor</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-color"><b>8.2.3 tts:color</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-direction"><b>8.2.4 tts:direction</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-display"><b>8.2.5 tts:display</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-displayAlign"><b>8.2.6 tts:displayAlign</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-extent"><b>8.2.7 tts:extent</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><b>8.2.8 tts:fontFamily</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><b>8.2.9 tts:fontSize</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle"><b>8.2.10 tts:fontStyle</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight"><b>8.2.11 tts:fontWeight</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-lineHeight"><b>8.2.12 tts:lineHeight</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-opacity"><b>8.2.13 tts:opacity</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-origin"><b>8.2.14 tts:origin</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-overflow"><b>8.2.15 tts:overflow</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-padding"><b>8.2.16 tts:padding</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-showBackground"><b>8.2.17 tts:showBackground</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><b>8.2.18 tts:textAlign</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><b>8.2.19 tts:textDecoration</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><b>8.2.20 tts:textOutline</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-unicodeBidi"><b>8.2.21 tts:unicodeBidi</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><b>8.2.22 tts:visibility</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-wrapOption"><b>8.2.23 tts:wrapOption</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><b>8.2.24 tts:writingMode</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-zIndex"><b>8.2.25 tts:zIndex</b></a></p></li></ul><p>Unless explicitly stated otherwise, linear white-space (LWSP) may
appear between tokens of a value of a TT
Style or TT Style Extension
Property.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>This specification makes use of <em>lowerCamelCased</em> local
names for style attributes that
are based upon like-named properties defined by <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>.
This convention is likewise extended to token values of such
properties.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>A style property may be expressed as a specified attribute on any content
element type independently of whether the property applies to that
element type. This capability permits the expression of an inheritable
style property on ancestor elements to which the property
does not apply.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-style" id="style-attribute-style"/>8.2.1 style</h4><p>The <code>style</code> attribute is used
by referential style association
to reference one or more <code>style</code>
elements each of which define a
specified
style set.</p><p>The <code>style</code> attribute may be specified by an instance of the following
element types:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#styling-vocabulary-style"><code>style</code></a></p></li></ul><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>See the specific element type definitions that permit use of the
<code>style</code> attribute, as well as <a href="#semantics-style-association-referential"><b>8.4.1.2 Referential Styling</b></a> and <a href="#semantics-style-association-chained-referential"><b>8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling</b></a>, for
further information on its semantics.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-backgroundColor" id="style-attribute-backgroundColor"/>8.2.2 tts:backgroundColor</h4><p>The <code>tts:backgroundColor</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the background color of a region or an area generated by content flowed into a region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-backgroundColor" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<a href="#style-value-color">&lt;color&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>transparent</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>,
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>The <code>tts:backgroundColor</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-backgroundColor-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Background Color</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="306px 114px"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:backgroundColor="red"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="3px 40px"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1" <span class="strong">tts:backgroundColor="purple"</span> tts:textAlign="center"&gt;
  Twinkle, twinkle, little bat!&lt;br/&gt;
  How &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:backgroundColor="green"</span>&gt;I wonder&lt;/span&gt; where you're at!
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-backgroundColor-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Background Color</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/backgroundColor.png" alt="TTML backgroundColor style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-color" id="style-attribute-color"/>8.2.3 tts:color</h4><p>The <code>tts:color</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the foreground color of marks associated with an area generated by content flowed into a region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-color" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<a href="#style-value-color">&lt;color&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td>see prose</td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>The initial value of the <code>tts:color</code> property
is considered to be implementation dependent. In the absence of
end-user preference information, a conformant presentation processor
should use an initial value that is highly contrastive to the
background color of the root container region.</p><p>The <code>tts:color</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-color-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Color</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:color="white"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  In spring, when woods are &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:color="green"</span>&gt;getting green&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;br/&gt;
  I'll try and tell you what I mean.
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-color-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Color</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/color.png" alt="TTML color style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-direction" id="style-attribute-direction"/>8.2.4 tts:direction</h4><p>The <code>tts:direction</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the directionality of an embedding or override according to
the Unicode bidirectional algorithm.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-direction" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>ltr</code> |
<code>rtl</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td>
<code>ltr</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must ignore the attribute.</p><p>The <code>tts:direction</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-direction-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Direction</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="265px 84px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="5px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  Little birds are playing&lt;br/&gt;
  Bagpipes on the shore,&lt;br/&gt;
  &lt;span tts:unicodeBidi="bidiOverride" <span class="strong">tts:direction="rtl"</span>&gt;where the tourists snore.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-direction-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Direction</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<img src="images/direction.png" alt="TTML direction style property"/>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-display" id="style-attribute-display"/>8.2.5 tts:display</h4><p>The <code>tts:display</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines whether an element is a candidate for layout and composition
in a region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-display" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>auto</code> |
<code>none</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td>
<code>auto</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>,
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>If the value of this attribute is <code>auto</code>,
then the affected element is a candidate for region layout and
presentation; however, if the value is <code>none</code>, then the
affected element and its descendants must be considered ineligible for region
layout and presentation.</p><p>The <code>tts:display</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-display-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Display</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="369px 119px"
            tts:backgroundColor="black"
            tts:color="white"
            tts:displayAlign="before"
            tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;div region="r1"&gt;
  &lt;p dur="5s"&gt;
    [[[
    &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:display="none"</span>&gt;
      &lt;set begin="1s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:display="auto"</span>/&gt;
      Beautiful soup,
    &lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:display="none"</span>&gt;
      &lt;set begin="2s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:display="auto"</span>/&gt;
      so rich and green,
    &lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:display="none"</span>&gt;
      &lt;set begin="3s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:display="auto"</span>/&gt;
      waiting in a hot tureen!
    &lt;/span&gt;
    ]]]
  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-display-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Display</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<img src="images/display_0.png" alt="TTML display style property - [0,1)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/display_1.png" alt="TTML display style property - [1,2)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/display_2.png" alt="TTML display style property - [2,3)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/display_3.png" alt="TTML display style property - [3,4)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/display_4.png" alt="TTML display style property - [4,5)"/>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-displayAlign" id="style-attribute-displayAlign"/>8.2.6 tts:displayAlign</h4><p>The <code>tts:displayAlign</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the alignment of block areas in the block progression direction.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-displayAlign" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>before</code> |
<code>center</code> |
<code>after</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td>
<code>before</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>before</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:displayAlign</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-displayAlign-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Display Align</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="128px 66px" tts:origin="0px 0px"
       tts:backgroundColor="black" tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:displayAlign="before"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="192px 66px" tts:origin="128px 66px"/&gt;
       tts:backgroundColor="green" tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:displayAlign="after"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r3"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="128px 66px"/&gt; style tts:origin="0px 132px"
       tts:backgroundColor="black" tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:displayAlign="before"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r4"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="192px 66px" tts:origin="128px 198px"/&gt;
       tts:backgroundColor="green" tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:displayAlign="after"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;div&gt;
  &lt;p region="r1"&gt;I sent a message to the fish:&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p region="r2"&gt;I told them&lt;br/&gt; "This is what I wish."&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p region="r3"&gt;The little fishes of the sea,&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p region="r4"&gt;They sent an&lt;br/&gt; answer back to me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-displayAlign-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Display Align</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/displayAlign.png" alt="TTML displayAlign style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-extent" id="style-attribute-extent"/>8.2.7 tts:extent</h4><p>The <code>tts:extent</code> attribute is used to specify the
<em>width</em> and <em>height</em> of a region area
(which may be the root container region).</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-extent" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>auto</code> |
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>auto</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt</code></a>,
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>relative to width and height of root container region</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the value of this attribute consists of two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>
specifications, then they must be interpreted as <em>width</em>
and <em>height</em>, where the first specification is the
<em>width</em>, and the second specification is the
<em>height</em>.</p><p>If the value of this attribute is <code>auto</code>, then the initial value
of the style property must be considered to be the same as the root container extent.
</p><p>
The root container extent is determined either by a
<code>tts:extent</code> specified on the <code>tt</code> element, if
present, or by the external authoring context, if not present.
If
<code>tts:extent</code> is specified on the <code>tt</code> element,
then
the width and height
must be
expressed in terms of two
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specifications,
and
these specifications must be expressed as non-percentage,
definite lengths using pixel units.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>auto</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:extent</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-extent-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Extent</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:extent="330px 122px"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  'Tis the voice of the Lobster:&lt;br/&gt;
  I heard him declare,&lt;br/&gt;
  "You have baked me too brown,&lt;br/&gt;
  I must sugar my hair."
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-extent-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Extent</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/extent.png" alt="TTML extent style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-fontFamily" id="style-attribute-fontFamily"/>8.2.8 tts:fontFamily</h4><p>The <code>tts:fontFamily</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the font family from which glyphs are selected for glyph areas generated
by content flowed into a region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-fontFamily" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
(<a href="#style-value-familyName">&lt;familyName&gt;</a> | <a href="#style-value-genericFamilyName">&lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</a>)
(<code>","</code>
 (<a href="#style-value-familyName">&lt;familyName&gt;</a> | <a href="#style-value-genericFamilyName">&lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</a>))*
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>default</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The initial value, <code>default</code>, is a generic font family name, and is
further described in <a href="#style-value-genericFamilyName"><b>8.3.6 &lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</b></a> below.</p></div><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>If a specified font family is not available, then a
presentation processor must attempt to map the specified font family
to an available font family that has similar typographic
characteristics, or, in the absence of such a mapping, it must
interpret the font family as if the value <code>default</code> were
specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:fontFamily</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontFamily-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Font Family</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="474px 146px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;div region="r1"&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;
    "The time has come," the Walrus said,&lt;br/&gt;
    "to talk of many things:
  &lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p tts:textAlign="end" <span class="strong">tts:fontFamily="monospaceSerif"</span>&gt;
    Of shoes, and ships, and sealing wax,&lt;br/&gt;
    Of cabbages and kings,
  &lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;
    And why the sea is boiling hot,&lt;br/&gt;
    and whether pigs have wings."
  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontFamily-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Font Family</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/fontFamily.png" alt="TTML fontFamily style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-fontSize" id="style-attribute-fontSize"/>8.2.9 tts:fontSize</h4><p>The <code>tts:fontSize</code> attribute is used to specify a style property
that defines the font size for glyphs that are selected for glyph areas
generated by content flowed into a region, where font size is interpreted as a
scaling transform to the font's design EM square.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-fontSize" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>?
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>1c</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>relative to parent element's font size</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If a single <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> value is specified, then this length applies
equally to horizontal and vertical scaling of a glyph's EM square; if two
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> values are specified, then the first expresses the horizontal
scaling and the second expresses vertical scaling.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Use of independent horizontal and vertical font sizes is expected to be used
with cell based metrics in order to denote fonts that are two rows in height and
one column in width.</p></div><p>If horizontal and vertical sizes are expressed independently, then the
metrics of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> values must be the same.</p><p>The <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> value(s) used to express font size must be non-negative.</p><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>1c</code> were specified.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The expression <code>1c</code> means one cell, where <code>'c'</code> expresses
the <em>cell</em> length unit as defined by <a href="#style-value-length"><b>8.3.9 &lt;length&gt;</b></a>.</p></div><p>The <code>tts:fontSize</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontSize-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Font Size</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="299px 97px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:fontSize="18px"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  Then fill up the glasses&lt;br/&gt;
  with treacle and ink,&lt;br/&gt;
  Or anything else&lt;br/&gt;
  that is &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:fontSize="24px"</span>&gt;pleasant&lt;/span&gt; to drink.
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontSize-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Font Size</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/fontSize.png" alt="TTML fontSize style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-fontStyle" id="style-attribute-fontStyle"/>8.2.10 tts:fontStyle</h4><p>The <code>tts:fontStyle</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the font style to apply to glyphs that are selected for glyph areas generated
by content flowed into a region, where the mapping from font
style value to specific font face or style parameterization is not determined
by this specification.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-fontStyle" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>normal</code> |
<code>italic</code> |
<code>oblique</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>normal</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>Use of the value <code>oblique</code>
denote a shear transformation (at an unspecified
angle) in the inline progression dimension.</p><p>If a specified font style is not available, then a
presentation processor must attempt to map the specified font style
to an available font style that has similar typographic
characteristics, or, in the absence of such a mapping, it must
interpret the font style as if the value <code>normal</code> were
specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:fontStyle</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontStyle-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Font Style</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="331px 84px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  In autumn, when the leaves are brown,&lt;br/&gt;
  Take pen and ink, and &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:fontStyle="italic"</span>&gt;write it down.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontStyle-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Font Style</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/fontStyle.png" alt="TTML fontStyle style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p/></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-fontWeight" id="style-attribute-fontWeight"/>8.2.11 tts:fontWeight</h4><p>The <code>tts:fontWeight</code> attribute is used to specify a style property
that defines the font weight to apply to glyphs that are selected for glyph
areas generated by content flowed into a region, where the mapping from font
weight value to specific font face or weight parameterization is not determined
by this specification.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-fontWeight" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>normal</code> |
<code>bold</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>normal</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>If a specified font weight is not available, then a
presentation processor must attempt to map the specified font weight
to an available font weight that has similar typographic
characteristics, or, in the absence of such a mapping, it must
interpret the font weight as if the value <code>normal</code> were
specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:fontWeight</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontWeight-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Font Weight</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="376px 95px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  They told me you had been to her,&lt;br/&gt;
  &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:fontWeight="bold"</span>&gt;and mentioned me to him:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
  She gave me a good character&lt;br/&gt;
  &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:fontWeight="bold"</span>&gt;but said I could not swim.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-fontWeight-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Font Weight</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/fontWeight.png" alt="TTML fontWeight style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-lineHeight" id="style-attribute-lineHeight"/>8.2.12 tts:lineHeight</h4><p>The <code>tts:lineHeight</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the inter-baseline separation between line areas generated by content flowed into a region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-lineHeight" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>normal</code> |
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>normal</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>relative to this element's font size</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the value of this attribute is <code>normal</code>, then the
initial value of the style property must be considered to be the same
as the largest font size that applies to any
descendant element.</p><p>If specified as a <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>, then the length must
be non-negative.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>normal</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:lineHeight</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-lineHeight-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Line Height</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="255px 190px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontSize="16px"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:lineHeight="32px"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  He thought he saw an elephant,&lt;br/&gt;
  That practised on a fife:&lt;br/&gt;
  He looked again, and found it was&lt;br/&gt;
  A letter from his wife.&lt;br/&gt;
  "At length I realise," he said,&lt;br/&gt;
  "The bitterness of Life.
"&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-lineHeight-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Line Height</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/lineHeight.png" alt="TTML lineHeight style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table><p/></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-opacity" id="style-attribute-opacity"/>8.2.13 tts:opacity</h4><p>The <code>tts:opacity</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the opacity (or conversely, the transparency)
of marks associated with a region.</p><p>When presented onto a visual medium, the opacity of the region is applied uniformly and on a linear scale
to all marks produced by content targeted to the
region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-opacity" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<a href="#style-value-alpha">&lt;alpha&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td>
<code>1.0</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>An <a href="#style-value-alpha">&lt;alpha&gt;</a> value greater
than 1.0 must be considered equivalent to an <a href="#style-value-alpha">&lt;alpha&gt;</a> value of 1.0.</p><p>The <code>tts:opacity</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-opacity-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Opacity</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1" dur="5s"&gt;
  &lt;set begin="0s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:opacity="1.00"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;set begin="1s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:opacity="0.75"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;set begin="2s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:opacity="0.50"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;set begin="3s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:opacity="0.25"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;set begin="4s" dur="1s" <span class="strong">tts:opacity="0.00"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="304px 77px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  The sun was shining on the sea
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-opacity-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Opacity</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<img src="images/opacity_0.png" alt="TTML opacity style property - [0,1)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/opacity_1.png" alt="TTML opacity style property - [1,2)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/opacity_2.png" alt="TTML opacity style property - [2,3)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/opacity_3.png" alt="TTML opacity style property - [3,4)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/opacity_4.png" alt="TTML opacity style property - [4,5)"/>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-origin" id="style-attribute-origin"/>8.2.14 tts:origin</h4><p>The <code>tts:origin</code> attribute is used to specify the
<em>x</em> and <em>y</em> coordinates of the origin of a
region area with respect to the origin of the root container extent,
if specified, or the external authoring context, if not specified.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-origin" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>auto</code> |
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>auto</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>relative to width and height of root container region</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the value of this attribute consists of two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specifications,
then they must be interpreted as <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> coordinates, where the first specification
is the <em>x</em> coordinate, and the second specification is the <em>y</em> coordinate.</p><p>If the value of this attribute is <code>auto</code>, then the initial value
of the style property must be considered to be the same as the root container
origin.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>auto</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:origin</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-origin-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Origin</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:origin="40px 40px"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="308px 92px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  "To dine!" she shrieked in dragon-wrath.&lt;br/&gt;
  "To swallow wines all foam and froth!&lt;br/&gt;
   To simper at a table-cloth!"
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-origin-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Origin</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/origin.png" alt="TTML origin style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-overflow" id="style-attribute-overflow"/>8.2.15 tts:overflow</h4><p>The <code>tts:overflow</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines whether a region area is clipped or not if the descendant areas of the region overflow
its extent.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-overflow" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>visible</code> |
<code>hidden</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>hidden</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the value of this attribute is <code>visible</code>, then content should
not be clipped outside of the affected region, and region composition and layout
must be performed as if the region's width and height were
unconstrained,
but with
a well-defined origin.  If the value is <code>hidden</code>, then content should
be clipped outside of the affected region.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Unless a manual line break element <code>br</code> is used by the content author,
a paragraph of a given region will generate no more than one line area in that
region if the value of the <code>tts:overflow</code> style that applies to the
region is <code>visible</code> and if the applicable <code>tts:wrapOption</code>
style is <code>noWrap</code>.</p></div><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>hidden</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:overflow</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-overflow-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Overflow</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="232px 40px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 0px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="red"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="before"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontSize="18px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:wrapOption="noWrap"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:overflow="visible"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="232px 40px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 43px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="red"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="before"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontSize="18px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:wrapOption="noWrap"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:overflow="hidden"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  "But wait a bit," the Oysters cried,&lt;br/&gt;
  "Before we have our chat;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p region="r2"&gt;
  For some of us are out of breath,&lt;br/&gt;
  And all of us are fat!"
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-overflow-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Overflow</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/overflow.png" alt="TTML overflow style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the <code>tts:noWrap</code> is set to
<code>noWrap</code> to prevent automatic line wrapping (breaking);
if this were not specified, then overflow would occur in the block
progression direction as opposed to the inline progression direction.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-padding" id="style-attribute-padding"/>8.2.16 tts:padding</h4><p>The <code>tts:padding</code> attribute is used to specify padding (or inset)
space on all sides of a region area.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-padding" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> |
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> |
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> |
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>0px</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>relative to width and height of region</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the value of this attribute consists of one <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification,
then that length applies to all edges of the affected areas. If the value
consists of two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specifications, then the first applies to the
before and after edges, and the second applies to the start and end edges.
If three <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specifications are provided, then the first applies to the
before edge, the second applies to the start and end edges, and the third applies
to the after edge.
If four <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specifications are provided, then they apply to before, end,
after, and start edges, respectively.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>0px</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:padding</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-padding-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Padding</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="446px 104px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:padding="10px 40px"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1" tts:backgroundColor="red"&gt;
  Just the place for a Snark! I have said it twice:&lt;br/&gt;
  That alone should encourage the crew.&lt;br/&gt;
  Just the place for a Snark! I have said it thrice:&lt;br/&gt;
  What I tell you three times is true.
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>When rendering an area to which padding applies, the background color that
applies to the area is rendered into the padded portion of the area.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-padding-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Padding</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<img src="images/padding.png" alt="TTML padding style property"/>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-showBackground" id="style-attribute-showBackground"/>8.2.17 tts:showBackground</h4><p>The <code>tts:showBackground</code> attribute is used to specify
constraints on when the background color of a region is intended to be
presented.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-showBackground" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>always</code> |
<code>whenActive</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>always</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the value of this attribute is <code>always</code>, then the
background color of a region is always rendered when performing presentation
processing on a visual medium; if the value is <code>whenActive</code>,
then the background color of a region is rendered only when some
content is selected into the region.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>always</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:showBackground</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-showBackground-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Show Background</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 0px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="265px 100px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:showBackground="always"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="before"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="start"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="205px 60px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="290px 100px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="red"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="before"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="end"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:showBackground="whenActive"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-textAlign" id="style-attribute-textAlign"/>8.2.18 tts:textAlign</h4><p>The <code>tts:textAlign</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines how inline areas are aligned within a containing block area in the inline progression
direction.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-textAlign" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>left</code> |
<code>center</code> |
<code>right</code> |
<code>start</code> |
<code>end</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>start</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>start</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:textAlign</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-textAlign-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Text Align</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="355px 43px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 0px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:textAlign="start"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="355px 43px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 47px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:textAlign="end"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  Beware the Jabberwock, my son!&lt;br/&gt;
  The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p region="r2"&gt;
  Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun&lt;br/&gt;
  The frumious Bandersnatch!
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-textAlign-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Text Align</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/textAlign.png" alt="TTML textAlign style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-textDecoration" id="style-attribute-textDecoration"/>8.2.19 tts:textDecoration</h4><p>The <code>tts:textDecoration</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines a text decoration effect to apply to glyph areas or other inline
areas that are generated by content flowed into a region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-textDecoration" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>none</code> |
[ [
<code>underline</code> |
<code>noUnderline</code>
] || [
<code>lineThrough</code> |
<code>noLineThrough</code>
] || [
<code>overline</code> |
<code>noOverline</code>
] ]
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>none</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td><a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a></td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this
style property, each character child of a <code>p</code> element is
considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>none</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:textDecoration</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-textDecoration-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Text Decoration</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="385px 82px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 0px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="5px 2px"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:textDecoration="underline"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  The sea was wet&lt;span <span class="strong">tts:textDecoration="noUnderline"</span>&gt; as &lt;/span&gt;wet
  &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:textDecoration="noUnderline"</span>&gt;
    could be,&lt;br/&gt;
    The sand was dry as dry.&lt;br/&gt;
    &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:textDecoration="lineThrough"</span>&gt;There weren't any&lt;/span&gt;
    You &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:textDecoration="lineThrough"</span>&gt;couldn't&lt;/span&gt;
    could not see a cloud&lt;br/&gt;
    Because no cloud was in the sky.
  &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-textDecoration-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Text Decoration</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/textDecoration.png" alt="TTML textDecoration style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-textOutline" id="style-attribute-textOutline"/>8.2.20 tts:textOutline</h4><p>The <code>tts:textOutline</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines a text outline effect to apply to glyphs that are selected for glyph areas generated
by content flowed into a region.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-textOutline" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>none</code> |
<a href="#style-value-color">&lt;color&gt;</a>?
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>
<a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>?
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>none</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>relative to this element's font size</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>The value of this attribute consists of an optional <a href="#style-value-color">&lt;color&gt;</a> term
followed by one or two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> terms.  If a <em>color</em> term is
present, then it denotes the outline color; if no <em>color</em> term is
present, the computed value of the <code>tts:color</code> applies.  The first
<em>length</em> term denotes the outline thickness and the second length
term, if present, indicates the blur radius.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>none</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:textOutline</code> style is illustrated by the following
example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-textOutline-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Text Outline</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="transparent"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:textOutline="black 2px 0px"</span>/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontSize="24px"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p&gt;
  How doth the little crocodile&lt;br/&gt;
  Improve its shining tail,&lt;br/&gt;
  And pour the waters of the Nile&lt;br/&gt;
  On every golden scale!&lt;br/&gt;
  How cheerfully he seems to grin,&lt;br/&gt;
  How neatly spreads his claws,&lt;br/&gt;
  And welcomes little fishes in,&lt;br/&gt;
  With gently smiling jaws!
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-textOutline-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Text Outline</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/textOutline.png" alt="backgroundColor style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-unicodeBidi" id="style-attribute-unicodeBidi"/>8.2.21 tts:unicodeBidi</h4><p>The <code>tts:unicodeBidi</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines a directional embedding or override according to
the Unicode bidirectional algorithm.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-unicodeBidi" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>normal</code> |
<code>embed</code> |
<code>bidiOverride</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td>
<code>normal</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>normal</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:unicodeBidi</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-unicodeBidi-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Unicode Bidirectionality</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="265px 84px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="5px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  Little birds are playing&lt;br/&gt;
  Bagpipes on the shore,&lt;br/&gt;
  &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:unicodeBidi="bidiOverride"</span> tts:direction="rtl"&gt;where the tourists snore.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-unicodeBidi-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Unicode Bidirectionality</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<img src="images/unicodeBidi.png" alt="TTML unicodeBidi style property"/>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-visibility" id="style-attribute-visibility"/>8.2.22 tts:visibility</h4><p>The <code>tts:visibility</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines whether generated areas are visible or not when rendered on a visual
presentation medium.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-visibility" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>visible</code> |
<code>hidden</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td>
<code>visible</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>,
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>The <code>tts:visibility</code> style has no affect on content layout or
composition, but merely determines whether composed content is visible or not.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>visible</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:visibility</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-visibility-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Visibility</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="398px 121px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1" dur="4s"&gt;
  &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:visibility="hidden"</span>&gt;
    &lt;set begin="1s" <span class="strong">tts:visibility="visible"</span>/&gt;
    Curiouser
  &lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:visibility="hidden"</span>&gt;
    &lt;set begin="2s" <span class="strong">tts:visibility="visible"</span>/&gt;
    and
  &lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:visibility="hidden"</span>&gt;
    &lt;set begin="3s" <span class="strong">tts:visibility="visible"</span>/&gt;
    curiouser!
  &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-visibility-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Visibility</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<img src="images/visibility_0.png" alt="TTML visibility style property - [0,1)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/visibility_1.png" alt="TTML visibility style property - [1,2)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/visibility_2.png" alt="TTML visibility style property - [2,3)"/>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<img src="images/visibility_3.png" alt="TTML visibility style property - [3,4)"/>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-wrapOption" id="style-attribute-wrapOption"/>8.2.23 tts:wrapOption</h4><p>The <code>tts:wrapOption</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines whether or not automatic line wrapping (breaking) applies within the context of
the affected element.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-wrapOption" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>wrap</code> |
<code>noWrap</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>wrap</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property,
each character child of a <code>p</code> element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous
span.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>wrap</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:wrapOption</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-wrapOption-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Wrap Option</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="192px 117px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:displayAlign="after"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:overflow="hidden"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:wrapOption="noWrap"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p&gt;
  I'll tell thee everything I can:&lt;br/&gt;
  There's little to relate.&lt;br/&gt;
  I saw an aged aged man,&lt;br/&gt;
  A-sitting on a gate.
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-wrapOption-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Wrap Option</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/wrapOption.png" alt="TTML wrapOption style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-writingMode" id="style-attribute-writingMode"/>8.2.24 tts:writingMode</h4><p>The <code>tts:writingMode</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the block and inline progression directions to be used for the purpose of
stacking block and inline areas within a region area.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-writingMode" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>lrtb</code> |
<code>rltb</code> |
<code>tbrl</code> |
<code>tblr</code> |
<code>lr</code> |
<code>rl</code> |
<code>tb</code>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>lrtb</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>lrtb</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:writingMode</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-writingMode-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Writing Mode</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="50px 570px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 0px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="10px 3px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:writingMode="tbrl"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="310px 50px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="70px 120px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="10px 3px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:writingMode="rltb"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  I sometimes dig for buttered rolls,&lt;br/&gt;
  Or set limed twigs for crabs:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p region="r2" tts:direction="rtl" tts:unicodeBidi="bidiOverride"&gt;
  I sometimes search the grassy knolls for the wheels of Hansom-cabs.
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-writingMode-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Writing Mode</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/writingMode.png" alt="TTML writingMode style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the second paragraph in the above example that targets region
<code>r2</code>, the <code>tts:unicodeBidi</code> and
<code>tts:direction</code> properties are set to
<code>bidiOverride</code> and <code>rtl</code>, respectively, in order
to override the normally left-to-right directionality of characters in
the Latin script.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-attribute-zIndex" id="style-attribute-zIndex"/>8.2.25 tts:zIndex</h4><p>The <code>tts:zIndex</code> attribute is used to specify a style property that
defines the front-to-back ordering of region areas in the case that they overlap.</p><p>This attribute may be specified by any
element type
that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies
as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-property-details-zIndex" class="common"><col width="25%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><em>Values:</em></td><td>
<code>auto</code> |
<a href="#style-value-integer">&lt;integer&gt;</a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Initial:</em></td><td><code>auto</code></td></tr><tr><td><em>Applies to:</em></td><td>
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><em>Inherited:</em></td><td>no</td></tr><tr><td><em>Percentages:</em></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td><em>Animatable:</em></td><td>discrete</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If two areas are associated with the same Z-index value, then, if those areas
overlap in space, the area(s) generated by lexically subsequent elements must be
rendered over area(s) generated by lexically prior elements, where lexical
order is defined as the postorder traversal of a document
instance.</p><p>The semantics of the value <code>auto</code> are those defined by
<a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>, § 7.28.9, where the <code>tt</code> element
is considered to establish the root stacking context.</p><p>If a specified value of this attribute is not supported,
then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the
value <code>auto</code> were specified.</p><p>The <code>tts:zIndex</code> style is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-zIndex-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Z Index</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 0px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="400px 100px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="5px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:zIndex="0"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="100px 60px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="400px 100px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="5px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="red"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="end"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:zIndex="1"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r3"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="0px 120px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="400px 100px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="5px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:zIndex="2"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
&lt;region xml:id="r4"&gt;
  &lt;style tts:origin="100px 180px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:extent="400px 100px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:padding="5px"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="red"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="white"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:textAlign="end"/&gt;
  &lt;style <span class="strong">tts:zIndex="3"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p region="r1"&gt;
  I passed by his garden, and marked, with one eye,&lt;br/&gt;
  How the Owl and the Panther were sharing a pie.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p region="r2"&gt;
  The Panther took pie-crust, and gravy, and meat,&lt;br/&gt;
  While the Owl had the dish as its share of the treat.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p region="r3"&gt;
  When the pie was all finished, the Owl, as a boon,&lt;br/&gt;
  Was kindly permitted to pocket the spoon:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p region="r4"&gt;
  While the Panther received knife and fork&lt;br/&gt;
  with a growl,&lt;br/&gt;
  And concluded the banquet by...
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><p/><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-attribute-zIndex-example-1-images" class="example-images"><caption>Example Rendition – Z Index</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/zIndex.png" alt="TTML zIndex style property"/></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="styling-style-value-expressions" id="styling-style-value-expressions"/>8.3 Style Value Expressions</h3><p>Style property values include the use of the following expressions:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#style-value-alpha"><b>8.3.1 &lt;alpha&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-color"><b>8.3.2 &lt;color&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-digit"><b>8.3.3 &lt;digit&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-duration"><b>8.3.4 &lt;duration&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-familyName"><b>8.3.5 &lt;familyName&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-genericFamilyName"><b>8.3.6 &lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-hexDigit"><b>8.3.7 &lt;hexDigit&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-integer"><b>8.3.8 &lt;integer&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-length"><b>8.3.9 &lt;length&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-namedColor"><b>8.3.10 &lt;namedColor&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-quotedString"><b>8.3.11 &lt;quotedString&gt;</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-value-string"><b>8.3.12 &lt;string&gt;</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-alpha" id="style-value-alpha"/>8.3.1 &lt;alpha&gt;</h4><p>An &lt;alpha&gt; expression is used to express an opacity value,
where	0 means fully transparent and 1 means fully opaque.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="alpha-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;alpha&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;alpha&gt;
  : <em>float</em>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In the above syntax representation, the syntactic element
<em><code>float</code></em> must adhere to the lexical
representation defined by <a href="#xsd-2">[XML Schema Part 2]</a> §
3.2.4.1. If the value represented is less than 0.0,
then it must be interpreted as equal to 0.0; similarly, if the value
represented is greater than 1.0, then it must be interpreted as
1.0. The value NaN shall be interpreted as 0.0.</p><p>If a presentation processor does not support a specific,
valid opacity value, then it must interpret it as being equal to the
closest supported value.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-color" id="style-value-color"/>8.3.2 &lt;color&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;color&gt; expression is used to specify a named color, exact RGB color triple,
or exact RGBA color tuple, where the alpha component, if expressed,
is maximum (255) at 100% opacity
and minimum (0) at 0% opacity, and where the applicable color space is
defined by <a href="#srgb">[SRGB]</a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="color-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;color&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;color&gt;
  : "#" rrggbb
  | "#" rrggbbaa
  | "rgb" "(" r-value "," g-value "," b-value ")"
  | "rgba" "(" r-value "," g-value "," b-value "," a-value ")"
  | <a href="#style-value-namedColor">&lt;namedColor&gt;</a>

rrggbb
  :  <a href="#style-value-hexDigit">&lt;hexDigit&gt;</a>{6}

rrggbbaa
  :  <a href="#style-value-hexDigit">&lt;hexDigit&gt;</a>{8}

r-value | g-value | b-value | a-value
  : component-value

component-value
  : non-negative-integer                    // valid range: [0,255]

non-negative-integer
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>When expressing RGB component values, these values are considered
to <span class="strong">not</span> be premultiplied by alpha.</p><p>For the purpose of performing presentation processing such that
non-opaque or non-transparent alpha or opacity values apply, then the
semantics of compositing functions are defined with respect to the use of
the <a href="#srgb">[SRGB]</a> color space for both inputs and outputs of
the composition function.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The use of <a href="#srgb">[SRGB]</a> for the stated semantics of
composition is not meant to prevent an actual processor from using some
other color space either for internal or external purposes. For
example, a presentation processor may ultimately convert the SRGB values
used here to the YUV color space for rendition on a television device.</p></div><p>If a presentation processor does not support a specific,
valid color or alpha value, then it must interpret it as being equal
to the closest supported value.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-digit" id="style-value-digit"/>8.3.3 &lt;digit&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;digit&gt; is used to express integers and other types of numbers or tokens.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="digit-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;digit&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;digit&gt;
  : "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-duration" id="style-value-duration"/>8.3.4 &lt;duration&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;duration&gt; expression is used to express a temporal duration value.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="duration-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;duration&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;duration&gt;
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+ ( "." <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+ )? metric

metric
  : "s"                 // seconds
  | "ms"                // milliseconds
  | "f"                 // frames
  | "t"                 // ticks
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>It is an error to omit the metric component of a duration.</p><p>When operating with <code>smpte</code> time base and
<code>discontinuous</code> mode, a duration expression must be
considered to denote a duration in (local) real-time, independently of the
governing time base.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-familyName" id="style-value-familyName"/>8.3.5 &lt;familyName&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;familyName&gt; expression specifies a font family name.</p><p>If the name contains a quotation delimiter character,
then it must be expressed as a
&lt;quotedString&gt;. If the name contains a
whitespace character,
then it should be expressed as a
&lt;quotedString&gt;; however, if it is expressed as a &lt;string&gt;, then it
must not contain a <code>COMMA</code> ',' character.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="familyName-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;familyName&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;familyName&gt;
  : <a href="#style-value-string">&lt;string&gt;</a>
  | <a href="#style-value-quotedString">&lt;quotedString&gt;</a>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-genericFamilyName" id="style-value-genericFamilyName"/>8.3.6 &lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;genericFamilyName&gt; expression specifies a font family using a general
token that indicates a class of font families.</p><p>The resolution of a generic family name to a concrete font instance is considered to
be implementation dependent, both in the case of content authoring and content interpretation.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="genericFamilyName-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;genericFamilyName&gt;
  : "default"
  | "monospace"
  | "sansSerif"
  | "serif"
  | "monospaceSansSerif"
  | "monospaceSerif"
  | "proportionalSansSerif"
  | "proportionalSerif"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The mapping between a generic (font) family name and an actual font is not
determined by this specification; however, the
distinction of monospace versus proportional and serif versus sans-serif
should be maintained if possible when performing presentation.</p><p>If a generic (font) family name of <code>monospace</code> is specified,
then it may be interpreted as equivalent to either <code>monospaceSansSerif</code>
or <code>monospaceSerif</code>. The generic family names <code>sansSerif</code>
and <code>serif</code> are to be interpreted as equivalent to <code>proportionalSansSerif</code>
and <code>proportionalSerif</code>, respectively.</p><p>If the generic family name <code>default</code> is specified (or implied by
an initial value), then its typographic characteristics is considered to be implementation
dependent; however, it is recommended that this default font family be mapped to
an monospaced, sans-serif font.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-hexDigit" id="style-value-hexDigit"/>8.3.7 &lt;hexDigit&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;hexDigit&gt; is used to express integers and other types of numbers or tokens
that employ base 16 arithmetic.</p><p>For the purpose of parsing, no distinction must be made between lower and upper case.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="hexDigit-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;hexDigit&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;hexDigit&gt;
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>
  | "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f"
  | "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-integer" id="style-value-integer"/>8.3.8 &lt;integer&gt;</h4><p>An &lt;integer&gt; expression is used to express an arbitrary, signed integral value.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="integer-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;integer&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;integer&gt;
  : ( "+" | "-" )? <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-length" id="style-value-length"/>8.3.9 &lt;length&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;length&gt; expression is used to express either a coordinate component of point
in a cartesian space or a distance between two points in a cartesian space.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="length-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;length&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;length&gt;
  : scalar
  | percentage

scalar
  : number units

percentage
  : number "%"

sign
  : "+" | "-"

number
  : sign? non-negative-number

non-negative-number
  : non-negative-integer
  | non-negative-real

non-negative-integer
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+

non-negative-real
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>* "." <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+

units
  : "px"
  | "em"
  | "c"                                     // abbreviation of "cell"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>It is an error to omit the units component of a scalar length
value.</p><p>The semantics of
the unit of measure <code>px</code> (pixel) 
are as defined by <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>, § 5.9.13.</p><p>When specified relative to a font whose size is expressed as a single length
measure or as two length measures of equal length, the unit of measure <code>em</code> is considered to be
identical to that defined by <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>, § 5.9.13;
however, when specified relative to a font whose size is expressed as
two length measures of non-equal lengths, then one <code>em</code> is
equal to the inline progression dimension of the anamorphically
scaled font when used to specify lengths in the inline progression
direction and equal to the block progression dimension of the scaled
font when used to specify lengths in the block progression direction.</p><p>The semantics of the unit of measure <code>c</code> (cell) are
defined by the parameter <a href="#parameter-attribute-cellResolution"><b>6.2.1 ttp:cellResolution</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-namedColor" id="style-value-namedColor"/>8.3.10 &lt;namedColor&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;namedColor&gt; is used to express an RGBA color with a convenient name, and where the applicable color space is
defined by <a href="#srgb">[SRGB]</a>.</p><p>For the purpose of parsing, no distinction must be made between lower and upper case.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="namedColor-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;namedColor&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;namedColor&gt;
  : "transparent"                           // #00000000
  | "black"                                 // #000000ff
  | "silver"                                // #c0c0c0ff
  | "gray"                                  // #808080ff
  | "white"                                 // #ffffffff
  | "maroon"                                // #800000ff
  | "red"                                   // #ff0000ff
  | "purple"                                // #800080ff
  | "fuchsia"                               // #ff00ffff
  | "magenta"                               // #ff00ffff (= fuchsia)
  | "green"                                 // #008000ff
  | "lime"                                  // #00ff00ff
  | "olive"                                 // #808000ff
  | "yellow"                                // #ffff00ff
  | "navy"                                  // #000080ff
  | "blue"                                  // #0000ffff
  | "teal"                                  // #008080ff
  | "aqua"                                  // #00ffffff
  | "cyan"                                  // #00ffffff (= aqua)
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Except for <code>transparent</code>, the set of named colors specified above constitutes a proper
subset of the set of named colors specified by <a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a>, § 4.2.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-quotedString" id="style-value-quotedString"/>8.3.11 &lt;quotedString&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;quotedString&gt; is used to express a delimited string that may contain
a whitespace or a quotation delimiter character. Two types of quotation delimiters
are provided in order to accommodate strings that contain the other delimiter.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="quotedString-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;quotedString&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;quotedString&gt;
  : "\"" ( <em>char</em> - { "\"" } )* "\""
  | "\'" ( <em>char</em> - { "\'" } )* "\'"
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In the above syntax representation, the syntactic element <em><code>char</code></em> must adhere to production
[2] <code>Char</code> as defined by <a href="#xml10">[XML 1.0]</a> §
2.2.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="style-value-string" id="style-value-string"/>8.3.12 &lt;string&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;string&gt; expression consists of a sequence of characters where no character
is a quotation delimiter character.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="string-style-expression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;string&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;string&gt;
  : ( <em>char</em> - { "\"" | "\'" } )+
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In the above syntax representation, the syntactic element <em><code>char</code></em> must adhere to production
[2] <code>Char</code> as defined by <a href="#xml10">[XML 1.0]</a> §
2.2.</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="semantics-style-resolution" id="semantics-style-resolution"/>8.4 Style Resolution</h3><p>This section defines the semantics of style resolution in terms of
a standard processing model as follows:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-association"><b>8.4.1 Style Association</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-inheritance"><b>8.4.2 Style Inheritance</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolution-value-categories"><b>8.4.3 Style Resolution Value Categories</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing"><b>8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing</b></a></p></li></ul><p>Any implementation of this model is permitted provided that the
externally observable results are consistent with the results produced
by this model.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The semantics of style resolution employed here are based upon
<a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>, § 5.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-style-association" id="semantics-style-association"/>8.4.1 Style Association</h4><p>Style association is a sub-process of <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing"><b>8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing</b></a> used to determine the
specified style set of each content and
layout element.</p><p>Style matter may be associated with content
 and layout matter in a number of ways:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-association-inline">inline styling</a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-association-referential">referential styling</a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-association-chained-referential">chained referential styling</a></p></li></ul><p>In addition to the above, style matter may be associated with layout matter using:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-association-nested">nested styling</a></p></li></ul><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-association-inline" id="semantics-style-association-inline"/>8.4.1.1 Inline Styling</h5><p>Style properties may be expressed in an inline manner by direct
specification of an attribute from the TT Style Namespace on the
affected element. When expressed in this manner, the association of
style information is referred to as <em>inline styling</em>.</p><p>Style properties associated by inline styling are afforded a higher priority than all other
forms of style association.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-association-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example – Inline Styling</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;p <span class="strong">tts:color="white"</span>&gt;White 1 &lt;span <span class="strong">tts:color="yellow"</span>&gt;Yellow&lt;/span&gt; White 2&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the two text fragments <code>"White 1 "</code> and
<code>" White 2"</code>, which are interpreted as anonymous spans, are not
associated with a color style property; rather, they inherit their color style
from their parent <code>p</code> element as described in <a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-content"><b>8.4.2.1 Content Style Inheritance</b></a> below.  </p></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-association-referential" id="semantics-style-association-referential"/>8.4.1.2 Referential Styling</h5><p>Style properties may be expressed in an out-of-line manner and referenced by the
affected element using the <code>style</code> attribute. When expressed in this manner,
the association of style information is referred to as <em>referential styling</em>.</p><p>If a <code>style</code> attribute specifies multiple references, then those references are
evaluated in the specified order, and that order applies to resolution of the value of a
style property in the case that it is specified along multiple reference paths.</p><p>The use of referential styling is restricted to making
reference to <code>style</code> element descendants of a <code>styling</code>
element. It is considered an error to reference a <code>style</code>
element that is a descendant of a <code>layout</code> element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The use of referential styling encourages the reuse of style specifications while
sacrificing locality of reference.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>A single content element may be associated with style properties by a hybrid mixture of
inline and referential styling, in which case inline styling is given priority as described above
by <a href="#semantics-style-association-inline"><b>8.4.1.1 Inline Styling</b></a>.</p></div><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-association-example-2" class="example"><caption>Example – Referential Styling</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;style <span class="strong">xml:id="s1"</span> tts:color="white"/&gt;
&lt;style <span class="strong">xml:id="s2"</span> tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
...
&lt;p <span class="strong">style="s1"</span>&gt;White 1 &lt;span <span class="strong">style="s2"</span>&gt;Yellow&lt;/span&gt; White 2&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the two text fragments <code>"White 1 "</code> and
<code>" White 2"</code>, which are interpreted as anonymous spans, are not
associated with a color style property; rather, they inherit their color style
from their parent <code>p</code> element as described in <a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-content"><b>8.4.2.1 Content Style Inheritance</b></a> below.</p></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-association-chained-referential" id="semantics-style-association-chained-referential"/>8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling</h5><p>Style properties may be expressed in an out-of-line manner and may themselves reference
other out-of-line style properties, thus creating a chain of references starting at the
affected element. When expressed in this manner, the association of style information
is referred to as <em>chained referential styling</em>.</p><p>If the same style property is specified in more than one referenced
style 
set,
then the last referenced style
set
applies, where the order of application starts from
the affected element and proceeds to referenced style
sets,
and, in turn, to subsequent, recursively
referenced style
sets.</p><p>A loop in a sequence of chained style references must be considered an error.</p><p>The use of referential styling is restricted to making
reference to <code>style</code> element descendants of a <code>styling</code>
element. It is considered an error to reference a <code>style</code>
element that is a descendant of a <code>layout</code> element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The use of chained referential styling encourages the grouping of style specifications
into general and specific sets, which further aids in style specification reuse.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>A single content element may be associated with style properties by a hybrid mixture of
inline, referential styling, and chained referential styling, in which case inline styling is
given priority as described above by <a href="#semantics-style-association-inline"><b>8.4.1.1 Inline Styling</b></a>.</p></div><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-association-example-3" class="example"><caption>Example – Chained Referential Styling</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;style <span class="strong">xml:id="s1"</span> tts:color="white" tts:fontFamily="monospaceSerif"/&gt;
&lt;style <span class="strong">xml:id="s2"</span> <span class="strong">style="s1"</span> tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
...
&lt;p <span class="strong">style="s1"</span>&gt;White Monospace&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p <span class="strong">style="s2"</span>&gt;Yellow Monospace&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-association-nested" id="semantics-style-association-nested"/>8.4.1.4 Nested Styling</h5><p>Style properties may be expressed in an nested manner by direct specification of one or
more <code>style</code> element children of the affected element.
When expressed in this manner, the association of style information
is referred to as <em>nested styling</em>.</p><p>Style properties associated by nested styling are afforded a lower priority than inline
styling but with higher priority than referential styling.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-association-example-4" class="example"><caption>Example – Nested Styling</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
  <span class="strong">&lt;style tts:extent="128px 66px"/&gt;</span>
  <span class="strong">&lt;style tts:origin="0px 0px"/&gt;</span>
  <span class="strong">&lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;</span>
&lt;/region&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In this version of this specification, nested styling applies only
to the <code>region</code> element.</p></div></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-style-inheritance" id="semantics-style-inheritance"/>8.4.2 Style Inheritance</h4><p>Style inheritance is a sub-process of <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing"><b>8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing</b></a> used to determine the
specified style set of each content and
layout element.</p><p>Styles are further propagated to content matter
using:
</p><ul><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-content">content style inheritance</a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-content">region style inheritance</a></p></li></ul><p>For the purpose of determining inherited styles, the element hierarchy of
an intermediate synchronic document form of a TTML document instance must be used, where
such intermediate forms are defined by <a href="#semantics-region-layout-step-1"><b>9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction</b></a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The intermediate synchronic document form is utilized rather than
the original form in order to facilitate region inheritance
processing.</p></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-inheritance-content" id="semantics-style-inheritance-content"/>8.4.2.1 Content Style Inheritance</h5><p>Style properties are inherited from ancestor content elements
within an intermediate synchronic document
if a style property is not associated with a content element (or
an anonymous span) and the style property is designated as
inheritable.</p><p>If a style property is determined to require inheritance, then the inherited value must
be the value of the same named style property in the computed
style set of the
element's immediate ancestor element
within the applicable intermediate synchronic document.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-inheritance-example-2" class="example"><caption>Example – Content Style Inheritance</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;p <span class="strong">tts:fontFamily="monospaceSansSerif"</span>&gt;
  &lt;span tts:color="yellow"&gt;Yellow Monospace&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the <code>span</code> element that encloses the character items
<code>Yellow Monospace</code> is not associated with a <code>tts:fontFamily</code> style
property and this property is inheritable; therefore, the value of the
<code>tts:fontFamily</code> style
is inherited from the computed style
set of the ancestor <code>p</code> element,
and is added to the
specified
style
set of the <code>span</code> element.</p></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-inheritance-region" id="semantics-style-inheritance-region"/>8.4.2.2 Region Style Inheritance</h5><p>Style properties are inherited from a region element in the following case:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>if a style property <em>P</em> is not associated with
a content
element or an anonymous span <em>E</em> and the style
property is designated as inheritable, and</p></li><li><p>if that
style property <em>P</em> is in the computed style
set of region
<em>R</em>,
and</p></li><li><p>if that element <em>E</em> is flowed into (presented within) region
<em>R</em>.</p></li></ol><table summary="HTML Table" id="style-inheritance-example-3" class="example"><caption>Example – Region Style Inheritance</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region <span class="strong">xml:id="r1"</span>&gt;
  &lt;style tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
  &lt;style tts:fontFamily="monospaceSerif"/&gt;
&lt;/region&gt;
...
&lt;p <span class="strong">region="r1"</span>&gt;Yellow Monospace&lt;/p&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the anonymous span that encloses the character
items <code>Yellow Monospace</code> effectively inherits the <code>tts:color</code>
and <code>tts:fontFamily</code> styles specified on the <code>region</code>
element into which the <code>p</code> element is flowed (presented).</p></div></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-style-resolution-value-categories" id="semantics-style-resolution-value-categories"/>8.4.3 Style Resolution Value Categories</h4><p>During style resolution, layout, and presentation processing,
three categories of style property values are distinguished as
follows:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolved-value-category-specified">specified values</a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolved-value-category-computed">computed values</a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolved-value-category-actual">actual values</a></p></li></ul><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-resolved-value-category-specified" id="semantics-style-resolved-value-category-specified"/>8.4.3.1 Specified Values</h5><p>Values of style properties that are associated with or inherited
by an element or anonymous span are referred to as <em>specified values</em>. The
set of all specified style properties of a given element is referred to
as the <em>specified style set</em> of that element.</p></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-resolved-value-category-computed" id="semantics-style-resolved-value-category-computed"/>8.4.3.2 Computed Values</h5><p>When style properties are specified using relative value expressions,
such as a named color, a relative unit (e.g., cell), or a percentage, then
they need to be further resolved into absolute units, such as an RGB triple,
pixels, etc.</p><p>During the style resolution process, all specified style values are
reinterpreted (or recalculated) in absolute terms, and then recorded as
<em>computed values</em>. The
set of all computed style properties of a given element is referred to
as the <em>computed style set</em> of that element.</p><p>When a style value is inherited, either explicitly or implicitly, it
is the computed value of the style that is inherited from an ancestor
element. This is required since the resolution of certain relative units,
such as percentage, require evaluating the expression in the immediate
(local) context of reference, and not in a distant (remote) context of
reference where the related (resolving) expression is not available.</p></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-resolved-value-category-actual" id="semantics-style-resolved-value-category-actual"/>8.4.3.3 Actual Values</h5><p>During the actual presentation process, other transformations occur
that map some value expressions to concrete, physical values. For example,
the colors of computed style values are further subjected to closest color
approximation and gamma correction
during the display process. In addition, length value expressions that use
pixels in computed style values are considered to express logical rather than
physical (device) pixels. Consequently, these logical pixels are subject to
being further transformed or mapped to physical (device) pixels during
presentation.</p><p>The final values that result from the logical to device mapping
process are referred to as <em>actual values</em>.  The set of all
actual style properties of a given element is referred to as the
<em>actual style set</em> of that element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>More than one set of actual values may be produced during the
process of presentation. For example, a TTML presentation processor
device may output an RGBA component video signal which is then
further transformed by an NTSC or PAL television to produce a final
image. In this case, both color and dimensions may further be modified
prior to presentation.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In general, a TTML presentation processor will not have access
to actual style set values; as a consequence, no further use or reference
to actual values is made below when formally describing the style
resolution process.</p></div></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-style-resolution-processing" id="semantics-style-resolution-processing"/>8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing</h4><p>The process of style resolution is defined herein as the procedure
(and results thereof) for resolving (determining) the computed values
of all style properties that apply to content and layout elements:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-definitions"><b>8.4.4.1 Conceptual Definitions</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-sss"><b>8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-css"><b>8.4.4.3 Computed Style Set Processing</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-style-resolution-process-overall"><b>8.4.4.4 Style Resolution Process</b></a></p></li></ul><p>The process described here forms an integral sub-process of
<a href="#semantics-region-layout"><b>9.3 Region Layout and Presentation</b></a>.</p><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-resolution-processing-definitions" id="semantics-style-resolution-processing-definitions"/>8.4.4.1 Conceptual Definitions</h5><p>For the purpose of interpreting the style resolution processing
model specified below, the following conceptual definitions apply:</p><dl><dt class="label">[style property]</dt><dd><p>a style property, <em>P</em>, is considered to consist of a
tuple <code>[name, value]</code>, where the name of the
property is a tuple <code>[namespace value,
unqualified name]</code> and the value of the property is a
tuple <code>[category, type, value expression]</code></p><table summary="HTML Table" id="conceptual-definition-example-style-property" class="example"><caption>Example – conceptual style property</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
[
  ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "color"],
  ["specified", <em>color</em>, "red"]
]
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/></dd><dt class="label">[style (property) set]</dt><dd><p>a style (property) set consists of an unordered collection of style
properties, where no two style properties within the set have an
identical name, where by "identical name" is meant equality of
namespace value of name tuple and unqualified name of name tuple;</p><p>in a specified style (property) set, the category of each style
property is "specified"; a specified style (property) set of an
element <em>E</em> is referred to as <em>SSS(E)</em>;</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="conceptual-definition-example-specified-style-set" class="example"><caption>Example – conceptual (specified) style (property) set</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
{
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "backgroundColor"],
    ["specified", <em>color</em>, 0x00FF00 ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "color"],
    ["specified", <em>color</em>, "red" ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "fontSize"],
    ["specified", <em>length</em>, "1c" ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "lineHeight"],
    ["specified", <em>length</em>, "117%" ]
  ]
}
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>in a computed style (property) set, the category of each style
property is either "specified" or "computed"; a computed style (property) set of an element
<em>E</em> is referred to as <em>CSS(E)</em>;</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="conceptual-definition-example-computed-style-set" class="example"><caption>Example – conceptual (computed) style (property) set</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
{
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "backgroundColor"],
    ["specified", <em>color</em>, 0x00FF00 ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "color"],
    ["computed", <em>color</em>, 0xFF0000 ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "fontSize"],
    ["computed", <em>length</em>, "24px" ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "lineHeight"],
    ["computed", <em>length</em>, "28px" ]
  ]
}
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/></dd><dt class="label">[style (property) merging]</dt><dd><p>a style property <em>P<sub>new</sub></em> is merged into a
style (property) set, <em>SS</em>, as follows: if a style property
<em>P<sub>old</sub></em> is already present in <em>SS</em>
where the name of <em>P<sub>new</sub></em> is identical to the
name of <em>P<sub>old</sub></em>, then replace
<em>P<sub>old</sub></em> in <em>SS</em> with
<em>P<sub>new</sub></em>; otherwise, add
<em>P<sub>new</sub></em> to <em>SS</em>;</p></dd><dt class="label">[style (property) set merging]</dt><dd><p>a style (property) set <em>SS<sub>new</sub></em> is merged into
an existing style (property) set <em>SS<sub>old</sub></em> as
follows: for each style property <em>P<sub>new</sub></em> in
<em>SS<sub>new</sub></em>, merge <em>P<sub>new</sub></em> into
<em>SS<sub>old</sub></em>;</p></dd></dl></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-resolution-processing-sss" id="semantics-style-resolution-processing-sss"/>8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing</h5><p>The specified style set <em>SSS</em> of an element or
anonymous span <em>E</em>,
<em>SSS(E)</em>, is determined according to the following ordered
rules:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p><span class="strong">[initialization]</span> initialize
the specified style set <em>SSS</em> of <em>E</em> to the
empty set;</p></li><li><p><span class="strong">[referential and chained referential
styling]</span> for each <code>style</code> element <em>S<sub>REF</sub></em>
referenced by a <code>style</code> attribute specified on
<em>E</em>, and in the order specified in the <code>style</code>
attribute, then, if <em>S<sub>REF</sub></em> is a descendant
of a <code>styling</code> element,
merge the specified style set of
<em>S<sub>REF</sub></em>, <em>SSS(S<sub>REF</sub>)</em>, into
the specified style set of <em>E</em>,
<em>SSS(E)</em>;</p></li><li><p><span class="strong">[nested styling]</span> for each
nested <code>style</code> element child <em>S<sub>NEST</sub></em> of
<em>E</em>, and in the specified order of child elements, merge
the specified style set of <em>S<sub>NEST</sub></em>,
<em>SSS(S<sub>NEST</sub>)</em>, into the specified style set of
<em>E</em>, <em>SSS(E)</em>;</p></li><li><p><span class="strong">[inline styling]</span> for each
style property <em>P</em> expressed as a specified styling
attribute of <em>E</em>,
merge <em>P</em> into the specified style
set of <em>E</em>, <em>SSS(E)</em>;</p></li><li><p><span class="strong">[implicit inheritance]</span> if the
element type of <em>E</em> is not the styling element type
<code>style</code>, then for each inheritable style property
<em>P<sub>INH</sub></em> in the set of style properties defined
above in <a href="#styling-attribute-vocabulary"><b>8.2 Styling Attribute Vocabulary</b></a>, perform the
following ordered sub-steps:</p><ol class="enumla"><li><p>if <em>P<sub>INH</sub></em> is present in the specified
style set of <em>E</em>, <em>SSS(E)</em>, then continue to the
next inheritable style property;</p></li><li><p>if the element type of <em>E</em> is the layout element
type <code>region</code>, then set <em>P′</em> to the initial value of
property <em>P</em>, where the initial value of a property is
determined according to the specific property definition found above
in <a href="#styling-attribute-vocabulary"><b>8.2 Styling Attribute Vocabulary</b></a>;</p></li><li><p>if the element type of <em>E</em> is a content element
type or anonymous span, then set <em>P′</em> to the result of
looking up the value of <em>P</em> in the computed style set of
the immediate ancestor element of <em>E</em>, i.e.,
<em>CSS(PARENT(E))</em>;</p></li><li><p>if the value of <em>P′</em> is not undefined, then merge
<em>P′</em> into the specified style set of <em>E</em>,
<em>SSS(E)</em>.</p></li></ol></li></ol></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-resolution-processing-css" id="semantics-style-resolution-processing-css"/>8.4.4.3 Computed Style Set Processing</h5><p>The computed style set <em>CSS</em> of an element or
anonymous span <em>E</em>,
<em>CSS(E)</em>, is determined according to the following ordered
rules:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p><span class="strong">[resolve specified styles]</span>
determine (obtain) the specified style set <em>SSS</em> of
<em>E</em>, namely, <em>SSS(E)</em>, in accordance with
<a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-sss"><b>8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing</b></a>;</p></li><li><p><span class="strong">[initialization]</span>
initialize <em>CSS(E)</em> to a (deep) copy of
<em>SSS(E)</em>;</p></li><li><p><span class="strong">[filter]</span> if
<em>E</em> is a <code>style</code> element, then return
<em>CSS(E)</em> as the resulting computed style set without
further resolution; otherwise, continue with the next rule;</p></li><li><p><span class="strong">[relative value resolution]</span> for each
style property <em>P</em> in <em>CSS(E)</em>, where the value
type of <em>P</em> is relative, perform the following ordered
sub-steps:</p><ol class="enumla"><li><p>replace the relative value of <em>P</em> with an
equivalent, non-relative (computed) value;</p></li><li><p>set the category of <em>P</em> to "computed";</p></li></ol></li></ol><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>As a result of the filtering rule above, the computed style set of
a <code>style</code> element includes only specified values, in which case
relative value expressions remain relative; consequently, the
resolution of relative value expressions (that may be assigned by
means of referential style association) always takes place in the
context of a layout or content element which has a presentation
context, and not in the non-presentation, declaration context
of a referentiable <code>style</code> element.</p></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="semantics-style-resolution-process-overall" id="semantics-style-resolution-process-overall"/>8.4.4.4 Style Resolution Process</h5><p>The top-level style resolution process is defined as follows: using
a preorder traversal of each element and anonymous span,
<em>E</em>, of an intermediate synchronic document,
<em>DOC<sub>inter</sub></em>, perform the following ordered
sub-steps:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p><span class="strong">[filter]</span> if the element type
of <em>E</em> is not the styling element type <code>style</code>, is
not the layout element type <code>region</code>, and is not one of the
content element types <code>body</code>, <code>div</code>, <code>p</code>,
<code>span</code>, <code>br</code>, or anonymous span, then continue to the
next element in the preorder traversal;</p></li><li><p> <span class="strong">[resolve computed styles]</span>
determine (obtain) the computed style set <em>CSS</em> of
<em>E</em>, namely, <em>CSS(E)</em>, in accordance with
<a href="#semantics-style-resolution-processing-css"><b>8.4.4.3 Computed Style Set Processing</b></a>.</p></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="layout" id="layout"/>9 Layout</h2><p>This section specifies the <em>layout</em> matter of the core
vocabulary catalog, where
layout is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to
content and that denotes authorial intentions about the presentation of
that content.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The two layers of layout and style matter are considered to be independently
separable. Layout matter specifies one or more spaces or areas into
which content is intended to be presented, while style matter specifies the manner in
which presentation occurs within the layout.</p><p>In certain cases, a content author may choose to embed (inline) style matter directly
into layout or content matter. In such cases, an alternative 
exists – use of referential styling –
in which the style
matter is not embedded (inlined).</p></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="layout-element-vocabulary" id="layout-element-vocabulary"/>9.1 Layout Element Vocabulary</h3><p>The following elements specify the structure and principal layout aspects of a
document instance:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#layout-vocabulary-layout"><b>9.1.1 layout</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><b>9.1.2 region</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="layout-vocabulary-layout" id="layout-vocabulary-layout"/>9.1.1 layout</h4><p>The <code>layout</code> element is a container element used to group
layout matter, including metadata that applies to layout matter.</p><p>The <code>layout</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group, followed by
zero or more <code>region</code> elements.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-layout" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: layout</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;layout
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region">region</a>*
&lt;/layout&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>To the extent that time semantics apply to the content of the
<code>layout</code> element, the implied time interval of this element is
defined to be coterminous with the external time interval.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="layout-vocabulary-region" id="layout-vocabulary-region"/>9.1.2 region</h4><p>The <code>region</code> element is used to define a space or area into which content is
to be flowed for the purpose of presentation.</p><p>In addition, and in accordance with
<a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-region"><b>8.4.2.2 Region Style Inheritance</b></a>, 
the <code>region</code> element may be used to specify inheritable style properties to be
inherited by content that is flowed into it.</p><p>The <code>region</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group,
followed by zero or more
elements in the <code>Animation.class</code> element group,
followed by
zero or more <code>style</code> elements.</p><p>Any metadata specified by children in the <code>Metadata.class</code>
element group applies semantically to the <code>region</code> element and its descendants as a whole.
Any animation elements specified by children in the <code>Animation.class</code>
element group apply semantically to the <code>region</code> element.
Any <code>style</code> child element must be considered a local style
definition that applies only to the containing <code>region</code>
element, i.e., does not apply for resolving referential styling.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-region" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: region</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;region
  <a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#style-attribute-style">style</a> = IDREFS
  <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer">timeContainer</a> = (<em>par</em>|<em>seq</em>)
  <a href="#metadata-attribute-role">ttm:role</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*, <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Animation.class</a>*, <a href="#styling-vocabulary-style">style</a>*
&lt;/region&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If <code>begin</code> and (or) <code>end</code> attributes are specified on a
<code>region</code> element, then they specify the beginning and (or) ending points
of a time interval during which the region is eligible for activation and with
respect to which animation child elements of the region are timed.
If specified, these begin and end points are relative to the time
interval of the nearest ancestor element associated with a time
interval, irregardless of whether that interval is explicit or implied.</p><p>The nearest ancestor element of a <code>region</code> element that is associated
with a time interval is the document instance's root <code>tt</code> element.</p><p>If a <code>dur</code> attribute is specified on the <code>region</code> element, then it
specifies the simple duration of the region.</p><p>For the purpose of determining the semantics of presentation processing, a
region that is temporally inactive must not produce any visible marks when
presented on a visual medium.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>A <code>region</code> element may be associated with a time interval for two
purposes: (1) in order to temporally bound the presentation of the region and
its content, and (2) to provide a temporal context in which animations of region
styles may be effected.</p><p>For example, an author may wish a region that is otherwise empty, but
may have a visible background color to be presented starting at some time and
continuing over the region's duration.  The simple duration of the region serves
additionally to scope the presentation effects of content that is targeted to the
region. An author may also wish to move a region within the root container
extent or change a region's background color by means of animation effects. In
both of these cases, it is necessary to posit an active time interval for a
region.</p></div><p>If no <code>timeContainer</code> attribute is specified on
a <code>region</code> element, then it must be interpreted as having
<em>parallel</em> time containment semantics.</p><p>If a <a href="#metadata-attribute-role"><code>ttm:role</code></a> attribute is
specified on a <code>region</code> element, then it must adhere to the
value syntax defined by <a href="#metadata-attribute-role-syntax"><b>Syntax Representation – ttm:role</b></a>, and where the role(s) identified
by this attribute expresses the semantic role(s) of the region
independently from the semantic role(s) of any content targeted to
(associated with) the region.</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="layout-attribute-vocabulary" id="layout-attribute-vocabulary"/>9.2 Layout Attribute Vocabulary</h3><p>This section defines the <a href="#layout-attribute-region"><b>9.2.1 region</b></a> attribute used with content elements.</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="layout-attribute-region" id="layout-attribute-region"/>9.2.1 region</h4><p>The <code>region</code> attribute is used to reference a <code>region</code>
element which defines a space or area into which a content element is intended to be flowed.</p><p>The <code>region</code> attribute may be specified by an instance of the following
element types:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a></p></li></ul><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>See <a href="#semantics-region-layout"><b>9.3 Region Layout and Presentation</b></a> below for further information on content
flow in a region.</p></div></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="semantics-region-layout" id="semantics-region-layout"/>9.3 Region Layout and Presentation</h3><p>This section defines the semantics of region layout and
presentation in terms of a standard processing model as
follows:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#semantics-default-region"><b>9.3.1 Default Region</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-region-layout-step-1"><b>9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-region-layout-step-2"><b>9.3.3 Synchronic Flow Processing</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#semantics-region-layout-example"><b>9.3.4 Elaborated Example (Informative)</b></a></p></li></ul><p>Any
implementation is permitted provided that the externally observable
results are consistent with the results produced by this model.
</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-default-region" id="semantics-default-region"/>9.3.1 Default Region</h4><p>If a TTML document instance does not specify a
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element,
then a <em>default region</em> is implied with the following characteristics:</p><ul><li><p>the identity of the default region is considered to be anonymous;</p></li><li><p>the extent of the default region is the same as the root container
region;</p></li><li><p>the temporal interval of the default region is the same as temporal
interval of the document instance;</p></li></ul><p>Furthermore, if no <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element was
specified, then the <a href="#layout-attribute-region"><code>region</code></a> attribute must
not be specified on any content element in the document
instance.</p><p>If a default region is implied for a given document instance, then
the <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a> element
is implicitly targeted to (associated with) the default region.</p><p>When implying a default region, the document instance is to be
treated as if a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element and its
parent <a href="#layout-vocabulary-layout"><code>layout</code></a>
element were specified in a <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head"><code>head</code></a>
element, and a matching <a href="#layout-attribute-region"><code>region</code></a> attribute were
specified on the <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a> element
as shown in the following example:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="semantics-default-region-example" class="example"><caption>Example – Implied Default Region</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    <span class="strong">&lt;layout&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="anonymous"/&gt;
    &lt;/layout&gt;</span>
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body <span class="strong">region="anonymous"</span>/&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, a default <code>region</code> element and <code>region</code>
attribute are implied. In addition, a <code>layout</code> container element is implied for
the implied <code>region</code> element.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-region-layout-step-1" id="semantics-region-layout-step-1"/>9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction</h4><p>For the purposes of performing presentation processing, the active time
duration of a document instance is divided into a sequence of time coordinates where at
each time coordinate, some element becomes temporally active or inactive,
then, at each such time coordinate, a document
instance is mapped from its original, source
form, <em>DOC<sub>source</sub></em>, 
to an intermediate
synchronic document form,
<em>DOC<sub>inter</sub></em>, as follows:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>for each temporally active region <em>R</em>, replicate the
sub-tree
 of <em>DOC<sub>source</sub></em>
headed by the <code>body</code> element;</p></li><li><p>evaluating this sub-tree in a postorder traversal, prune elements if they
are not a content element, if they are temporally inactive, if they are empty,
or if they aren't associated with region <em>R</em>;</p></li><li><p>if the pruned sub-tree is non-empty, then reparent it to the <em>R</em>
element;</p></li><li><p>finally, after completing the above steps, prune the original <code>body</code>
element from the intermediate document, then prune all <code>region</code>,
<code>begin</code>, <code>end</code>, and <code>dur</code> attributes, which are no
longer semantically relevant;</p></li></ol><p>A content element is associated with a region according
to the following ordered rules, where the first rule satisfied
is used and remaining rules are skipped:</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>if the element specifies a <a href="#layout-attribute-region"><code>region</code></a> attribute,
then the element is associated with the region referenced by that
attribute;</p></li><li><p>if some ancestor of that element specifies a <a href="#layout-attribute-region"><code>region</code></a> attribute,
then the element is associated with the region referenced by the most
immediate ancestor that specifies this attribute;</p></li><li><p> if the element contains a descendant element that
specifies a <a href="#layout-attribute-region"><code>region</code></a> attribute,
then the element is associated with the region referenced by that
attribute;</p></li><li><p>if a default region was implied (due to the absence of any
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element),
then the element is associated with the default region;</p></li><li><p>the element is not associated with any region.</p></li></ol><p>The pseudo-code shown in <a href="#content-hierarchy-region-mapping"><b>Example – Content Hierarchy Region Mapping</b></a>
provides one possible algorithm that implements these processing steps.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="content-hierarchy-region-mapping" class="example"><caption>Example – Content Hierarchy Region Mapping</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
PREPARE-CONTENT ( D ) := 
  foreach R in SELECT ( D, "/tt/head/layout/region" )
    if TEMPORALLY-ACTIVE? ( R )
      APPEND-CHILDREN ( R, SELECT ( D, "/tt/body" ) )
      foreach E in POSTORDER-TRAVERSE ( R )
        if ! CONTENT-ELEMENT? ( E ) or ! TEMPORALLY-ACTIVE? ( E ) or EMPTY? ( E ) or REGION-OF ( E ) != R
            then PRUNE ( E )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "/tt/body" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@region" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@begin" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@end" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@dur" ) )
 
REGION-OF ( E ) :=
  if NULL? ( E )
    return NULL
  else if HAS-ATTRIBUTE? ( E, "region" )
    return VALUE-OF-ATTRIBUTE ( E, "region" )
  else
    return REGION-OF ( PARENT-OF ( E ) )
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The result of performing the processing described above will be a sequence of
<em>N</em> intermediate  synchronic
document instances,
<em>DOC<sub><span>inter<sub>0</sub></span></sub></em> …
<em>DOC<sub><span>inter<sub>N−1</sub></span></sub></em>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-region-layout-step-2" id="semantics-region-layout-step-2"/>9.3.3 Synchronic Flow Processing</h4><p>Subsequent to performing a temporal (synchronic) slice and subsequent
remapping of regionally selected content hierarchy, the resulting intermediate
synchronic document is subjected to a flow transformation step that produces 
a rooted flow object tree

equivalent to
an XSL FO document instance as defined by <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>,
and semantically extended by TTML specific style properties that have no XSL
FO counterpart.</p><p>Each intermediate synchronic  document produced by <a href="#semantics-region-layout-step-1"><b>9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction</b></a> is mapped 

to a styled document <em>F</em> consistent with an XSL FO document instance, as follows</p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>perform the following ordered sub-steps to create anonymous spans:</p><ol class="enumla"><li><p>for each significant text node in a content element,
synthesize an anonymous span to enclose the text node, substituting
the new anonymous span for the original text node child in its sibling
and parent hierarchy;</p></li><li><p>for each contiguous sequence of anonymous spans, replace the
sequence with a single anonymous span which contains a sequence of
text nodes representing the individual text node children of the
original sequence of anonymous spans;</p></li><li><p>for each span element whose child is a single anonymous span,
replace the anonymous span with its sequence of child text
nodes;</p></li></ol></li><li><p>resolve styles according to <a href="#semantics-style-resolution-process-overall"><b>8.4.4.4 Style Resolution Process</b></a>;</p></li><li><p>map the <code>tt</code> element to be equivalent to an <code>fo:root</code> element, populated
initially with an <code>fo:layout-master-set</code> element that contains a valid
<code>fo:simple-page-master</code> that, in turn, contains an
<code>fo:region-body</code> child, where the root container extent expressed on the
<code>tt</code> element is mapped to <code>page-width</code> and
<code>page-height</code> attributes on the <code>fo:simple-page-master</code>
element;</p></li><li><p>map the <code>layout</code> element to be equivalent to an <code>fo:page-sequence</code> element and a
child <code>fo:flow</code> element that reference the page master and page region
defined by the simple page master produced above;</p></li><li><p>map each non-empty <code>region</code> element to be equivalent to an <code>fo:block-container</code>
element with an <code>absolute-position</code> attribute with value
<code>absolute</code>, and where the region's position and extent are mapped to equivalent
<code>top</code>, <code>left</code>, <code>width</code>, and <code>height</code>
attributes;</p></li><li><p>for each <code>body</code>, <code>div</code>, and <code>p</code> element that is not
associated with a <code>tts:display</code> style property with the value
<code>none</code>, map the element to the equivalent of a distinct <code>fo:block</code> element,
populating the style properties of <code>fo:block</code> by using the computed
style set associated with each original TTML content element;</p></li><li><p>for the resulting <code>fo:block</code> formatting object equivalent
produced in the previous step that corresponds to the <code>body</code>
element, map to be equivalent to appending to the end of its children an empty
  <code>fo:block</code> with the following attributes:
<code>space-after.optimum</code>, <code>space-after.maximum</code>, and
<code>space-after.conditionality</code>, where the value of the former
two attributes is the height or width of the containing
<code>fo:block-container</code> element, whichever of these is designated
as the block progression dimension, and where the value of the last is
<code>retain</code>;</p></li><li><p>for each <code>span</code> element that is not
associated with a <code>tts:display</code> style property with the value
<code>none</code> and for each anonymous
span that is a child of a <code>p</code> or <code>span</code> element,
map the element or
sequence of character items to be equivalent to a distinct <code>fo:inline</code> element,
populating the style properties of <code>fo:inline</code> by using the computed
style set associated with each original TTML content element
or anonymous span;</p></li><li><p>for each <code>br</code> element that is not
associated with a <code>tts:display</code> style property with the value
<code>none</code>, map the element to be equivalent
to a distinct <code>fo:character</code> element having the following
properties:</p><ul><li><p><code>character="&amp;#x000A;"</code></p></li><li><p><code>suppress-at-line-break="retain"</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>for each TTML style property attribute in some computed
style set that
has no counterpart in <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>, map that attribute directly through
to the relevant formatting object produced by the input TTML content element to
which the style property applies;</p></li><li><p>optionally, synthesize a unique <code>id</code> attribute on each resulting
formatting object element that relates that element to the input element that
resulted in that formatting object element;</p></li></ol><p>For each resulting document instance F, if processing requires presentation on a 
  visual medium, then apply formatting and rendering semantics consistent with that 
  prescribed by <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In an XSL FO area tree produced by formatting <em>F</em> using 
an <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a> formatting processor, 
the <code>page-viewport-area</code>,
which is generated by <code>fo:page-sequence</code> element by
reference to the sole generated <code>fo:simple-page-master</code>
element, would correspond to the <em>root container region</em> defined
above in <a href="#definitions"><b>2 Definitions</b></a>.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>
  Due to the possible presence of TTML style properties or style property values
  in a given TTML document instance for which there is no <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a> counterpart,
  Implementors should recognize that it is the layout model of <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a> that is being referenced
  by this specification, not the requirement to use a compliant <a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a> formatting processor,
  since such would not necessarily be sufficient to satisfy the full presentation semantics
  defined by this specification, and would contain a large number of features not needed to
  implement the presentation semantics of TTML.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="semantics-region-layout-example" id="semantics-region-layout-example"/>9.3.4 Elaborated Example (Informative)</h4><p>An example of the processing steps described above is elaborated below, starting with <a href="#region-mapping-example-1-s"><b>Example – Sample Source Document</b></a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="region-mapping-example-1-s" class="example"><caption>Example – Sample Source Document</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;layout&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 100px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="red"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 300px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
    &lt;/layout&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body xml:id="b1"&gt;
    &lt;div xml:id="d1" begin="0s" dur="2s"&gt;
      &lt;p xml:id="p1" region="r1"&gt;Text 1&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;p xml:id="p2" region="r2"&gt;Text 2&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div xml:id="d2" begin="1s" dur="2s"&gt;
      &lt;p xml:id="p3" region="r2"&gt;Text 3&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;p xml:id="p4" region="r1"&gt;Text 4&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In the above document, the content hierarchy consists of two divisions, each
containing two paragraphs. This content is targeted (selected into) one of two
non-overlapping regions that are styled identically except for their position
and their foreground colors, the latter of which is inherited by and applies to
the (and, in this case, anonymous) spans reparented into the regions.</p><p>The following, first intermediate document shows the synchronic state at time
interval [0,1), during which time only division <code>d1</code> is temporally active,
and where paragraphs <code>p1</code> and <code>p2</code> (and their ancestors)
are selected into regions <code>r1</code> and <code>r2</code>, respectively.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The intermediate documents shown below are not valid TTML document instances,
but rather, are representations of possible internal processing states used for
didactic purposes.</p></div><table summary="HTML Table" id="region-mapping-example-1-i0" class="example"><caption>Example – Intermediate Document – [0s,1s)</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;layout&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 100px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="red"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;body xml:id="b1-1"&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d1-1"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p1"&gt;Text 1&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/body&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 300px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;body xml:id="b1-2"&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d1-2"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p2"&gt;Text 2&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/body&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
    &lt;/layout&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>
  
  An XSL FO document instance that would yield rendering consistent with TTML, and 
  which may be produced by performing flow processing upon the first intermediate 
  document is illustrated below.
</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="region-mapping-example-1-f0" class="example"><caption>Example – XSL FO Document – [0s,1s)</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"&gt;
  &lt;fo:layout-master-set&gt;
    &lt;fo:simple-page-master master-name="m1"
      page-width="640px" page-height="480px"&gt;
      &lt;fo:region-body/&gt;
    &lt;/fo:simple-page-master&gt;
  &lt;/fo:layout-master-set&gt;
  &lt;fo:page-sequence master-reference="m1"&gt;
    &lt;fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body"&gt;
      &lt;!-- region (r1) --&gt;
      &lt;fo:block-container id="r1" absolute-position="absolute"
        left="10px" top="100px" width="620px" height="96px"
        background-color="black" display-align="center"&gt;
        &lt;!-- body (b1) --&gt;
        &lt;fo:block id="b1-1"&gt;
          &lt;!-- div (d1) --&gt;
          &lt;fo:block id="d1-1"&gt;
            &lt;!-- p (p1) --&gt;
            &lt;fo:block id="p1" text-align="center"&gt;
              &lt;fo:inline font-size="40px" font-weight="bold"
              color="red"&gt;Text 1&lt;/fo:inline&gt;
            &lt;/fo:block&gt;
          &lt;/fo:block&gt;
          &lt;!-- body's space filler -&gt;
          &lt;fo:block
            space-after.optimum="96px"
            space-after.maximum="96px"
            space-after.conditionality="retain"/&gt;
        &lt;/fo:block&gt;
      &lt;/fo:block-container&gt;
      &lt;!-- region (r2) --&gt;
      &lt;fo:block-container id="r2" absolute-position="absolute"
        left="10px" top="300px" width="620px" height="96px"
        background-color="black" display-align="center"&gt;
        &lt;!-- body (b1) --&gt;
        &lt;fo:block id="b1-2"&gt;
          &lt;!-- div (d1) --&gt;
          &lt;fo:block id="d1-2"&gt;
            &lt;!-- p (p2) --&gt;
            &lt;fo:block id="p2" text-align="center"&gt;
              &lt;fo:inline font-size="40px" font-weight="bold"
              color="yellow"&gt;Text 2&lt;/fo:inline&gt;
            &lt;/fo:block&gt;
          &lt;/fo:block&gt;
          &lt;!-- body's space filler -&gt;
          &lt;fo:block
            space-after.optimum="96px"
            space-after.maximum="96px"
            space-after.conditionality="retain"/&gt;
        &lt;/fo:block&gt;
      &lt;/fo:block-container&gt;
    &lt;/fo:flow&gt;
  &lt;/fo:page-sequence&gt;
&lt;/fo:root&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The following, second intermediate document shows the synchronic state at
time interval [1,2), at which time both divisions <code>d1</code> and
<code>d2</code> are temporally active, and where paragraphs <code>p1</code> and
<code>p4</code> (and their ancestors) are selected into region <code>r1</code>
and paragraphs <code>p2</code> and <code>p3</code> (and their ancestors) are
selected into region <code>r2</code>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="region-mapping-example-1-i1" class="example"><caption>Example – Intermediate Document – [1s,2s)</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;layout&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 100px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="red"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;body xml:id="b1-1"&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d1-1"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p1"&gt;Text 1&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d2-1"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p4"&gt;Text 4&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/body&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 300px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;body xml:id="b1-2"&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d1-2"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p2"&gt;Text 2&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d2-2"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p3"&gt;Text 3&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/body&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
    &lt;/layout&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The following, third intermediate document shows the synchronic state at time
interval [2,3), at which time only division <code>d2</code> is temporally active,
and where paragraphs <code>p4</code> and <code>p3</code> (and their ancestors)
are selected into regions <code>r1</code> and <code>r2</code>, respectively.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="region-mapping-example-1-i2" class="example"><caption>Example – Intermediate Document – [2s,3s)</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;layout&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r1"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 100px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="red"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;body xml:id="b1-1"&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d2-1"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p4"&gt;Text 4&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/body&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
      &lt;region xml:id="r2"&gt;
        &lt;style tts:origin="10px 300px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:extent="620px 96px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontSize="40px"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:fontWeight="bold"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:backgroundColor="black"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:color="yellow"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:textAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;style tts:displayAlign="center"/&gt;
        &lt;body xml:id="b1-2"&gt;
          &lt;div xml:id="d2-2"&gt;
            &lt;p xml:id="p3"&gt;Text 3&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/body&gt;
      &lt;/region&gt;
    &lt;/layout&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="semantics-line-layout" id="semantics-line-layout"/>9.4 Line Layout</h3><p>If a profile that applies to a document instance
requires use of the <a href="#feature-lineBreak-uax14">#lineBreak-uax14</a> feature
(i.e., the value attribute for the feature is specified as <code>use</code>), then
the recommendations defined by <a href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr14/#Algorithm">Line
Breaking Algorithm</a> <a href="#uax14">[UAX14]</a> apply when performing
line layout on the content of the document instance.</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="timing" id="timing"/>10 Timing</h2><p>This section specifies the <em>timing</em> matter of the core
vocabulary catalog, where
timing is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to
content and that denotes authorial intentions about the temporal presentation of
that content.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="timing-element-vocabulary" id="timing-element-vocabulary"/>10.1 Timing Element Vocabulary</h3><p>No timing related element vocabulary is defined for use in the core
vocabulary catalog.</p></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="timing-attribute-vocabulary" id="timing-attribute-vocabulary"/>10.2 Timing Attribute Vocabulary</h3><p>This section defines the following basic timing attributes for use with timed elements:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#timing-attribute-begin"><b>10.2.1 begin</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#timing-attribute-end"><b>10.2.2 end</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#timing-attribute-dur"><b>10.2.3 dur</b></a></p></li></ul><p>In addition, this section defines the <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer"><b>10.2.4 timeContainer</b></a> attribute for use with timed elements
that serve simultaneously as timing containers.</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="timing-attribute-begin" id="timing-attribute-begin"/>10.2.1 begin</h4><p>The <code>begin</code> attribute is used to specify the begin
point of a temporal interval associated with a timed element. If
specified, the value of a <code>begin</code> attribute must adhere to
a &lt;timeExpression&gt; specification as defined by <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression"><b>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</b></a>.</p><p>The begin point of a temporal interval is included in the
interval; i.e., the interval is left-wise closed.</p><p>The semantics of the <code>begin</code> attribute are those defined
by <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>, § 10.4.1,
while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="timing-attribute-end" id="timing-attribute-end"/>10.2.2 end</h4><p>The <code>end</code> attribute is used to specify the ending point
of a temporal interval associated with a timed element. If
specified, the value of an <code>end</code> attribute must adhere to a
&lt;timeExpression&gt; specification as defined by <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression"><b>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</b></a>.</p><p>The ending point of a temporal interval is not included in the
interval; i.e., the interval is right-wise open.</p><p>The presentation effects of a non-empty active
temporal interval include the frame immediately prior to the frame
(or tick) equal to or immediately following the time specified by the ending
point, but do not extend into this latter frame (or tick).</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>For example, if an active interval is [10s,10.33333s), and the
frame rate is 30 frames per second, then the presentation effects of the interval
are limited to frames 300 through 309 only (assuming that 0s corresponds
with frame 0). The same holds if the active interval is specified
as [300f,310f).</p></div><p>The semantics of the <code>end</code> attribute are those defined
by <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>, § 10.4.1,
while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="timing-attribute-dur" id="timing-attribute-dur"/>10.2.3 dur</h4><p>The <code>dur</code> attribute is used to specify the duration of a
temporal interval associated with a timed element. If specified,
the value of a <code>dur</code> attribute must adhere to a
&lt;timeExpression&gt; specification as defined by <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression"><b>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</b></a>.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>When the <code>clock-time</code> form of a &lt;timeExpression&gt; specification
is used with a <code>dur</code> attribute, it is intended to be interpreted as
a difference between two implied clock time expressions.</p></div><p>When a TTML document instance specifies the use of the
<code>smpte</code> time base and <code>discontinuous</code> marker
mode, the <code>dur</code> attribute must not be specified on any
element.</p><p>The semantics of the <code>dur</code> attribute are those defined
by <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>, § 10.4.1,
while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the context of the subset of <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a> semantics supported by
this specification, the active duration of an element that specifies both
<code>end</code> and <code>dur</code> attributes is equal to the lesser of the value of
the <code>dur</code> attribute and the difference between the value of the
<code>end</code> attribute and the element's begin time.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="timing-attribute-timeContainer" id="timing-attribute-timeContainer"/>10.2.4 timeContainer</h4><p>The <code>timeContainer</code> attribute is used to specify a local temporal
context by means of which timed child elements are temporally situated.</p><p>If specified, the value of a <code>timeContainer</code> attribute must be one
of the following:</p><ul><li><p><code>par</code></p></li><li><p><code>seq</code></p></li></ul><p>If the time container semantics of an element instance is <code>par</code>,
then the temporal intervals of child elements are considered to apply in
parallel, i.e., simultaneously in time. Furthermore, the specification of
the time interval of each child element is considered to be relative to the temporal
interval of the container element instance.</p><p>If the time container semantics of an element instance is <code>seq</code>,
then the temporal intervals of child elements are considered to apply in
sequence, i.e., sequentially in time. Furthermore, the specification of
the time interval of each child element is considered to be relative to the temporal
interval of its sibling elements, unless it is the first child element, in which case
it is considered to be relative to the temporal interval of the container
element instance.</p><p>Each time container is considered to constitute an independent time base, i.e.,
time coordinate system.</p><p>If a <code>timeContainer</code> attribute is not specified on an element that
has time container semantics, then <code>par</code> time container semantics must apply.</p><p>Time container semantics applies only to the following element types:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a></p></li></ul><p>The semantics of parallel and sequential time
containment are those defined by <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>, § 10.3.2,
while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="timing-time-value-expressions" id="timing-time-value-expressions"/>10.3 Time Value Expressions</h3><p>Timing attribute values include the use of the following expressions:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#timing-value-timeExpression"><b>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="timing-value-timeExpression" id="timing-value-timeExpression"/>10.3.1 &lt;timeExpression&gt;</h4><p>A &lt;timeExpression&gt; is used to specify a coordinate along
some time base, where the applicable time base is determined by the
<code>ttp:timeBase</code> parameter.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>See <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><b>6.2.11 ttp:timeBase</b></a>, <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate"><b>6.2.4 ttp:frameRate</b></a>, <a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate"><b>6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate</b></a>, and <a href="#parameter-attribute-tickRate"><b>6.2.10 ttp:tickRate</b></a> for further information on
explicit specification of time base, frame rate, sub-frame rate, and
tick rate.</p></div><table summary="HTML Table" id="timeExpression-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – &lt;timeExpression&gt;</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;timeExpression&gt;
  : clock-time
  | offset-time

clock-time
  : hours ":" minutes ":" seconds ( fraction | ":" frames ( "." sub-frames )? )?

offset-time
  : time-count fraction? metric

hours
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>
  | <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+

minutes | seconds
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>

frames
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>
  | <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a> <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+

sub-frames
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+

fraction
  : "." <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+

time-count
  : <a href="#style-value-digit">&lt;digit&gt;</a>+

metric
  : "h"                 // hours
  | "m"                 // minutes
  | "s"                 // seconds
  | "ms"                // milliseconds
  | "f"                 // frames
  | "t"                 // ticks
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If a &lt;timeExpression&gt; is expressed in terms of a
<em>clock-time</em>, then leading zeroes are used when expressing hours,
minutes, seconds, and frames less than 10. Minutes are constrained to the range
[0…59], while seconds are constrained to [0…60], where the value 60
applies only to leap seconds.</p><p>If a &lt;timeExpression&gt; is expressed in terms of a
<em>clock-time</em> and a <em>frames</em> term is specified,
then the value of this term must be constrained to the interval
[0…<em>F-1</em>], where <em>F</em> is the frame rate
determined by the <code>ttp:frameRate</code> parameter as defined
by <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate"><b>6.2.4 ttp:frameRate</b></a>.</p><p>If a &lt;timeExpression&gt; is expressed in terms of a
<em>clock-time</em> and a <em>sub-frames</em> term is
specified, then the value of this term must be constrained to the
interval [0…<em>S-1</em>], where <em>S</em> is the
sub-frame rate determined by the <code>ttp:subFrameRate</code> parameter as defined by <a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate"><b>6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate</b></a>.</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="timing-time-intervals" id="timing-time-intervals"/>10.4 Time Intervals</h3><p>The semantics of time containment, durations, and intervals defined by
<a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a> apply to the interpretation of like-named timed elements and timing
vocabulary defined by this specification, given the following
constraints:</p><ul><li><p>The implicit duration of

an anonymous span

is defined as follows: if
the

anonymous span's

parent time container is a parallel time container, then
the implicit duration is equivalent to the <code>indefinite</code>
duration value as defined by <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>; if the

anonymous span's

parent time container is a sequential time container, then the
implicit duration is equivalent to zero.</p></li><li><p>The implicit duration of a <code>body</code>, <code>div</code>, <code>p</code>,
or <code>span</code> element is determined in accordance to (1) whether
the element is a parallel or sequential time container, and (2) the
semantics of <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a> as applied to these time
containers.</p></li><li><p>The implicit duration of the <code>region</code> element is defined to
be equivalent to the <code>indefinite</code>
duration value as defined by <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>.</p></li><li><p>If the governing time mode is <code>media</code> or
<code>smpte</code> with mode <code>continuous</code>, then time
expressions must be interpreted as
equivalent to offset based timing
in <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>, namely, as offsets from an implicit
syncbase.</p></li><li><p>If the governing time mode is <code>smpte</code> with mode
<code>discontinuous</code>, then time expressions must be interpreted
as equivalent to marker values produced by an external marker event
source, in which case all time expressions are equivalent to event
based timing in <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>.</p></li><li><p>If the governing time mode is <code>clock</code>, then time
expressions must be interpreted as equivalent to wallclock time
expressions in <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>, where the applicable wallclock
used is determined by the clock mode parameter.</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="animation" id="animation"/>11 Animation</h2><p>This section specifies the <em>animation</em> matter of the
core vocabulary catalog, where
animation is to be understood as a separable layer of information that combines
timing and styling in order to denote authorial intention about (temporally) dynamic
styling of content.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="animation-element-vocabulary" id="animation-element-vocabulary"/>11.1 Animation Element Vocabulary</h3><p>The following elements specify the structure and principal animation aspects of a
document instance:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#animation-vocabulary-set"><b>11.1.1 set</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="animation-vocabulary-set" id="animation-vocabulary-set"/>11.1.1 set</h4><p>The <code>set</code> element is used as a child element of a content
element or a <code>region</code> element
in order to express a discrete change of some style parameter value
that applies over some time interval.</p><p>The <code>set</code> element accepts as its children zero or more
elements in the <code>Metadata.class</code> element group.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-set" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: set</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;set
  <a href="#timing-attribute-begin">begin</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-dur">dur</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#timing-attribute-end">end</a> = <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a>
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>a single attribute in TT Style namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#element-vocab-group-table">Metadata.class</a>*
&lt;/set&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The use of multiple <code>set</code> element children may be used to effect fade and
position transitions.</p></div><p>An example of using the <code>set</code> element to animate content
styling is illustrated below:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="animation-vocabulary-set-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Content Style Animation</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
...
&lt;p dur="5s" tts:color="yellow"&gt;
<span class="strong">&lt;set begin="1s" dur="1s" tts:color="red"/&gt;</span>
<span class="strong">&lt;set begin="2s" dur="1s" tts:color="green"/&gt;</span>
<span class="strong">&lt;set begin="3s" dur="1s" tts:color="red"/&gt;</span>
Text with Flashing Colors!
&lt;/p&gt;
...
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the foreground color of the content "Text
with Flashing Colors" is animated from yellow, to red, to green, to
red, then back to yellow over a 5 second period.</p></div><p>An example of using the <code>set</code> element to animate region
styling is illustrated below:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="animation-vocabulary-set-example-2" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Region Style Animation</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
    xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
    xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    ttp:cellResolution="40 16"&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
      &lt;layout&gt;
	&lt;region xml:id="r1" timeContainer="seq"&gt;
	  <span class="strong">&lt;set dur="10s" tts:origin=" 8c 14c"/&gt;</span>
	  <span class="strong">&lt;set dur="2s"  tts:origin=" 2c  2c"/&gt;</span>
	  <span class="strong">&lt;set dur="3s"  tts:origin=" 8c 14c"/&gt;</span>
	  <span class="strong">&lt;set dur="2s"  tts:origin="14c  4c"/&gt;</span>
	  <span class="strong">&lt;set dur="10s" tts:origin=" 8c 14c"/&gt;</span>
	  &lt;style tts:extent="24c 2c"/&gt;
	&lt;/region&gt;
      &lt;/layout&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body region="r1"&gt;...&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, the root container region is divided into a
cell grid of 40 columns and 16 rows. A region, <code>r1</code>, with
dimensions of 24 columns and 2 rows is then positioned within the
root container region, with its position varying over time in order to
create an effect of moving the region, which may be desirable so as
to avoid obscuring characters in an underlying video with captions.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The semantics of the <code>set</code> element
are based upon that defined by <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a>,
§ 3.5.2.</p></div></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="animation-attribute-vocabulary" id="animation-attribute-vocabulary"/>11.2 Animation Attribute Vocabulary</h3><p>No animation related attribute vocabulary is defined for use in the
core vocabulary catalog.</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="metadata" id="metadata"/>12 Metadata</h2><p>This section specifies the <em>metadata</em> matter of the core
vocabulary catalog, where
metadata is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to
parameters, content,
style, layout, timing, and even metadata itself, where the information
represented by metadata takes one of two forms: (1) metadata defined by this
specification for standardized use in a document instance, and (2) arbitrary
metadata defined outside of the scope of this specification, whose use and
semantics depend entirely upon an application's use of TTML content.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="metadata-element-vocabulary" id="metadata-element-vocabulary"/>12.1 Metadata Element Vocabulary</h3><p>The <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata"><b>12.1.1 metadata</b></a> element serves as
a generic container element for grouping metadata information.</p><p>In addition, the following elements, all defined in the TT Metadata Namespace,
provide standard representations for common metadata that is expected to be commonly
used in a document instances:
</p><ul><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><b>12.1.2 ttm:title</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-desc"><b>12.1.3 ttm:desc</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-copyright"><b>12.1.4 ttm:copyright</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-agent"><b>12.1.5 ttm:agent</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-name"><b>12.1.6 ttm:name</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-actor"><b>12.1.7 ttm:actor</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-vocabulary-metadata" id="metadata-vocabulary-metadata"/>12.1.1 metadata</h4><p>The <code>metadata</code> element functions as a generic container for metadata
information.</p><p>Metadata information may be expressed by a <code>metadata</code> element
in one of two (non-mutually exclusive) manners: (1) by specifying one
or more metadata attributes on the <code>metadata</code>
element, and (2) by specifying one
or more child elements
in the <code>metadata</code> element
that express metadata. Both types of metadata
are referred to in this document as <em>metadata items</em>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-metadata" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: metadata</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;metadata
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute in TT Metadata namespace</em>}
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> ({<em>any element in TT Metadata namespace</em>}|{<em>any element not in any TT namespace</em>})*
&lt;/metadata&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>The meaning of a specific metadata item must be evaluated in the
context of where it appears. The core vocabulary catalog permits an
arbitrary number of <code>metadata</code> element children of any
content element type except for the
<code>tt</code> element. See specific element
vocabulary definitions for any constraints that apply to such
usage.</p></div><p>The use of document metadata is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Document Metadata</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
...
&lt;head&gt;
  &lt;metadata xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"&gt;
    &lt;ttm:title&gt;Document Metadata Example&lt;/ttm:title&gt;
    &lt;ttm:desc&gt;This document employs document metadata.&lt;/ttm:desc&gt;
  &lt;/metadata&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
...
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><p>The use of element metadata is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-2" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Element Metadata</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
...
&lt;div&gt;
  &lt;metadata xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"&gt;
    &lt;ttm:title&gt;Chapter 6 – Sherlock Holmes Gives a Demonstration&lt;/ttm:title&gt;
    &lt;ttm:desc&gt;Holmes shows Watson how the murderer entered the window.&lt;/ttm:desc&gt;
  &lt;/metadata&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
...
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p/><p>The use of metadata attribute items is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-3" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Foreign Metadata Attribute Items</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
...
&lt;div xmlns:ext="http://foo.bar.example.org/ttaf1#metadata"&gt;
  &lt;metadata ext:ednote="remove this division prior to publishing"/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
...
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, a global attribute from a foreign (external)
namespace is used to express a metadata attribute that applies
semantically to the containing <code>div</code> element. Note that the
attribute may also be expressed directly on the <code>div</code> element;
however, in this case the author wishes to segregate certain metadata
attributes by expressing them indirectly on <code>metadata</code>
elements.</p></div><p/><p>The use of foreign element metadata is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-4" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Foreign Element Metadata</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
...
&lt;metadata
  xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
  xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"&gt;
  &lt;dc:title&gt;Foreign Element Metadata Example&lt;/dc:title&gt;
  &lt;dc:description&gt;Express metadata using elements in foreign namespace.&lt;/dc:description&gt;
  &lt;dc:format xsi:type="dcterms:IMT"&gt;application/ttml+xml&lt;/dc:format&gt;
&lt;/metadata&gt;
...
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, a number of elements defined by the Dublin
Core metadata vocabulary are used to express document level metadata.</p></div><p/></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-vocabulary-title" id="metadata-vocabulary-title"/>12.1.2 ttm:title</h4><p>The <code>ttm:title</code> element is used to express a human-readable title of
a specific element instance.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-metadata-title" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttm:title</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttm:title
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> #PCDATA
&lt;/ttm:title&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>No specific use of the <code>ttm:title</code> element is defined by this specification.</p></div><p>Examples of the <code>ttm:title</code> element are shown above in
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-1"><b>Example Fragment – Document Metadata</b></a> and
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-2"><b>Example Fragment – Element Metadata</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-vocabulary-desc" id="metadata-vocabulary-desc"/>12.1.3 ttm:desc</h4><p>The <code>ttm:desc</code> element is used to express a human-readable description of
a specific element instance.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-metadata-desc" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttm:desc</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttm:desc
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> #PCDATA
&lt;/ttm:desc&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>No specific use of the <code>ttm:desc</code> element is defined by this specification.</p></div><p>Examples of the <code>ttm:desc</code> element are shown above in
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-1"><b>Example Fragment – Document Metadata</b></a> and
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata-example-2"><b>Example Fragment – Element Metadata</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-vocabulary-copyright" id="metadata-vocabulary-copyright"/>12.1.4 ttm:copyright</h4><p>The <code>ttm:copyright</code> element is used to express a human-readable copyright that
applies to some scoping level.</p><p>A copyright statement that applies to a document as a whole should appear as a
child of the <code>head</code> element.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-metadata-copyright" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttm:copyright</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttm:copyright
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> #PCDATA
&lt;/ttm:copyright&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>No specific use of the <code>ttm:copyright</code> element is defined by this specification.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-vocabulary-agent" id="metadata-vocabulary-agent"/>12.1.5 ttm:agent</h4><p>The <code>ttm:agent</code> element is used to define an agent for the purpose of associating
content information with an agent who is involved in the production or expression of that content.</p><p>The <code>ttm:agent</code> element accepts as its children zero or more <code>ttm:name</code> elements followed by
zero or one <code>ttm:actor</code> element.</p><p>At least one <code>ttm:name</code> element child should be specified that expresses a name for the
agent, whether it be the name of a person, character, group, or organization.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-metadata-agent" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttm:agent</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttm:agent
  <span class="reqattr">type</span> = (<em>person</em>|<em>character</em>|<em>group</em>|<em>organization</em>|<em>other</em>)
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-name">ttm:name</a>*, <a href="#metadata-vocabulary-actor">ttm:actor</a>?
&lt;/ttm:agent&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>A <code>type</code> attribute must be specified on each <code>ttm:agent</code> element, and,
if specified, must have one of the following values:</p><ul><li><p><code>person</code></p></li><li><p><code>character</code></p></li><li><p><code>group</code></p></li><li><p><code>organization</code></p></li><li><p><code>other</code></p></li></ul><p>If the value of the <code>type</code> attribute is <code>character</code>, then the
<code>ttm:agent</code> element instance should specify a <code>ttm:actor</code> child that
specifies the agent that plays the role of the actor.</p><p>A <code>ttm:agent</code> metadata item is considered to be significant only
when specified as a child of the <code>head</code> element or as a child of a
<code>metadata</code> element child of the <code>head</code> element.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>A <code>ttm:agent</code> element instance is typically referenced using a <code>ttm:agent</code>
attribute on a content element.</p></div><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>If a character agent is played by multiple actors, then multiple character
agents may be specified (and referenced) wherein different definitions of the
character specify different actors.</p></div><p>The use of agent metadata is illustrated by the following example.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="metadata-vocabulary-agent-example-1" class="example"><caption>Example Fragment – Agent Metadata</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>

&lt;tt xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;
    <span class="strong">&lt;ttm:agent xml:id="connery" type="person"&gt;</span>
      &lt;ttm:name type="family"&gt;Connery&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
      &lt;ttm:name type="given"&gt;Thomas Sean&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
      &lt;ttm:name type="alias"&gt;Sean&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
      &lt;ttm:name type="full"&gt;Sir Thomas Sean Connery&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
    <span class="strong">&lt;/ttm:agent&gt;</span>
    <span class="strong">&lt;ttm:agent xml:id="bond" type="character"&gt;</span>
      &lt;ttm:name type="family"&gt;Bond&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
      &lt;ttm:name type="given"&gt;James&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
      &lt;ttm:name type="alias"&gt;007&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
      &lt;ttm:actor agent="connery"/&gt;
    <span class="strong">&lt;/ttm:agent&gt;</span>
  &lt;/head&gt;
  &lt;body&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
      ...  
      &lt;p <span class="strong">ttm:agent="bond"</span>&gt;I travel, a sort of licensed troubleshooter.&lt;/p&gt;
      ...  
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/tt&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>In the above example, two agents, a real (person) agent, Sean
Connery, and a fictitious (character) agent, James Bond, are defined,
where the latter is linked to the former by means of the a
<code>ttm:actor</code> element. A reference is then made from content (the
<code>p</code> element) to the character agent associated with
(responsible for producing) that content. Note that in this example
the <code>ttm:agent</code> metadata items are specified as immediate
children of the document's <code>head</code> element rather than being
placed in a container <code>metadata</code> element.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-vocabulary-name" id="metadata-vocabulary-name"/>12.1.6 ttm:name</h4><p>The <code>ttm:name</code> element is used to specify a name of a person, character,
group, or organization.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-metadata-name" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttm:name</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttm:name
  <span class="reqattr">type</span> = (<em>full</em>|<em>family</em>|<em>given</em>|<em>alias</em>|<em>other</em>)
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> #PCDATA
&lt;/ttm:name&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>A <code>type</code> attribute must be specified on each <code>ttm:name</code> element, and,
if specified, must have one of the following values:</p><ul><li><p><code>full</code></p></li><li><p><code>family</code></p></li><li><p><code>given</code></p></li><li><p><code>alias</code></p></li><li><p><code>other</code></p></li></ul><p>The relationship between the type of a name and the syntactic expression of the name
is not defined by this specification.</p><p>Two examples of the <code>ttm:name</code> element are shown above in
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-agent-example-1"><b>Example Fragment – Agent Metadata</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-vocabulary-actor" id="metadata-vocabulary-actor"/>12.1.7 ttm:actor</h4><p>The <code>ttm:actor</code> element is used to link the definition of a (role-based) character
agent with another agent that portrays the character.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="elt-syntax-metadata-actor" class="syntax"><caption>XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttm:actor</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;ttm:actor
  <span class="reqattr">agent</span> = IDREF
  <a href="#content-attribute-id">xml:id</a> = ID
  <a href="#content-attribute-lang">xml:lang</a> = string
  <a href="#content-attribute-space">xml:space</a> = (<em>default</em>|<em>preserve</em>)
  {<em>any attribute not in default or any TT namespace</em>}&gt;
  <em>Content:</em> EMPTY
&lt;/ttm:actor&gt;
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <code>agent</code> attribute of a <code>ttm:actor</code> element must
reference a <code>ttm:agent</code> element that denotes the person,
group, or organization acting the part of a character.</p><p>An example of the <code>ttm:actor</code> element is shown above in
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-agent-example-1"><b>Example Fragment – Agent Metadata</b></a>.</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="metadata-attribute-vocabulary" id="metadata-attribute-vocabulary"/>12.2 Metadata Attribute Vocabulary</h3><p>This section specifies the following attributes in the TT Metadata Namespace
for use with the <code>metadata</code> element and with certain content elements:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#metadata-attribute-agent"><b>12.2.1 ttm:agent</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-attribute-role"><b>12.2.2 ttm:role</b></a></p></li></ul><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>Only certain metadata item attributes may be used with content elements. See
the definitions of content elements to determine permissible usage.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-attribute-agent" id="metadata-attribute-agent"/>12.2.1 ttm:agent</h4><p>The <code>ttm:agent</code> attribute takes an <code>IDREFS</code>
value, and is used with certain content elements to designate the
agents that perform or are
involved in the performance of the content.</p><p>If specified, a <code>ttm:agent</code> attribute must reference
<code>ttm:agent</code> element instances that appear
as a descendent of the same document instance as
that of the referring element.</p><p>An example of the <code>ttm:agent</code> attribute is shown above in
<a href="#metadata-vocabulary-agent-example-1"><b>Example Fragment – Agent Metadata</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="metadata-attribute-role" id="metadata-attribute-role"/>12.2.2 ttm:role</h4><p>The <code>ttm:role</code> attribute may be used by a content author
to express
the roles, functions, or characteristics
of some content element that is so labeled.</p><p>If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following
syntax, where
the syntactic element <em>S</em> must adhere to production
[3] <code>S</code> as defined by <a href="#xml10">[XML 1.0]</a> §
2.3:</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="metadata-attribute-role-syntax" class="syntax"><caption>Syntax Representation – ttm:role</caption><tbody><tr><td>
<div class="exampleInner"><pre>
ttm:role
  role ( <em>S</em> role )*

role
  : "action"
  | "caption"
  | "description"
  | "dialog"
  | "expletive"
  | "kinesic"
  | "lyrics"
  | "music"
  | "narration"
  | "quality"
  | "sound"
  | "source"
  | "suppressed"
  | "reproduction"
  | "thought"
  | "title"
  | "transcription"
  | extension-role

extension-role
  : "x-" token-char+

token-char
  : { XML NameChar }    // XML 1.1 Production [4a]
</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>All values of <code>ttm:role</code> that do not start with the prefix
<code>x-</code> are reserved for future standardization.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="back"><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="reduced-infoset" id="reduced-infoset"/>A Reduced XML Infoset</h2><p><em>This appendix is normative.</em></p><p>For the purposes of this specification, a Reduced XML Infoset is
an XML Information Set <a href="#infoset">[XML InfoSet]</a> that consists of only the following information items
and information item properties:</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="reduced-infoset-document" id="reduced-infoset-document"/>A.1 Document Information Item</h3><ul><li><p><code>[document element]</code></p></li></ul></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="reduced-infoset-element" id="reduced-infoset-element"/>A.2 Element Information Item</h3><ul><li><p><code>[namespace URI]</code></p></li><li><p><code>[local name]</code></p></li><li><p><code>[children]</code></p></li><li><p><code>[attributes]</code></p></li></ul><p>Child information items <code>[children]</code> are reduced to 
only element and character information items.</p></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="reduced-infoset-attribute" id="reduced-infoset-attribute"/>A.3 Attribute Information Item</h3><ul><li><p><code>[namespace URI]</code></p></li><li><p><code>[local name]</code></p></li><li><p><code>[normalized value]</code></p></li></ul></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="reduced-infoset-character" id="reduced-infoset-character"/>A.4 Character Information Item</h3><ul><li><p><code>[character code]</code></p></li></ul><p>Contiguous character information items are not required to be represented distinctly,
but may be aggregated (chunked) into a sequence of character codes (i.e., a character string).</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="schemas" id="schemas"/>B Schemas</h2><p><em>This appendix is normative.</em></p><p>This appendix specifies the following schemas for use with
DFXP Content document instances:</p><ul><li><p>Relax NG, Compact Syntax (RNC) Schema</p></li><li><p>XML Schema Definition (XSD) Schema</p></li></ul><p>In any case where a schema specified by this appendix differs from the
normative definitions of document type, element type, or attribute type
as defined by the body of this specification, then the body of this
specification takes precedence.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="dfxp-schema-rnc" id="dfxp-schema-rnc"/>B.1 Relax NG Schema</h3><p>This section specifies a Relax NG Compact Syntax (RNC) <a href="#rng">[RELAX NG]</a> based schema
for DFXP Content, also available in a <a href="rnc/schema.zip">ZIP
Archive</a>.</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="rnc-dfxp-driver-schema" id="rnc-dfxp-driver-schema"/>B.1.1 Driver</h4><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP) Schema ..........
# .......................................................................

# default namespace
default namespace tt = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"

# generic tt modules
include "ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-classes.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-parameter-attribs.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-attribs.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-styling-attribs.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-timing-attribs.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-parameter-items.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-parameters.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-items.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-styling.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-animation.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-layout.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-content.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-head.rnc"
include "ttaf1-dfxp-document.rnc"

start = TTAF.tt | TTAF.parameters.profile

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="rnc-dfxp-modules" id="rnc-dfxp-modules"/>B.1.2 Modules</h4><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-animation-module" id="rnc-dfxp-animation-module"/>B.1.2.1 Animation Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Animation Module .......................................
# .......................................................................

# set - discrete animation
TTAF.set =
  element set {
    TTAF.set.attlist,
    TTAF.set.content
  }

TTAF.set.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Timed.attrib.class,
  (TTAF.Styling.attrib.class |
   TTAF.Styling.ForeignExtension.attrib+ )

TTAF.set.content.extra = empty
TTAF.set.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.set.content.extra*)

TTAF.Animation.extra = empty
TTAF.Animation.class |=
  TTAF.set |
  TTAF.Animation.extra

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-classes-module" id="rnc-dfxp-classes-module"/>B.1.2.2 Classes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Class Declarations Module ..............................
# .......................................................................

# attribute group classes
TTAF.Core.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.Parameter.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.StyleBinding.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.Styled.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.Styling.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.Timed.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class = empty
TTAF.TimingInterval.attrib.class = empty

# element group classes
TTAF.Animation.class = empty
TTAF.Block.class = empty
TTAF.BlockNoDiv.class = empty
TTAF.Inline.class = empty
TTAF.InlineNoSpan.class = empty
TTAF.MetadataNoAgent.class = empty
TTAF.Metadata.class = empty
TTAF.MetadataItems.class = empty

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-content-module" id="rnc-dfxp-content-module"/>B.1.2.3 Content Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Content Module .........................................
# .......................................................................

# body - content body
TTAF.body =
  element body {
    TTAF.body.attlist,
    TTAF.body.content
  }

TTAF.body.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.body.content.extra = empty
TTAF.body.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Block.class | TTAF.body.content.extra)*)

# div - division
TTAF.div =
  element div {
    TTAF.div.attlist,
    TTAF.div.content
  }

TTAF.div.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.div.content.extra = empty
TTAF.div.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Block.class | TTAF.div.content.extra)*)

# p - paragraph
TTAF.p =
  element p {
    TTAF.p.attlist,
    TTAF.p.content
  }

TTAF.p.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.p.content.extra = empty
TTAF.p.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Inline.class |
    TTAF.p.content.extra)*)

# span - intra-paragraph inline span
TTAF.span =
  element span {
    TTAF.span.attlist,
    TTAF.span.content
  }

TTAF.span.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.span.content.extra = empty
TTAF.span.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Inline.class |
    TTAF.span.content.extra)*)

# br - manual line break
TTAF.br =
  element br {
    TTAF.br.attlist,
    TTAF.br.content
  }

TTAF.br.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class

TTAF.br.content.extra = empty
TTAF.br.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   TTAF.br.content.extra*)

# Block.class
TTAF.Block.extra = empty
TTAF.BlockNoDiv.class |=
  TTAF.p | TTAF.Block.extra
TTAF.Block.class |=
  TTAF.div | TTAF.BlockNoDiv.class

# Inline.class
TTAF.Inline.extra = empty
TTAF.InlineNoSpan.class |=
  text | TTAF.br | TTAF.Inline.extra
TTAF.Inline.class |=
  TTAF.span | TTAF.InlineNoSpan.class

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-core-attribs-module" id="rnc-dfxp-core-attribs-module"/>B.1.2.4 Core Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Core Attributes Module .................................
# .......................................................................

TTAF.id.attrib
  = attribute xml:id { xsd:ID }?

TTAF.lang.attrib
  = attribute xml:lang { TTAF.LanguageCode.datatype }?

TTAF.lang.required.attrib
  = attribute xml:lang { TTAF.LanguageCode.datatype }

TTAF.space.attrib
  = attribute xml:space { TTAF.XMLSpace.datatype }?

TTAF.Core.extra.attrib
  = empty

TTAF.Core.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  TTAF.lang.attrib,
  TTAF.space.attrib,
  TTAF.Core.extra.attrib

TTAF.Core.required.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  TTAF.lang.required.attrib,
  TTAF.space.attrib,
  TTAF.Core.extra.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-datatypes-module" id="rnc-dfxp-datatypes-module"/>B.1.2.5 Data Types Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Datatypes Module .......................................
# .......................................................................

TTAF.Alpha.datatype =
  xsd:float { minInclusive = "0" maxInclusive = "1" }

TTAF.Agent.datatype =
  xsd:IDREFS

TTAF.CellResolution.datatype =
  string

TTAF.ClockMode.datatype =
  "local" |
  "gps" |
  "utc"

TTAF.Color.datatype =
  string

TTAF.Direction.datatype =
  "ltr" |
  "rtl"

TTAF.Display.datatype =
  "auto" |
  "none"

TTAF.DisplayAlign.datatype =
  "before" |
  "center" |
  "after"

TTAF.DropMode.datatype =
  "dropNTSC" |
  "dropPAL" |
  "nonDrop"

TTAF.ExtensionDesignator.datatype =
  TTAF.URI.datatype

TTAF.ExtensionValue.datatype =
 "optional" |
 "required" |
 "use"

TTAF.Extent.datatype =
  string

TTAF.FeatureDesignator.datatype =
  TTAF.URI.datatype

TTAF.FeatureValue.datatype =
 "optional" |
 "required" |
 "use"

TTAF.FontFamily.datatype =
  string

TTAF.FontSize.datatype =
  string

TTAF.FontStyle.datatype =
  "normal" |
  "italic" |
  "oblique"

TTAF.FontWeight.datatype =
  "normal" |
  "bold"

TTAF.FrameRate.datatype =
  xsd:nonNegativeInteger

TTAF.FrameRateMultiplier.datatype =
  xsd:string { pattern = "\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+" }

TTAF.LanguageCode.datatype =
  xsd:NMTOKEN

TTAF.LineHeight.datatype =
  string

TTAF.MarkerMode.datatype =
  "continuous" |
  "discontinuous"

TTAF.MetadataAgentType.datatype =
  "person" |
  "character" |
  "group" |
  "organization" |
  "other"

TTAF.MetadataNameType.datatype =
  "full" |
  "family" |
  "given" |
  "alias" |
  "other"

TTAF.MetadataRoleBaseType.datatype =
  "action" |
  "caption" |
  "description" |
  "dialog" |
  "expletive" |
  "kinesic" |
  "lyrics" |
  "music" |
  "narration" |
  "quality" |
  "sound" |
  "source" |
  "suppressed" |
  "reproduction" |
  "thought" |
  "title" |
  "transcription"

TTAF.Opacity.datatype =
  string

TTAF.Origin.datatype =
  string

TTAF.Overflow.datatype =
  "visible" |
  "hidden" 

TTAF.Padding.datatype =
  string

TTAF.PixelAspectRatio.datatype =
  xsd:string { pattern = "\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+" }

TTAF.Profile.datatype =
  TTAF.URI.datatype

TTAF.Role.datatype =
  xsd:NMTOKENS

TTAF.ShowBackground.datatype =
  "always" |
  "whenActive"

TTAF.SubFrameRate.datatype =
  xsd:positiveInteger

TTAF.TextAlign.datatype =
  "left" |
  "center" |
  "right" |
  "start" |
  "end"

TTAF.TextDecoration.datatype =
  "none" |
  "underline" |
  "noUnderline" |
  "overline" |
  "noOverline" |
  "lineThrough" |
  "noLineThrough"

TTAF.TextOutline.datatype =
  string

TTAF.TickRate.datatype =
  xsd:positiveInteger

TTAF.TimeBase.datatype =
  "media" |
  "smpte" |
  "clock"

TTAF.TimeContainer.datatype =
  "par" |
  "seq"

TTAF.TimeCoordinate.datatype =
  string

TTAF.TimeDuration.datatype =
  string

TTAF.URI.datatype =
  xsd:anyURI

TTAF.UnicodeBidi.datatype =
  "normal" |
  "embed" |
  "bidiOverride"

TTAF.Visibility.datatype =
  "hidden" |
  "visible"

TTAF.WrapOption.datatype =
  "wrap" |
  "noWrap"

TTAF.WritingMode.datatype =
  "lrtb" |
  "rltb" |
  "tbrl" |
  "tblr" |
  "lr" |
  "rl" |
  "tb"

TTAF.XMLSpace.datatype =
  "default" |
  "preserve"

TTAF.ZIndex.datatype =
  string
  
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................

</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-document-module" id="rnc-dfxp-document-module"/>B.1.2.6 Document Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Document Module ........................................
# .......................................................................

## tt - generic top-level document element type
TTAF.tt =
  element tt {
    TTAF.tt.attlist,
    TTAF.tt.content
  }

TTAF.tt.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.required.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Parameter.attrib.class

TTAF.tt.content =
  (TTAF.head?, TTAF.body?)

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-head-module" id="rnc-dfxp-head-module"/>B.1.2.7 Header Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Header Module ..........................................
# .......................................................................

# head - generic header
TTAF.head =
  element head {
    TTAF.head.attlist,
    TTAF.head.content
  }

TTAF.head.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.head.content.extra = empty
TTAF.head.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Parameters.class*,
   TTAF.styling?,
   TTAF.layout?,
   TTAF.head.content.extra*)

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-layout-module" id="rnc-dfxp-layout-module"/>B.1.2.8 Layout Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Layout Module ..........................................
# .......................................................................

# region reference attribute; must reference /head/layout/region
TTAF.region.attrib
  = attribute region { xsd:IDREF }?

# region binding attribute class
TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.region.attrib

# layout - generic layout container
TTAF.layout =
  element layout {
    TTAF.layout.attlist,
    TTAF.layout.content
  }

TTAF.layout.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.layout.content.extra = empty
TTAF.layout.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.layout.region*,
   TTAF.layout.content.extra*)

# region - region declaration
TTAF.layout.region =
  element region {
    TTAF.layout.region.attlist,
    TTAF.layout.region.content
  }

TTAF.layout.region.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class,
  TTAF.style.attrib,
  (TTAF.Styling.attrib.class |
   TTAF.Styling.ForeignExtension.attrib+ )

TTAF.layout.region.content.extra = empty
TTAF.layout.region.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   TTAF.styling.style*,
   TTAF.layout.region.content.extra*)

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-metadata-module" id="rnc-dfxp-metadata-module"/>B.1.2.9 Metadata Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Metadata Module ........................................
# .......................................................................

# namespace prefix bindings
namespace tt = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
namespace ttm = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
namespace local = ""

# meta - generic metadata
TTAF.metadata =
  element metadata {
    TTAF.metadata.attlist,
    TTAF.metadata.content
  }

TTAF.metadata.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.External.class =
  element * - ( tt:* | ttm:* ) {
    ( attribute * - ( xml:id ) { text }
      | text
      | TTAF.External.class
    )*
  }

TTAF.metadata.content.extra = empty
TTAF.metadata.content =
  (TTAF.MetadataItems.class |
   TTAF.External.class |
   TTAF.metadata.content.extra)*

TTAF.Metadata.class |=
  TTAF.MetadataItems.class |
  TTAF.metadata

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-metadata-items-module" id="rnc-dfxp-metadata-items-module"/>B.1.2.10 Metadata Items Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Metadata Items Module ......................................
# .......................................................................

namespace ttm = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"

## actor - specifies actor
TTAF.meta.actor =
  element ttm:actor {
    TTAF.meta.actor.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.actor.content
  }

TTAF.meta.actor.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  attribute agent { xsd:IDREF }

TTAF.meta.actor.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.actor.content = empty

## agent - specifies agent
TTAF.meta.agent =
  element ttm:agent {
    TTAF.meta.agent.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.agent.content
  }

TTAF.meta.agent.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  attribute type { TTAF.MetadataAgentType.datatype }

TTAF.meta.agent.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.agent.content =
  (TTAF.meta.name*,
   TTAF.meta.actor?,
   TTAF.meta.agent.content.extra*)

## copyright - specifies copyright statement
TTAF.meta.copyright =
  element ttm:copyright {
    TTAF.meta.copyright.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.copyright.content
  }

TTAF.meta.copyright.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.meta.copyright.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.copyright.content = text

## desc - specifies description
TTAF.meta.desc =
  element ttm:desc {
    TTAF.meta.desc.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.desc.content
  }

TTAF.meta.desc.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.meta.desc.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.desc.content = text

## name - specifies name
TTAF.meta.name =
  element ttm:name {
    TTAF.meta.name.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.name.content
  }

TTAF.meta.name.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  attribute type { TTAF.MetadataNameType.datatype }

TTAF.meta.name.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.name.content = text

## title - describes title
TTAF.meta.title =
  element ttm:title {
    TTAF.meta.title.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.title.content
  }

TTAF.meta.title.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.meta.title.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.title.content = text

## MetadataItems.class
TTAF.MetadataItems.extra = empty
TTAF.MetadataItems.class |=
  TTAF.meta.agent |
  TTAF.meta.copyright |
  TTAF.meta.desc |
  TTAF.meta.title |
  TTAF.MetadataItems.extra

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-metadata-attribs-module" id="rnc-dfxp-metadata-attribs-module"/>B.1.2.11 Metadata Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Metadata Attributes Module ..............................
# .......................................................................

namespace tt = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
namespace ttm = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
namespace local = ""

# Standard Metadata Attributes

TTAF.agent.attrib
  = attribute ttm:agent { TTAF.Agent.datatype }?
TTAF.role.attrib
  = attribute ttm:role { TTAF.Role.datatype }?

# Metadata Attribute Class

TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.agent.attrib,
  TTAF.role.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-parameters-module" id="rnc-dfxp-parameters-module"/>B.1.2.12 Parameters Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Parameters Module ......................................
# .......................................................................

TTAF.Parameters.class |=
  TTAF.ParameterItems.class

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-parameter-items-module" id="rnc-dfxp-parameter-items-module"/>B.1.2.13 Parameter Items Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Parameter Items Module .................................
# .......................................................................

namespace ttp = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"

# profile - profile definition or use declaration
TTAF.parameters.profile =
  element ttp:profile {
    TTAF.parameters.profile.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.profile.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.profile.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute use { TTAF.Profile.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.profile.content.extra = empty
TTAF.parameters.profile.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.parameters.features*,
   TTAF.parameters.extensions*,
   TTAF.parameters.profile.content.extra*)

# features - container for feature elements
TTAF.parameters.features =
  element ttp:features {
    TTAF.parameters.features.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.features.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.features.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute xml:base { TTAF.URI.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.features.content.extra = empty
TTAF.parameters.features.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.parameters.feature*,
   TTAF.parameters.features.content.extra*)

# feature - feature requirements declaration
TTAF.parameters.feature =
  element ttp:feature {
    TTAF.parameters.feature.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.feature.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.feature.attlist =
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute value { TTAF.FeatureValue.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.feature.content =
  TTAF.FeatureDesignator.datatype

# extensions - container for extension elements
TTAF.parameters.extensions =
  element ttp:extensions {
    TTAF.parameters.extensions.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.extensions.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.extensions.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute xml:base { TTAF.URI.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.extensions.content.extra = empty
TTAF.parameters.extensions.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.parameters.extension*,
   TTAF.parameters.extensions.content.extra*)

# extension - extension requirements declaration
TTAF.parameters.extension =
  element ttp:extension {
    TTAF.parameters.extension.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.extension.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.extension.attlist =
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute value { TTAF.ExtensionValue.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.extension.content =
  TTAF.ExtensionDesignator.datatype

## ParameterItems.class
TTAF.ParameterItems.extra = empty
TTAF.ParameterItems.class |=
  TTAF.parameters.profile |
  TTAF.ParameterItems.extra

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-parameter-attribs-module" id="rnc-dfxp-parameter-attribs-module"/>B.1.2.14 Parameter Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Parameter Attributes Module ............................
# .......................................................................

namespace ttp = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"

# Standard Metadata Attributes

TTAF.cellResolution.attrib
  = attribute ttp:cellResolution { TTAF.CellResolution.datatype }?
TTAF.clockMode.attrib
  = attribute ttp:clockMode { TTAF.ClockMode.datatype }?
TTAF.dropMode.attrib
  = attribute ttp:dropMode { TTAF.DropMode.datatype }?
TTAF.frameRate.attrib
  = attribute ttp:frameRate { TTAF.FrameRate.datatype }?
TTAF.frameRateMultiplier.attrib
  = attribute ttp:frameRateMultiplier { TTAF.FrameRateMultiplier.datatype }?
TTAF.markerMode.attrib
  = attribute ttp:markerMode { TTAF.MarkerMode.datatype }?
TTAF.profile.attrib
  = attribute ttp:profile { TTAF.Profile.datatype }?
TTAF.pixelAspectRatio.attrib
  = attribute ttp:pixelAspectRatio { TTAF.PixelAspectRatio.datatype }?
TTAF.subFrameRate.attrib
  = attribute ttp:subFrameRate { TTAF.SubFrameRate.datatype }?
TTAF.tickRate.attrib
  = attribute ttp:tickRate { TTAF.TickRate.datatype }?
TTAF.timeBase.attrib
  = attribute ttp:timeBase { TTAF.TimeBase.datatype }?

# Parameter Attribute Class

TTAF.Parameter.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.cellResolution.attrib,
  TTAF.clockMode.attrib,
  TTAF.dropMode.attrib,
  TTAF.frameRate.attrib,
  TTAF.frameRateMultiplier.attrib,
  TTAF.markerMode.attrib,
  TTAF.pixelAspectRatio.attrib,
  TTAF.profile.attrib,
  TTAF.subFrameRate.attrib,
  TTAF.tickRate.attrib,
  TTAF.timeBase.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-styling-attribs-module" id="rnc-dfxp-styling-attribs-module"/>B.1.2.15 Styling Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Styling Attributes Module ..............................
# .......................................................................

namespace tt = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
namespace tts = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
namespace local = ""

# Standard Style Attributes

TTAF.backgroundColor.attrib
  = attribute tts:backgroundColor { TTAF.Color.datatype }?
TTAF.color.attrib
  = attribute tts:color { TTAF.Color.datatype }?
TTAF.direction.attrib
  = attribute tts:direction { TTAF.Direction.datatype }?
TTAF.display.attrib
  = attribute tts:display { TTAF.Display.datatype }?
TTAF.displayAlign.attrib
  = attribute tts:displayAlign { TTAF.DisplayAlign.datatype }?
TTAF.extent.attrib
  = attribute tts:extent { TTAF.Extent.datatype }?
TTAF.fontFamily.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontFamily { TTAF.FontFamily.datatype }?
TTAF.fontSize.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontSize { TTAF.FontSize.datatype }?
TTAF.fontStyle.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontStyle { TTAF.FontStyle.datatype }?
TTAF.fontWeight.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontWeight { TTAF.FontWeight.datatype }?
TTAF.lineHeight.attrib
  = attribute tts:lineHeight { TTAF.LineHeight.datatype }?
TTAF.opacity.attrib
  = attribute tts:opacity { TTAF.Opacity.datatype }?
TTAF.origin.attrib
  = attribute tts:origin { TTAF.Origin.datatype }?
TTAF.overflow.attrib
  = attribute tts:overflow { TTAF.Overflow.datatype }?
TTAF.padding.attrib
  = attribute tts:padding { TTAF.Padding.datatype }?
TTAF.showBackground.attrib
  = attribute tts:showBackground { TTAF.ShowBackground.datatype }?
TTAF.textAlign.attrib
  = attribute tts:textAlign { TTAF.TextAlign.datatype }?
TTAF.textDecoration.attrib
  = attribute tts:textDecoration { TTAF.TextDecoration.datatype }?
TTAF.textOutline.attrib
  = attribute tts:textOutline { TTAF.TextOutline.datatype }?
TTAF.unicodeBidi.attrib
  = attribute tts:unicodeBidi { TTAF.UnicodeBidi.datatype }?
TTAF.visibility.attrib
  = attribute tts:visibility { TTAF.Visibility.datatype }?
TTAF.wrapOption.attrib
  = attribute tts:wrapOption { TTAF.WrapOption.datatype }?
TTAF.writingMode.attrib
  = attribute tts:writingMode { TTAF.WritingMode.datatype }?
TTAF.zIndex.attrib
  = attribute tts:zIndex { TTAF.ZIndex.datatype }?

# Extension Style Attributes

TTAF.Styling.ForeignExtension.attrib =
  attribute * - ( tt:* | tts:* | xml:* | local:* ) { text }

# Styling Attribute Class

TTAF.Styling.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.backgroundColor.attrib,
  TTAF.color.attrib,
  TTAF.direction.attrib,
  TTAF.display.attrib,
  TTAF.displayAlign.attrib,
  TTAF.extent.attrib,
  TTAF.fontFamily.attrib,
  TTAF.fontSize.attrib,
  TTAF.fontStyle.attrib,
  TTAF.fontWeight.attrib,
  TTAF.lineHeight.attrib,
  TTAF.opacity.attrib,
  TTAF.origin.attrib,
  TTAF.overflow.attrib,
  TTAF.padding.attrib,
  TTAF.showBackground.attrib,
  TTAF.textAlign.attrib,
  TTAF.textDecoration.attrib,
  TTAF.textOutline.attrib,
  TTAF.unicodeBidi.attrib,
  TTAF.visibility.attrib,
  TTAF.wrapOption.attrib,
  TTAF.writingMode.attrib,
  TTAF.zIndex.attrib

# Style Binding Attribute Class

TTAF.StyleBinding.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.style.attrib

# Styled Content Attribute Class

TTAF.Styled.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.Styled.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.Styling.attrib.class,
  TTAF.StyleBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.extra.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-styling-module" id="rnc-dfxp-styling-module"/>B.1.2.16 Styling Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Styling Module .........................................
# .......................................................................

# style reference attribute; must reference /tt/head/styling/style
TTAF.style.attrib
  = attribute style { xsd:IDREFS }?

# styling - generic styling container
TTAF.styling =
  element styling {
    TTAF.styling.attlist,
    TTAF.styling.content
  }

TTAF.styling.attlist &amp;=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.styling.content.extra = empty
TTAF.styling.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.styling.defs.class*,
   TTAF.styling.content.extra*)

# style - style declaration
TTAF.styling.style =
  element style {
    TTAF.styling.style.attlist,
    TTAF.styling.style.content
  }

TTAF.styling.style.attlist =
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.style.attrib,
  (TTAF.Styling.attrib.class |
   TTAF.Styling.ForeignExtension.attrib+ )

TTAF.styling.style.content.extra = empty
TTAF.styling.style.content =
  (TTAF.styling.style.content.extra)*

# style definitions class
TTAF.styling.defs.extra = empty
TTAF.styling.defs.class = 
  TTAF.styling.style
  | TTAF.styling.defs.extra

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="rnc-dfxp-timing-attribs-module" id="rnc-dfxp-timing-attribs-module"/>B.1.2.17 Timing Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre># .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Timing Attributes Module ...............................
# .......................................................................

# Timing Attributes

TTAF.timing.begin.attrib
  = attribute begin { TTAF.TimeCoordinate.datatype }?
TTAF.timing.dur.attrib
  = attribute dur { TTAF.TimeDuration.datatype }?
TTAF.timing.end.attrib
  = attribute end { TTAF.TimeCoordinate.datatype }?
TTAF.timing.timeContainer.attrib
  = attribute timeContainer { TTAF.TimeContainer.datatype }?

# Timing Interval Attribute class

TTAF.TimingInterval.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.TimingInterval.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.timing.begin.attrib,
  TTAF.timing.dur.attrib,
  TTAF.timing.end.attrib,
  TTAF.TimingInterval.extra.attrib

# Timing Container Attribute class

TTAF.TimingContainer.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.TimingContainer.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.timing.timeContainer.attrib,
  TTAF.TimingContainer.extra.attrib

# Timed Content Attribute Class

TTAF.Timed.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.Timed.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.TimingInterval.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Timed.extra.attrib

# Timed Content Container Attribute Class

TTAF.TimedContainer.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class &amp;=
  TTAF.Timed.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimingContainer.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.extra.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
</pre></div></div></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="dfxp-schema-xsd" id="dfxp-schema-xsd"/>B.2 XML Schema Definition (XSD) Schema</h3><p>This section specifies a W3C XML Schema Definition (XSD) <a href="#xsd-1">[XML Schema Part 1]</a> based schema
for DFXP Content, also available in a <a href="xsd/schema.zip">ZIP
Archive</a>.</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="xsd-dfxp-driver-schema" id="xsd-dfxp-driver-schema"/>B.2.1 Driver</h4><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-document.xsd"/&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="xsd-dfxp-modules" id="xsd-dfxp-modules"/>B.2.2 Modules</h4><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-animation-module" id="xsd-dfxp-animation-module"/>B.2.2.1 Animation Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-timing-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="set.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class" /&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Timed.attrib.class" /&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tts:Styling.attrib.class" /&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="set.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:set.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="set" type="tt:set.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="Animation.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:set"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-content-module" id="xsd-dfxp-content-module"/>B.2.2.2 Content Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-timing-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-animation.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-layout.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="body.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="div.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="p.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="span.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="br.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="body.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:div" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:body.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="div.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Block.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:div.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="p.eltype" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Inline.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:p.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="span.eltype" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Inline.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:span.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="br.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:br.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="body" type="tt:body.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="div" type="tt:div.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="p" type="tt:p.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="span" type="tt:span.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="br" type="tt:br.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="BlockNoDiv.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:p"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="Block.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:BlockNoDiv.class"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:div"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="InlineNoSpan.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:br"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="Inline.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:InlineNoSpan.class"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:span"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-core-attribs-module" id="xsd-dfxp-core-attribs-module"/>B.2.2.3 Core Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
    schemaLocation="xml.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Core.ID.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="xml:id"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Core.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="xml:lang"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="xml:space"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Core.required.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="xml:lang" use="required"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="xml:space"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-datatypes-module" id="xsd-dfxp-datatypes-module"/>B.2.2.4 Data Types Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
        xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
        xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="alpha"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:float"&gt;
      &lt;xs:minInclusive value="0"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:maxInclusive value="1"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="agent"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:IDREFS"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="cellResolution"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;positiveInteger positiveInteger&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="clockMode"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="local"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="gps"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="utc"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="color"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="direction"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="ltr"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="rtl"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="display"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="auto"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="none"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="displayAlign"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="before"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="center"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="after"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="dropMode"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="dropNTSC"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="dropPAL"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="nonDrop"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="extensionDesignator"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:anyURI"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="extensionValue"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="optional"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="required"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="use"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="extent"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;auto | length length&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="featureDesignator"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:anyURI"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="featureValue"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="optional"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="required"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="use"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="fontFamily"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="fontSize"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;length | length length&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="fontStyle"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="normal"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="italic"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="oblique"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="fontWeight"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="normal"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="bold"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="frameRate"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:nonNegativeInteger"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="frameRateMultiplier"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;positiveInteger:positiveInteger&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"&gt;
      &lt;xs:pattern value="\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="lineHeight"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;normal | length&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="markerMode"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="continuous"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="discontinuous"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="metadataAgentType"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="person"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="character"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="group"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="organization"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="other"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="metadataNameType"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="full"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="family"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="given"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="alias"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="other"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="metadataRoleBaseType"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;orphan simpleType retained in hope it can be used for role&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="action"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="caption"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="description"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="dialog"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="expletive"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="kinesic"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="lyrics"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="music"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="narration"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="quality"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="sound"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="source"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="suppressed"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="reproduction"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="thought"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="title"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="transcription"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="opacity"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;alpha&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="origin"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;auto | length length&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="overflow"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="visible"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="hidden"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="padding"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;length length | length length length | length length length length&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="pixelAspectRatio"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;positiveInteger:positiveInteger&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"&gt;
      &lt;xs:pattern value="\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="profile"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:anyURI"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="role"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;metadataRoleBaseType | "x-"string&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKENS"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="showBackground"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="always"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="whenActive"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="subFrameRate"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="textAlign"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="left"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="center"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="right"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="start"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="end"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="textDecoration"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="none"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="underline"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="noUnderline"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="overline"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="noOverline"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="lineThrough"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="noLineThrough"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="textOutline"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;none | length | length length | color length | color length length&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="tickRate"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="timeBase"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="media"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="smpte"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="clock"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="timeContainer"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="par"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="seq"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="timeCoordinate"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;timeExpression&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="timeDuration"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;timeExpression&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="unicodeBidi"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="normal"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="embed"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="bidiOverride"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="visibility"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="hidden"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="visible"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="wrapOption"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="wrap"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="noWrap"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="writingMode"&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:token"&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="lrtb"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="rltb"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="tbrl"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="tblr"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="lr"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="rl"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:enumeration value="tb"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;xs:simpleType name="zIndex"&gt;
    &lt;xs:annotation&gt;
      &lt;xs:documentation&gt;auto | integer&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
    &lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
    &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;


</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-document-module" id="xsd-dfxp-document-module"/>B.2.2.5 Document Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-items.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-parameter-items.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-timing-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-head.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-content.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="tt.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.required.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:Parameter.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="tt.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:head" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:body" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:tt.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="tt" type="tt:tt.eltype"/&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-head-module" id="xsd-dfxp-head-module"/>B.2.2.6 Header Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-parameters.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-layout.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="head.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="head.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Parameters.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:styling" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:layout" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:head.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="head" type="tt:head.eltype"/&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-layout-module" id="xsd-dfxp-layout-module"/>B.2.2.7 Layout Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-timing-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-animation.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="RegionBinding.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="region" type="xs:IDREF"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="layout.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="region.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="layout.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:region" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:layout.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="region.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:style" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:region.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="layout" type="tt:layout.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="region" type="tt:region.eltype"/&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-metadata-module" id="xsd-dfxp-metadata-module"/>B.2.2.8 Metadata Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-items.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="metadata.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="metadata.eltype" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
        maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:metadata.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="metadata" type="tt:metadata.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="Metadata.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="ttm:MetadataItems.class"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:metadata"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-metadata-items-module" id="xsd-dfxp-metadata-items-module"/>B.2.2.9 Metadata Items Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="actor.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="agent" type="xs:IDREF"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="agent.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="type" type="ttd:metadataAgentType"
    use="required"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="copyright.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="desc.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="name.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="type" type="ttd:metadataNameType"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="title.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="actor.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:actor.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="agent.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttm:name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttm:actor" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:agent.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="copyright.eltype" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:copyright.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="desc.eltype" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:desc.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="name.eltype" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:name.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="title.eltype" mixed="true"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:title.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="actor" type="ttm:actor.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="agent" type="ttm:agent.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="copyright" type="ttm:copyright.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="desc" type="ttm:desc.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="name" type="ttm:name.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="title" type="ttm:title.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="MetadataItems.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttm:agent"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttm:copyright"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttm:desc"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttm:title"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-metadata-attribs-module" id="xsd-dfxp-metadata-attribs-module"/>B.2.2.10 Metadata Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="agent" type="ttd:agent"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="role" type="ttd:role"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Metadata.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttm:agent"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttm:role"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-parameters-module" id="xsd-dfxp-parameters-module"/>B.2.2.11 Parameters Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-parameter-items.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="Parameters.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="ttp:ParameterItems.class"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-parameter-items-module" id="xsd-dfxp-parameter-items-module"/>B.2.2.12 Parameter Items Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
  xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
    schemaLocation="xml.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-parameter-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="profile.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="use" type="ttd:profile"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="features.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="xml:base"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="feature.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="value" type="ttd:featureValue"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="extensions.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="xml:base"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="extension.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="value" type="ttd:extensionValue"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="profile.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttp:features" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttp:extensions" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:profile.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="features.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttp:feature" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:features.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="feature.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:simpleContent&gt;
	  &lt;xs:extension base="ttd:featureDesignator"&gt;
	    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:feature.attlist"/&gt;
      &lt;/xs:extension&gt;
    &lt;/xs:simpleContent&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="extensions.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttp:extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:extensions.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="extension.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:simpleContent&gt;
	  &lt;xs:extension base="ttd:extensionDesignator"&gt;
	    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:extension.attlist"/&gt;
      &lt;/xs:extension&gt;
    &lt;/xs:simpleContent&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="profile" type="ttp:profile.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="features" type="ttp:features.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="feature" type="ttp:feature.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="extensions" type="ttp:extensions.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="extension" type="ttp:extension.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:group name="ParameterItems.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:choice&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="ttp:profile"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:choice&gt;
  &lt;/xs:group&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-parameter-attribs-module" id="xsd-dfxp-parameter-attribs-module"/>B.2.2.13 Parameter Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
  xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="cellResolution" type="ttd:cellResolution"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="clockMode" type="ttd:clockMode"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="dropMode" type="ttd:dropMode"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="frameRate" type="ttd:frameRate"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="frameRateMultiplier" type="ttd:frameRateMultiplier"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="markerMode" type="ttd:markerMode"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="profile" type="ttd:profile"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="pixelAspectRatio" type="ttd:pixelAspectRatio"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="subFrameRate" type="ttd:subFrameRate"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="tickRate" type="ttd:tickRate"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="timeBase" type="ttd:timeBase"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Parameter.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:cellResolution"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:clockMode"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:dropMode"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:frameRate"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:frameRateMultiplier"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:markerMode"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:profile"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:pixelAspectRatio"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:subFrameRate"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:tickRate"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="ttp:timeBase"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-styling-attribs-module" id="xsd-dfxp-styling-attribs-module"/>B.2.2.14 Styling Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="backgroundColor" type="ttd:color"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="color" type="ttd:color"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="direction" type="ttd:direction"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="display" type="ttd:display"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="displayAlign" type="ttd:displayAlign"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="extent" type="ttd:extent"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="fontFamily" type="ttd:fontFamily"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="fontSize" type="ttd:fontSize"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="fontStyle" type="ttd:fontStyle"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="fontWeight" type="ttd:fontWeight"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="lineHeight" type="ttd:lineHeight"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="opacity" type="ttd:opacity"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="origin" type="ttd:origin"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="overflow" type="ttd:overflow"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="padding" type="ttd:padding"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="showBackground" type="ttd:showBackground"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="textAlign" type="ttd:textAlign"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="textDecoration" type="ttd:textDecoration"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="textOutline" type="ttd:textOutline"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="unicodeBidi" type="ttd:unicodeBidi"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="visibility" type="ttd:visibility"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="wrapOption" type="ttd:wrapOption"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="writingMode" type="ttd:writingMode"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="zIndex" type="ttd:zIndex"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Styling.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:backgroundColor"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:color"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:direction"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:display"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:displayAlign"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:extent"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:fontFamily"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:fontSize"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:fontStyle"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:fontWeight"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:lineHeight"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:opacity"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:origin"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:overflow"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:padding"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:showBackground"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:textAlign"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:textDecoration"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:textOutline"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:unicodeBidi"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:visibility"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:wrapOption"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:writingMode"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute ref="tts:zIndex"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;

</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-styling-module" id="xsd-dfxp-styling-module"/>B.2.2.15 Styling Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling-attribs.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="StyleBinding.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="style" type="xs:IDREFS"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Styled.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:StyleBinding.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tts:Styling.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="styling.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="style.attlist"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="styling.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
      &lt;xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
      &lt;xs:element ref="tt:style" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt;
    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:styling.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:complexType name="style.eltype"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:style.attlist"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="styling" type="tt:styling.eltype"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:element name="style" type="tt:style.eltype"/&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;


</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-timing-attribs-module" id="xsd-dfxp-timing-attribs-module"/>B.2.2.16 Timing Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"&gt;
  &lt;xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="TimingInterval.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="begin" type="ttd:timeCoordinate"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="dur" type="ttd:timeDuration"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="end" type="ttd:timeCoordinate"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="TimingContainer.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attribute name="timeContainer" type="ttd:timeContainer"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="Timed.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimingInterval.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
  &lt;xs:attributeGroup name="TimedContainer.attrib.class"&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Timed.attrib.class"/&gt;
    &lt;xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimingContainer.attrib.class"/&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attributeGroup&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div><div class="div4">
<h5><a name="xsd-dfxp-xml-attrs-module" id="xsd-dfxp-xml-attrs-module"/>B.2.2.17 XML Attributes Module</h5><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="base" type="xs:anyURI"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:ID"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:language"/&gt;
  &lt;xs:attribute name="space"&gt;
    &lt;xs:simpleType&gt;
      &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:NCName"&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="default"/&gt;
        &lt;xs:enumeration value="preserve"/&gt;
      &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
    &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
  &lt;/xs:attribute&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
</pre></div></div></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="media-type-registration" id="media-type-registration"/>C Media Type Registration</h2><p><em>This appendix is normative.</em></p><p>This appendix registers a new MIME media type,
"application/ttml+xml" in conformance with
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4288.txt">BCP 13</a> and
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype.html">W3CRegMedia</a>.
The information in this appendix is being submitted to the Internet
Engineering Steering Group (IESG) for review, approval, and
registration with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).</p><dl><dt class="label">MIME media type name:</dt><dd><p>application</p></dd><dt class="label">MIME subtype name:</dt><dd><p>ttml+xml</p></dd><dt class="label">Required parameters:</dt><dd><p>None.</p></dd><dt class="label">Optional parameters:</dt><dd><dl><dt class="label">charset</dt><dd><p>Same as application/xml media type, as specified in <a href="#rfc3023">[XML Media Types]</a> or its successors.</p></dd><dt class="label">profile</dt><dd><p>The document profile of a TTML document may be specified using
an optional <code>profile</code> parameter, which, if specified,
the value of which must adhere to the syntax and semantics of
<code>ttp:profile</code> parameter defined by
Section
<a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><b>6.2.8 ttp:profile</b></a>
of the published specification.</p></dd></dl></dd><dt class="label">Encoding considerations:</dt><dd><p>Same for application/xml. See <a href="#xml-media">[XML Media]</a>, Section
3.2.</p></dd><dt class="label">Restrictions on usage:</dt><dd><p>None.</p></dd><dt class="label">Security considerations:</dt><dd><p>As with other XML types and as noted in
<a href="#xml-media">[XML Media]</a>
Section 10, repeated expansion of maliciously constructed XML entities
can be used to consume large amounts of memory, which may cause XML
processors in constrained environments to fail.</p><p>In addition, because of the extensibility features for TTML and of XML
in general, it is possible that "application/ttml+xml" may describe content
that has security implications beyond those described here. However,
if the processor follows only the normative semantics of the published
specification, this content will be outside TTML namespaces and
may be ignored. Only in the case where the processor recognizes and
processes the additional content, or where further processing of that
content is dispatched to other processors, would security issues
potentially arise. And in that case, they would fall outside the
domain of this registration document.</p></dd><dt class="label">Interoperability considerations:</dt><dd><p>The published specification describes processing semantics that dictate
behavior that must be followed when dealing with, among other things,
unrecognized elements and attributes, both in TTML namespaces and in
other namespaces.</p><p>Because TTML is extensible, conformant "application/ttml+xml" processors must
expect that content received is well-formed XML, but it cannot be
guaranteed that the content is valid to a particular DTD or Schema or
that the processor will recognize all of the elements and attributes
in the document.</p><p/></dd><dt class="label">Published specification:</dt><dd><p>This media type registration is extracted from Appendix <a href="#media-type-registration"><b>C Media Type Registration</b></a> of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/">Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0</a>
specification.</p></dd><dt class="label">Additional information:</dt><dd><dl><dt class="label">Magic number(s):</dt><dd/><dt class="label">File extension(s):</dt><dd><p>.ttml</p></dd><dt class="label">Macintosh file type code(s):</dt><dd><p>"TTML"</p></dd><dt class="label">Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code:</dt><dd><p>org.w3c.ttml conforms to public.xml</p></dd><dt class="label">Windows Clipboard Name:</dt><dd><p>"Timed Text Document"</p></dd></dl></dd><dt class="label">Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt><dd><p>Timed Text Working Group (public-tt@w3.org)</p></dd><dt class="label">Intended usage:</dt><dd><p>COMMON</p></dd><dt class="label">Author/Change controller:</dt><dd><p>The published specification is a work product of the World Wide Web
Consortium's Timed Text (TT) Working Group. The W3C has change control
over this specification.</p></dd></dl></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="features" id="features"/>D Features</h2><p><em>This appendix is normative.</em></p><p>This appendix specifies (1) a set of feature designations, each of which
labels one or more syntactic and/or semantic features defined by this
specification, and (2) for each designated feature, whether the feature is mandatory
or optional for a transformation or presentation processor.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="feature-designations" id="feature-designations"/>D.1 Feature Designations</h3><p>A feature designation is expressed as a string that adheres to the following
form:</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
feature-designation
  : feature-namespace designation

feature-namespace
  : <em>TT Feature Namespace</em>                    // http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/

designation
  : "#" token-char+

token-char
  : { XML NameChar }                        // XML 1.1 Production [4a]
</pre></div><p>All values of <code>feature-designation</code> not defined by this specification are reserved
for future standardization.</p><p>The following sub-sections define all feature designations, expressed
as relative URIs (fragment identifiers) with respect to the 
TT Feature Namespace base URI.</p><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-animation" id="feature-animation"/>D.1.1 #animation</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#animation</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
vocabulary defined by <a href="#animation"><b>11 Animation</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#animation-vocabulary-set"><code>set</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#animation</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the
same vocabulary enumerated above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-backgroundColor" id="feature-backgroundColor"/>D.1.2 #backgroundColor</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor</code> feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute
and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display
signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color,
including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-backgroundColor-block" id="feature-backgroundColor-block"/>D.1.3 #backgroundColor-block</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor-block</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that would generate a
block area during presentation processing.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor-block</code> feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic
support for the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that generates a
block area
and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display
signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color,
including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-backgroundColor-inline" id="feature-backgroundColor-inline"/>D.1.4 #backgroundColor-inline</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor-inline</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that would generate an
inline area during presentation processing.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor-inline</code> feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic
support for the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that generates an
inline area
and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display
signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color,
including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-backgroundColor-region" id="feature-backgroundColor-region"/>D.1.5 #backgroundColor-region</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor-region</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#backgroundColor-region</code> feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic
support for the <a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element
and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display
signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color,
including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space
.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-bidi" id="feature-bidi"/>D.1.6 #bidi</h4><p>A TTML processor supports the <code>#bidi</code> feature if it
supports the following features:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#feature-direction"><code>#direction</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-unicodeBidi"><code>#unicodeBidi</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-writingMode-horizontal"><code>#writingMode-horizontal</code></a></p></li></ul></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-cellResolution" id="feature-cellResolution"/>D.1.7 #cellResolution</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#cellResolution</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-cellResolution"><code>ttp:cellResolution</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#cellResolution</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-cellResolution"><code>ttp:cellResolution</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-clockMode" id="feature-clockMode"/>D.1.8 #clockMode</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-clockMode-gps" id="feature-clockMode-gps"/>D.1.9 #clockMode-gps</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode-gps</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>gps</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode-gps</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>gps</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-clockMode-local" id="feature-clockMode-local"/>D.1.10 #clockMode-local</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode-local</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>local</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode-local</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>local</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-clockMode-utc" id="feature-clockMode-utc"/>D.1.11 #clockMode-utc</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode-utc</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>utc</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#clockMode-utc</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>utc</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-color" id="feature-color"/>D.1.12 #color</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#color</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-color"><code>tts:color</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#color</code> feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#style-attribute-color"><code>tts:color</code></a>
attribute
and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display
signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color,
including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-content" id="feature-content"/>D.1.13 #content</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#content</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
vocabulary defined by <a href="#content"><b>7 Content</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-vocabulary-br"><code>br</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#content</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the
same vocabulary enumerated above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-core" id="feature-core"/>D.1.14 #core</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#core</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
core attributes vocabulary defined by <a href="#content"><b>7 Content</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:id</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:lang</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:space</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#core</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the
same vocabulary enumerated above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-direction" id="feature-direction"/>D.1.15 #direction</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#direction</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-direction"><code>tts:direction</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#direction</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-direction"><code>tts:direction</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-display" id="feature-display"/>D.1.16 #display</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#display</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#display</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-display-block" id="feature-display-block"/>D.1.17 #display-block</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#display-block</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that would generate a
block area during presentation processing.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#display-block</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that generates a
block area.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-display-inline" id="feature-display-inline"/>D.1.18 #display-inline</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#display-inline</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that would generate an
inline area during presentation processing.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#display-inline</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that generates an
inline area.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-display-region" id="feature-display-region"/>D.1.19 #display-region</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#display-region</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#display-region</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-displayAlign" id="feature-displayAlign"/>D.1.20 #displayAlign</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#displayAlign</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-displayAlign"><code>tts:displayAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#displayAlign</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-displayAlign"><code>tts:displayAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-dropMode" id="feature-dropMode"/>D.1.21 #dropMode</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-dropMode-dropNTSC" id="feature-dropMode-dropNTSC"/>D.1.22 #dropMode-dropNTSC</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode-dropNTSC</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>dropNTSC</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode-dropNTSC</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>dropNTSC</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-dropMode-dropPAL" id="feature-dropMode-dropPAL"/>D.1.23 #dropMode-dropPAL</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode-dropPAL</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>dropPAL</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode-dropPAL</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>dropPAL</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-dropMode-nonDrop" id="feature-dropMode-nonDrop"/>D.1.24 #dropMode-nonDrop</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode-nonDrop</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>nonDrop</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#dropMode-nonDrop</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>nonDrop</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-extent" id="feature-extent"/>D.1.25 #extent</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#extent</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#extent</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-extent-region" id="feature-extent-region"/>D.1.26 #extent-region</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#extent-region</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#extent-region</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-extent-root" id="feature-extent-root"/>D.1.27 #extent-root</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#extent-root</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a>
attribute when applied to the <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt</code></a> element.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#extent-root</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt</code></a> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontFamily" id="feature-fontFamily"/>D.1.28 #fontFamily</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontFamily</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><code>tts:fontFamily</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontFamily</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><code>tts:fontFamily</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontFamily-generic" id="feature-fontFamily-generic"/>D.1.29 #fontFamily-generic</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontFamily-generic</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming <a href="#style-value-genericFamilyName">&lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</a>
values when used with the <a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><code>tts:fontFamily</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontFamily-generic</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for <a href="#style-value-genericFamilyName">&lt;genericFamilyName&gt;</a>
values when used with the <a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><code>tts:fontFamily</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontFamily-non-generic" id="feature-fontFamily-non-generic"/>D.1.30 #fontFamily-non-generic</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontFamily-non-generic</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming <a href="#style-value-familyName">&lt;familyName&gt;</a>
values when used with the <a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><code>tts:fontFamily</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontFamily-non-generic</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for <a href="#style-value-familyName">&lt;familyName&gt;</a>
values when used with the <a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><code>tts:fontFamily</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontSize" id="feature-fontSize"/>D.1.31 #fontSize</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontSize</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><code>tts:fontSize</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontSize</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><code>tts:fontSize</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontSize-anamorphic" id="feature-fontSize-anamorphic"/>D.1.32 #fontSize-anamorphic</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontSize-anamorphic</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><code>tts:fontSize</code></a>
attribute that consist of two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specifications.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontSize-anamorphic</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><code>tts:fontSize</code></a>
attribute that consist of two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specifications.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontSize-isomorphic" id="feature-fontSize-isomorphic"/>D.1.33 #fontSize-isomorphic</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontSize-isomorphic</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><code>tts:fontSize</code></a>
attribute that consist of a single <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontSize-isomorphic</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><code>tts:fontSize</code></a>
attribute that consist of a single <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontStyle" id="feature-fontStyle"/>D.1.34 #fontStyle</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontStyle</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle"><code>tts:fontStyle</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontStyle</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle"><code>tts:fontStyle</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontStyle-italic" id="feature-fontStyle-italic"/>D.1.35 #fontStyle-italic</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontStyle-italic</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>italic</code> value of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle"><code>tts:fontStyle</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontStyle-italic</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>italic</code> of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle"><code>tts:fontStyle</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontStyle-oblique" id="feature-fontStyle-oblique"/>D.1.36 #fontStyle-oblique</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontStyle-oblique</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>oblique</code> value of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle"><code>tts:fontStyle</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontStyle-oblique</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>oblique</code> of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontStyle"><code>tts:fontStyle</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontWeight" id="feature-fontWeight"/>D.1.37 #fontWeight</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontWeight</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight"><code>tts:fontWeight</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontWeight</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight"><code>tts:fontWeight</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-fontWeight-bold" id="feature-fontWeight-bold"/>D.1.38 #fontWeight-bold</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#fontWeight-bold</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming <code>bold</code> value of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight"><code>tts:fontWeight</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#fontWeight-bold</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>bold</code> of the <a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight"><code>tts:fontWeight</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-frameRate" id="feature-frameRate"/>D.1.39 #frameRate</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#frameRate</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate"><code>ttp:frameRate</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#frameRate</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate"><code>ttp:frameRate</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-frameRateMultiplier" id="feature-frameRateMultiplier"/>D.1.40 #frameRateMultiplier</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#frameRateMultiplier</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier"><code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#frameRateMultiplier</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier"><code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-layout" id="feature-layout"/>D.1.41 #layout</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#layout</code>
feature if it (1) recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
vocabulary defined by <a href="#layout"><b>9 Layout</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#layout-vocabulary-layout"><code>layout</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#layout-attribute-region">@<code>region</code></a></p></li></ul><p>and (2) supports the following attributes when applied to the
<a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-origin"><code>tts:origin</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#layout</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the
same vocabulary and features enumerated above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length" id="feature-length"/>D.1.42 #length</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#length</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined
values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a>
style value expression.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#length</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of
the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-cell" id="feature-length-cell"/>D.1.43 #length-cell</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-cell</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming scalar values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value expression
that use <code>c</code> (cell) units.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-cell</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for scalar values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value expression
that use <code>c</code> (cell) units.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-em" id="feature-length-em"/>D.1.44 #length-em</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-em</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming scalar values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value expression
that use <code>em</code> (EM) units.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-em</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for scalar values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value expression
that use <code>em</code> (EM) units.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-integer" id="feature-length-integer"/>D.1.45 #length-integer</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-integer</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming integer values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-integer</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for integer values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.
</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-negative" id="feature-length-negative"/>D.1.46 #length-negative</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-negative</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming negative values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-negative</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for negative values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.
</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-percentage" id="feature-length-percentage"/>D.1.47 #length-percentage</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-percentage</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming percentage values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-percentage</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for percentage values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.
</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-pixel" id="feature-length-pixel"/>D.1.48 #length-pixel</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-pixel</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming scalar values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value expression
that use <code>px</code> (pixel) units.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-pixel</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for scalar values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value expression
that use <code>px</code> (pixel) units.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-positive" id="feature-length-positive"/>D.1.49 #length-positive</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-positive</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming positive values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-positive</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for positive values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.
</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-length-real" id="feature-length-real"/>D.1.50 #length-real</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#length-real</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming real values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#length-real</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for real values of the <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> style value
expression.
</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-lineBreak-uax14" id="feature-lineBreak-uax14"/>D.1.51 #lineBreak-uax14</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#lineBreak-uax14</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming requirements expressed by <a href="#uax14">[UAX14]</a> into its
target document space.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#lineBreak-uax14</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for <a href="#uax14">[UAX14]</a> as applies to line breaking.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-lineHeight" id="feature-lineHeight"/>D.1.52 #lineHeight</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#lineHeight</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-lineHeight"><code>tts:lineHeight</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#lineHeight</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-lineHeight"><code>tts:lineHeight</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-markerMode" id="feature-markerMode"/>D.1.53 #markerMode</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#markerMode</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><code>ttp:markerMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#markerMode</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><code>ttp:markerMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-markerMode-continuous" id="feature-markerMode-continuous"/>D.1.54 #markerMode-continuous</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#markerMode-continuous</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>continuous</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><code>ttp:markerMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#markerMode-continuous</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>continuous</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><code>ttp:markerMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-markerMode-discontinuous" id="feature-markerMode-discontinuous"/>D.1.55 #markerMode-discontinuous</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#markerMode-discontinuous</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>discontinuous</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><code>ttp:markerMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#markerMode-discontinuous</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <code>discontinuous</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><code>ttp:markerMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-metadata" id="feature-metadata"/>D.1.56 #metadata</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#metadata</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
vocabulary defined by <a href="#metadata"><b>12 Metadata</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata"><code>metadata</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><code>ttm:title</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><code>ttm:desc</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><code>ttm:copyright</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><code>ttm:agent</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><code>ttm:name</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><code>ttm:actor</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-attribute-agent">@<code>ttm:agent</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#metadata-attribute-role">@<code>ttm:role</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#metadata</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of presenting the information
expressed by the same vocabulary enumerated above.</p><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>This specification does not define a standardized form for the
presentation of metadata information. The presentation or ability to
present metadata information is considered to be implementation
dependent.</p></div></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-nested-div" id="feature-nested-div"/>D.1.57 #nested-div</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#nested-div</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming nested
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a> elements.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#nested-div</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for nested
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a> elements.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-nested-span" id="feature-nested-span"/>D.1.58 #nested-span</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#nested-span</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming nested
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a> elements.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#nested-span</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for nested
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a> elements.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-opacity" id="feature-opacity"/>D.1.59 #opacity</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#opacity</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-opacity"><code>tts:opacity</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#opacity</code> feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-opacity"><code>tts:opacity</code></a>
attribute and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display
signal that distinguishes between at least eight (8) values of opacity.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-origin" id="feature-origin"/>D.1.60 #origin</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#origin</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-origin"><code>tts:origin</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#origin</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-origin"><code>tts:origin</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-overflow" id="feature-overflow"/>D.1.61 #overflow</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#overflow</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-overflow"><code>tts:overflow</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#overflow</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-overflow"><code>tts:overflow</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-overflow-visible" id="feature-overflow-visible"/>D.1.62 #overflow-visible</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#overflow-visible</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <code>visible</code> value of the <a href="#style-attribute-overflow"><code>tts:overflow</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#overflow-visible</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <code>visible</code> value of the <a href="#style-attribute-overflow"><code>tts:overflow</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-padding" id="feature-padding"/>D.1.63 #padding</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#padding</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#padding</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-padding-1" id="feature-padding-1"/>D.1.64 #padding-1</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#padding-1</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of one <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#padding-1</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of one <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-padding-2" id="feature-padding-2"/>D.1.65 #padding-2</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#padding-2</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#padding-2</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of two <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-padding-3" id="feature-padding-3"/>D.1.66 #padding-3</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#padding-3</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of three <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#padding-3</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of three <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-padding-4" id="feature-padding-4"/>D.1.67 #padding-4</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#padding-4</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of four <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#padding-4</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the <a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a> attribute
that consist of four <a href="#style-value-length">&lt;length&gt;</a> specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-pixelAspectRatio" id="feature-pixelAspectRatio"/>D.1.68 #pixelAspectRatio</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#pixelAspectRatio</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio"><code>ttp:pixelAspectRatio</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#pixelAspectRatio</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio"><code>ttp:pixelAspectRatio</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-presentation" id="feature-presentation"/>D.1.69 #presentation</h4><p>A TTML processor supports the
<code>#presentation</code> feature if it
(1) satisfies the generic processor criteria defined by 
<a href="#conformance-generic-processor"><b>3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance</b></a>,
(2) implements support for the region and line layout
semantics defined by <a href="#semantics-region-layout"><b>9.3 Region Layout and Presentation</b></a> and
<a href="#semantics-line-layout"><b>9.4 Line Layout</b></a>, respectively, and
(3) implements presentation semantics for the following features:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#content"><code>#content</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-core"><code>#core</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-profile"><code>#profile</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-structure"><code>#structure</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-time-offset"><code>#time-offset</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#timing"><code>#timing</code></a></p></li></ul><p>
In addition, a TTML processor that supports the
<code>#presentation</code> feature should satisfy the user agent
accessibility guidelines specified by <a href="#uaag">[UAAG]</a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-profile" id="feature-profile"/>D.1.70 #profile</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#profile</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the
<a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><code>ttp:profile</code></a>
attribute on the <a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt</code></a> element and
transforming the following vocabulary defined by
<a href="#parameter-element-vocabulary"><b>6.1 Parameter Element Vocabulary</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile"><code>ttp:profile</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-features"><code>ttp:features</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-feature"><code>ttp:feature</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extensions"><code>ttp:extensions</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extension"><code>ttp:extension</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#profile</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the same vocabulary specified above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-showBackground" id="feature-showBackground"/>D.1.71 #showBackground</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#showBackground</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-showBackground"><code>tts:showBackground</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#showBackground</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-showBackground"><code>tts:showBackground</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-structure" id="feature-structure"/>D.1.72 #structure</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#structure</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
vocabulary defined by <a href="#content"><b>7 Content</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head"><code>head</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#structure</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the
same vocabulary enumerated above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-styling" id="feature-styling"/>D.1.73 #styling</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#styling</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
vocabulary defined by <a href="#styling"><b>8 Styling</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#styling-vocabulary-styling"><code>styling</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#styling-vocabulary-style"><code>style</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#style-attribute-style">@<code>style</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#styling</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the
same vocabulary enumerated above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-styling-chained" id="feature-styling-chained"/>D.1.74 #styling-chained</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#styling-chained</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming chained style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-chained-referential"><b>8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling</b></a>.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#styling-chained</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for chained style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-chained-referential"><b>8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-styling-inheritance-content" id="feature-styling-inheritance-content"/>D.1.75 #styling-inheritance-content</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#styling-inheritance</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming content style inheritance as defined by
<a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-content"><b>8.4.2.1 Content Style Inheritance</b></a>.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#styling-inheritance-content</code> feature if it implements
presentation semantic support for content style inheritance as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-content"><b>8.4.2.1 Content Style Inheritance</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-styling-inheritance-region" id="feature-styling-inheritance-region"/>D.1.76 #styling-inheritance-region</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#styling-inheritance</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming region style inheritance as defined by
<a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-region"><b>8.4.2.2 Region Style Inheritance</b></a>.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#styling-inheritance-region</code> feature if it implements
presentation semantic support for region style inheritance as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-inheritance-region"><b>8.4.2.2 Region Style Inheritance</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-styling-inline" id="feature-styling-inline"/>D.1.77 #styling-inline</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#styling-inline</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming inline style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-inline"><b>8.4.1.1 Inline Styling</b></a>.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#styling-inline</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for inline style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-inline"><b>8.4.1.1 Inline Styling</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-styling-nested" id="feature-styling-nested"/>D.1.78 #styling-nested</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#styling-nested</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming nested style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-nested"><b>8.4.1.4 Nested Styling</b></a>.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#styling-nested</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for nested style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-nested"><b>8.4.1.4 Nested Styling</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-styling-referential" id="feature-styling-referential"/>D.1.79 #styling-referential</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#styling-referential</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming referential style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-referential"><b>8.4.1.2 Referential Styling</b></a>.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#styling-referential</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for referential style association as defined by <a href="#semantics-style-association-referential"><b>8.4.1.2 Referential Styling</b></a>.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-subFrameRate" id="feature-subFrameRate"/>D.1.80 #subFrameRate</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#subFrameRate</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate"><code>ttp:subFrameRate</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#subFrameRate</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate"><code>ttp:subFrameRate</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textAlign" id="feature-textAlign"/>D.1.81 #textAlign</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textAlign</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><code>tts:textAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textAlign</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><code>tts:textAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textAlign-absolute" id="feature-textAlign-absolute"/>D.1.82 #textAlign-absolute</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textAlign-absolute</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>left</code>, <code>center</code>,
and <code>right</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><code>tts:textAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textAlign-absolute</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>left</code>, <code>center</code>, and
<code>right</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><code>tts:textAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textAlign-relative" id="feature-textAlign-relative"/>D.1.83 #textAlign-relative</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textAlign-relative</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>start</code>, <code>center</code>,
and <code>end</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><code>tts:textAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textAlign-relative</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>start</code>, <code>center</code>, and
<code>end</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><code>tts:textAlign</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textDecoration" id="feature-textDecoration"/>D.1.84 #textDecoration</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textDecoration-over" id="feature-textDecoration-over"/>D.1.85 #textDecoration-over</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration-over</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>overline</code> and
<code>noOverline</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration-over</code> feature if it implements
presentation semantic support for the <code>overline</code> and
<code>noOverline</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textDecoration-through" id="feature-textDecoration-through"/>D.1.86 #textDecoration-through</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration-through</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>lineThrough</code> and
<code>noLineThrough</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration-through</code> feature if it implements
presentation semantic support for the <code>lineThrough</code> and
<code>noLineThrough</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textDecoration-under" id="feature-textDecoration-under"/>D.1.87 #textDecoration-under</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration-under</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>underline</code> and
<code>noUnderline</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textDecoration-under</code> feature if it implements
presentation semantic support for the <code>underline</code> and
<code>noUnderline</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textOutline" id="feature-textOutline"/>D.1.88 #textOutline</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textOutline</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><code>tts:textOutline</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textOutline</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><code>tts:textOutline</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textOutline-blurred" id="feature-textOutline-blurred"/>D.1.89 #textOutline-blurred</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textOutline-blurred</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><code>tts:textOutline</code></a>
attribute that includes a blur radius specification.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textOutline-blurred</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><code>tts:textOutline</code></a>
attribute that includes a blur radius specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-textOutline-unblurred" id="feature-textOutline-unblurred"/>D.1.90 #textOutline-unblurred</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#textOutline-unblurred</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><code>tts:textOutline</code></a>
attribute that does not include a blur radius specification.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#textOutline-unblurred</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for values of the <a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><code>tts:textOutline</code></a>
attribute that does not include a blur radius specification.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-tickRate" id="feature-tickRate"/>D.1.91 #tickRate</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#tickRate</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#parameter-attribute-tickRate"><code>ttp:tickRate</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#tickRate</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#parameter-attribute-tickRate"><code>ttp:tickRate</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-timeBase-clock" id="feature-timeBase-clock"/>D.1.92 #timeBase-clock</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#timeBase-clock</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming the <code>clock</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><code>ttp:timeBase</code></a>
attribute and if it supports the <a href="#feature-clockMode"><code>#clockMode</code></a> feature.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#timeBase-clock</code> feature if it implements presentation
semantic support for the <code>clock</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><code>ttp:timeBase</code></a>
attribute and if it supports the <a href="#feature-clockMode"><code>#clockMode</code></a> feature.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-timeBase-media" id="feature-timeBase-media"/>D.1.93 #timeBase-media</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#timeBase-media</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming the <code>media</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><code>ttp:timeBase</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#timeBase-media</code> feature if it implements presentation
semantic support for the <code>media</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><code>ttp:timeBase</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-timeBase-smpte" id="feature-timeBase-smpte"/>D.1.94 #timeBase-smpte</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#timeBase-smpte</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming the <code>smpte</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><code>ttp:timeBase</code></a>
attribute and if it supports the <a href="#feature-dropMode"><code>#dropMode</code></a> feature.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#timeBase-smpte</code> feature if it implements presentation
semantic support for the <code>smpte</code> value of the <a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><code>ttp:timeBase</code></a>
attribute and if it supports the <a href="#feature-dropMode"><code>#dropMode</code></a> feature.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-timeContainer" id="feature-timeContainer"/>D.1.95 #timeContainer</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#timeContainer</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer"><code>timeContainer</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#timeContainer</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for the <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer"><code>timeContainer</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-time-clock" id="feature-time-clock"/>D.1.96 #time-clock</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#time-clock</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all values of the <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a> that
satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;timeExpression&gt;
  : hours ":" minutes ":" seconds ( fraction )?
</pre></div><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#time-clock</code> feature if it implements presentation
semantic support for the same syntax specified above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-time-clock-with-frames" id="feature-time-clock-with-frames"/>D.1.97 #time-clock-with-frames</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#time-clock-with-frames</code> feature if it supports the
<a href="#feature-frameRate"><code>#frameRate</code></a>,
<a href="#feature-frameRateMultiplier"><code>#frameRateMultiplier</code></a>, and
<a href="#feature-subFrameRate"><code>#subFrameRate</code></a> features
and if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all values of the <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a> that
satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;timeExpression&gt;
  : hours ":" minutes ":" seconds ( fraction | ":" frames ( "." sub-frames )? )?
</pre></div><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#time-clock-with-frames</code> feature if it implements
presentation semantic support for the same features and syntax
specified above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-time-offset" id="feature-time-offset"/>D.1.98 #time-offset</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#time-offset</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all values of the <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a> that
satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;timeExpression&gt;
  : time-count fraction? ( "h" | "m" | "s" | "ms" )
</pre></div><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#time-offset</code> feature if it implements presentation
semantic support for the same syntax specified above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-time-offset-with-frames" id="feature-time-offset-with-frames"/>D.1.99 #time-offset-with-frames</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#time-offset-with-frames</code> feature if it supports the
<a href="#feature-frameRate"><code>#frameRate</code></a>,
<a href="#feature-frameRateMultiplier"><code>#frameRateMultiplier</code></a>, and
<a href="#feature-subFrameRate"><code>#subFrameRate</code></a> features
and if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all values of the <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a> that
satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;timeExpression&gt;
  : time-count fraction? "f"
</pre></div><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#time-offset-with-frames</code> feature if it implements
presentation semantic support for the same features and syntax
specified above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-time-offset-with-ticks" id="feature-time-offset-with-ticks"/>D.1.100 #time-offset-with-ticks</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#time-offset-with-ticks</code> feature if it supports the 
<a href="#feature-tickRate"><code>#tickRate</code></a> feature
and if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all values of the <a href="#timing-value-timeExpression">&lt;timeExpression&gt;</a> that
satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
&lt;timeExpression&gt;
  : time-count fraction? "t"
</pre></div><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#time-offset-with-ticks</code> feature if it implements presentation
semantic support for the same features and syntax specified above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-timing" id="feature-timing"/>D.1.101 #timing</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the <code>#timing</code>
feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following
vocabulary defined by <a href="#timing"><b>10 Timing</b></a>:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#timing-attribute-begin">@<code>begin</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#timing-attribute-dur">@<code>dur</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#timing-attribute-end">@<code>end</code></a></p></li></ul><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the <code>#timing</code>
feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the
same vocabulary enumerated above.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-transformation" id="feature-transformation"/>D.1.102 #transformation</h4><p>A TTML processor supports the
<code>#transformation</code> feature if it
(1) satisfies the generic processor criteria defined by 
<a href="#conformance-generic-processor"><b>3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance</b></a> and
(2) implements transformation semantics for the following features:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#content"><code>#content</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-core"><code>#core</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-profile"><code>#profile</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-structure"><code>#structure</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#feature-time-offset"><code>#time-offset</code></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#timing"><code>#timing</code></a></p></li></ul></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-unicodeBidi" id="feature-unicodeBidi"/>D.1.103 #unicodeBidi</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#unicodeBidi</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-unicodeBidi"><code>tts:unicodeBidi</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#unicodeBidi</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-unicodeBidi"><code>tts:unicodeBidi</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-visibility" id="feature-visibility"/>D.1.104 #visibility</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#visibility</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#visibility</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-visibility-block" id="feature-visibility-block"/>D.1.105 #visibility-block</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#visibility-block</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that would generate a
block area during presentation processing.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#visibility-block</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that generates a
block area.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-visibility-inline" id="feature-visibility-inline"/>D.1.106 #visibility-inline</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#visibility-inline</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that would generate an
inline area during presentation processing.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#visibility-inline</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute when applied to a content element that generates an
inline area.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-visibility-region" id="feature-visibility-region"/>D.1.107 #visibility-region</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#visibility-region</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#visibility-region</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a>
attribute when applied to a <a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>region</code></a> element.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-wrapOption" id="feature-wrapOption"/>D.1.108 #wrapOption</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#wrapOption</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-wrapOption"><code>tts:wrapOption</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#wrapOption</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-wrapOption"><code>tts:wrapOption</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-writingMode" id="feature-writingMode"/>D.1.109 #writingMode</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable
of transforming all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support
for all defined values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-writingMode-vertical" id="feature-writingMode-vertical"/>D.1.110 #writingMode-vertical</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-vertical</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>tbrl</code>, <code>tblr</code>, and
<code>tb</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-vertical</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>tbrl</code>, <code>tblr</code>, and
<code>tb</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-writingMode-horizontal" id="feature-writingMode-horizontal"/>D.1.111 #writingMode-horizontal</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-horizontal</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>lrtb</code>, <code>rltb</code>,
<code>lr</code> and <code>rl</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-horizontal</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>lrtb</code>, <code>rltb</code>, <code>lr</code>
and <code>rl</code> values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-writingMode-horizontal-lr" id="feature-writingMode-horizontal-lr"/>D.1.112 #writingMode-horizontal-lr</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-horizontal</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>lrtb</code> and <code>lr</code>
values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-horizontal-lr</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>lrtb</code> and <code>lr</code> values of the
<a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-writingMode-horizontal-rl" id="feature-writingMode-horizontal-rl"/>D.1.113 #writingMode-horizontal-rl</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-horizontal</code> feature if it recognizes and is
capable of transforming the <code>rltb</code> and <code>rl</code>
values of the <a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#writingMode-horizontal-rl</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic
support for the <code>rltb</code> and <code>rl</code> values of the
<a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a>
attribute.</p></div><div class="div3">
<h4><a name="feature-zIndex" id="feature-zIndex"/>D.1.114 #zIndex</h4><p>A TTML transformation processor supports the
<code>#zIndex</code> feature if it recognizes and is capable of
transforming the <a href="#style-attribute-zIndex"><code>tts:zIndex</code></a>
attribute.</p><p>A TTML presentation processor supports the
<code>#zIndex</code> feature if it implements presentation semantic support for
the <a href="#style-attribute-zIndex"><code>tts:zIndex</code></a>
attribute.</p></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="feature-support" id="feature-support"/>D.2 Feature Support</h3><p>The following table, <a href="#feature-support-table"><b>Table E-1 – Feature Support</b></a>,
enumerates every defined feature designation (expressed without the TT
Feature Namespace), and, for each designated feature, specifies
whether the feature is mandatory (M) or optional (O) for
transformation and presentation processors.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="feature-support-table" class="common"><caption>Table E-1 – Feature Support</caption><col width="60%" span="1"/><col width="20%" span="1"/><col width="20%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><span class="strong">Feature</span></td><td><span class="strong">Transformation</span></td><td><span class="strong">Presentation</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-animation"><code>#animation</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-backgroundColor"><code>#backgroundColor</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-backgroundColor-block"><code>#backgroundColor-block</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-backgroundColor-inline"><code>#backgroundColor-inline</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-backgroundColor-region"><code>#backgroundColor-region</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-bidi"><code>#bidi</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-cellResolution"><code>#cellResolution</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-clockMode"><code>#clockMode</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-clockMode-gps"><code>#clockMode-gps</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-clockMode-local"><code>#clockMode-local</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-clockMode-utc"><code>#clockMode-utc</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-color"><code>#color</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-content"><code>#content</code></a></td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-core"><code>#core</code></a></td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-direction"><code>#direction</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-display"><code>#display</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-display-block"><code>#display-block</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-display-inline"><code>#display-inline</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-display-region"><code>#display-region</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-displayAlign"><code>#displayAlign</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-dropMode"><code>#dropMode</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-dropMode-dropNTSC"><code>#dropMode-dropNTSC</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-dropMode-dropPAL"><code>#dropMode-dropPAL</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-dropMode-nonDrop"><code>#dropMode-nonDrop</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-extent"><code>#extent</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-extent-region"><code>#extent-region</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-extent-root"><code>#extent-root</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontFamily"><code>#fontFamily</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontFamily-generic"><code>#fontFamily-generic</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontFamily-non-generic"><code>#fontFamily-non-generic</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontSize"><code>#fontSize</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontSize-anamorphic"><code>#fontSize-anamorphic</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontSize-isomorphic"><code>#fontSize-isomorphic</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontStyle"><code>#fontStyle</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontStyle-italic"><code>#fontStyle-italic</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontStyle-oblique"><code>#fontStyle-oblique</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontWeight"><code>#fontWeight</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-fontWeight-bold"><code>#fontWeight-bold</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-frameRate"><code>#frameRate</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-frameRateMultiplier"><code>#frameRateMultiplier</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-layout"><code>#layout</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length"><code>#length</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-cell"><code>#length-cell</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-em"><code>#length-em</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-integer"><code>#length-integer</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-negative"><code>#length-negative</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-percentage"><code>#length-percentage</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-pixel"><code>#length-pixel</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-positive"><code>#length-positive</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-length-real"><code>#length-real</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-lineBreak-uax14"><code>#lineBreak-uax14</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-lineHeight"><code>#lineHeight</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-markerMode"><code>#markerMode</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-markerMode-continuous"><code>#markerMode-continuous</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-markerMode-discontinuous"><code>#markerMode-discontinuous</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-metadata"><code>#metadata</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-nested-div"><code>#nested-div</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-nested-span"><code>#nested-span</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-opacity"><code>#opacity</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-origin"><code>#origin</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-overflow"><code>#overflow</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-overflow-visible"><code>#overflow-visible</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-padding"><code>#padding</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-padding-1"><code>#padding-1</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-padding-2"><code>#padding-2</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-padding-3"><code>#padding-3</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-padding-4"><code>#padding-4</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-pixelAspectRatio"><code>#pixelAspectRatio</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-presentation"><code>#presentation</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-profile"><code>#profile</code></a></td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-showBackground"><code>#showBackground</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-structure"><code>#structure</code></a></td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-styling"><code>#styling</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-styling-chained"><code>#styling-chained</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-styling-inheritance-content"><code>#styling-inheritance-content</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-styling-inheritance-region"><code>#styling-inheritance-region</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-styling-inline"><code>#styling-inline</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-styling-nested"><code>#styling-nested</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-styling-referential"><code>#styling-referential</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-subFrameRate"><code>#subFrameRate</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textAlign"><code>#textAlign</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textAlign-absolute"><code>#textAlign-absolute</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textAlign-relative"><code>#textAlign-relative</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textDecoration"><code>#textDecoration</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textDecoration-over"><code>#textDecoration-over</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textDecoration-through"><code>#textDecoration-through</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textDecoration-under"><code>#textDecoration-under</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textOutline"><code>#textOutline</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textOutline-blurred"><code>#textOutline-blurred</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-textOutline-unblurred"><code>#textOutline-unblurred</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-tickRate"><code>#tickRate</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-timeBase-clock"><code>#timeBase-clock</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-timeBase-media"><code>#timeBase-media</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-timeBase-smpte"><code>#timeBase-smpte</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-timeContainer"><code>#timeContainer</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-time-clock"><code>#time-clock</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-time-clock-with-frames"><code>#time-clock-with-frames</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-time-offset"><code>#time-offset</code></a></td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-time-offset-with-frames"><code>#time-offset-with-frames</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-time-offset-with-ticks"><code>#time-offset-with-ticks</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-timing"><code>#timing</code></a></td><td>M</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-transformation"><code>#transformation</code></a></td><td>M</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-unicodeBidi"><code>#unicodeBidi</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-visibility"><code>#visibility</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-visibility-block"><code>#visibility-block</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-visibility-inline"><code>#visibility-inline</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-visibility-region"><code>#visibility-region</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-wrapOption"><code>#wrapOption</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-writingMode"><code>#writingMode</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-writingMode-vertical"><code>#writingMode-vertical</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-writingMode-horizontal"><code>#writingMode-horizontal</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-writingMode-horizontal-lr"><code>#writingMode-horizontal-lr</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-writingMode-horizontal-rl"><code>#writingMode-horizontal-rl</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-zIndex"><code>#zIndex</code></a></td><td>O</td><td>O</td></tr></tbody></table><p>For the sake of convenience, the following table,
<a href="#feature-transformation-mandatory-table"><b>Table E-2 – Mandatory Features - Transformation</b></a>, enumerates all
mandatory features for a TTML Transformation Processor, providing additional
comments to summarize the context of usage or the nature of the feature.
The TTML Profile Definition Document that defines the corresponding
DFXP Transformation Profile is specified in
<a href="#profile-dfxp-transformation"><b>F.1 DFXP Transformation Profile</b></a>.
</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="feature-transformation-mandatory-table" class="common"><caption>Table E-2 – Mandatory Features - Transformation</caption><col width="60%" span="1"/><col width="40%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><span class="strong">Feature</span></td><td><span class="strong">Comments</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-content"><code>#content</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-br"><code>br</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-core"><code>#core</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:id</code></a>,
<a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:lang</code></a>,
<a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:space</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-profile"><code>#profile</code></a></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-structure"><code>#structure</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt</code></a>,
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head"><code>head</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-time-offset"><code>#time-offset</code></a></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-timing"><code>#timing</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#timing-attribute-begin">@<code>begin</code></a>,
<a href="#timing-attribute-dur">@<code>dur</code></a>,
<a href="#timing-attribute-end">@<code>end</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-transformation"><code>#transformation</code></a></td><td/></tr></tbody></table><p>For the sake of convenience, the following table,
<a href="#feature-presentation-mandatory-table"><b>Table E-3 – Mandatory Features - Presentation</b></a>, enumerates all
mandatory features for a TTML Presentation Processor, providing additional
comments to summarize the context of usage or the nature of the feature.
The TTML Profile Definition Document that defines the corresponding
DFXP Presentation Profile is specified in
<a href="#profile-dfxp-presentation"><b>F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile</b></a>.
</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="feature-presentation-mandatory-table" class="common"><caption>Table E-3 – Mandatory Features - Presentation</caption><col width="60%" span="1"/><col width="40%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><span class="strong">Feature</span></td><td><span class="strong">Comments</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-content"><code>#content</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>body</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>div</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>p</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>span</code></a>,
<a href="#content-vocabulary-br"><code>br</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-core"><code>#core</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:id</code></a>,
<a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:lang</code></a>,
<a href="#content-attribute-id">@<code>xml:space</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-profile"><code>#profile</code></a></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-presentation"><code>#presentation</code></a></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-structure"><code>#structure</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt</code></a>,
<a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head"><code>head</code></a>
</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-time-offset"><code>#time-offset</code></a></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#feature-timing"><code>#timing</code></a></td><td>
<a href="#timing-attribute-begin">@<code>begin</code></a>,
<a href="#timing-attribute-dur">@<code>dur</code></a>,
<a href="#timing-attribute-end">@<code>end</code></a>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="extensions" id="extensions"/>E Extensions</h2><p><em>This appendix is normative.</em></p><p>This appendix specifies the syntactic form of extension designations, which are
used to express authorial intent regarding the support for extension
mechanisms in a TTML processor.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="extension-designations" id="extension-designations"/>E.1 Extension Designations</h3><p>An extension designation is expressed as a string that adheres to the following
form:</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>
extension-designation
  : extension-namespace designation

extension-namespace
  : <em>TT Extension Namespace</em>                  // http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/
  | <em>Other Extension Namespace</em>               // expressed as an absolute URI

designation
  : "#" token-char+

token-char
  : { XML NameChar }                        // XML 1.1 Production [4a]
</pre></div><p>If the extension namespace of an extension designation is the TT
Extension Namespace, then all values of the following
<code>designation</code> token are reserved for future
standardization.</p><p>If the extension namespace of an extension designation is not the
TT Extension Namespace, i.e., is an <em>Other Extension Namespace</em>,
then the extension namespace must be expressed as an absolute URI
capable of serving as a base URI used in combination with a
<code>designation</code> token that takes the form of a fragment
identifier.</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="profiles" id="profiles"/>F Profiles</h2><p><em>This appendix is normative.</em></p><p>This appendix specifies the following standard TTML profiles:</p><ul><li><p><a href="#profile-dfxp-transformation"><b>F.1 DFXP Transformation Profile</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#profile-dfxp-presentation"><b>F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile</b></a></p></li><li><p><a href="#profile-dfxp-full"><b>F.3 DFXP Full Profile</b></a></p></li></ul><p>Each TTML profile is defined in terms of a TTML Profile Definition Document,
which is expressed as an XML document wherein the root element adheres to
<a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile"><b>6.1.1 ttp:profile</b></a>.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="profile-dfxp-transformation" id="profile-dfxp-transformation"/>F.1 DFXP Transformation Profile</h3><p>The DFXP Transformation Profile is intended to be used to
express minimum compliance for transformation processing.</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;!-- this file defines the "dfxp-transformation" profile of ttaf1 --&gt;
&lt;profile xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"&gt;
  &lt;features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/"&gt;
    &lt;!-- required (mandatory) feature support --&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#content&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#core&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#profile&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#structure&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#time-offset&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#timing&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#transformation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;!-- optional (voluntary) feature support --&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#animation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#bidi&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#cellResolution&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode-gps&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode-local&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode-utc&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#color&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#direction&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#displayAlign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode-dropNTSC&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode-dropPAL&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode-nonDrop&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#extent-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#extent-root&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#extent&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontFamily-generic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontFamily-non-generic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontFamily&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontSize-anamorphic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontSize-isomorphic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontSize&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontStyle-italic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontStyle-oblique&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontStyle&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontWeight-bold&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontWeight&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#frameRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#frameRateMultiplier&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#layout&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-cell&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-em&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-negative&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-percentage&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-pixel&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-positive&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-real&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#lineBreak-uax14&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#lineHeight&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#markerMode-continuous&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#markerMode-discontinuous&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#markerMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#metadata-foreign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#metadata&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#nested-div&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#nested-span&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#opacity&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#origin&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#overflow-scroll&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#overflow-visible&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#overflow&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-1&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-2&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-3&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-4&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#pixelAspectRatio&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#presentation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#showBackground&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-chained&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-inheritance-content&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-inheritance-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-nested&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-referential&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#subFrameRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textAlign-absolute&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textAlign-relative&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textAlign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration-over&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration-through&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration-under&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textOutline-blurred&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textOutline-unblurred&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textOutline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#tickRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-clock-with-frames&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-clock&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-offset-with-frames&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-offset-with-ticks&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeBase-clock&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeBase-media&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeBase-smpte&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeContainer&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#unicodeBidi&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#wrapOption&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal-lr&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal-rl&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-vertical&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#zIndex&lt;/feature&gt;
  &lt;/features&gt;
  &lt;extensions xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/"&gt;
    &lt;!-- required (mandatory) extension support --&gt;
    &lt;!-- optional (voluntary) extension support --&gt;
  &lt;/extensions&gt;
&lt;/profile&gt;

</pre></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="profile-dfxp-presentation" id="profile-dfxp-presentation"/>F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile</h3><p>The DFXP Presentation Profile is intended to be used to
express minimum compliance for presentation processing.</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;!-- this file defines the "dfxp-presentation" profile of ttaf1-dfxp --&gt;
&lt;profile xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"&gt;
  &lt;features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/"&gt;
    &lt;!-- required (mandatory) feature support --&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#content&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#core&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#presentation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#profile&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#structure&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#time-offset&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#timing&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;!-- optional (voluntary) feature support --&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#animation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#backgroundColor&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#bidi&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#cellResolution&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode-gps&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode-local&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode-utc&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#clockMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#color&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#direction&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#display&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#displayAlign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode-dropNTSC&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode-dropPAL&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode-nonDrop&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#dropMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#extent-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#extent-root&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#extent&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontFamily-generic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontFamily-non-generic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontFamily&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontSize-anamorphic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontSize-isomorphic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontSize&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontStyle-italic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontStyle-oblique&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontStyle&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontWeight-bold&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#fontWeight&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#frameRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#frameRateMultiplier&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#layout&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-cell&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-em&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-negative&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-percentage&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-pixel&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-positive&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length-real&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#length&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#lineBreak-uax14&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#lineHeight&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#markerMode-continuous&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#markerMode-discontinuous&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#markerMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#metadata-foreign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#metadata&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#nested-div&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#nested-span&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#opacity&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#origin&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#overflow-scroll&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#overflow-visible&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#overflow&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-1&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-2&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-3&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding-4&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#padding&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#pixelAspectRatio&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#showBackground&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-chained&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-inheritance-content&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-inheritance-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-nested&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling-referential&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#styling&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#subFrameRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textAlign-absolute&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textAlign-relative&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textAlign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration-over&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration-through&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration-under&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textDecoration&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textOutline-blurred&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textOutline-unblurred&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#textOutline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#tickRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-clock-with-frames&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-clock&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-offset-with-frames&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#time-offset-with-ticks&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeBase-clock&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeBase-media&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeBase-smpte&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#timeContainer&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#transformation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#unicodeBidi&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#visibility&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#wrapOption&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal-lr&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal-rl&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode-vertical&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#writingMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="optional"&gt;#zIndex&lt;/feature&gt;
  &lt;/features&gt;
  &lt;extensions xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/"&gt;
    &lt;!-- required (mandatory) extension support --&gt;
    &lt;!-- optional (voluntary) extension support --&gt;
  &lt;/extensions&gt;
&lt;/profile&gt;

</pre></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="profile-dfxp-full" id="profile-dfxp-full"/>F.3 DFXP Full Profile</h3><p>The DFXP Full Profile is intended to be used to
express maximum compliance for both transformation and presentation processing.</p><div class="exampleInner"><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;!-- this file defines the "dfxp-full" profile of ttaf1-dfxp --&gt;
&lt;profile xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"&gt;
  &lt;features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/"&gt;
    &lt;!-- required (mandatory) feature support --&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#animation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#backgroundColor-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#backgroundColor-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#backgroundColor-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#backgroundColor&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#bidi&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#cellResolution&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#clockMode-gps&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#clockMode-local&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#clockMode-utc&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#clockMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#color&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#content&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#core&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#direction&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#display-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#display-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#display-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#display&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#displayAlign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#dropMode-dropNTSC&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#dropMode-dropPAL&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#dropMode-nonDrop&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#dropMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#extent-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#extent-root&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#extent&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontFamily-generic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontFamily-non-generic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontFamily&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontSize-anamorphic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontSize-isomorphic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontSize&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontStyle-italic&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontStyle-oblique&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontStyle&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontWeight-bold&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#fontWeight&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#frameRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#frameRateMultiplier&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#layout&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length-cell&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length-em&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length-negative&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length-percentage&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length-pixel&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length-positive&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length-real&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#length&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#lineBreak-uax14&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#lineHeight&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#markerMode-continuous&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#markerMode-discontinuous&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#markerMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#metadata-foreign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#metadata&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#nested-div&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#nested-span&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#opacity&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#origin&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#overflow-scroll&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#overflow-visible&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#overflow&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#padding-1&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#padding-2&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#padding-3&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#padding-4&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#padding&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#pixelAspectRatio&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#presentation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#profile&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#showBackground&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#structure&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#styling-chained&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#styling-inheritance-content&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#styling-inheritance-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#styling-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#styling-nested&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#styling-referential&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#styling&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#subFrameRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textAlign-absolute&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textAlign-relative&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textAlign&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textDecoration-over&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textDecoration-through&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textDecoration-under&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textDecoration&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textOutline-blurred&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textOutline-unblurred&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#textOutline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#tickRate&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#time-clock-with-frames&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#time-clock&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#time-offset-with-frames&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#time-offset-with-ticks&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#time-offset&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#timeBase-clock&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#timeBase-media&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#timeBase-smpte&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#timeContainer&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#timing&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#transformation&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#unicodeBidi&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#visibility-block&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#visibility-inline&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#visibility-region&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#visibility&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#wrapOption&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal-lr&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal-rl&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#writingMode-horizontal&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#writingMode-vertical&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#writingMode&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;feature value="required"&gt;#zIndex&lt;/feature&gt;
    &lt;!-- optional (voluntary) feature support --&gt;
  &lt;/features&gt;
  &lt;extensions xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/"&gt;
    &lt;!-- required (mandatory) extension support --&gt;
    &lt;!-- optional (voluntary) extension support --&gt;
  &lt;/extensions&gt;
&lt;/profile&gt;

</pre></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="references" id="references"/>G References</h2><p><em>This appendix is normative.</em></p><dl><dt class="label"><a name="css2" id="css2"/>CSS2</dt><dd>Bert Bos et al.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/"><cite>Cascading
Style Sheets, Level 2</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 12
May 1998. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/">http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="gps" id="gps"/>GPS</dt><dd>
<a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpsinfo.html"><cite>Global
Positioning System</cite></a>, US Naval Observatory.
(See
<a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpsinfo.html">http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpsinfo.html</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="mime-media" id="mime-media"/>MIME</dt><dd>Ned Freed and Nathaniel Borenstein,  
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt"><cite>Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</cite></a>,
RFC 2046, November 1996, IETF.(See
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="rng" id="rng"/>RELAX NG</dt><dd>ISO/IEC 19757-2,
<a href="http://www.iso.org/"><cite>Information technology – Document
Schema Definition Language (DSDL) – Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation – RELAX NG</cite></a>,
International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="smil21" id="smil21"/>SMIL 2.1</dt><dd>Dick Bultermann, et al.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20051213/"><cite>Synchronized
Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.1)</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 13 December 2005. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20051213/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20051213/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="smpte12m" id="smpte12m"/>SMPTE 12M</dt><dd>ANSI/SMPTE 12M,
<a href="http://www.smpte.org/"><cite>Television, Audio and Film –
Time and Control Code</cite></a>, SMPTE Standard.
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="srgb" id="srgb"/>SRGB</dt><dd>IEC 61966-2-1,
<a href="http://www.iec.ch/"><cite>Multimedia
systems and equipment – Colour measurement and management
– Part 2-1: Colour management – Default RGB colour space
– sRGB</cite></a>, International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC).
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="uaag" id="uaag"/>UAAG</dt><dd>Ian Jacobs, Jon Gunderson, and Eric Hansen, Eds.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-UAAG10-20021217/"><cite>User
Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 17
December 2002. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-UAAG10-20021217/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-UAAG10-20021217/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="utc" id="utc"/>UTC</dt><dd>
Recommendation TF.460,
<a href="http://www.itu.int/"><cite>Standard-Frequency and Time-Signal
Emissions</cite></a>, International
Telecommunciations Union, Radio Sector (ITU-R).
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="uax14" id="uax14"/>UAX14</dt><dd>Asmus Freytag, <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-17.html"><cite>Line Breaking
Properties</cite></a>, Unicode Consortium, 29 August 2005. (See
<a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-17.html">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-17.html</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="wcag" id="wcag"/>WCAG</dt><dd>Ben Caldwell, et al., Eds.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211/"><cite>Web
Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 11 December 2008. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xml10" id="xml10"/>XML 1.0</dt><dd>Tim Bray, et al.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML)
1.0 (Fifth Edition)</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 26 November 2008. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xml11" id="xml11"/>XML 1.1</dt><dd>Tim Bray, et al.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/"><cite>Extensible Markup Language (XML)
1.1 (Second Edition)</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 16 August 2006, edited in place 29 September 2006. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xmlbase" id="xmlbase"/>XML Base</dt><dd>Jonathan Marsh and Richard Tobin, Eds.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xmlbase-20090128/"><cite>XML Base (Second Edition)</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 28 January 2009. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xmlbase-20090128/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xmlbase-20090128/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xmlid" id="xmlid"/>XML ID</dt><dd>Jonathan Marsh, Daniel Veillard, Norman Walsh, Eds.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-xml-id-20050909/"><cite>xml:id Version 1.0</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 09 September 2005. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-xml-id-20050909/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-xml-id-20050909/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xml-media" id="xml-media"/>XML Media</dt><dd>Makato Murata, Simon St. Laurent,
Kan Khon, Eds., <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a>,
RFC 3023, January 2001, IETF.(See
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="infoset" id="infoset"/>XML InfoSet</dt><dd>John Cowan and Richard Tobin, Eds.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/"><cite>XML Information Set (Second Edition)</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 04 February 2004. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="rfc3023" id="rfc3023"/>XML Media Types</dt><dd>Makato Murata, et al.,
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt"><cite>XML Media Types</cite></a>,
RFC 3023, January 2001, IETF.(See
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xmlns10" id="xmlns10"/>XML Namespaces 1.0</dt><dd>Tim Bray, et al.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/"><cite>Namespaces
in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 8 December 2009. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xsd-1" id="xsd-1"/>XML Schema Part 1</dt><dd>Henry S. Thompson, David Beech,
Murray Maloney, Noah Mendelsohn, Eds.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/"><cite>XML Schema Part 1: Structures</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 28 October 2004. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xsd-2" id="xsd-2"/>XML Schema Part 2</dt><dd>Paul Biron and Ashok Malhotra,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/"><cite>XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 28 October 2004. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xsl11" id="xsl11"/>XSL 1.1</dt><dd>Anders Berglund,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xsl11-20061205/"><cite>Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.1</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 05 December 2006. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xsl11-20061205/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xsl11-20061205/</a>.)
</dd></dl></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="other-references" id="other-references"/>H Other References (Non-Normative)</h2><dl><dt class="label"><a name="ccreq" id="ccreq"/>CC-DECODER-REQ</dt><dd><a href="http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2005/octqtr/47cfr15.119.htm"><cite>Closed Caption Decoder
Requirements for Analog Television</cite></a>,
United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Volume 1, Part 15, § 15.119. (See
<a href="http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2005/octqtr/47cfr15.119.htm">http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2005/octqtr/47cfr15.119.htm</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="cea608c" id="cea608c"/>CEA-608-C</dt><dd>
EIA/CEA-608-C,
<a href="http://www.ce.org/"><cite>Line 21 Data
Services</cite></a>, EIA/CEA Standard,
Consumer Electronics Association (CEA).
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="css3-color" id="css3-color"/>CSS3 Color</dt><dd>Tantek Çelik and Chris Lilley,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-css3-color-20030514/"><cite>CSS3 Color
Module</cite></a>, W3C Candidate Recommendation, 14 May 2003. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-css3-color-20030514/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-css3-color-20030514/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="dcmes" id="dcmes"/>DCMES 1.1</dt><dd>Dublin Core Metadata Initiative,
<a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/"><cite>Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1: Reference Description</cite></a>. (See
<a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/">http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="mpeg7-5" id="mpeg7-5"/>MPEG7-5</dt><dd>
ISO/IEC 15938-5,
<a href="http://www.iso.org/"><cite>Information technology – Multimedia content description
interface – Part 5: Multimedia description schemes</cite></a>,
International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="nsstate" id="nsstate"/>NSState</dt><dd>Norman Walsh, Ed.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/namespaceState-2006-01-09.html"><cite>The Disposition
of Names in an XML Namespace</cite></a>, TAG Finding, 9 January 2006. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/namespaceState-2006-01-09.html">http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/namespaceState-2006-01-09</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="qaf-sg" id="qaf-sg"/>QAF SG</dt><dd>Karl Dubost, et al.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/"><cite>QA
Framework: Specifications Guidelines</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 17
August 2005. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/qaframe-spec/">http://www.w3.org/TR/qaframe-spec/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="smpte170m" id="smpte170m"/>SMPTE 170M</dt><dd>ANSI/SMPTE 170M, 
<a href="http://www.smpte.org/"><cite>Television – Composite Analog Video
Signal – NTSC for Studio Applications</cite></a>, SMPTE Standard.
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="svg11" id="svg11"/>SVG 1.1</dt><dd>Jon Ferraiolo, Jun Fujisawa, Dean Jackson, Eds.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/"><cite>Scalable
Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification</cite></a>, W3C Recommendation, 14
January 2003. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="ttaf1-req" id="ttaf1-req"/>TTAF1-REQ</dt><dd>Glenn Adams, Ed.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/NOTE-ttaf1-req-20060427/"><cite>Timed Text (TT) Authoring Format 1.0 Use
Cases and Requirements</cite></a>,
W3C Working Group Note, 27 April 2006. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/NOTE-ttaf1-req-20060427/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/NOTE-ttaf1-req-20060427/</a>.)
</dd><dt class="label"><a name="xhtml10" id="xhtml10"/>XHTML 1.0</dt><dd>Steven Pemberton, et al.,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/"><cite>XHTML™ 1.0,
The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (Second Edition)</cite></a>,
W3C Recommendation, 01
August 2002. (See
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/</a>.)
</dd></dl></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="requirements" id="requirements"/>I Requirements (Non-Normative)</h2><p>The Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP) of the Timed Text Authoring
Format (TTML) satisfies a subset of the requirements established by
<a href="#ttaf1-req">[TTAF1-REQ]</a>. The following table enumerates these requirements and
indicates the extent to which they are satisfied by this specification, where
<em>S</em> denotes a requirement is satisfied, <em>P</em> denotes
a requirement is partially satisfied, and <em>N</em> denotes a
requirement is not satisfied.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="requirements-table" class="common"><caption>Table J-1 – Requirement Satisfaction</caption><col width="10%" span="1"/><col width="40%" span="1"/><col width="10%" span="1"/><tbody><tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Status</th><th>Comments</th></tr><tr><td>R100</td><td>Specification Format</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R101</td><td>Specification Modularity</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R102</td><td>Specification Organization</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R103</td><td>Core and Periphery</td><td>S</td><td>TT extension namespaces</td></tr><tr><td>R104</td><td>Evolution of Core</td><td>S</td><td>TT extension namespaces</td></tr><tr><td>R105</td><td>Ownership of Core</td><td>S</td><td>TT namespaces</td></tr><tr><td>R106</td><td>Surjection of Core</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R107</td><td>Evolution of Periphery</td><td>S</td><td>TT extension namespaces</td></tr><tr><td>R108</td><td>Ownership of Periphery</td><td>S</td><td>Non-TT namespaces</td></tr><tr><td>R109</td><td>Transformation</td><td>S</td><td>Supports 3GPP, QText, RealText, SAMI</td></tr><tr><td>R110</td><td>Streamable Transformation</td><td>S</td><td>Progressive decoding</td></tr><tr><td>R111</td><td>Accessibility – Content</td><td>S</td><td>Alternative document instances</td></tr><tr><td>R112</td><td>Accessibility – Authoring System</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R200</td><td>Authorability</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R201</td><td>Multiple Natural Languages</td><td>S</td><td>Alternative document instances</td></tr><tr><td>R202</td><td>Natural Language Coverage</td><td>S</td><td>Unicode 4.0</td></tr><tr><td>R203</td><td>Natural Language Association Granularity</td><td>S</td><td>See <code>xml:lang</code></td></tr><tr><td>R204</td><td>Minimum Character Representability</td><td>S</td><td>Unicode 4.0</td></tr><tr><td>R205</td><td>Intrinsic and Extrinsic Text Content</td><td>P</td><td>Intrinsic only</td></tr><tr><td>R206</td><td>Markup Association</td><td>P</td><td>Intrinsic only</td></tr><tr><td>R207</td><td>Conditional Content</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R208</td><td>Flowed Text</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R209</td><td>Logical Flowed Text Vocabulary</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R210</td><td>Presentational Flowed Text Vocabulary</td><td>S</td><td>Implied mapping from logical flowed text.</td></tr><tr><td>R211</td><td>Flowed Text Vocabulary Relationship</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R212</td><td>Flowed Text Vocabulary Separation</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R213</td><td>Non-Flowed Text</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R214</td><td>Non-Flowed Text Vocabulary</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R215</td><td>Hybrid Flowed and Non-Flowed Text</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R216</td><td>Hyperlinking</td><td>N</td><td>Can support via XLink</td></tr><tr><td>R217</td><td>Embedded Graphics</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R218</td><td>Non-Embedded Graphics</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R219</td><td>Embedded Fonts</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R220</td><td>Non-Embedded Fonts</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R221</td><td>Descriptive Vocabulary</td><td>S</td><td>See <code>ttm:agent</code>, <code>ttm:role</code></td></tr><tr><td>R222</td><td>Embedded Audio</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R223</td><td>Non-Embedded Audio</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R290</td><td>Markup Format</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R291</td><td>Markup Format and Unicode Interaction</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R292</td><td>Extrinsic Resource References</td><td>N</td><td>No extrinsic references</td></tr><tr><td>R293</td><td>Schema Validity Specification</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R300</td><td>Inline Styling</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R301</td><td>Inline Styling Form</td><td>P</td><td>Inline and referential styling</td></tr><tr><td>R301</td><td>Out-of-Line Styling</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R301</td><td>Out-of-Line Styling Form</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R304</td><td>Styling Prioritization</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R305</td><td>Style Parameters – Aural</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R306</td><td>Style Parameters – Visual</td><td>P</td><td>Supports absolute position, background color, color, display none, display alignment,
font family, font size, font style, font weight, height, line height, origin,
opacity, overflow, padding (before, after, start, end), text alignment,
text shadow (as outline), visibility, width, writing mode, z-index</td></tr><tr><td>R390</td><td>Style Parameter Symmetry</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R391</td><td>Style Parameter Definitions</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R392</td><td>Style Parameter Shorthands</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R401</td><td>Inline Timing</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R402</td><td>Out-of-Line Timing</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R403</td><td>Synchronization Parameters</td><td>P</td><td>Supports begin, end, dur</td></tr><tr><td>R404</td><td>Synchronization Parameter Value Spaces</td><td>P</td><td>Supports offset values, media marker values (SMPTE 12M), wallclock values</td></tr><tr><td>R405</td><td>Time Containment Semantics</td><td>P</td><td>Supports sequential, parallel</td></tr><tr><td>R500</td><td>Animation Modes</td><td>P</td><td>Supports discrete</td></tr><tr><td>R502</td><td>Highlight Animation</td><td>S</td><td><code>&lt;set tts:backgroundColor="..."/&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td>R503</td><td>Fade Transition Animation</td><td>S</td><td><code>&lt;set tts:opacity="..."/&gt;</code></td></tr><tr><td>R504</td><td>Animated Style Parameters – Aural</td><td>N</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R505</td><td>Animated Style Parameters – Visual</td><td>P</td><td>Supports animating background color, color, display, opacity, origin, visibility</td></tr><tr><td>N506</td><td>Animated Content</td><td>S</td><td/></tr><tr><td>R600</td><td>Metadata Item Association</td><td>S</td><td>See <code>metadata</code>, <code>Metadata.class</code></td></tr><tr><td>R601</td><td>Metadata Item Constituents</td><td>P</td><td>Supports name, value</td></tr><tr><td>R602</td><td>Metadata Item Value Representation</td><td>P</td><td>See <code>metadata</code></td></tr><tr><td>R603</td><td>Metadata Item Extensibility</td><td>S</td><td>See <code>metadata</code></td></tr><tr><td>R604</td><td>Metadata Item Validation</td><td>S</td><td>See <code>metadata</code></td></tr><tr><td>R690</td><td>Dublin Core Preference</td><td>N</td><td>Uses <code>ttm:copyright</code>, <code>ttm:desc</code>, <code>ttm:title</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="derivation" id="derivation"/>J Vocabulary Derivation (Non-Normative)</h2><p>This appendix provides information about the derivation of TTML
vocabulary, separately describing derivation of elements and
attributes.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="d3e17088" id="d3e17088"/>J.1 Element Derivation</h3><p>The first column of <a href="#element-vocab-derivation-table"><b>Table K-1 – Elements</b></a>
specifies a TTML element vocabulary item; the second column specifies the
syntactic and/or semantic model on which the vocabulary item is based;
the third column specifies the reference that defines
the model (if a model is indicated);
the fourth column specifies details about the derivation; the last
column refers to additional notes describing the nature of the
derivation.</p><p>In the fourth column, which describes details of derivation, a
notation is use to indicate the addition or removal of an attribute.
For example, in the derivation of the <code>tt:div</code> element, the
details column includes "-@class", which denotes that the
<code>class</code> attribute that is specified for use with the
<code>xhtml:div</code> model element is not specified for use with the
corresponding TTML element; in contrast, the details column includes
"+@begin", which denotes that a <code>begin</code> attribute is added
that is not specified for use with the <code>xhtml:div</code> model
element.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="element-vocab-derivation-table" class="common"><caption>Table K-1 – Elements</caption><col width="20%" span="1"/><col width="17%" span="1"/><col width="13%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="40%" span="1"/><col width="10%" align="center" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><span class="strong">Element</span></td><td><span class="strong">Model</span></td><td><span class="strong">Reference</span></td><td><span class="strong">Details</span></td><td><span class="strong">Notes</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-body"><code>tt:body</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:body</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region,
+@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*; content model
subsetted to zero or more division (div) children, and supersetted by
optional metadata and animation children</td><td>1,2</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#content-vocabulary-br"><code>tt:br</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:br</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>-@class, -@title; +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:lang, +@xml:space;
content model supersetted by
optional metadata and animation children for congruity with other
content vocabulary</td><td>1,2</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#content-vocabulary-div"><code>tt:div</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:div</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region,
+@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:space; content model
subsetted to zero or more paragraph (p) children, and supersetted by
optional metadata and animation children</td><td>1,2,3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-head"><code>tt:head</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:head</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>-@dir, -@lang, -@profile; +@id, +@xml:space; content model changed to
optional metadata children, followed by optional styling child,
followed by optional layout child</td><td>1,3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#layout-vocabulary-layout"><code>tt:layout</code></a></td><td><code>fo:simple-page-master</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-metadata"><code>tt:metadata</code></a></td><td><code>svg:metadata</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>-@xml:base; +@ttm:*, +@xml:lang, +@xml:space; content model
subsetted to foreign namespace element content only (no #PCDATA)</td><td>3,5</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#content-vocabulary-p"><code>tt:p</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:p</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region,
+@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:space; content model
subsetted to zero or more span children, and supersetted by optional
metadata and animation children</td><td>1,2,3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#layout-vocabulary-region"><code>tt:region</code></a></td><td><code>fo:region-*</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#animation-vocabulary-set"><code>tt:set</code></a></td><td><code>svg:set</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>-@* except begin, dur, end; +@tts:*, +@xml:lang, +@xml:space</td><td>3,6</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#content-vocabulary-span"><code>tt:span</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:span</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region,
+@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:space; content model
subsetted to zero or more #PCDATA or break (br) children, and
supersetted by optional metadata and animation children</td><td>1,2,3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#styling-vocabulary-style"><code>tt:style</code></a></td><td><em>style specification</em></td><td><a href="#css2">[CSS2]</a></td><td>XML representation of identified set of pairs of style property
name and value, with optional inclusion of other styles by reference
to other style elements</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#styling-vocabulary-styling"><code>tt:styling</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:style</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>XML representation of a set of style specifications sets, each
represented by a style child element</td><td>1,7</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#document-structure-vocabulary-tt"><code>tt:tt</code></a></td><td><code>xhtml:html</code></td><td><a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a></td><td>-@dir, -@lang; +@id, +@ttp:*, +@xml:space; content model subsetted by
permitting body and/or head to be optional</td><td>1,8</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-actor"><code>ttm:actor</code></a></td><td><code>mpeg7:Creator</code></td><td><a href="#mpeg7-5">[MPEG7-5]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-agent"><code>ttm:agent</code></a></td><td><code>mpeg7:Agent</code></td><td><a href="#mpeg7-5">[MPEG7-5]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-copyright"><code>ttm:copyright</code></a></td><td><code>mpeg7:CopyrightString</code></td><td><a href="#mpeg7-5">[MPEG7-5]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-desc"><code>ttm:desc</code></a></td><td><code>svg:desc</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>-@class, -@style, -@xml:base</td><td>2,5,9</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-name"><code>ttm:name</code></a></td><td><code>mpeg7:Name</code></td><td><a href="#mpeg7-5">[MPEG7-5]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-vocabulary-title"><code>ttm:title</code></a></td><td><code>svg:title</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>-@class, -@style, -@xml:base</td><td>2,5,9</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extension"><code>ttp:extension</code></a></td><td><code>@requiredExtensions</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-extensions"><code>ttp:extensions</code></a></td><td><code>@requiredExtensions</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-feature"><code>ttp:feature</code></a></td><td><code>@requiredFeatures</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-features"><code>ttp:features</code></a></td><td><code>@requiredFeatures</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-vocabulary-profile"><code>ttp:profile</code></a></td><td><code>@baseProfile</code></td><td><a href="#svg11">[SVG 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td>11</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>Derivation is indicated with respect to the strict DTD defined
by <a href="#xhtml10">[XHTML 1.0]</a>, §A.1.</p></li><li><p>The <code>class</code> attribute is effectively replaced by the
<code>style</code>
attribute, which, instead of specifying an inline style,
refers indirectly to one or more <a href="#styling-vocabulary-style"><code>style</code></a>
elements that define a set of style specification sets.</p></li><li><p>The <code>xml:lang</code> and <code>xml:space</code> attributes are defined for all element
types in order to support their inheritance semantics to operate in
the context of foreign namespace elements.</p></li><li><p>Derivation is conceptual (notional) only.</p></li><li><p>The <code>xml:base</code> attribute is not used since there are no external
references from core vocabulary.</p></li><li><p>The <code>attributeName</code> and <code>to</code> attributes of
<code>svg:set</code> are replaced by the
direct expression of the target attribute name and value by use of a
<code>tts:*</code> attribute.</p></li><li><p>CSS style specification syntax is mapped to XML by use of
attributes defined in the TT Style Namespace.</p></li><li><p>The <code>xml:id</code> attribute is defined for use on all element types.</p></li><li><p>The <code>style</code> attribute is supported only on content
elements.</p></li><li><p>Derived from the use of <code>@requiredExtensions</code>
and <code>@requiredFeatures</code> on the <code>svg:svg</code> element,
but extended to support distinct specification of optionality.</p></li><li><p>Derived from the use of <code>@baseProfile</code>
and <code>@version</code> on the <code>svg:svg</code> element.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="d3e17567" id="d3e17567"/>J.2 Attribute Derivation</h3><p>The first column of <a href="#attribute-vocab-derivation-table"><b>Table K-2 – Attributes</b></a>
specifies a TTML attribute vocabulary item; the second column specifies the
syntactic and/or semantic model on which the vocabulary item is based;
the third column specifies the reference that defines
the model (if a model is indicated);
the fourth column specifies details about the derivation; the last
column refers to additional notes describing the nature of the
derivation.</p><p>In the fourth column, which describes details of derivation, a
notation is use to indicate the addition or removal of an attribute
value.  For example, in the derivation of the <code>timeContainer</code>
attribute,
the details column includes "-excl", which denotes that the
<code>excl</code> value that is specified for use with the
<code>timeContainer</code> model attribute is not specified for use with the
corresponding TTML attribute; similarly, an "+<em>value</em>"
in the details column indicates that the attribute's values have been
extended to include <em>value</em>.</p><p>Only those attributes that are specified for use on more than one TTML
element type are listed below. Those per-element namespace attributes
that are uniquely defined for a specific TTML element type are not
listed below, but are considered to be part of the specific element
type's derivation described in <a href="#element-vocab-derivation-table"><b>Table K-1 – Elements</b></a>
above.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="attribute-vocab-derivation-table" class="common"><caption>Table K-2 – Attributes</caption><col width="20%" span="1"/><col width="17%" span="1"/><col width="13%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="40%" span="1"/><col width="10%" align="center" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><span class="strong">Attribute</span></td><td><span class="strong">Model</span></td><td><span class="strong">Reference</span></td><td><span class="strong">Details</span></td><td><span class="strong">Notes</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#timing-attribute-begin"><code>begin</code></a></td><td><code>begin</code></td><td><a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a></td><td>see notes</td><td>2,3,4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#timing-attribute-dur"><code>dur</code></a></td><td><code>dur</code></td><td><a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a></td><td>see notes</td><td>2,3,4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#timing-attribute-end"><code>end</code></a></td><td><code>end</code></td><td><a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a></td><td>see notes</td><td>2,3,4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#layout-attribute-region"><code>region</code></a></td><td><code>master-reference</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td>conceptual derivation</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-style"><code>style</code></a></td><td><code>class</code></td><td><a href="#css2">[CSS2]</a></td><td>dereferences style specification(s) directly</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer"><code>timeContainer</code></a></td><td><code>timeContainer</code></td><td><a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a></td><td>-excl, -none; no default attribute value</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-attribute-agent"><code>ttm:agent</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>used to attribute agent of content</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#metadata-attribute-role"><code>ttm:role</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>used to attribute role of content</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-cellResolution"><code>ttp:cellResolution</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>expresses uniform grid resolution for cell based coordinates</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-clockMode"><code>ttp:clockMode</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>determines how to interpret time expressions</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRate"><code>ttp:frameRate</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>expresses integral frame rate</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-frameRateMultiplier"><code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>used to express non-integral, rational frame rates</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-markerMode"><code>ttp:markerMode</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>expresses marker continuity semantics</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-pixelAspectRatio"><code>ttp:pixelAspectRatio</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>expresses pixel aspect ratio of related media</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-profile"><code>ttp:profile</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>expresses profile of TTML used by document instance</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-dropMode"><code>ttp:dropMode</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>expresses frame counting (drop) modes</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-subFrameRate"><code>ttp:subFrameRate</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>expresses sub-frame rate</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-tickRate"><code>ttp:tickRate</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>used to interpret tick based time expressions</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#parameter-attribute-timeBase"><code>ttp:timeBase</code></a></td><td><em>none</em></td><td/><td>used to interpret semantics of time expressions</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-backgroundColor"><code>tts:backgroundColor</code></a></td><td><code>background-color</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1,6</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-color"><code>tts:color</code></a></td><td><code>color</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-direction"><code>tts:direction</code></a></td><td><code>direction</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-display"><code>tts:display</code></a></td><td><code>display</code></td><td><a href="#css2">[CSS2]</a></td><td>only <code>auto</code>, <code>none</code></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-displayAlign"><code>tts:displayAlign</code></a></td><td><code>display-align</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-extent"><code>tts:extent</code></a></td><td><code>width</code>, <code>height</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td>shorthand property</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-fontFamily"><code>tts:fontFamily</code></a></td><td><code>font-family</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code>, extends generic family names</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-fontSize"><code>tts:fontSize</code></a></td><td><code>font-size</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1,7</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-fontWeight"><code>tts:fontWeight</code></a></td><td><code>font-weight</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code>, <code>-bolder</code>, <code>-lighter</code>, <code>-&lt;number&gt;</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-lineHeight"><code>tts:lineHeight</code></a></td><td><code>line-height</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code>, <code>-&lt;number&gt;</code>, <code>-&lt;space&gt;</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-opacity"><code>tts:opacity</code></a></td><td><code>opacity</code></td><td><a href="#css3-color">[CSS3 Color]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-origin"><code>tts:origin</code></a></td><td><code>top</code>, <code>left</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td>shorthand property</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-overflow"><code>tts:overflow</code></a></td><td><code>overflow</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code>, <code>-auto</code>, <code>-error-if-overflow</code>;</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-padding"><code>tts:padding</code></a></td><td><code>padding</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-showBackground"><code>tts:showBackground</code></a></td><td><code>showBackground</code></td><td><a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-textAlign"><code>tts:textAlign</code></a></td><td><code>text-align</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-textDecoration"><code>tts:textDecoration</code></a></td><td><code>text-decoration</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1,10,13</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-textOutline"><code>tts:textOutline</code></a></td><td><code>text-shadow</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>11,13</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-unicodeBidi"><code>tts:unicodeBidi</code></a></td><td><code>unicode-bidi</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-visibility"><code>tts:visibility</code></a></td><td><code>visibility</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code>, <code>-collapse</code></td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-wrapOption"><code>tts:wrapOption</code></a></td><td><code>wrap-option</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-writingMode"><code>tts:writingMode</code></a></td><td><code>writing-mode</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code>, <code>+tblr</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#style-attribute-zIndex"><code>tts:zIndex</code></a></td><td><code>z-index</code></td><td><a href="#xsl11">[XSL 1.1]</a></td><td><code>-inherit</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#content-attribute-id"><code>xml:id</code></a></td><td><code>xml:id</code></td><td><a href="#xmlid">[XML ID]</a></td><td>complies with model</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#content-attribute-lang"><code>xml:lang</code></a></td><td><code>xml:lang</code></td><td><a href="#xml10">[XML 1.0]</a></td><td>complies with model</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="#content-attribute-space"><code>xml:space</code></a></td><td><code>xml:space</code></td><td><a href="#xml10">[XML 1.0]</a></td><td>see notes</td><td>12</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>Attribute name and/or value(s) are normalized to use
<em>lowerCamelCase</em> naming convention.</p></li><li><p>Restricted to expressing a clock value that denotes one of the
following in accordance to whether the parameter expressed by the
<code>ttp:timeBase</code> attribute is <code>media</code>, <code>smpte</code>,
or <code>clock</code>, respectively:
(1) an offset from an implicit syncbase that is linked to a media time
line, (2) an event time
that represents the occurrence of an implicit media marker, or (3) a wallclock
time.</p></li><li><p>Syntactically subsets and supersets the <a href="#smil21">[SMIL 2.1]</a> <code>Clock-value</code> syntax as follows:
(1) requires non-negative <code>Full-clock-value</code> or
<code>Timecount-value</code>;
(2) if <code>Full-clock-value</code>
then <em>hours</em> must be two or more digits;
(3) if <code>Timecount-value</code>, then <em>metric</em> must be
specified;
(4) uses <code>m</code> as alias for <code>min</code> metric to denote
minutes;
(5) adds <code>f</code> and <code>t</code> metrics denoting frames and
ticks, respectively;
(6) adds alternative expression of optional <code>Fraction</code> in
<code>Full-clock-value</code> by specifying frame count or frame
count with subframe count.
</p></li><li><p>
Interpretation of time expression is further constrained by
parameters expressed by
<code>ttp:clockMode</code>,
<code>ttp:dropMode</code>,
<code>ttp:frameRate</code>,
<code>ttp:frameRateMultiplier</code>,
<code>ttp:markerMode</code>,
<code>ttp:subFrameRate</code>,
<code>ttp:tickRate</code>, and
<code>ttp:timeBase</code> attributes.</p></li><li><p>Uses subset of named colors from model to which two aliases are
added as follows: <code>magenta</code> as <code>fuchsia</code>, and <code>cyan</code>
as <code>aqua</code>.</p></li><li><p>If not specified, then parallel (par) container semantics apply to
the element types specified by <a href="#timing-attribute-timeContainer"><b>10.2.4 timeContainer</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>Restricts size to length specification which can be a percentage;
adds optional second length (or percentage) for
specifying separate horizontal and vertical scaling of glyph's EM
square.</p></li><li><p>Expressed in terms of writing mode relative padding properties
rather than absolute padding properties.</p></li><li><p>Excludes <code>blink</code> and <code>no-blink</code> values.</p></li><li><p>Uses only one length specification instead of two, where one length
defines distance of outline effect from nominal edge of glyph contour
outline perpendicular to point of glyph contour. Percentage lengths
are also added to express outline effect in relative to font size.
Outline effects are intended to be drawn both outside of outer closed
contours and inside of inner closed contours.</p></li><li><p>On root element, default attribute value specified as
<code>default</code>, which is defined in terms of whitespace
normalization. Semantics of preservation and default normalization are
defined in terms of presentation semantics by <a href="#content-attribute-space"><b>7.2.3 xml:space</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>Defined to be inheritable.</p></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="qa" id="qa"/>K QA Framework Compliance (Non-Normative)</h2><p>This appendix specifies the compliance of this specification with the
requirements and guidelines defined by <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/">QA
Framework Specifications Guidelines</a> <a href="#qaf-sg">[QAF SG]</a>.</p><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="d3e18435" id="d3e18435"/>K.1 Requirements</h3><table summary="HTML Table" id="qa-framework-requirements-table" class="common"><caption>Table L-1 – QA Framework Requirements Checklist</caption><col width="76%" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><span class="strong">Requirement</span></td><td><span class="strong">YES</span></td><td><span class="strong">NO</span></td><td><span class="strong">N/A</span></td><td><span class="strong">Notes</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#include-conformance-clause-principle">Requirement 01: Include a conformance
clause</a></td><td><a href="#conformance">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#define-scope-principle">Requirement 02: Define the scope.</a></td><td><a href="#intro">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#implement-principle">Requirement 03: Identify who or what will implement the specification.</a></td><td><a href="#conformance">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#ref-norm-principle">Requirement 04: Make a list of normative references.</a></td><td><a href="#references">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#define-terms-principle">Requirement 05: Define the terms used in the normative parts of the specification.</a></td><td><a href="#definitions">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#conf-label-principle">Requirement 06: Create conformance labels for each part of the conformance model.</a></td><td><a href="#conformance">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#consistent-style-principle">Requirement 07: Use a consistent style for conformance requirements and explain how to distinguish them.</a></td><td><a href="#conventions">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#req-opt-conf-principle">Requirement 08: Indicate which conformance requirements are mandatory, which are recommended, and which are optional.</a></td><td><a href="#conventions">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#subdivide-mandatory-principle">Requirement 09: If the technology is subdivided, then indicate which subdivisions are mandatory for conformance.</a></td><td><a href="#conformance">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#subdiv-constraints-principle">Requirement 10: If the technology is subdivided, then address subdivision constraints.</a></td><td><a href="#conformance">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#likehood-extension-principle">Requirement 11: Address Extensibility.</a></td><td><a href="#doctypes">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#deprecated-feature-principle">Requirement 12: Identify deprecated features.</a></td><td/><td/><td>N/A</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#degree-support-principle">Requirement 13: Define how each class of product handles each deprecated feature.</a></td><td/><td/><td>N/A</td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>No feature is deprecated by this version of this specification.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="div2">
<h3><a name="d3e18599" id="d3e18599"/>K.2 Guidelines</h3><table summary="HTML Table" id="qa-framework-guidelines-table" class="common"><caption>Table L-2 – QA Framework Guidelines Checklist</caption><col width="76%" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><col width="6%" align="center" span="1"/><tbody><tr><td><span class="strong">Guideline</span></td><td><span class="strong">YES</span></td><td><span class="strong">NO</span></td><td><span class="strong">N/A</span></td><td><span class="strong">Notes</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#conformance-model-gp">Good Practice 01: Define the specification's conformance model in the conformance clause.</a></td><td><a href="#conformance">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#norm-informative-gp">Good Practice 02: Specify in the conformance clause how to distinguish normative from informative content.</a></td><td><a href="#conventions">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#conformance-claim-gp">Good Practice 03: Provide the wording for conformance claims.</a></td><td><a href="#claims">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#ics-gp">Good Practice 04: Provide an Implementation Conformance Statement Pro Forma.</a></td><td/><td>NO</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#ics-claim-gp">Good Practice 05: Require an Implementation Conformance Statement as part of valid conformance claims.</a></td><td><a href="#claims">YES</a></td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#use-example-gp">Good Practice 06: Provide examples, use cases, and graphics.</a></td><td><a href="#example">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#write-sample-gp">Good Practice 07: Write sample code or tests.</a></td><td>YES</td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#ref-define-practice">Good Practice 08: When imposing requirements by normative references, address conformance dependencies.</a></td><td><a href="#references">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#define-terms-inline-gp">Good Practice 09: Define unfamiliar terms in-line and consolidate the definitions in a glossary section.</a></td><td><a href="#definitions">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#reuse-terms-gp">Good Practice 10: Use terms already defined without changing their definition.</a></td><td><a href="#definitions">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#formal-language-gp">Good Practice 11: Use formal languages when possible.</a></td><td><a href="#schemas">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#write-assertion-gp">Good Practice 12: Write Test Assertions.</a></td><td/><td>NO</td><td/><td>3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#subdivide-foster-gp">Good Practice 13: Create subdivisions of the technology when warranted.</a></td><td><a href="#conformance">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#rules-profiles-gp">Good Practice 14: If the technology is profiled, define rules for creating new profiles.</a></td><td><a href="#vocabulary-profiles">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#need-option-gp">Good Practice 15:Use optional features as warranted.</a></td><td>YES</td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#label-options-gp">Good Practice 16: Clearly identify optional features.</a></td><td>YES</td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#constraints-gp">Good Practice 17: Indicate any limitations or constraints on optional features.</a></td><td>YES</td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#extensions-prohibited-gp">Good Practice 18: If extensibility is allowed, define an extension mechanism.</a></td><td><a href="#extension-vocabulary-overview">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#breaking-conformance-gp">Good Practice 19: Warn extension creators to create extensions that do not interfere with conformance.</a></td><td><a href="#extension-vocabulary-overview">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#define-error-gp">Good Practice 20: Define error-handling for unknown extensions.</a></td><td><a href="#conformance-processor">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#workaround-gp">Good Practice 21: Explain how to avoid using a deprecated feature.</a></td><td/><td/><td>N/A</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#obsolete-gp">Good Practice 22: Identify obsolete features.</a></td><td/><td/><td>N/A</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/#error-handling-gp">Good Practice 23: Define an error handling mechanism.</a></td><td><a href="#reduced-infoset">YES</a></td><td/><td/><td/></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><ol class="enumar"><li><p>When making normative references to external specifications,
specific clauses or sections are cited.</p></li><li><p>See also <a href="#derivation"><b>J Vocabulary Derivation</b></a>.</p></li><li><p>Test assertions and test suites will be provided prior to entering
Proposed Recommendation (PR) phase.</p></li><li><p>See criterion #3 in <a href="#conformance-processor"><b>3.2 Processor Conformance</b></a> and definition of
<a href="#doctypes">TTML Abstract Document Instance</a>.</p></li><li><p>No feature is deprecated or obsoleted by this version of this specification.</p></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="streaming" id="streaming"/>L Streaming TTML Content (Non-Normative)</h2><p>TTML Content is designed to support streamability by implementing the
following properties:</p><ul><li><p>can be progressively encoded (i.e., does not require computing
subsequent data prior to sending current data);</p></li><li><p>can be progressively decoded (i.e., does not require forward
references, but uses only reverse references when necessary);</p></li><li><p>does not require dereferencing (and subsequent loading) of any
resources other than TTML content (i.e., no embedded URIs);</p></li><li><p>does not support alternative content forms (e.g., different
language, graphics formats, time bases) in a single document;</p></li><li><p>has timing structure compiled into inline format that makes
possible a temporal ordering of content that follows temporal
presentation order;</p></li><li><p>constrains content models to prevent arbitrary nested content
structures;</p></li></ul><p>One possible means by which TTML Content may be streamed is to
partition a TTML document instance's information set into
non-overlapping fragments, where one particular fragment, call it the
<em>root fragment</em>, represents the front matter (head) of the
document instance as well as its top level structural elements, and
other fragments represent content whose time intervals are expected to
be active in parallel.</p><p>In applications that require arbitrary (random) entry into a
stream, i.e., the property of being able to start reading data at an
arbitrary data access unit, the root fragment will be repetitively
transmitted (inserted) into the stream in order to permit a decoder to
resynchronize and acquire sufficient structural information in the
information set in order to interpret subsequent content
fragments.</p><p>An example of such a fragmentation of a TTML document instance is
shown in <a href="#fragment-streaming-graphic"><b>Figure 3 – Fragment Streaming</b></a>.</p><table summary="HTML Table" id="fragment-streaming-graphic" class="example-images"><caption>Figure 3 – Fragment Streaming</caption><tbody><tr><td><img src="images/streaming.png" alt="Fragment Streaming"/></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note"><p class="prefix"><b>Note:</b></p><p>This specification does not define a transport buffer model or a decoder
capabilities model.</p></div></div><div class="div1">
<h2><a name="acknowledgments" id="acknowledgments"/>M Acknowledgments (Non-Normative)</h2><p>The editor acknowledges the members of the Timed Text Working
Group, the members of other W3C Working Groups, and industry experts
in other forums who have contributed directly or indirectly to the
process or content of creating this document.</p><p>The current and former members of the Timed Text Working Group are:
Glenn Adams (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.), John Birch (Invited expert), Kees Blom (CWI), Dick Bulterman (CWI), Frans de Jong (Invited expert), Mike Dolan (W3C Invited Experts), Geoff Freed (WGBH National Center for Accessible Media), Sean Hayes (Microsoft Corporation), David Kirby (British Broadcasting Corporation), Andrew Kirkpatrick (Adobe Systems Inc.), Philippe Le Hégaret (W3C/MIT), Matthew May (Adobe Systems Inc.), Soohong Daniel Park (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.), Brad Botkin, Donald Evans, Markus Gylling, Markku Hakkinen, Erik Hodge, Masahiko Kaneko, George Kerscher, Chris Lilley, Thierry Michel, Patrick Schmitz, David Singer.

</p><p>The editor wishes to especially acknowledge the following contributions
by members: Micheal Dolan (SMPTE time codes, streaming; SMPTE liaison), David
Kirby (introductory example document; SMPTE time codes, descriptive metadata; EBU/AAF liaison), Geoff Freed (styling
and example images of style properties), Sean Hayes (advanced profile
concepts, including applicative timing), Eric Hodge (timing),
Thierry Michel (metadata), and Dave Singer (animation, scrolling).</p><p>The Timed Text Working Group has benefited in its work from the
participation and contributions of a number of people not currently
members of the Working Group, including in particular those named
below. Affiliations given are those current at the time of their work
with the WG.</p><p>
John Birch, Screen Subtitling Systems;
Bert Bos, W3C (chair, CSS WG);
Martin Dürst, W3C (leader, I18N Activity);
Al Gilman (chair, WAI Protocol and Formats WG);
Philipp Hoschka, W3C (leader, Interaction Domain);
Chris Lilley, W3C (chair, SVG WG).
</p><p>The editor wishes to especially acknowledge the following contributions
by non-members: John Birch (dynamic flow).</p>
<p>
The Working Group dedicates this specification to our colleague  
David Kirby.
</p>
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